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Anxiety among nursing students documented during the COVID-19 pandemic reflected their fear of contracting infections, adhering to the mandatory use of masks in public, engaging in the new experience of distance learning, having financial problems, and so on. The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of emotional intelligence (EI) on nursing students' coping strategies and anxiety during the pandemic. This cross-sectional correlational study was conducted in a university in Jordan. An online survey was used to obtain data from a sample of 282 nursing students who had returned to on-campus learning during the summer semester of 2019/2020. The survey held four parts: (a) questions about sociodemographics, (b) the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale, (c) the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form (TEIQue-SF), and (d) the Brief-Coping Behavior Questionnaire (Brief-COPE). The results showed that EI had a fully mediating role in the relationship between problem-focused coping strategies and anxiety, and it partially mediated the emotion-focused and avoidant/dysfunctional coping strategies and anxiety relationships. Nursing students who used the problem-focused coping strategies had high levels of EI, and with increasing levels of EI, anxiety levels decreased. Promoting the development of EI among nursing students would enable them to manage their emotions effectively and control their anxiety, particularly in new circumstances such as those that occurred during the COVID 19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nurses with valid and reliable clinical data documentation can make autonomous decisions about their patients' management or treatment options. Purpose: To examine the association of nurses' autonomy and perception toward electronic health records with decision-making. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on a convenience sample size of 120 nurses with six months of clinical experience working in a medical/surgical unit in two hospitals in Amman, the capital of Jordan. Results: Nurses' perceived patient care autonomy scores correlated significantly and positively with their decision-making modes (p < 0.010). Similarly, nurses' perceived unit operation autonomy scores correlated significantly and positively with the nurses' decision-making modes (p < 0.010). Nurses with an analytical decision-making mode reported higher autonomy scores than those with an intuitive decision-making mode (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The study found significant differences in the nurses' levels of autonomy based on their decisionmaking modes. Also, there was a significant association between nurses' autonomy levels and their decision-making modes. Future research is recommended to improve nurses' levels of autonomy to empower and inform their clinical decisions, thus improving patients' clinical outcomes. Implications for Nursing: Future interventional research should be directed to improve the decision-making skills of Jordanian nurses by enhancing their autonomy and control over practice. Also, future qualitative research is recommended to examine perceived nurses' role ambiguity and conflict in Jordan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: This cross-sectional study examined the predictors of negative and positive affect among individuals with dementia. Materials and Methods: A sample of 102 Jordanian participants diagnosed with dementia was recruited from residential care facilities, and data were collected using different measures. Results: The results revealed that higher levels of negative affect were significantly associated with increased physical and verbal agitation among individuals with dementia. Conversely, lower levels of positive affect were associated with residing in a nursing home. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of recognizing the impact of both negative and positive affect on the well-being of individuals with dementia. Interventions targeting the reduction of negative affect and promoting positive affect could alleviate agitation and enhance emotional closeness in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Obesity has been correlated with certain sociodemographic and health variables of patients with coronary artery diseases (CADs). There are seven traditional obesity parameters, which have been used to measure obesity (body mass index [BMI], waist-to-height ratio [WHtR], waist-hip ratio [WHR], body adiposity index [BAI], body shape index [BSI], waist circumference [WC], and hip circumference [HC]). This study aimed to describe the differences in the number of stented coronary arteries based on the aforementioned seven traditional obesity parameters among patients with CADs undergoing cardiac catheterization. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 220 hospitalized patients with CADs undergoing a cardiac catheterization. Data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages, bar graphs presentation, and receiver operating characteristics. Results: Receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that the best cut off point of WC is 95 cm in predicting number of stented coronary arteries with a sensitivity of 76% and a specificity of 68%. BMI had a high sensitivity with the number of stented coronary arteries. The sensitivity values of parameters ranged from 0.45 to 0.92 and the specificity values ranged from 0.25 to 0.68. All traditional obesity parameters except the BSI had a good ability to be highly associated with the number of stented coronary arteries. Conclusions: Healthcare providers, including nurses, should pay a high attention to these obesity parameters while