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Introduction: Increasing use of expensive oral anticancer medicines comes with the downside of a financial and environmental burden, partially caused by unused medication. Returned oral anticancer medicine to the pharmacy could be considered for redispensing providing guaranteed quality. This study aimed to identify and implement quality aspects and criteria for redispensing oral anticancer medicine in daily pharmacy practice. Methods: A systematic analysis was conducted to determine the eligibility of oral anticancer medicine for redispensing. Over a one-year period, the number of returned oral anticancer medicine accepted for redispensing was quantified, and the reduction in financial waste and environmental burden calculated based on this assessment. Results: Four categories of quality aspects were identified for determining the eligibility of oral anticancer medicine for redispensing: Product presentation suitability (stability characteristics, storage requirements), physical condition (unopened or opened secondary or primary packaging, visual appearance), authentication (Falsified Medicines Directive, confirmation of initial dispense, recall), and additional aspects (remaining shelf life, period of storage in uncontrolled conditions). A standardized procedure for redispensing was implemented in daily pharmacy practice. During the study period, 10,415 oral anticancer medicine dose units out of 13,210 returns (79%) were accepted for redispensing. The total value of oral anticancer medicine accepted for redispensing was €483,301, accounting for 0.9% of the total value dispensed during this period. Furthermore, the potential reduction in environmental burden was estimated at 1132.1 g of potent active pharmaceutical ingredient. Conclusions: By implementing strict procedures considering all relevant quality aspects, redispensing of oral anticancer medicine can be successfully implemented into daily pharmacy practice, resulting in a significant reduction in financial waste and environmental burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical educators need to make an effort to catch students being good and recognize them for their positive accomplishments. Unfortunately, it is usually the students who act inappropriately who receive the majority of the teachers' attention. In order to help increase learning and improve performance and behavior, the physical educator must pay attention to all students and provide frequent, positive social reinforcement and constructive feedback. This article describes techniques that can be used to increase the number of opportunities for recognition and student-teacher interactions.

Describes a study that used innovation diffusion theory to investigate the effects of the allocation of computer coordinator work time on student computer use in academic subjects in grade 5 and grade 11. Findings suggest that teacher support is more critical than student support and that effects differ in different grades. (Contains 31 references.)(Author/LRW)

Optimal growth of euhalophytes requires moderate concentrations of salt and, in dicotyledons, is associated with succulence and accumulation of [Na.sup.+] in plant tissues. However, reports of salt-stimulated growth in monocotyledons are rare. Relative growth rate (RGR), biomass accumulation, and water content were studied in Sporobolus virginicus (Poaceae), a [C.sub.4] chloridoid grass, grown hydroponically with different concentrations of NaCl. Cation concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Optimal growth occurred at 100 150 mmol/L NaCl and was not dependent on nitrogen levels or accompanied by accumulation of [Na.sup.+] in leaves. Biomass accumulation and RGR in plants grown at 450 mmol/L NaCl were greater than in plants grown at 5 mmol/ L. The Na : K ratios were lower in leaves than in roots, indicating discrimination in [Na.sup.+] and [K.sup.+] transport. Secretion of [Na.sup.+] increased from 166.5 to 336.7 mmol * [g.sup.-1] dry biomass * [d.sup.-1] as the NaCl concentration of the nutrient solution increased from 125 mmol/L to 450 mmol/L. Water concentrations of leaves and shoots were significantly greater in plants grown at optimal levels of salinity than in plants grown at lower or higher salinities. These results demonstrate salt-stimulated growth in a monocotyledon. Key words: cation accumulation; chloridoid grasses; halophyte; osmotic adjustment; Na : K ratio; [Na.sup.+] secretion; Poaceae; salt-stimulated growth; Sporobolus virginicus.

