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1,301 results on '"Howard, Virginia J"'

1. Demographic and Clinical Factors Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1 Antibody Response Among Vaccinated US Adults: the C4R Study

Author

Kim, John S., Sun, Yifei, Balte, Pallavi, Cushman, Mary, Boyle, Rebekah, Tracy, Russell P., Styer, Linda M., Bell, Taison D., Anderson, Michaela R., Allen, Norrina B., Schreiner, Pamela J., Bowler, Russell P., Schwartz, David A., Lee, Joyce S., Xanthakis, Vanessa, Doyle, Margaret F., Regan, Elizabeth A., Make, Barry J., Kanaya, Alka M., Wenzel, Sally E., Coresh, Josef, Isasi, Carmen R., Raffield, Laura M., Elkind, Mitchell S. V., Howard, Virginia J., Ortega, Victor E., Woodruff, Prescott, Cole, Shelley A., Henderson, Joel M., Mantis, Nicholas J., Parker, Monica M., Demmer, Ryan T., and Oelsner, Elizabeth C.

Published
2024
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4. Physical Activity Volume, Intensity, and Mortality: Harmonized Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

Author

Tarp, Jakob, Dalene, Knut E., Fagerland, Morten W., Steene-Johannesen, Jostein, Hansen, Bjørge H., Anderssen, Sigmund A., Hagströmer, Maria, Dohrn, Ing-Mari, Dempsey, Paddy C., Wijndaele, Katrien, Brage, Søren, Nordström, Anna, Nordström, Peter, Diaz, Keith M., Howard, Virginia J., Hooker, Steven P., Morseth, Bente, Hopstock, Laila A., Sagelv, Edvard H., Yates, Thomas, Edwardson, Charlotte L., Lee, I-Min, and Ekelund, Ulf

Published
2024
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7. History of obstructive sleep apnea associated with incident cognitive impairment in white but not black individuals in a US national cohort study

Author

Sawyer, Russell P., Bennett, Aleena, Blair, Jessica, Molano, Jennifer, Timmerman, Emerlee, Foster, Forrest, Karkoska, Kristine, Hyacinth, Hyacinth I., Manly, Jennifer J., Howard, Virginia J., Petrov, Megan E., Hoffmann, Coles M., Yu, Fang, Demel, Stacie L., Aziz, Yasmin, Hooper, Destiny, Hill, Emily J., Johnson, Jamelle, Pounders, Johnson, and Shatz, Rhonna

Published
2023
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19. Brain Care Score and Neuroimaging Markers of Brain Health in Asymptomatic Middle-Age Persons.

Author

Rivier, Cyprien A., Singh, Sanjula, Senff, Jasper, Tack, Reinier W., Marini, Sandro, Clocchiatti-Tuozzo, Santiago, Shufan Huo, Renedo, Daniela, Papier, Keren, Conroy, Megan, Littlejohns, Thomas J., Chemali, Zeina, Kourkoulis, Christina, Payabvash, Seyedmehdi, Newhouse, Amy, Westover, M. Brandon, Lazar, Ronald M., Pikula, Aleksandra, Ibrahim, Sarah, and Howard, Virginia J.

Published
2024
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20. The predictive validity of a Brain Care Score for late-life depression and a composite outcome of dementia, stroke, and late-life depression: data from the UK Biobank cohort.

Author

Singh, Sanjula D., Rivier, Cyprien A., Papier, Keren, Chemali, Zeina, Gutierrez-Martinez, Leidys, Parodi, Livia, Mayerhofer, Ernst, Senff, Jasper, Clocchiatti-Tuozzo, Santiago, Nunley, Courtney, Newhouse, Amy, An Ouyang, Westover, M. Brandon, Tanzi, Rudolph E., Lazar, Ronald M., Pikula, Aleksandra, Ibrahim, Sarah, Brouwers, H. Bart, Howard, Virginia J., and Howard, George

Subjects
DISEASE risk factors, PROPORTIONAL hazards models, PREDICTIVE validity, DEMENTIA, RISK sharing
Abstract

