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1. Representation of genomic intratumor heterogeneity in multi-region non-small cell lung cancer patient-derived xenograft models

Author

Hynds, Robert E., Huebner, Ariana, Pearce, David R., Hill, Mark S., Akarca, Ayse U., Moore, David A., Ward, Sophia, Gowers, Kate H. C., Karasaki, Takahiro, Al Bakir, Maise, Wilson, Gareth A., Pich, Oriol, Martínez-Ruiz, Carlos, Hossain, A. S. Md Mukarram, Pearce, Simon P., Sivakumar, Monica, Ben Aissa, Assma, Grönroos, Eva, Chandrasekharan, Deepak, Kolluri, Krishna K., Towns, Rebecca, Wang, Kaiwen, Cook, Daniel E., Bosshard-Carter, Leticia, Naceur-Lombardelli, Cristina, Rowan, Andrew J., Veeriah, Selvaraju, Litchfield, Kevin, Crosbie, Philip A. J., Dive, Caroline, Quezada, Sergio A., Janes, Sam M., Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam, Marafioti, Teresa, McGranahan, Nicholas, and Swanton, Charles

Published
2024
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3. Author Correction: The evolution of lung cancer and impact of subclonal selection in TRACERx

Author

Frankell, Alexander M., Dietzen, Michelle, Al Bakir, Maise, Lim, Emilia L., Karasaki, Takahiro, Ward, Sophia, Veeriah, Selvaraju, Colliver, Emma, Huebner, Ariana, Bunkum, Abigail, Hill, Mark S., Grigoriadis, Kristiana, Moore, David A., Black, James R. M., Liu, Wing Kin, Thol, Kerstin, Pich, Oriol, Watkins, Thomas B. K., Naceur-Lombardelli, Cristina, Cook, Daniel E., Salgado, Roberto, Wilson, Gareth A., Bailey, Chris, Angelova, Mihaela, Bentham, Robert, Martínez-Ruiz, Carlos, Abbosh, Christopher, Nicholson, Andrew G., Le Quesne, John, Biswas, Dhruva, Rosenthal, Rachel, Puttick, Clare, Hessey, Sonya, Lee, Claudia, Prymas, Paulina, Toncheva, Antonia, Smith, Jon, Xing, Wei, Nicod, Jerome, Price, Gillian, Kerr, Keith M., Naidu, Babu, Middleton, Gary, Blyth, Kevin G., Fennell, Dean A., Forster, Martin D., Lee, Siow Ming, Falzon, Mary, Hewish, Madeleine, Shackcloth, Michael J., Lim, Eric, Benafif, Sarah, Russell, Peter, Boleti, Ekaterini, Krebs, Matthew G., Lester, Jason F., Papadatos-Pastos, Dionysis, Ahmad, Tanya, Thakrar, Ricky M., Lawrence, David, Navani, Neal, Janes, Sam M., Dive, Caroline, Blackhall, Fiona H., Summers, Yvonne, Cave, Judith, Marafioti, Teresa, Herrero, Javier, Quezada, Sergio A., Peggs, Karl S., Schwarz, Roland F., Van Loo, Peter, Miedema, Daniël M., Birkbak, Nicolai J., Hiley, Crispin T., Hackshaw, Allan, Zaccaria, Simone, Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam, McGranahan, Nicholas, and Swanton, Charles

Published
2024
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5. Antibodies against endogenous retroviruses promote lung cancer immunotherapy

