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KSM SAB BAHANA in Ciawi, Bogor is a Community Self-Help Group (KSM) for Clean Water Facilities (SAB) BAHANA located in Kampung Tipar RT 01, RW 04 Ciawi. KSM SAB BAHANA was formed based on Decree Number 36 on December 31, 2019. Currently, there are significant problems in managing clean water services, especially in terms of customer registration and management of financial reports which are still done manually. This condition causes inefficiency and has the potential to cause recording errors. To overcome these challenges, community service is carried out by introducing an Android-based application designed to improve the efficiency and accuracy of financial management. The purpose of this service is to provide a technological solution that facilitates customer registration and management of financial reports effectively. The methods used include data collection, application design, socialization, implementation, evaluation, and ongoing maintenance to ensure the successful implementation of the application. The evaluation results show that 86 percent of the community strongly agree with the use of this application, which confirms that this program has succeeded in helping residents and SAB BAHANA officers manage customer reports and data better and more sustainably.

This study aims to produce diisopropyl ether (DIPE) via isopropanol dehydration using cobalt-phosphate-supported natural zeolite catalysts. The catalytic activities of the zeolite/CoO and zeolite/Co(H2PO4)2 were compared. The as-prepared catalysts were assessed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and N2 adsorption-desorption. Surface acidity was determined using the gravimetric method with pyridine as the probe. The results of this study showed that natural zeolite was favorably impregnated by CoO and Co(H2PO4)2 species. The impregnation process affected the textural and acidic features of the catalysts. The zeolite/Co(H2PO4)2 catalyst with a loading of 8 mEq.g-1 exhibited the highest surface acidity of 1.827 mmol.g-1. This catalyst also promoted the highest catalytic activity towards isopropanol dehydration, with an isopropanol conversion of 66.19%, DIPE selectivity, and yield of 46.72% and 34.99%, respectively. The cobalt phosphate species promoted higher catalytic activity for isopropanol dehydration than the CoO species. This study demonstrated the potential of cobalt phosphate-supported natural zeolite catalysts for DIPE production with adequate performance. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

This study aims to synthesize bentonite/PDA/Fe3O4@CuO composites as a catalyst for the photodegradation of Methylene blue dye. Composite characterization involves X-ray Diffractometry (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with X-ray Energy Dispersion Spectrometry (EDS), UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). Response Surface Methodology (RSM) employs Central Composite Design (CCD) to optimize photodegradation by varying dye concentration, irradiation time, and catalyst dose. The bentonite/PDA/Fe3O4@CuO composites exhibit a saturation magnetization value of 54.82 emu/g and a band gap of 2.1 eV. The optimization revealed that concentration and dose significantly impact the photodegradation efficiency. A quadratic model is suitable for modeling the photodegradation of Methylene blue dye using bentonite/PDA/Fe3O4@CuO composites, as determined by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The optimal conditions for achieving maximum photodegradation efficiency were identified as a dye concentration of 10 mg/L, an exposure time of 90 min, and a catalyst dose of 1.67 g/L. Under these parameters, the photodegradation process exhibited a remarkable efficiency of 100%. The Bentonite/PDA/Fe3O4@CuO composites exhibited strong stability, efficiency, and recyclability. After six photodegradation cycles, there was a 5.18% decrease in photodegradation efficiency. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