Introduction: The 21-point Brain Care Score (BCS) is a novel tool designed to motivate individuals and care providers to take action to reduce the risk of stroke and dementia by encouraging lifestyle changes. Given that late-life depression is increasingly recognized to share risk factors with stroke and dementia, and is an important clinical endpoint for brain health, we tested the hypothesis that a higher BCS is associated with a reduced incidence of future depression. Additionally, we examined its association with a brain health composite outcome comprising stroke, dementia, and late-life depression. Methods: The BCS was derived from the United Kingdom Biobank baseline evaluation in participants with complete data on BCS items. Associations of BCS with the risk of subsequent incident late-life depression and the composite brain health outcome were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. These models were adjusted for age at baseline and sex assigned at birth. Results: A total of 363,323 participants were included in this analysis, with a median BCS at baseline of 12 (IQR: 11-14). There were 6,628 incident cases of late-life depression during a median follow-up period of 13 years. Each five-point increase in baseline BCS was associated with a 33% lower risk of incident late-life depression (95% CI: 29%-36%) and a 27% lower risk of the incident composite outcome (95% CI: 24%-30%). Discussion: These data further demonstrate the shared risk factors across depression, dementia, and stroke. The findings suggest that a higher BCS, indicative of healthier lifestyle choices, is significantly associated with a lower incidence of late-life depression and a composite brain health outcome. Additional validation of the BCS is warranted to assess the weighting of its components, its motivational aspects, and its acceptability and adaptability in routine clinical care worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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23. Life‐space mobility and cognitive function: The REasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke (REGARDS) study.

Author

Matsuda, Emiri, Crowe, Michael, Howard, Virginia J., Brown, Cynthia J., Sterling, Madeline R., and Levitan, Emily B.

Subjects
RISK assessment, CROSS-sectional method, INDEPENDENT living, AFRICAN Americans, INCOME, EXECUTIVE function, POPULATION geography, WHITE people, AGE distribution, RACE, NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL tests, CORONARY artery disease, PHYSICAL mobility, EDUCATIONAL attainment, DISEASE risk factors
Abstract

The article presents a study on the association between life-space mobility and cognitive function and examines the role of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk and race in this association. Topics discussed include the method used in the study, and the influence of characteristics that may be diminished in the presence of high ASCVD risk.

Published
2024
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29. Diet pattern may affect fasting insulin in a large sample of black and white adults

Author

Gower, Barbara A., Pearson, Keith, Bush, Nikki, Shikany, James M., Howard, Virginia J., Cohen, Caroline W., and Tison, Stephanie E.

Subjects
Chronic diseases -- Risk factors -- Diet therapy, Insulin resistance -- Risk factors -- Complications and side effects, Diet -- Physiological aspects -- Health aspects, Food/cooking/nutrition, Health
Abstract

Objective Dietary modification of insulin resistance may be a strategy for reducing chronic disease. For this study, we tested the hypothesis that higher fasting insulin, a marker for insulin resistance, would be related to diet patterns with a high proportion of carbohydrates, those with a high glycemic index, and those characterized by added sugar and processed starches. Study design Data were analyzed on 13,528 nondiabetic participants of the REasons for Geographic and Ethnic Differences in Stroke (REGARDS), an observational study of adults aged [greater than or equal to]45 years residing in 1855 counties across the continental USA. Information on habitual diet was collected using the Block 98 Food Frequency Questionnaire. Percent energy from carbohydrate, glycemic index, and glycemic load were determined for each participant, as well as adherence to five established diet patterns. Logistic regression was used to examine associations of baseline diet characteristics with odds for high fasting insulin [quartiles 3 and 4 (median = 98.9 pmol/L) vs. quartile 1], after adjusting for covariates. Result Greater percent carbohydrate, glycemic index, and glycemic load, and adherence to sweets/fat and southern diet patterns, was associated with greater odds for high insulin (P for trend Conclusion In conclusion, diet pattern is associated with fasting insulin. Future studies are needed to determine if diet interventions designed to lower insulin, perhaps based on the patterns identified in this study, can improve risk for chronic disease., Author(s): Barbara A. Gower [sup.1] , Keith Pearson [sup.1] [sup.5] , Nikki Bush [sup.1] , James M. Shikany [sup.2] , Virginia J. Howard [sup.3] , Caroline W. Cohen [sup.1] , [...]

Published
2021
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30. Cytokines, C-Reactive Protein, and Risk of Incident Hypertension in the REGARDS Study.

Author

Plante, Timothy B., Juraschek, Stephen P., Howard, George, Howard, Virginia J., Tracy, Russell P., Olson, Nels C., Judd, Suzanne E., Kamin Mukaz, Debora, Zakai, Neil A., Long, D. Leann, and Cushman, Mary