caring of patients with CAD undergoing cardiac catheterization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) has been identified as a serious complication among hospitalized patients and is associated with prolonged hospitalizations and increased costs. The purpose of this study was to examine the knowledge, practices, compliance, and barriers related to ventilator-associated pneumonia among critical care nurses in the eastern Mediterranean region. Methods: The PRISMA guidelines guided this systematic review. Four electronic databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE (via PubMed), SCOPUS, and Web of Science) were used to find studies that were published from 2000 to October 2021. Results: Knowledge of ventilator-associated pneumonia was the highest outcome measure used in 14 of the 23 studies. The review results confirmed that nurses demonstrated low levels of knowledge of ventilator-associated pneumonia, with 11 studies assessing critical care nurses' compliance with and practice with respect to ventilator-associated pneumonia. Overall, the results showed that most sampled nurses had insufficient levels of compliance with and practices related to ventilator-associated pneumonia. The main barriers reported across the reviewed studies were a lack of education (N = 6), shortage of nursing staff (N = 5), lack of policies and protocols (N = 4), and lack of time (N = 4). Conclusions: The review confirmed the need for comprehensive interventions to improve critical care nurses' knowledge, compliance, and practice toward ventilator-associated pneumonia. Nurse managers must address barriers that impact nurses' levels of knowledge, compliance with, and practices related to ventilator-associated pneumonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Obesity has been reported to be associated with frailty and coronary artery disease (CAD).Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the role of the seven traditional obesity parameters body mass index (BMI), waist-height ratio (WHtR), waist-hip ratio (WHR), body adiposity index (BAI), body shape index (BSI), waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC) in the prediction of frailty among CAD patients undergoing cardiac catheterization.Design: A secondary data analysis was conducted. Setting. Three main hospitals were located at the northern and middle regions of Jordan. Participants. 220 hospitalized patients undergoing cardiac catheterization were recruited. Measurements. The traditional obesity parameters were measured using an anthropometric tape and weight scale and frailty was measured using the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI). Data were analyzed using bivariate Pearson's correlation and forward linear regression analysis.Results: Total cholesterol, HC, triglycerides, age, random blood sugar, and WC had significant positive associations with and were predictors of frailty (p < 0.05). The model of the seven predictors explained 32.4% of the variance in frailty (p = 0.02).Conclusion: The incidence of frailty can be predicted by the increase in total cholesterol, HC, triglycerides, age, random blood sugar, and WC. The results of this study may help healthcare providers, including nurses, to identify the factors that could lead to frailty among CAD patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Suffering from both frailty and poverty may have significant negative consequences on older adults' lives. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review to investigate the relationship between frailty and low income among older adults. Methods: This systematic review was guided by the PRISMA guidelines and was aimed at exploring the frailty in older adults with low income and evaluating the robustness of the synthesis. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies published in English between 2008 and 2020 were identified using search terms entered into the following databases: CINAHL, Medline, Google Scholar, and PubMed. Results: Nine articles met the inclusion criteria. This review revealed a positive relationship between frailty and poverty. Such a relationship could be explained through 3 dimensions of the relationship between frailty and poverty among older adults identified based on the findings of the reviewed studies. Discussion/Conclusion: The social life, environmental conditions, and financial issues were positively correlated and coexisted with both frailty and poverty. Frailty should be treated on a holistic basis, considering financial issues. Among these financial issues is poverty, which disrupts older adults' social activities, hinders them from building successful social relationships, and reduces their quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Early assessment and management of patients with sepsis can significantly reduce its high mortality rates and improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Objectives: The purposes of this review are to: (1) explore nurses' knowledge, attitude, practice, and perceived barriers and facilitators related to early recognition and management of sepsis, (2) explore different interventions directed at nurses to improve sepsis management. Methods: A systematic review method according to the PRISMA guidelines was used. An electronic search was conducted in March 2021 on several databases using combinations of keywords. Two researchers independently selected and screened the articles according to the eligibility criteria. Results: Nurses reported an adequate of knowledge in certain areas of sepsis assessment and management in critically ill adult patients. Also, nurses' attitudes toward sepsis assessment and management were positive in general, but they reported some misconceptions regarding antibiotic