Author

Ng, Kevin W., Boumelha, Jesse, Enfield, Katey S. S., Almagro, Jorge, Cha, Hongui, Pich, Oriol, Karasaki, Takahiro, Moore, David A., Salgado, Roberto, Sivakumar, Monica, Young, George, Molina-Arcas, Miriam, de Carné Trécesson, Sophie, Anastasiou, Panayiotis, Fendler, Annika, Au, Lewis, Shepherd, Scott T. C., Martínez-Ruiz, Carlos, Puttick, Clare, Black, James R. M., Watkins, Thomas B. K., Kim, Hyemin, Shim, Seohee, Faulkner, Nikhil, Attig, Jan, Veeriah, Selvaraju, Magno, Neil, Ward, Sophia, Frankell, Alexander M., Al Bakir, Maise, Lim, Emilia L., Hill, Mark S., Wilson, Gareth A., Cook, Daniel E., Birkbak, Nicolai J., Behrens, Axel, Yousaf, Nadia, Popat, Sanjay, Hackshaw, Allan, Hiley, Crispin T., Litchfield, Kevin, McGranahan, Nicholas, Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam, Larkin, James, Lee, Se-Hoon, Turajlic, Samra, Swanton, Charles, Downward, Julian, and Kassiotis, George

Published
2023
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6. The evolution of non-small cell lung cancer metastases in TRACERx

Author

Al Bakir, Maise, Huebner, Ariana, Martínez-Ruiz, Carlos, Grigoriadis, Kristiana, Watkins, Thomas B. K., Pich, Oriol, Moore, David A., Veeriah, Selvaraju, Ward, Sophia, Laycock, Joanne, Johnson, Diana, Rowan, Andrew, Razaq, Maryam, Akther, Mita, Naceur-Lombardelli, Cristina, Prymas, Paulina, Toncheva, Antonia, Hessey, Sonya, Dietzen, Michelle, Colliver, Emma, Frankell, Alexander M., Bunkum, Abigail, Lim, Emilia L., Karasaki, Takahiro, Abbosh, Christopher, Hiley, Crispin T., Hill, Mark S., Cook, Daniel E., Wilson, Gareth A., Salgado, Roberto, Nye, Emma, Stone, Richard Kevin, Fennell, Dean A., Price, Gillian, Kerr, Keith M., Naidu, Babu, Middleton, Gary, Summers, Yvonne, Lindsay, Colin R., Blackhall, Fiona H., Cave, Judith, Blyth, Kevin G., Nair, Arjun, Ahmed, Asia, Taylor, Magali N., Procter, Alexander James, Falzon, Mary, Lawrence, David, Navani, Neal, Thakrar, Ricky M., Janes, Sam M., Papadatos-Pastos, Dionysis, Forster, Martin D., Lee, Siow Ming, Ahmad, Tanya, Quezada, Sergio A., Peggs, Karl S., Van Loo, Peter, Dive, Caroline, Hackshaw, Allan, Birkbak, Nicolai J., Zaccaria, Simone, Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam, McGranahan, Nicholas, and Swanton, Charles

Published
2023
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7. The evolution of lung cancer and impact of subclonal selection in TRACERx

Author

Frankell, Alexander M., Dietzen, Michelle, Al Bakir, Maise, Lim, Emilia L., Karasaki, Takahiro, Ward, Sophia, Veeriah, Selvaraju, Colliver, Emma, Huebner, Ariana, Bunkum, Abigail, Hill, Mark S., Grigoriadis, Kristiana, Moore, David A., Black, James R. M., Liu, Wing Kin, Thol, Kerstin, Pich, Oriol, Watkins, Thomas B. K., Naceur-Lombardelli, Cristina, Cook, Daniel E., Salgado, Roberto, Wilson, Gareth A., Bailey, Chris, Angelova, Mihaela, Bentham, Robert, Martínez-Ruiz, Carlos, Abbosh, Christopher, Nicholson, Andrew G., Le Quesne, John, Biswas, Dhruva, Rosenthal, Rachel, Puttick, Clare, Hessey, Sonya, Lee, Claudia, Prymas, Paulina, Toncheva, Antonia, Smith, Jon, Xing, Wei, Nicod, Jerome, Price, Gillian, Kerr, Keith M., Naidu, Babu, Middleton, Gary, Blyth, Kevin G., Fennell, Dean A., Forster, Martin D., Lee, Siow Ming, Falzon, Mary, Hewish, Madeleine, Shackcloth, Michael J., Lim, Eric, Benafif, Sarah, Russell, Peter, Boleti, Ekaterini, Krebs, Matthew G., Lester, Jason F., Papadatos-Pastos, Dionysis, Ahmad, Tanya, Thakrar, Ricky M., Lawrence, David, Navani, Neal, Janes, Sam M., Dive, Caroline, Blackhall, Fiona H., Summers, Yvonne, Cave, Judith, Marafioti, Teresa, Herrero, Javier, Quezada, Sergio A., Peggs, Karl S., Schwarz, Roland F., Van Loo, Peter, Miedema, Daniël M., Birkbak, Nicolai J., Hiley, Crispin T., Hackshaw, Allan, Zaccaria, Simone, Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam, McGranahan, Nicholas, and Swanton, Charles