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a highly prevalent cardiovascular disease risk factor that may be related to inflammation. Whether adverse levels of specific inflammatory cytokines relate to hypertension is unknown. The present study sought to determine whether higher levels of IL (interleukin)-1β, IL-6, TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-α, IFN (interferon)-γ, IL-17A, and CRP (C-reactive protein) are associated with a greater risk of incident hypertension. METHODS: The REGARDS study (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Difference in Stroke) is a prospective cohort study that recruited 30 239 community-dwelling Black and White adults from the contiguous United States in 2003 to 2007 (visit 1), with follow-up 9 years later in 2013 to 2016 (visit 2). We included participants without prevalent hypertension who attended follow-up 9 years later and had available laboratory measures and covariates of interest. Poisson regression estimated the risk ratio of incident hypertension by level of inflammatory biomarkers. RESULTS: Among 1866 included participants (mean [SD] aged of 62 [8] years, 25% Black participants, 55% women), 36% developed hypertension. In fully adjusted models comparing the third to first tertile of each biomarker, there was a greater risk of incident hypertension for higher IL-1β among White (1.24 [95% CI, 1.01–1.53]) but not Black participants (1.01 [95% CI, 0.83–1.23]) and higher TNF-α (1.20 [95% CI, 1.02–1.41]) and IFN-γ (1.22 [95% CI, 1.04–1.42]) among all participants. There was no increased risk with IL-6, IL-17A, or CRP. CONCLUSIONS: Higher levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, representing distinct inflammatory pathways, are elevated in advance of hypertension development. Whether modifying these cytokines will reduce incident hypertension is unknown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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49. Changes in Adiposity and Cognitive Function in Older Adults: The REGARDS Study.

Author

Zhu, Wenfei, Li, Yanbing, Zhao, Chenxi, Howard, Virginia J, Wadley, Virginia G, Judd, Suzanne E, Colabianchi, Natalie, McClure, Leslie A, Hooker, Steven P, and Sun, Yuliang

Subjects
COGNITION disorder risk factors, RESEARCH, MEMORY, EXECUTIVE function, MENTAL orientation, FUNCTIONAL status, AGE distribution, REGRESSION analysis, PSYCHOLOGICAL tests, RISK assessment, WAIST circumference, ATTRIBUTION (Social psychology), DESCRIPTIVE statistics, RESEARCH funding, WHITE people, STATISTICAL correlation, BODY mass index, LOGISTIC regression analysis, ADIPOSE tissues, COGNITION in old age, AFRICAN Americans, OLD age
Abstract

Objectives Adiposity may have a role in the risk of dementia. Fewer studies have focused on the relationship between change in adiposity and cognitive decline. Our study aimed to explore the association between the change in adiposity and cognitive function in Black and White older adults. Methods The participants were 12,204 older adults without cognitive impairment (62.8 ± 8.0 years) in the United States. The percent body mass index change (%BMI change) and percent waist circumference change (%WC change) were measured at 2 in-home visits (first: 2003–2007, second: 2013–2016). Cognitive status was assessed by the Six-Item Screener annually. Memory and executive function were measured by word list learning, MOCA recall and orientation, and letter and animal fluency every 2 years. Logistic regression or linear regression models were used to estimate the relationship between percent change in adiposity and cognitive function. Results After 12.7 ± 1.7 years, a greater decrease in %BMI change or %WC change was significantly associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment. Compared to older adults with −5% ≤ change ≤ 5% from baseline, a significantly higher risk of cognitive impairment and greater loss in memory and executive function were found among those who experienced more than a 10% decline in %BMI change or %WC change. Older adults who experienced a 5%–10% decrease in %BMI change had a higher risk of cognitive impairment and greater loss of memory compared to those with −5% ≤ change ≤ 5%. Discussion A greater decrease in %BMI (>5%) and %WC (>10%) change was associated with greater cognitive loss observed over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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50. Life-Space Mobility: Normative Values From a National Cohort of U.S. Older Adults.

Author

Lo, Alexander X, Wadley, Virginia G, Brown, Cynthia J, Long, D Leann, Crowe, Michael, Howard, Virginia J, and Kennedy, Richard E

Subjects
OLDER people, AGE groups, MOBILITY of older people, PHYSICAL mobility, ACTIVITIES of daily living, RACIAL inequality
Abstract

Background Life-space mobility, which measures the distance, frequency, and independence achieved as individuals move through their community, is one of the most important contributors to healthy aging. The University of Alabama at Birmingham Life-Space Assessment (LSA) is the most commonly used measure of life-space mobility in older adults, yet U.S. national norms for LSA have not previously been reported. This study reports such norms based on age and sex among community-dwelling older adults. Methods A cross-sectional analysis using data from the national REasons for Geographic and Racial Disparities in Stroke cohort study. LSA data were available for 10 118 Black and White participants over age 50, which were grouped by age (in 5-year increments) and sex, weighted for the U.S. national population. Correlations were calculated between LSA and measures of functional and cognitive impairment and physical performance. Results The weighted mean LSA ranged from 102.9 for 50–54-year-old males to 69.5 for males aged 85 and older, and from 102.1 for 50–54-year-old females to 60.1 for females aged 85 and older. LSA was strongly correlated with measures of timed walking, activities of daily living, cognition, depressive symptoms, and quality of life (all p <.001). Conclusions We report U.S. national norms for LSA among community-dwelling Black and White older adults. These norms can serve as a reference tool for determining if clinical and research samples have greater or lesser life-space mobility than typical older adults in the United States for their age and sex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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