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4. Chemotherapy of Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Cell Carcinoma: Monocentric Real-Life Data

Author

Fischer C, Hofmann R, and Hegele A

Subjects
urothelial carcinoma, metastatic urothelial carcinoma, bladder cancer, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Christine Fischer, Rainer Hofmann, Axel Hegele Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center, Marburg, GermanyCorrespondence: Christine FischerDepartment of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Medical Center, Baldingerstraße, Marburg, GermanyEmail Christine.a.m.fischer@gmail.comBackground/Aim: Up to 30% of all patients will present with an advanced or a metastatic stage (mUCC) at the moment of the initial diagnosis of urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder (UCC). We investigated the numbers, the efficacy and toxicity of different chemotherapies for mUCC in daily practice and “real-life” conditions and evaluated them substance-specifically.Patients and Methods: All patients with a mUCC, who were treated between January 1, 2006 and October 31, 2016 at the Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology at University Hospital Marburg (Germany), were retrospectively analyzed. We set the focus on demographic and tumor-specific data as well as on effectiveness, therapy sequences, and drug tolerance.Results: Forty-one patients were identified. Of the 41 patients, 85.4% of the patients in first-line therapy received gemcitabine/cisplatin. A large proportion of 85.4% received a second-line therapy and 40% a third-line therapy due to progress or relapse. Median overall survival (mOS) was 18 months including all patients and increased up to 29.5 months in the cases of three therapy lines.Conclusion: Our data reveal that chemotherapy of mUCC is effective and side effects are manageable in daily clinical practice.Keywords: urothelial carcinoma, metastatic urothelial carcinoma, bladder cancer

Published
2020

6. Sex-related differences in urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder in Germany

Author

Scheller T, Hofmann R, and Hegele A

Subjects
sex, urothelial cancer, NMIBC, bladder cancer, gender, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Thomas Scheller, Rainer Hofmann, Axel Hegele Philipps University Hospital, Department of Urology, Marburg, Germany Background: Urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC), also called transitional cell cancer, occurs significantly more often in males than in females. Essential for the prognosis of recovery is depth of infiltration (muscle-invasive or non-muscle invasive) and tumor-differentiation at initial diagnosis. The current study aimed to explore sex-related differences after initial diagnosis of UCC in Germany.Methods: We identified patients who underwent transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TUR-BT). Data were retrospectively analyzed, including TNM classification, histopathological grading, risk group according to the European Association of Urology (EAU), use of photodynamic diagnosis (PDD), and early intravesical chemotherapy (IVC).Results: A total of 539 male and 190 female patients with UCC underwent TUR-BT. Approximately 75% were non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Females evidenced significantly higher rates of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC; P=0.04). Carcinoma in situ (CIS) was significantly more common among males (P=0.01). Recurrence and progression rates showed no significant sex differences – only in the small subgroup of EAU low-risk NMIBC females, we found a significantly higher progression rate (P=0.03). In a Cox proportional hazards model, we found for MIBC, an HR for progression of 6.5 (95% CI, 1.29–33.2; P=0.02) after a median follow-up of 56 months. Use of PDD or IVC showed no significant differences in recurrence and progression between females and males.Conclusion: Females were significantly more likely to suffer from MIBC at the time of first diagnosis. In NMIBC, males showed a significantly higher prevalence of CIS and EAU low-risk NMIBC females showed significantly higher rates of progression. Sex was not associated with recurrence rates in NMIBC. PDD and IVC were equally effective in both sexes. Based on the collected data we suggest to further investigate possible sex differences in UCC with therapeutical impact. Additional prospective multicenter studies are needed to evaluate both sex-related long-term disease courses and effectiveness of therapies. Keywords: sex, urothelial cancer, NMIBC, bladder cancer, gender, TCC, UCC, UCB

Published
2018

9. Ownership in learning : a sociocultural perspective on pupil engagement, collaboration and agency in the classroom

Author

Hofmann, R. J.