In this paper, the catalysts (Nano-HZSM-5 and Fe-La/nano HZSM-5) were prepared with incipient wetness impregnation and applied for hydrocracking of Sunan candlenut oil. The hydrocracking process was conducted in a batch reactor with a pressure of 20-30 bar H2 gas for 2 h under various temperatures. The results demonstrated that hydrocracking of Sunan candlenut oil using nano HZSM-5 and Fe-La/NHZ catalysts could be converted into aromatic hydrocarbons, and the reaction temperature affected hydrocarbon production. The aromatic compounds, such as propyl-benzene, 1-ethyl-3-methylbenzene, heptyl-benzene, 2-ethyl-naphthalene, etc., reached 35.51% over the Fe-La/NHZ_2 catalyst. In all cases, the zeolite-based catalysts are the most suitable to produce aromatic hydrocarbons. Metal impregnated (Fe and La) on nano HZSM-5 catalyst could improve the aromatics compounds due to increased metal and acid sites. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Ultra-low frequency (ULF) geomagnetic analysis is a robust method for earthquake (EQ) forecasting. We conducted a simultaneous study of EQ precursors around the western part of Java Island in 2020 using wavelet transform (WT) and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) methods. ULF geomagnetic data (March to December 2020, 16:00–21:00 UTC or 23.00–04.00 LT) from Lampung Selatan (LPS) geomagnetic station were used to assess the precursors. We analyzed four EQs with an epicenter distance (R) of around 100 km from LPS station and a magnitude (M) greater than 5 Mw. We analyzed changes in the SZ/SG values and α values from the WT and DFA analyses against the threshold (µ±2σ) to identify anomalies related to the EQs. The result showed that SZ/SG anomalies occurred simultaneously with a decrease in α values several weeks prior to probable source EQ when there was a very low geomagnetic activity (Dst ≤ -30 nT). The Mw5.4 (07/07/2020) EQ might be the main source that led to the appearance of the precursor since it had the highest magnitude and KLS values compared to others. The combined WT and DFA results showed anomalies 1.5–13 weeks before the Mw5.4 (07/07/2020) EQ. The results suggest that WT and DFA are suitable methods for detecting EQ precursors but more work is needed to link the precursors to specific EQs.

The phenomenon of domestic violence for women which leads to divorce has increased dramatically since 2020-2022. In fact, acts of domestic violence have never been justified in religious teachings. Therefore, this study aims to explore the phenomenon of domestic violence against women and divorce in 2020-2022 in Indonesia as well as Islamic views on both. This research uses a qualitative approach to the phenomenological method with data sources taken from reports on social media such as Youtube, Instagram, and Facebook about the phenomenon of domestic violence and divorce in 2020-2022. The research process is divided into three stages, namely the orientation stage, the reduction stage, and the selection stage. The results of this study reveal that: First, the phenomenon of domestic violence against women and leading to divorce has increased; in 2020 there were 226,062 cases increasing to 349,635 cases in 2022. From the search results, cases of domestic violence were caused by several factors such as: 1) unstable family economy due to the pandemic situation spanning 2020-2022; 2) jealousy among spouses because of social media, 3) spouse's family interferes too much in household affairs, and; 3) early marriage; Second, Islamic syari'at through the Qur'an and Sunnah condemns acts of domestic violence in the household for any reason according to the demands of QS: 4: 21, QS: 4: 34, and HR. Bukhari No. 4942. The findings of this study indicate that married couples need to be given education on how to navigate the household ship before they get married so that it is not easy to do domestic violence between partners.

This study describes the co-precipitation synthesis of magnetic bentonite-Fe3O4 for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and Congo red pigments under visible light. Bentonite-Fe3O4 composites were produced using the mass ratio of 2:1 and 1:1 for bentonite to Fe3O4, respectively. X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), BET surface area, Vibrating-Sample Magnetometer (VSM), Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and Ultraviolet–Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV DRS) were used to characterize the materials. The bentonite-Fe3O4 (1:1) composite exhibited a greater surface area in comparison to the bentonite-Fe3O4 (2:1) composite with a measured value of 106.6 m2/g. It is a superparamagnetic material with a band gap of 2.25 eV and a saturation magnetization of 69.64 emu/g. The photocatalytic degradation of dye using bentonite-Fe3O4 (1:1) with the initial dye concentration of 25 mg/L, volume of 50 mL, catalyst dose of 0.05 g/L, addition of 3 mL H2O2, and 90 minutes of visible irradiation resulted in 94.34% and 98.45% degradation efficiency of methylene blue and Congo red dyes, respectively. The study determined that the most favorable pH for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue was pH 11, whereas the optimal pH for Congo red was found at pH 5. For methylene blue and Congo red dyes, photocatalytic degradation followed pseudo-first-order with the constant rates of 0.0356 min-1 and 0.0348 min-1, respectively. After five cycles of use in the photocatalytic process, the catalyst's degradation efficiency fell into below 5%. This research demonstrated that catalysts could be utilized in wastewater treatment technology.