Published
2023
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8. Genomic–transcriptomic evolution in lung cancer and metastasis

Author

Martínez-Ruiz, Carlos, Black, James R. M., Puttick, Clare, Hill, Mark S., Demeulemeester, Jonas, Larose Cadieux, Elizabeth, Thol, Kerstin, Jones, Thomas P., Veeriah, Selvaraju, Naceur-Lombardelli, Cristina, Toncheva, Antonia, Prymas, Paulina, Rowan, Andrew, Ward, Sophia, Cubitt, Laura, Athanasopoulou, Foteini, Pich, Oriol, Karasaki, Takahiro, Moore, David A., Salgado, Roberto, Colliver, Emma, Castignani, Carla, Dietzen, Michelle, Huebner, Ariana, Al Bakir, Maise, Tanić, Miljana, Watkins, Thomas B. K., Lim, Emilia L., Al-Rashed, Ali M., Lang, Danny, Clements, James, Cook, Daniel E., Rosenthal, Rachel, Wilson, Gareth A., Frankell, Alexander M., de Carné Trécesson, Sophie, East, Philip, Kanu, Nnennaya, Litchfield, Kevin, Birkbak, Nicolai J., Hackshaw, Allan, Beck, Stephan, Van Loo, Peter, Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam, Swanton, Charles, and McGranahan, Nicholas

Published
2023
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9. Lung adenocarcinoma promotion by air pollutants

Author

Hill, William, Lim, Emilia L., Weeden, Clare E., Lee, Claudia, Augustine, Marcellus, Chen, Kezhong, Kuan, Feng-Che, Marongiu, Fabio, Evans, Jr, Edward J., Moore, David A., Rodrigues, Felipe S., Pich, Oriol, Bakker, Bjorn, Cha, Hongui, Myers, Renelle, van Maldegem, Febe, Boumelha, Jesse, Veeriah, Selvaraju, Rowan, Andrew, Naceur-Lombardelli, Cristina, Karasaki, Takahiro, Sivakumar, Monica, De, Swapnanil, Caswell, Deborah R., Nagano, Ai, Black, James R. M., Martínez-Ruiz, Carlos, Ryu, Min Hyung, Huff, Ryan D., Li, Shijia, Favé, Marie-Julie, Magness, Alastair, Suárez-Bonnet, Alejandro, Priestnall, Simon L., Lüchtenborg, Margreet, Lavelle, Katrina, Pethick, Joanna, Hardy, Steven, McRonald, Fiona E., Lin, Meng-Hung, Troccoli, Clara I., Ghosh, Moumita, Miller, York E., Merrick, Daniel T., Keith, Robert L., Al Bakir, Maise, Bailey, Chris, Hill, Mark S., Saal, Lao H., Chen, Yilun, George, Anthony M., Abbosh, Christopher, Kanu, Nnennaya, Lee, Se-Hoon, McGranahan, Nicholas, Berg, Christine D., Sasieni, Peter, Houlston, Richard, Turnbull, Clare, Lam, Stephen, Awadalla, Philip, Grönroos, Eva, Downward, Julian, Jacks, Tyler, Carlsten, Christopher, Malanchi, Ilaria, Hackshaw, Allan, Litchfield, Kevin, DeGregori, James, Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam, and Swanton, Charles

Published
2023
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10. Evolutionary characterization of lung adenocarcinoma morphology in TRACERx