Subjects
370.15
Abstract

The idea of personal involvement and significance in learning, frequently referred to as ‘ownership of learning’, is often taken for granted as something positive and unproblematic that individual learners can ‘have’. Building on a post-Vygotskian perspective, this study asks how we can understand ownership in a way that grounds it in socially embedded notions of learning and agency and in concrete classroom practice. The first part focuses on identifying and examining discourses of ownership in the literature and their theoretical underpinnings and pedagogical implications. It highlights the problematic nature of the dominant individualist notions of ownership focusing on autonomy, choice and self-expression. Alternative notions emphasising in-depth understandings; legitimation of pupils’ own perspectives; lived knowledge; connectedness to collective activities and risk taking are explored. The second part examines the multiple manifestations of learner ownership in practice in a classroom of 10 year olds engaging in a narrative approach to learning. The empirical data consists of repeated, in-depth pupil interviews grounded in participant observations of the learning activity. Pupils’ experiences of learning, collaboration, engagement and agency are studied as discursive ways of making sense of and giving meaning to the learning activity in which pupils participate. Finally, pupils’ perspectives (elicited in the second part) are used as ‘research critics’ of the theoretical discourses of ownership and agency. The detailed analysis shows that, while pupils talk a lot about choice and opportunities for expression, the sense of ‘ownership’ constructed in their experience is not solely about individual autonomy, personalised adaptation or personal voice. Rather pupils seek connectedness and interdependence. The study illustrates the social conditions which can enable classroom learning to become personally significant to children. The analysis brings out the need, and suggests ways in which, to build into classroom learning activity not only opportunities for individual distinction but opportunities for pupils to draw on each other’s thinking and other cultural resource.

Published
2009

12. Teacher Interventions in Small Group Work in Secondary Mathematics and Science Lessons

Author

Hofmann, R. and Mercer, N.

Abstract

Collaborative problem solving, when students work in pairs or small groups on a curriculum-related task, has become an increasingly common feature of classroom education. This paper reports a study of a topic which has received relatively little attention: how teachers can most usefully intervene when students are working in a group, but have encountered some sort of problem. The data used comes from a large-scale interventional study of mathematics and science teaching in secondary schools in south-east England, in which interactions between teachers and students were recorded in their usual classrooms. We identify the typical problem situations which lead to teachers' interventions, and describe the different ways teachers were observed to intervene. We examine the different types of intervention, and consider how effective they are in helping group work proceed in a productive manner. Finally, we offer some conclusions about the practical implications of these findings.

Published
2016
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13. Pedagogic Change by Zambian Primary School Teachers Participating in the OER4Schools Professional Development Programme for One Year

Author

Hennessy, S., Haßler, B., and Hofmann, R.

Abstract

Supporting and upskilling teachers are essential to enhancing the quality of learning in developing contexts -- the focus of Education For All -- yet little evidence exists concerning what kinds of teacher education are actually most effective and what changes in "quality" are desired and feasible. This paper illustrates how a concrete, research-informed school-based, model of professional development in sub-Saharan Africa can address the quality agenda. It reports on a trial of a pioneering, multimedia programme supporting interactive mathematics and science teaching using open educational resources and classroom digital technology, where available. The programme was carefully adapted to the Zambian context and ran weekly for one school year with 12 teachers in a low-resourced primary school. The study examined the impact on teachers' thinking and classroom practices. Data were derived from observations, lesson and workshop recordings, teacher interviews, portfolios and audio diaries. Through a teacher-led workshop approach and trialling new pedagogical strategies, teachers raised their expectations of pupils, adapted to learners' knowledge levels, used more practical and group work, and integrated technology use. Pupils built deeper understanding of subject matter, were actively engaged, worked collaboratively and used digital technologies for problem-solving.

Published
2016
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16. The Enhanced Resolution Imager and Spectrograph for the VLT