Nickel nitride supported on natural bentonite was prepared and tested for hydrocracking Crude Palm Oil (CPO). The catalyst was prepared using the wet impregnation method and various nickel nitride loading. Subsequently, the nickel nitrate-bentonite was calcined and nitrided under H2 steam. The surface acidity of as-synthesized NiN-bentonite was evaluated using the gravimetric pyridine gas. Meanwhile, the physiochemical features of the catalyst were assessed using XRD, FT-IR and SEM-EDX. The results showed that the NiN species was finely dispersed without affecting the bentonite's structure. Furthermore, the co-existence of Ni and N species on EDX analysis suggested the NiN was successfully supported onto the bentonite, while the surface acidity features of raw bentonite were increased to 1.713 mmol pyridine/g at 8 mEq/g of nickel nitride loading. The catalytic activity towards the CPO hydrocracking demonstrated that the surface acidity features affect the CPO conversion, with the highest conversion achieved (84.21%) using NiN-bentonite 8 mEq/g loading. At all nickel nitride loading, the NiN-bentonite could generate up to 81.98–83.47% of bio-kerosene fraction, followed by the bio-gasoline ranging from 13.12–13.9%, and fuel oil ranging from 2.89–4.57%.

Coconut oil mill waste (CMW) contained high free fatty acid (FFA) content which potentially could be converted into a value-added product such as fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). In this study, a montmorillonite-sulfonated carbon catalyst was used to evaluate the kinetic parameter of FFA conversion from CMW into FAME. The characterization of FTIR and SEM-EDX confirmed that the -SO3H groups were successfully incorporated into montmorillonite- carbon catalyst. The highest catalyst acidity (9.4 mmol/g) was achieved by a ratio of montmorillonite to sulfonated carbon of 1:3 % w/w. The kinetic study using montmorillonite-sulfonated carbon 1:3 % w/w showed that the reaction temperature and molar ratio of methanol to FFA (% v/v) were positively correlated to the reaction rate. The highest rate constant of esterification towards the product (k1), reactant (k2), and equilibrium were 0.1187, 0.0595, and 1.995, achieved by a temperature of 80 ˚C, respectively. The Arrhenius constant and activation energy towards the product were 3.3085×106 and 50.3 J/mole, respectively. The reaction temperature was positively correlated to the equilibrium constant, which indicated that the reaction was endothermic. The kinetic model validation revealed that the predicted value from the model was adequately in accordance with the experimental value, as indicated by a high coefficient of determination.

With a rapid increase in various number of marine tourism destinations, especially in The Bunaken National Park with the amount of tourists that has increased throughout the year rising by 23% for domestic tourists and 12% for international tourists between 2002 and 2018. Unfortunately, to enjoy the underwater scenery of The Bunaken National Park can access by diving and snorkeling which is not all tourist can do that. Furthermore, in order to support the marine tourism industry in Indonesia, a semi-submersible tourism ship was developed with a glass at the hull's bottom based on the standard spiral design and the safety standard established by the rules so the tourists can easily enjoy the underwater ecosystem. The concept design of bottom-glass ship with trimaran hull type is offered as a problem-solving in this paper. The final design of the main dimensions are length of overall (LOA): 23,1 meters, width (B): 8 meters, Draft (T): 2.22 meters but the maximum submerged up to 2,5 meters, speed of 10 knots, and passenger capacity of 44 persons.