use for patients with sepsis, and that sepsis was inevitable for critically ill adult patients. Furthermore, nurses reported they either were not well-prepared or confident enough to effectively recognize and promptly manage sepsis. Also, there are different kinds of nurses' perceived barriers and facilitators related to sepsis assessment and management: nurse, patient, physician, and system-related. There are different interventions directed at nurses to help in improving nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and practice of sepsis assessment and management. These interventions include education sessions, simulation, decision support or screening tools for sepsis, and evidence-based treatment protocols/guidelines. Discussion: Our findings could help hospital managers in developing continuous education and staff development training programs on assessing and managing sepsis in critical care patients. Conclusion: Nurses have poor to good knowledge, practices, and attitudes toward sepsis as well as report many barriers related to sepsis management in adult critically ill patients. Despite all education interventions, no study has collectively targeted critical care nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and practice of sepsis management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of prehospital delay is high among older adults with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The current study aimed to examine the associated factors of prehospital delay among patients with ACS during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-sectional study was conducted on a convenience sample of 300 older adults with ACS admitted to the emergency department in Jordan. Data were collected from June I to September 1, 2020. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to explore the predictors of prehospital delay. Being widowed, educational level, pain intensity, the gradual onset of ACS symptoms, symptoms lasting for more than 30 minutes, patients' feeling anxious about their ACS symptoms, patients' perceiving their symptoms to be particularly dangerous, history of myocardial infarction (MI), and mode of transportation were associated with the time taken before seeking emergency care. Significant predictors of time to seek help were chief complaint of chest pain or palpitations, abrupt onset of symptoms, the associated symptom of vertigo, and a higher number of chronic illnesses; they explained about 17.9% of the variance in the time to seek care, The average time to seek care among patients with ACS during the COVID-19 pandemic was found to be longer than the average time reported by studies conducted prior the pandemic. Improved understanding of the associations between prehospital delay is crucial for optimal ACS patient outcomes under the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most serious potential complications post cardiac surgery among patients with diabetes and has a number of adverse health outcomes. The literature shows discrepancies regarding the effect of different glycaemic control protocols on reducing adverse health outcomes including SSIs. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review that investigated the effect of the optimal range of tight glycaemic control protocols using a continuous insulin infusion on reducing the incidence of SSIs in adult patients with diabetes undergoing cardiac surgery. Method: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA statement and guidelines. Search terms were used to identify research studies published between 2000 and 2019 across five key databases, including CINAHL, Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Database and Google Scholar. Results: A total of 12 studies met the review inclusion criteria. The reviewed literature tended to support the implementation of a tight glycaemic control protocol, particularly in the postoperative phase, that demonstrated fewer potential complications associated with cardiac surgery. On the other hand, the literature also supported the application of a moderate glycaemic control protocol in the intraoperative phase to obtain better glycaemic stability with fewer potential complications among those patients with diabetes undergoing cardiac surgery. Conclusion: This analysis concludes that tight glycaemic control is more effective than moderate glycaemic control intraoperatively in terms of glycaemic stability among patients with diabetes undergoing cardiac surgery. Results also emphasised the importance of time-based protocol implementation to ensure better health outcomes and better quality of care for patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Previous research has documented the presence of microbes on healthcare personnel (HCP) attire. This study aimed to explore the bacterial contamination and predictors of Escherichia coli (E coli) growth, as well as, hygiene and handling practices of HCP attire that could influence growth of E coli. Methods: Descriptive, cross‐sectional study was used in this study. Convenience sampling of the 188 HCP was recruited from a main comprehensive hospital in the northern part of Jordan. Three swab samples were collected from three different parts of lab coats used by each participant. The generalised mixed linear model was used for the categorical variables and to identify the predictors of E coli growth on HCP attire. Results: Enterococcus faecalis was the most common species of bacteria found on lab coat. The HCP attire coming from the emergency department (ED) was highlighted with slightly higher contamination of E coli compared with other departments, such as critical care units. Factors associated with significant E coli growth on HCP attire were lab coat use over scrubs