Author

Davies, R., Absil, O., Agapito, G., Berbel, A. Agudo, Baruffolo, A., Biliotti, V., Bonaglia, M., Bonse, M., Briguglio, R., Campana, P., Cao, Y., Carbonaro, L., Cortes, A., Cresci, G., Dallilar, Y., Dannert, F., De Rosa, R. J., Deysenroth, M., Di Antonio, I., Di Cianno, A., Di Rico, G., Doelman, D., Dolci, M., Dorn, R., Eisenhauer, F., Esposito, S., Fantinel, D., Ferruzzi, D., Feuchtgruber, H., Finger, G., Schreiber, N. M. Förster, Gao, X., Gemperlein, H., Genzel, R., Gillessen, S., Ginski, C., Glauser, A. M., Glindemann, A., Grani, P., Hartl, M., Hayoz, J., Heida, M., Henry, D., Hofmann, R., Huber, H., Kasper, M., Keller, C., Kenworthy, M., Kravchenko, K., Kuntschner, H., Lacour, S., Lightfoot, J., Lunney, D., Lutz, D., Macintosh, M., Mannucci, F., Marsset, M., Modigliani, A., Neeser, M., de Xivry, G. Orban, Ott, T., Pallanca, L., Patapis, P., Pearson, D., Peña, E., Percheron, I., Puglisi, A., Quanz, S. P., Rabien, S., Rau, C., Riccardi, A., Salasnich, B., Schmid, H. -M., Schubert, J., Serra, B., Shimizu, T., Snik, F., Sturm, E., Tacconi, L., Taylor, W., Valentini, A., Waring, C., Wiezorrek, E., and Xompero, M.

Subjects
FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract

ERIS, the Enhanced Resolution Imager and Spectrograph, is an instrument that both extends and enhances the fundamental diffraction limited imaging and spectroscopy capability for the VLT. It replaces two instruments that were being maintained beyond their operational lifetimes, combines their functionality on a single focus, provides a new wavefront sensing module for natural and laser guide stars that makes use of the Adaptive Optics Facility, and considerably improves on their performance. The observational modes ERIS provides are integral field spectroscopy at 1-2.5 {\mu}m, imaging at 1-5 {\mu}m with several options for high contrast imaging, and longslit spectroscopy at 3-4 {\mu}m, The instrument is installed at the Cassegrain focus of UT4 at the VLT and, following its commissioning during 2022, has been made available to the community., Comment: 20 pages with 29 figures; accepted for A&A (minor changes)

Published
2023

24. Effects of interaction of UV-B radiation and water deficit on phenolic compounds in 'Pinot Noir' fruit

Author

Sun, Meng, Jordan, B., Hofmann, R., and Creasy, G.

Subjects
food and beverages
Abstract

Environmental issues (high UV-B radiation and water deficit) can challenge 'Pinot Noir' growth in New Zealand. The aim of this work is to determine separated and combined UV-B and water deficit effects on phenolic composition of 'Pinot Noir' fruit. In 2016-2017 vintage, two rows of 'Pinot Noir' grapevines in the West Vineyard at Lincoln University were chosen for the study. In comparison to exposure to natural UV-B in the vineyard, the potted vines were put into a glasshouse for the experiments. When berries were directly exposed to UV-B and water deficit, skin anthocyanin and skin total phenolics accumulated to a greater degree in the berry skins. The combined stresses caused larger increases in contents of skin total phenolics than the water deficit in the vineyard and glasshouse. Skin tannin contents were increased by UV-B and water deficit, but there were no consistent changes in seed tannin contents between treatments during ripening and no statistically significant differences between treatments at harvest. This research reported that canopy management (UV-B exposure) interacting with a moderate water deficit may be a good way for vineyard management to increase the accumulation of anthocyanins and tannins in berry skins., VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research, Vol. 61 No. 1 (2022): Vitis

Published
2022
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30. GRAVITY: Astrometry on the galactic center and beyond

Author

Bartko, H., Perrin, G., Brandner, W., Straubmeier, C., Richichi, A., Gillessen, S., Paumard, T., Hippler, S., Eckart, A., Schöller, M., Eisenhauer, F., Haubois, X., Lenzen, R., Rabien, S., Clénet, Y., Ramos, J.R., Thiel, M., Berger, J.P., Baumeister, H., Kellner, S., Cassaing, F., Böhm, A., Hofmann, R., Gendron, E., Klein, R., Dodds-Eden, K., Houairi, K., Hormuth, F., Gräter, A., Kervella, P., Naranjo, V., Genzel, R., Fédou, P., Henning, T., Hamaus, N., Jocou, L., Neumann, U., Haug, M., Lacour, S., Laun, W., Kolmeder, J., Malbet, F., Rohloff, R.-R., Pfuhl, O., Perraut, K., Ziegleder, J., Rouan, D., Rousset, G., Amorim, A., and Lima, J.