From the unique perspective of perceptions of the frontline craft, this study examines value convergence between policy makers, managers, and street-level professionals (N = 55). Toxic stereotyping between staff levels, exacerbated by restrictive organizational conditions, are shown to overshadow positive value convergence from socialization processes. In this Dutch prison study, public officials are consistently biased to believe that the management above them prioritizes targets (values that support the organization) over content (values that serve prison inmates). This explains how perceived role and value differences impact the actualization of shared values in public service delivery much more negatively than the actual differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Management of diet-related chronic diseases may benefit from improved nutrition education of medical students. This study aims to investigate the effects of a nutrition education course on nutritional knowledge and intentions towards nutritional counselling in Dutch medical students. Design This is a pre–post intervention study with a comparison group. Participants completed self-reported questionnaires on nutritional knowledge and intentions towards nutritional counselling. Participants In total, 118 medical students (64.4% undergraduate, 73.2% women) were recruited from two medical schools in the Netherlands (n=66 intervention group, n=52 comparison group). Intervention The intervention group completed a 25-hour course in nutritional counselling (the Students Experienced in Lifestyle and Food (SELF) course) in addition to the standard medical curriculum. The comparison group followed the standard medical curriculum. Outcome measures Self-reported nutritional knowledge and intentions towards nutritional counselling, including attitude, self-efficacy and social support. Results Nutritional knowledge (B: 2.42, 95% CI 1.81 to 3.02), attitude in men (B: 0.50, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.87) and self-efficacy (B: 0.78, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.95) significantly increased in the intervention group compared with the comparison group. No significant differences were found for social support (B: 0.20, 95% CI −0.02 to 0.43) and attitude in women (B: 0.08, 95% CI −0.24 to 0.31) between the two groups. Conclusions The SELF course increased medical students’ nutritional knowledge and stimulated their intentions towards nutritional counselling. Future research is needed to evaluate the long-term impact of nutrition education interventions on physician practice patterns and patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perceptions of relation-inferred self-efficacy (RISE) are developed from the interpretation of another's verbal and nonverbal behaviors and have been shown to impact self-efficacy, which, in sport, can influence areas such as an individual's choice to participate and level of enjoyment. This qualitative study identified specific coaching behaviors that high schoolmale athletes use to inform their RISE beliefs. Forty-three high school male student-athletes participated in focus group interviews regarding their high school sport experiences, specifically related to how they perceive various coaching behaviors. Analysis revealed seven major themes: general encouragement, efficacy building statements, instruction, task-oriented statements, challenging opportunities, focused interpersonal attention, and expressiveness. A unique aspect compared to similar studies was the emergence of subthemes related to coaches caring about academic performance or providing opportunities to be a starter or leader on the team. Findings provided support for the tripartite model of efficacy beliefs in that high school athletes were aware and perceptive of different coaching behaviors they personally experienced. There was also a strong desire conveyed by the student-athletes for a personal relationship with their coaches outside of the athletic setting, indicating that coaches should do their best to communicate individually to each athlete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public craftsmanship, as the normative prescription of a myriad of public values, is receiving renewed attention. This study aims at empirical insight into how such abstract principles acquire practical meaning in specific professional settings, and how they are practically facilitated on the shop floor. We use an explorative case study among Dutch prison professionals (N = 32) to contrast perceptions of ideal values and practices with perceptions of institutional facilitation at street level. In the case of prison officers, the institutional context of the prison was found to substantially restrain rather than support the ideals that professionals attach to good street-level craftsmanship. The study's theoretical contribution is to show craftsmanship as uniquely localizing the normative underpinnings of good work. Empirically, the findings show how an unyielding neoliberalist administrative practice can hamper the potential of public craftsmanship and is likely to have negative impact on staff commitment and successful public service delivery. We end with implications for the further examination and development of public craftsmanship in public administration theory and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Mechanical quantitative sensory testing (QST) assesses sensory functioning and detects functional changes in (central) nociceptive processing. It has been hypothesized that these functional changes might be apparent in people with nonspecific low back pain (LBP), although the results are mixed. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to examine whether sensory function, measured with QST, was altered in people with nonspecific LBP. METHODS This systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Six databases were searched for relevant literature. Studies comparing mechanical QST measures involving people with subacute and chronic LBP and healthy controls were included if (1) pressure pain thresholds (PPTs), (2) temporal summation, or (3) conditioned pain modulation were reported. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. When possible, the results from different studies were pooled. RESULTS Twenty-four studies were included. Scores on the Newcastle-Ottawa scale varied between 1 and 6 points. People with nonspecific LBP, compared to healthy controls, had significantly lower PPTs at remote sites and increased temporal summation at the lower back. The PPTs measured at the scapula were significantly lower in patients with nonspecific LBP than in healthy controls (pooled mean difference, 119.2 kPa; 95% confidence interval: 91.8, 146.6 kPa; P<.001). CONCLUSION The PPT measurements at remote body parts were significantly lower in people with nonspecific LBP compared with healthy controls. Temporal summation and conditioned pain modulation measurements had mixed outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapy, level 3a. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Intravenous iron supplementation is widely used to treat iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia when oral iron administration is ineffective or poorly tolerated. Hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) during infusions are rare, but can be life‐threatening. This study aimed to compare the risk for HSRs with the intravenous administration of iron isomaltoside‐1000 and ferric carboxymaltose for the treatment of iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia. Methods: This was a single‐centre cohort study. Nurses and physicians were instructed to fill out an HSR registration form with every administration of intravenous iron. HSRs were distinguished into serious and non‐serious HSRs using the Ring and Messmer classification. Results: HSRs occurred in 18/836 (2.1%) ferric carboxymaltose and 43/496 (8.7%) iron isomaltoside‐1000 administrations. The crude risk for HSRs was 75% lower after ferric carboxymaltose treatment (RR = 0.248, 95% CI: 0.145–0.426, P < 0.0001). The risk for grade II HSRs was 88% lower after ferric carboxymaltoside (RR = 0.123, 95% CI: 0.051–0.294). The likelihood of HSRs was 3.4 times higher after the administration of iron isomaltoside‐1000 (95% CI: 1.910–6.093, P < 0.0001). Regardless of the type of intravenous iron, patients with comorbidities have a factor 3.6 higher risk (95% CI: 1.899–6.739, P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Ferric carboxymaltose is associated with a 75% lower risk for HSRs compared with iron isomaltoside‐1000 in our population. The presence of a comorbidity raises the likelihood of an HSR by a factor of three regardless of the type of intravenous iron infusion. Further research is needed to clarify the underlying mechanism in various patient groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compares the value of time-out and overcorrection as strategies for managing inappropriate behaviors of students in physical education classes. Advantages and disadvantages of time-out in managing behavior of physical education students; Factors to consider when using overcorrection; Effectiveness of the techniques in reducing inappropriate behaviors; Examples of effective overcorrection.

Examines how to transform verbal reprimands in a positive manner. Why verbal reprimands are use to make a student feel guilty; Prevention of the need to use verbal reprimands; General types of verbal reprimand; Examples of inappropriate verbal reprimands; Guidelines for the use of verbal reprimands.