Author

Karasaki, Takahiro, Moore, David A., Veeriah, Selvaraju, Naceur-Lombardelli, Cristina, Toncheva, Antonia, Magno, Neil, Ward, Sophia, Bakir, Maise Al, Watkins, Thomas B. K., Grigoriadis, Kristiana, Huebner, Ariana, Hill, Mark S., Frankell, Alexander M., Abbosh, Christopher, Puttick, Clare, Zhai, Haoran, Gimeno-Valiente, Francisco, Saghafinia, Sadegh, Kanu, Nnennaya, Dietzen, Michelle, Pich, Oriol, Lim, Emilia L., Martínez-Ruiz, Carlos, Black, James R. M., Biswas, Dhruva, Campbell, Brittany B., Lee, Claudia, Colliver, Emma, Enfield, Katey S. S., Hessey, Sonya, Hiley, Crispin T., Zaccaria, Simone, Litchfield, Kevin, Birkbak, Nicolai J., Cadieux, Elizabeth Larose, Demeulemeester, Jonas, Van Loo, Peter, Adusumilli, Prasad S., Tan, Kay See, Cheema, Waseem, Sanchez-Vega, Francisco, Jones, David R., Rekhtman, Natasha, Travis, William D., Hackshaw, Allan, Marafioti, Teresa, Salgado, Roberto, Le Quesne, John, Nicholson, Andrew G., McGranahan, Nicholas, Swanton, Charles, and Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam

Published
2023
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16. Trifluridine/Tipiracil in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A UK Multicenter Real-world Analysis on Efficacy, Safety, Predictive and Prognostic Factors

Author

Stavraka, Chara, Pouptsis, Athanasios, Synowiec, Alicja, Angelis, Vasileios, Satterthwaite, Liyana, Khan, Sam, Chauhan, Meera, Holden, Chloe, Young, Sally, Karampera, Christina, Martinou, Maria, Mills-Baldock, Tina, Baxter, Mark, Barry, Ainsley, Eccles, Bryony, Iveson, Timothy, Shiu, Kai-Keen, Hill, Mark, Abdel-Raouf, Sherif, Graham, Janet Shirley, Thomas, Anne, and Ross, Paul J.

Published
2021
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17. The genetic basis of sexual antagonism in Drosophila melanogaster

Author

Hill, Mark Stephen, Reuter, M., and Fowler, K.

Subjects
576.8
Abstract

The divergent reproductive roles of males and females generate sexually antagonistic selection, with different trait values favoured in each sex. Responses to these selective pressures are however constrained by the sexes’ shared genome, leading to ’sexual antagonism, where, at a given locus, opposing alleles are favoured in males and females. Sexual antagonism is a taxonomically widespread and evolutionarily important phenomenon, but the identity and characteristics of the genetic loci underlying it remain almost entirely unknown. This thesis combines experimentation, bioinformatics and theory to identify, characterise, and explore the evolution of sexually antagonistic loci. In the introduction (chapter 1), I review the literature and integrate underlying theory and key empirical findings. I then identify the first putative antagonistic variants across the Drosophila melanogaster genome by comparing the sequences of haplotypes with contrasting sex-specific fitness profiles (chapter 2). I find a substantial excess of candidate SNPs, beyond the null expectation, and show that these SNPs are a non-random subset of the genetic variation in the LHM population. In chapter 3, I characterise the functional properties of antagonistic loci using a suite of bioinformatic analyses. Here, a prominent role of gene regulation emerges. I further describe an evolve-and-resequence experiment conducted to investigate the evolution of sexually antagonistic loci under sex-limited selection (chapter 4). Here, I was able to verify a subset of the sexually antagonistic loci identified in chapter 2. In chapter 5, I build a theoretical model to investigate when and where sexually antagonistic alleles invade in gene regulatory cascades. I find sexually antagonistic polymorphism can be displaced to higher levels of the regulatory hierarchy from where it initially arises. In the general discussion (chapter 6), I place these findings into context and provide a perspective on future research prospects.