Published
2009
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31. Capillarity and active cell movement at mesendoderm translocation in the Xenopus gastrula

Author

Nagel, M., Barua, D., Damm, E., Kashef, J., Hofmann, R., Ershov, A., Cecilia, A., Moosmann, J., Baumbach, T., and Winklbauer, R.

Abstract

During Xenopus gastrulation, leading edge mesendoderm (LEM) advances animally as a wedge-shaped cell mass over the vegetally moving blastocoel roof (BCR). We show that close contact across the BCR-LEM interface correlates with attenuated net advance of the LEM, which is pulled forward by tip cells while the remaining LEM frequently separates from the BCR. Nevertheless, lamellipodia persist on the detached LEM surface. They attach to adjacent LEM cells and depend on PDGF-A, cell-surface fibronectin and cadherin. We argue that active cell motility on the LEM surface prevents adverse capillary effects in the liquid LEM tissue as it moves by being pulled. It counters tissue surface-tension effects with oriented cell movement and bulges the LEM surface out to keep it close to the curved BCR without attaching to it. Proximity to the BCR is necessary, in turn, for the maintenance and orientation of lamellipodia that permit mass cell movement with minimal substratum contact. Together with a similar process in epithelial invagination, vertical telescoping, the cell movement at the LEM surface defines a novel type of cell rearrangement: vertical shearing.

Published
2021

32. Randomized comparison of early supplemental oxygen versus ambient air in patients with confirmed myocardial infarction : Sex-related outcomes from DETO2X-AMI

Author

Alfredsson, J., James, S. K., Erlinge, D., Herlitz, Johan, Fröbert, O., Dworeck, C., Redfors, B., Arefalk, G., Östlund, O., Jernberg, T., Mars, K., Haaga, U., Lindahl, B., Swahn, E., Lawesson, S. S., Hofmann, R., and Investigators, for the DETO2X-SWEDEHEART

Subjects
Male, Time Factors, all cause mortality, medicine.medical_treatment, treatment indication, Myocardial Infarction, clinical outcome, heart failure, population, oxygen therapy, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, law.invention, cause of death, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, hospital readmission, Cause of Death, Oxygen therapy, dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase inhibitor, Cardiac and Cardiovascular Systems, Registries, 030212 general & internal medicine, Myocardial infarction, comparative study, Aged, 80 and over, oxygen supply, Kardiologi, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), adult, Hazard ratio, beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent, Middle Aged, Survival Rate, aged, Treatment Outcome, female, priority journal, Cardiology, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, hospitalization, medicine.medical_specialty, sex difference, Subgroup analysis, Patient Readmission, Article, ticagrelor, 03 medical and health sciences, male, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, follow up, controlled study, human, cardiovascular function, outcome assessment, Aged, Heart Failure, Sweden, clopidogrel, long term care, ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, business.industry, diuretic agent, Oxygen Inhalation Therapy, acetylsalicylic acid, medicine.disease, major clinical study, Confidence interval, oxygen saturation, prasugrel, angiotensin receptor antagonist, acute heart infarction, calcium channel blocking agent, Heart failure, randomized controlled trial, ambient air, incidence, business, oxygen, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Background The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of oxygen therapy on cardiovascular outcomes in relation to sex in patients with confirmed myocardial infarction (MI). Methods The DETermination of the role of Oxygen in suspected Acute Myocardial Infarction trial randomized 6,629 patients to oxygen at 6 L/min for 6-12 hours or ambient air. In the present subgroup analysis including 5,010 patients (1,388 women and 3,622 men) with confirmed MI, we report the effect of supplemental oxygen on the composite of all-cause death, rehospitalization with MI, or heart failure at long-term follow-up, stratified according to sex. Results Event rate for the composite endpoint was 18.1% in women allocated to oxygen, compared to 21.4% in women allocated to ambient air (hazard ratio [HR] 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65-1.05). In men, the incidence was 13.6% in patients allocated to oxygen compared to 13.3% in patients allocated to ambient air (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.86-1.23). No significant interaction in relation to sex was found ( P = .16). Irrespective of allocated treatment, the composite endpoint occurred more often in women compared to men (19.7 vs 13.4%, HR 1.51; 95% CI, 1.30-1.75). After adjustment for age alone, there was no difference between the sexes (HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.91-1.24), which remained consistent after multivariate adjustment. Conclusion Oxygen therapy in normoxemic MI patients did not significantly affect all-cause mortality or rehospitalization for MI or heart failure in women or men. The observed worse outcome in women was explained by differences in baseline characteristics, especially age. (Am Heart J 2021;237:13 & ndash;24.) Funding Agencies|Swedish Research CouncilSwedish Research CouncilEuropean Commission [VR20130307]; Swedish HeartLung FoundationSwedish Heart-Lung Foundation [HLF 2018-0187]; Region Stockholm [K 2017-4577]