and borrowing of lab coats. The predictors of positive E coli growth were working in the ED, storing HCP attire in hospital lockers, believing the transmission of pathogens by HCP attire and carrying attire wrapped around arms. Implications: Hygiene practices and policies, including a washing facility on the hospital premises, are a must to keep the lab coats clean. Conclusion: HCP should be cautious about the method of use and storage of lab coats they wear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intraoperative glycaemic stability and control among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery have been a major concern. The current study aimed to compare the effect of tight glycaemic control and conventional glycaemic control on glycaemic stability and length of stay (LOS) among diabetic patients undergoing CABG surgery. Methods: This study utilised a randomised control trial design among a convenience sample of 144 patients. Participants were randomly assigned to either the tight or conventional glycaemic control groups. The repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and an independent samples t test were used to assess the variations in blood glucose (BG) level and LOS based on insulin therapy type. Results: Patients who received the tight glycaemic control protocol had significantly more consistent and lower mean intraoperative BG levels than did patients who received the conventional glycaemic control protocol. No statistically significant differences in hospital LOS in days were identified between the two groups. Conclusion: Healthcare providers, including physicians and nurses, should consider using tight glycaemic control therapy among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. This may lead to increased BG level consistency and stability and lower mean intraoperative BG level across time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Despitecardiac cachexia being a prevalent health problem among heart failure (HF) patients, it has been given little attention by nursing researchers. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a systematic review that investigates cardiac cachexia among patients with HF. Methodology: A systematic review will be performed according to the PRISMA guidelines to assess the findings of twelve selected studies which meet the inclusion criteria of the systematic review research. The selected articles were published between 2000 and 2020 across three databases: PubMed, CINAHL, and MEDLINE. Results: In comparison to cancer cachexia, cardiac cachexia has been insufficiently studied and is poorly understood. No definitive diagnostic method for cardiac cachexia has been identified in the literature. Age, smoking, and hypertension have been reported to be risk factors for cardiac cachexia. Cardiac cachexia has been significantly associated with lethal structural changes in the heart and has been measured using anthropometric measures and laboratory biomarkers. A combination of pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments has been effectively implemented to manage cardiac cachexia. Conclusion: A focused multidisciplinary approachthat takes culture into consideration is required to set a variety of assessment and interventional strategies for the early detection and proper management of cardiac cachexia. Strengths and Limitations of the Study: Cardiac cachexia is prevalent health problem associated with poor prognosis and adverse health outcomes that include advanced myocardial dysfunction, increased rehospitalization rate, and decreased cost‐effectiveness rate in patients with CHF.A multidisciplinary approach is needed for early detection and effective interventions to successfully manage cardiac cachexia and prevent its devastating pathological consequences.Culture could play a substantial role in incidence and prevalence of cardiac cachexia which necessitate cross‐cultural investigation.Nurses and other health care professionals must be equipped with the necessary knowledge about cardiac cachexia for early detection and effective nursing interventions.More studies are required to enhance the detection and diagnosis of cardiac cachexia, which are important for the better management and survival of patients with cardiac cachexia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Suffering from both frailty and poverty may have significant negative consequences on older adults' lives. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review to investigate the relationship between frailty and low income among older adults. Methods: This systematic review was guided by the PRISMA guidelines and was aimed at exploring the frailty in older adults with low income and evaluating the robustness of the synthesis. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies published in English between 2008 and 2020 were identified using search terms entered into the following databases: CINAHL, Medline, Google Scholar, and PubMed. Results: Nine articles met the inclusion criteria. This review revealed a positive relationship between frailty and poverty. Such a relationship could be explained through 3 dimensions of the relationship between frailty and poverty among older adults identified based on the findings of the reviewed studies. Discussion/Conclusion: The social life, environmental conditions, and financial issues were positively correlated and coexisted with both frailty and poverty. Frailty should be treated on a holistic basis, considering financial issues. Among these financial issues is poverty, which disrupts older adults' social activities, hinders them from building successful social relationships, and reduces their quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Frailty syndrome is characterized