Published
2017

20. Mind the gap : financing decisions in midcap firms : financing strategy and financing process in replacing standard mezzanine in Germany

Author

Hill, Mark and Pettigrew, Malcolm

Subjects
658, SMEs, midcap firms, financing decisions, finance strategy, 658 General management, HD28 Management. Industrial Management, Business
Abstract

There is still limited knowledge available on how SME and midcap firms perform financing decisions and on what such a decision is based on. The literature revealed that capital structure theories can only partly explain parameters that determine financing decisions, particularly in a bank dominated lending environment like in Germany. Academic research tried to expand towards a broader and more strategic approach regarding a financing strategy and towards behavioural bias of a company's management. Furthermore, existing research tried to identify an interaction between business strategy and financing strategy but failed to identify a causal direction so far. The present research provides a unique research approach to bridge this gap as it introduces a new aspect into the discussion on the decision for a financing instrument and whether a formulated financing strategy is followed. Based on a case study approach that combines manager interviews, document analysis and calculation of key financial ratios, the research explores the management's decision in a specific situation, the refinancing of standard mezzanine. Firms that used standard mezzanine had to perform a decent refinancing decision between the years 2011 and 2014 as there was no exact substitute instrument available in financing markets anymore. The results showed that a financing strategy exists in the cases explored, but elements and form varied across cases. In addition, the cases indicated that behavioural bias on management level might exist, based on identified inefficiencies and delays. However, these inefficiencies cannot be primarily assigned to owner-managers as done by previous research. Furthermore, a causal direction between business strategy and financing strategy could be indicated in the cases investigated. The results led to the development of a financing strategy typology, based on existing types of business strategies that might help to explain financing decisions. A template for a holistic financing strategy has been designed based on the investigations that allows midcap firms to establish and implement their own financing strategy (or adjust their existing strategy). The holistic framework provides core elements and financing principles as well as a prototype financing process that help to avoid the identified inefficiencies in their financing processes.

Published
2016

22. Communication and Idea Transmission across Historical Communities: A Quantitative Analysis of Early Modern Nonconformist Networks.

Author

Hill, Mark J., Vaara, Ville, and Tolonen, Mikko

Subjects
*NATURAL language processing, *SOCIAL network analysis, *HISTORICAL literacy, *DIGITAL humanities, *BOOK industry
Abstract

This essay outlines methodologies for identifying and understanding discourse within and across historical communities. It uses social network analysis and quantitative text analysis to demonstrate, first, how communities of actors with a shared context can be extracted from social networks, and second, that the written works tied to those communities hold distinct linguistic features. To do this, it develops a case study around early modern Quakers within the London book trade. The aim is to use existing historical knowledge and expertise to both validate the methods and offer insights into their future uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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23. Systemic chemotherapy with or without cetuximab in patients with resectable colorectal liver metastasis (New EPOC): long-term results of a multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial

Author

Shablack, Alaaeldin, O'Callaghan, Ann, Moody, (Margaret) Anne, Allen, Alex, Brewster, Alison, Brown, Alison, Mayer, Astrid, Davidson, Brian, Ton, Chan, Wilson, Charles, Lowdell, Charles, Rees, Charlotte, Baughan, Christopher, Barlow, Clare, Purcell, Colin, Smith, David, Tsang, David, Brown, Ewan, Walker, Georgina, Malik, Hassan, Cameron, Iain, Nolan, Luke, Hall, Marcia, Tomlinson, Marjorie, Hill, Mark, Peterson, Mark, Finch-Jones, Meg, Kumar, Nagappan, Karanjia, Nariman, Ali, Nasim, Heaton, Nigel, Ton, Nua Chan, Ross, Paul, Praseedom, Raaj, Thomas, Robert, Clive, Sally, Slater, Sarah, Smith, Sarah, Mudan, Satvinder, Bhattacharya, Satya, Essapen, Sharadah, Raouf, Sherif, Fenwick, Stephen, Cleator, Susan, Diamond, Tom, Potter, Vanessa, Bridgewater, John A, Pugh, Siân A, Maishman, Tom, Eminton, Zina, Mellor, Jane, Whitehead, Amy, Stanton, Louise, Radford, Michael, Corkhill, Andrea, Griffiths, Gareth O, Falk, Stephen, Valle, Juan W, O'Reilly, Derek, Siriwardena, Ajith K, Hornbuckle, Joanne, Rees, Myrddin, Iveson, Timothy J, Hickish, Tamas, Garden, O James, Cunningham, David, Maughan, Timothy S, and Primrose, John N