Published
2021

39. Performance and reliability of Au and Pt single-layer metal nanocrystal flash memory under nand (FN/FN) operation

Author

Singh, P.K., Hofmann, R., Singh, K.K., Krishna, N., and Mahapatra, S.

Subjects
Complementary metal oxide semiconductors -- Usage, Flash memory -- Evaluation, Gates (Electronics) -- Analysis, Gold -- Electric properties, Gold -- Thermal properties, Platinum -- Electric properties, Flash memory, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

The article studies the performance and dependability of gold (Au) and platinum (Pt) single-layer nanocrystal (NC)-based Flash memory devices for NAND application using CMOS-compatible process flow. Findings reveal that annealing-temperature-dependent gate is practical in Au devices using analytical methods.

Published
2009

42. On the absence of the Gribov copy problem in 'effective locality' QCD calculations

Author

Grandou, T., Hofmann, R., Institut de Physique de Nice (INPHYNI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, J.2, [PHYS.HTHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Theory [hep-th], High Energy Physics::Lattice, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, quantum chromodynamics: nonperturbative, functional methods, FOS: Physical sciences, random matrices, 12.38.Cy, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), invariance: gauge, 46N50, Gribov problem
Abstract

About ten years ago the use of standard functional manipulations was demonstrated to imply an unexpected property satisfied by the fermionic Green's functions of QCD and dubbed effective locality. This feature of QCD is non-perturbative as it results from a full gauge invariant summation of the gluonic degrees of freedom. This astounding result has lead to suspect that in a way or other, the famous Gribov copy problem had been somewhat overlooked. It is argued that it is not so., Comment: 16 pages, no Figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1706.02264

Published
2020

45. Potential side effects of using ammonia to inhibit bromate formation during the ozonation of drinking water

Author

Hofmann, R. and Andrews, R.C.

Subjects
Drinking water -- Production processes -- Chemical properties -- Methods, Ozonization -- Methods -- Chemical properties, Disinfection and disinfectants -- By-products -- Chemical properties -- Methods, Bromates -- Chemical properties -- Production processes -- Methods, Ammonia -- Chemical properties -- Methods -- Production processes, Engineering and manufacturing industries
Abstract

Abstract: This note identifies potential side effects of using ammonia to inhibit bromate formation during the ozonation of drinking water, and makes preliminary predictions of their significance. Based on kinetic [...]

Published
2007

49. UV inactivation of humic-coated bacteriophages MS2 and T4 in water

Author

Templeton, M.R., Hofmann, R., and Andrews, R.C.

Subjects
Humic acid -- Environmental aspects, Ultraviolet radiation -- Usage, Water -- Purification, Water -- Methods, Water -- Analysis, Engineering and manufacturing industries
Abstract

Abstract: This bench-scale study investigated the hypothesis that humic acids may thinly coat the surfaces of viruses (bacteriophages MS2 and T4) and thereby protect them from inactivation by UV light [...]

Published
2006

50. Case study comparisons of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling versus tracer testing for determining clearwell residence times in drinking water treatment

Author

Templeton, M.R., Hofmann, R., and Andrews, R.C.

Subjects
Computational physics -- Usage -- Models -- Analysis, Water -- Purification, Fluid dynamics -- Analysis -- Usage -- Models, Tracers (Chemistry) -- Usage -- Models -- Analysis, Engineering and manufacturing industries
Abstract

Abstract: Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling and full-scale tracer tests (using barium or fluoride) were used to determine the baffle factors of clearwells at three Canadian water treatment facilities (two [...]

Published
2006

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