by a decline in physiological and psychological reserve and may be associated with poor health outcomes. Objectives: The current study explored frailty and its correlates among cognitively intact community-dwelling older adults. Methods: A secondary analysis of data collected from 109 community-dwelling older adults who are cognitively intact was conducted for the purpose of this study. The Arabic versions of the culturally adapted Tilburg Frailty Indicator, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, the Geriatric Depression Scale, and the Short Form-36 Quality of Life (QOL) survey. Multiple linear regression was used to examine the relationships between frailty and depression. Results: The results indicated a high prevalence of frailty (78%) and depression (38%) among cognitively intact community-dwelling older adults. Frailty was found to be associated with increased age, being single or illiterate, living alone, having a high number of comorbid conditions, having high rate of depression, and having poor QOL. Conclusion: High prevalence of frailty is associated with high depression scores, a high number of comorbid conditions, and poor QOL among cognitively intact community-dwelling older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Psychological and traumatic events may cause disruption to daily life for patients, in particular, older adult patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The present study aimed to identify the prevalence of depression and explore its predictors amongst older adults with ACS seeking emergency care. Methods: Secondary data analysis of cross‐sectional data, using a convenience sample of 300 older adult patients with ACS seeking emergency care, was used in this study. Bivariate and multivariate analyses, including linear regression models, were conducted. Results: The prevalence of depression amongst older adult patients with ACS seeking emergency care was 65.7%. The predictors of depression amongst this cohort of patients were age (t = 3.06, P =.003), frailty (t = 5.77, P <.001), troponin (t = 2.98, P =.003), and hemoglobin alpha 1C (HBA1C) (t = 3.18, P =.002). The model of these predictors explained 56.6% of the variation in the outcome (depression) (Adjusted R2 = 0.566, P =.017). Depression had a significant positive correlation with each intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS) (rho = 0.31, P <.001), hospital LOS (rho = 0.36, P <.001), and frailty (rho = 0.69). Conclusion: Depression rate is high amongst those patients, so healthcare providers (HCPs) should assess those patients for depression and be prepared to intervene accordingly. Depression amongst older adult patients with ACS seeking emergency care necessitates emergency management protocol by HCPs to manage depression amongst this cohort of at‐risk patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Unsuccessful discharge planning (DP) may lead to undesirable health consequences among patients after discharge from the hospital. Purpose: The aims of this study were to assess nurses' knowledge, perception, and practice of DP in acute care settings and identify significant predictors for nurses' practice toward DP. Methods: The study had a descriptive correlational cross-sectional design. Three questionnaires about knowledge, perception, and nurses' activities toward DP were used. Nurses (n = 117) were recruited from 3 Jordanian hospitals. Results: The level of nurses' knowledge toward DP was very low to low. Slightly more than half (52.1%) of nurses had a negative perception toward DP and about 50% had poor practices related to DP. Nurse-topatient ratio and perception of nurses were significant predictors for nurses' practice toward DP. Conclusion: The reinforcement of a positive perception toward DP among nurses working in acute care settings may lead to better health outcomes among patients after discharge from hospital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Studies in the literature have relied on a single instrument to assess stress levels and sources among nursing students in Jordan and in other Arab countries. Thus, there is a need to develop Arabic versions of psychometrically validated instruments for evaluating a wider range of aspects related to stress and stressors. The Higher Education Stress Inventory (HESI) is an instrument used to assess various aspects of stress and stressors related to higher education in different educational settings and among different student populations. To date, no exploratory or confirmatory factor analyses have been conducted to study the factor structure of the Arabic version of the HESI. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the HESI (Arabic-HESI) among nursing students in Jordan. Methods: The structure of the instrument was tested using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and maximum likelihood estimation among a sample of 355 nursing students at five Jordanian universities. Results: The Arabic-HESI proved to have excellent content validity index (CVI = 0.92). The instrument showed good internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.75), as well as for the two emerged factors "challenges" and "dissatisfaction" (Cronbach's α were 0.75, 0.72 respectively). The results support the two-factor model for the Arabic-HESI, as the instrument was found to have robust structure and acceptable goodness-of-fit indices. Conclusion: The Arabic-HESI is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing stress levels and stressors among nursing students in Jordan. Using the shortened version of the HESI to assess stress among nursing students is recommended. Identifying new features of stress and stressors among nursing students in Jordan will enable universities and nursing faculties to better support their students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The present study examines the critical care nurse's knowledge, attitudes, practice (KAP), and decision-making related to early assessment and management of sepsis. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study utilized a convenience sample of 70 nurses working in a college hospital in the northern region of Jordan. Data were gathered employing a sepsis vignette and valid questionnaires via Google document. The nursing decision-making instrument and the knowledge, attitudes, and practice survey were utilized to assess nurses' decision-making skills, knowledge, attitudes, and practice, respectively. Nurses' sociodemographic/professional data, including gender, marital status, experience, education, and work environment, were also measured. Result: The participating nurses reported poor KAP, and analytical decision-making skills related to sepsis management. Experienced nurses and those with a master's degree reported significantly better KAP, and intuitive decision-making skills than naïve and those with a bachelor's degree. Nurses with analytical decisionmaking modes reported higher levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practice than nurses with intuitive or flexible analytical-intuitive decision-making modes. Conclusion: Poor decision-making skills, as well as knowledge, attitudes, and practice related to sepsis assessment and management, is a substantial problem that demands a productive re-evaluation of the current sepsis management practices. Boosting the knowledge and improving the practices on sepsis assessment and management through comprehensive educational programs and campaigns are necessary to improve nurses' decision-making skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ageism and death anxiety are still underrecognized and not well-examined among nursing students despite the high prevalence in nursing education and clinical practice. According to terror management theory (TMT), older adults are a potent reminder of mortality and disability, imposing a sense of death anxiety among nursing students who may exhibit ageist behaviors toward older adults in an attempt to control that sense of death anxiety. This study aims to examine the moderating effect of TMT defense mechanisms on the relationship between death anxiety and ageism among nursing students. This correlational, cross-sectional study used a convenience sample of 371 nursing students and validated tools. Self-esteem was found to be a significant moderator, with higher levels mitigating the impact of death anxiety on ageism. However, symbolic immortality and interpersonal relationships did not significantly moderate this relationship. Enhancing self-esteem among nursing students would reduce death anxiety and associated ageist behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compassion fatigue is a syndrome defined by both mental and physical restlessness. Mindfulness intervention can enhance one's emotions with nonjudgmental awareness and greater consciousness of thoughts and feelings. This study aims to examine the effect of mindfulness intervention on compassion fatigue among nurses. A randomized controlled trial was conducted, recruiting 100 nurses from three hospitals and dividing participants into an intervention and a control group. Increased mindfulness awareness was found in the comparison group in the research. The intervention group's mean burnout level was significantly lower than the comparison group. Age, gender, marital status, household size, and household income were among the sociodemographic factors that significantly correlated with compassion fatigue, which was determined through burnout and secondary traumatic stress. Nurses reported significant levels of compassion fatigue; however, this was significantly decreased through mindfulness intervention., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Biofilm in chronic wounds impedes the wound healing process. Each biofilm has differing characteristics requiring a multifaceted approach for removal while maintaining a surrounding environment conducive to wound healing., Objective: In this study, 3 of the components in a wound cleanser are tested to determine synergy in eradicating biofilms of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro., Materials and Methods: The 3 components assessed for synergy were ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid sodium salts (EDTA), vicinal diols (VD; ethylhexylglycerin and octane-1,2-diol), and polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB). Each component was assessed individually and in combination while dissolved in a base solution. The Calgary assay method was used for biofilm growth and treatment. Kull Equation analysis for synergy was conducted using viable count results., Results: Synergy is defined as the interaction of components to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects. The base solution containing all 3 components (EDTA, VD, and PHMB) reduced biofilm viability by more than 5 logs, demonstrating statistically significant synergy. The 3 components tested individually in the base solution resulted in the following: EDTA did not reduce bacteria viability; VD reduced viability by about 1 log; and PHMB reduced P aeruginosa viability by about 2.5 logs and MRSA viability by about 4 logs. Of importance, the MRSA biofilm failed to regrow in the recovery plates after combined treatment, indicating complete elimination of the biofilm bacteria., Conclusions: The experimental and calculated results indicate the 3 components (VD, EDTA, and PHMB) when used together act synergistically to eradicate MRSA and P aeruginosa biofilms in vitro.