Published
2020
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26. Founding and re-founding : a problem in Rousseau's political thought and action

Author

Hill, Mark J. and Brockliss, Laurence

Subjects
320.092, Political Philosophy, Political Theory, History of Political Thought, History of Britain and Europe, Eighteenth-Century Britain and Europe, Intellectual History, Philosophy, Modern Western philosophy, Political science, History, Rousseau, enlightenment, eighteenth century, social contract, Europe, Poland, Geneva, Corsica, political thought, constitutions, founding of political societies
Abstract

protein chemistry, unnatural amino acids, chemical biology, proteomicsThe foundation of political societies is a central theme in Rousseau's work. This is no surprise coming from a man who was born into a people who had their own celebrated founder and foundations, and immersed himself in the writings of classical republicans and the quasi-mythical histories of ancient city-states where the heroic lawgiver played an important and legitimate role in political foundations. However, Rousseau's propositional political writings (those written for Geneva, Corsica, and Poland) have been accused of being unsystematic and running the spectrum from conservative and prudent to radical and utopian. It is this seeming incongruence which is the subject of this thesis. In particular, it is argued that this confusion is born out the failure to recognize a systematic distinction between "founding" and "re-founding" political societies in both the history of political thought, and Rousseau's own work (a distinction in Rousseau which has rarely been noted, let alone treated to a study of its own). By recognizing this distinction one can identify two Rousseaus; the conservative and prudent thinker who is wary of making changes to established political systems and constitutional foundations (the re-founder), and the radical democrat fighting for equality, and claiming that no state is legitimate without popular sovereignty (the founder). In demonstrating this distinction, this thesis examines the ancient concept of the lawgiver, the growth and expansion of the idea leading up to the eighteenth century, Rousseau's own philosophic writings on the topic, and the differing political proposals he wrote for Geneva, Corsica, and Poland. The thesis argues that although there is a clear separation between these two types of political proposals, they remain systematically Rousseauvian.

Published
2015

27. Modelling the Reasons for Training Choices: Technical Paper. Support Document

Author

National Centre for Vocational Education Research, Smith, Andrew, Oczkowski, Eddie, and Hill, Mark

Abstract

This report provides the technical details on the modelling aspects of identifying significant drivers for the reasons for using certain types of training and for the choice of training types. The employed data is from the 2005 Survey of Employer Use and Views of the VET system (SEUV). The data has previously been analysed in NCVER (2006). This report focuses on two broad research questions. First, what are the drivers of the reasons (or what explains the reasons) employers cite for using particular training types. Second, what explains the observed choice employers make in choosing between nationally recognised training and unaccredited training. These two research questions are analysed in turn in sections three and four. (Contains 11 tables.) [Funding for this document was provided through the Australian Department of Education, Science and Training. This document was produced by the authors based on their research for the report "Reasons for training: Why Australian employers train their workers," and is an added resource for further information. For the main report, see ED507236.]

Published
2009

28. Reasons for Training: Why Australian Employers Train Their Workers. A National Vocational Education and Training Research and Evaluation Program Report

Author

National Centre for Vocational Education Research, Smith, Andrew, Oczkowski, Eddie, and Hill, Mark

Abstract

Analysing data from the 2005 National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) Survey of Employer Use and Views of the Vocational Education and Training (VET) System, this report looks at the reasons why employers train their workers. Four different types of training are focused on: vocational qualifications; the employment of apprentices and trainees; nationally recognised training; and unaccredited training. The report highlights that there is no simple fix to increasing employer investment in training which has generally not been a core component of long-term business planning. Appendices include: (1) Glossary; and (2) Supporting figures and tables. (Contains 2 footnotes, 9 tables, and 1 figure.) [Funding for this document is provided through the Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations. Additional information relating to this research is available in the support document "Modelling the reasons for training choices: Technical paper." For the support document, see ED507245.]

Published
2009

36. High-resolution μCT of a mouse embryo using a compact laser-driven X-ray betatron source

Author

Cole, Jason M., Symes, Daniel R., Lopes, Nelson C., Wood, Jonathan C., Poder, Kristjan, Alatabi, Saleh, Botchway, Stanley W., Foster, Peta S., Gratton, Sarah, Johnson, Sara, Kamperidis, Christos, Kononenko, Olena, De Lazzari, Michael, Palmer, Charlotte A. J., Rusby, Dean, Sanderson, Jeremy, Sandholzer, Michael, Sarri, Gianluca, Szoke-Kovacs, Zsombor, Teboul, Lydia, Thompson, James M., Warwick, Jonathan R., Westerberg, Henrik, Hill, Mark A., Norris, Dominic P., Mangles, Stuart P. D., and Najmudin, Zulfikar

Published
2018

41. A critical Jungian investigation of student resistance to English in an Emirati university foundation-year programme

Author

Hill, Mark Richard, MacDonald, Malcolm, and Burden, Robert

Subjects
370.15, Jungian psychology, Analytical psychology, student resistance, TESOL, Critical discourse analysis
Abstract

This thesis is directed towards investigating the nature of English language learning in a foundation-year programme in one public university in the United Arab Emirates. The aims of the thesis were based on the need to provide a possible explanation for the significant number of learners achieving low results, or failing their English language courses, in this programme. It was felt that a critical Jungian perspective could help uncover the existence in the Emirati tertiary system of both conscious and unconscious student resistance to English and of, synchronous, discursive forms of linguistic imperialism. This notion was based on findings in the literature, principally in Analytical Psychology, which suggest that the individual psyche is composed of profound and powerful personal and collective unconscious elements as well as critical theory, which maintains that the language classroom cannot be extricated from the influence of surrounding political, or even geopolitical, forces. The thesis sought, through the use of both a critical discourse analysis and critically-oriented case studies, to provide insight into the nature of the dialectical tension believed to exist, in this milieu, between the propagators of the language and those adopting it. The findings provided considerable evidence of a tension operating both at the discursive level and at the psychological level in the use of English in the foundation-year programme. The findings suggested that the discourse presented to learners, from western textbook writers and editors, is heavily Anglo-Saxon in its use of motifs and topics and that there is room, at least on a macrostructural level, to offset this tendency and reconsider the cultural weighting of topical content so as to more appropriately cater to an Arabic and Muslim audience. Also, the primary data revealed that the study’s participants were critical of the use of English as the university’s medium of instruction and there was consensus among them that a significant number of Emirati students, as well as some members of the public, were not receptive to the intrusion of this foreign language into their lives. Critical Discourse Analysis and critical case studies were combined in the shaping of the research methodology and this enabled the researcher to gain an in-depth and qualitative insight into the nature of English propagation and adoption. Key data collected from the research interviews was placed into a Jungian taxonomy and combined with the critical discourse analysis. Upon examination, it provided the researcher with information, supported by relevant literature, that led to a number of recommendations directed, in particular, to language teachers (and publishers) regarding the need to shape discourse to cater to the cultural needs of the learners and to consider the psychological impact that the tertiary English language policy was having on the Arab student body. The thesis strongly maintains that the discursive content of the language materials delivered to such students needs to be more extensively adapted in order to cater to the student body so as to minimize, as much as possible, potential cultural alienation. It also advocates the provision of Jungian psychological counseling in English language programmes because it would encourage policy makers to acknowledge the role of the unconscious in learning as well as provide invaluable support to language learners who are experiencing conscious or unconscious resistance to the English language in such a setting.

Published
2009

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