An organization expects its resources to solve its problems. The main problem faced by an organization is the productivity of its human resources. This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of transformational leadership style, work discipline, and compensation on employee performance through motivation. This research is statistical quantitative research obtained from data collection in research sourced from primary data and secondary data. The population in this study was employees of the Secretariat General of the DPR RI who worked in the Building and Guest House Bureau section, and the number of samples used was 133 people. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires and the analysis technique used was SEM-PLS. The results showed that transformational leadership style, work discipline, compensation, and motivation directly affect employee performance. Motivation mediates the influence of transformational leadership style, work discipline, and compensation on employee performance.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused a lack of attention to treatment of tuberculosis (TB). TB patients who do not adhere to treatment during a pandemic can cause various health problems in various countries. COVID-19 pandemic adversely affects TB patients such as increasing psychological stress, triggering non-adherence to treatment, affecting quality of life, and even increasing the number of deaths of TB patients. The increasing number of deaths and decreasing success of TB treatment during the pandemic are serious problems that must be addressed immediately. Various efforts were made to overcome the barriers for TB treatment during pandemics. Health workers can provide health education and rehabilitation programs in another media such as tele-health. Digital media can provide health information about TB, improve medication adherence, emphasize the benefits of medication adherence, and motivate patients to undergo treatment.

Puspa wood sawdust and sugarcane bagasse are abundantly available but have low carbon content and nutrients. The carbon content and nutrients could be increased by converting biomass into biochar through pyrolysis. The independent variables of pyrolysis were essential to investigate because those inherently influence biochar quality. In this study, the effect of pyrolysis temperature (300, 350, 400, 450, and 500 ˚C) and time (30, 60, 90 mins) on the biochar characteristic such as pH, yield, and proximate compositions were determined. The total nitrogen, P2O5, and K2O content at optimum condition biochar were also investigated. The data analysis showed that the pyrolysis temperature and time increment positively correlated to the pH, ash content, and carbon content. At the same time, the yield and volatile matter were vice versa. Both biochar's optimum pyrolysis temperature and time were achieved at 500 and 90 minutes. The carbon content and nutrient of biochar were also increased compared to the biomass. The pyrolysis method has enhanced biomass quality, and the biochar may be used as a growing media and soil amendment. It can be concluded that the sugarcane bagasse biochar was more likely favorable than puspa wood sawdust biochar due to its higher fixed carbon and nutrient content

Introduction: Corona Virus Infection Disease (COVID-19) refers to the infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Most of COVID-19 survivors have residual symptoms after being discharged from the hospital, it then leads to the decreased lung function and quality of life (QoL). Pulmonary rehabilitation is essential because it can reduce the impact of these sequelae. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation in improving lung function among adult patients of COVID-19 survivors. Methods: This study was conducted using 5 databases, namely: CINAHL, PubMed, SAGE, Science Direct, and Scopus from 1 April 2020 to 30 September 2021. The combination of keywords used was: "Pulmonary Rehabilitation", “Pulmonary Function", and "Post-COVID-19". In assessing the bias and methodological quality of the articles obtained, this study used the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist tools. Results: From 678 articles, 11 research articles met the criteria. Pulmonary rehabilitation performed in post-COVID-19 patients included the provision of aerobic exercise, breathing exercises, strength training, balance exercises, relaxation, occupational therapy, psychological support, and nutrition consultation. Lung rehabilitation mainly was performed two sessions a week for 3-8 weeks with different proportions for each patient according to clinical conditions and ability limits. Spirometry and the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) revealed that patients who completed the pulmonary rehabilitation program experienced improvements in their lung function. Conclusion: Comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation programs under supervision and psychotherapists are the right choice in improving lung function among COVID-19 survivor adult patients.

Entisol has poor physical, chemical, and biological properties that limit the growth and yield of maize. This study aimed to obtain the correct dose of vermicompost to increase the growth and yield of maize on Entisols. The research was arranged using Randomized Block Design, consisted of 7 treatment doses of vermicompost fertilizer (0; 2.5; 5; 7.5; 10; 12.5; and 15 Mg ha-1 and 4 re;plications. The results showed that the dose of vermicompost significantly affected the growth and yield of maize in coastal entisol soils. The dose of 10 Mg ha-1 was the best on plant height, leaf number, fresh weight, plant dry weight, shoot fresh weight, fresh root weight, and shoot and root dry weight. Meanwhile, the dose of 12.5 Mg ha-1 produced the best maize yields for the fresh weight of husked ear per plant, fresh weight of unhusked ear per plant, and dry grain weight per plant, namely, 322.75 g, 286.66 g, and 173.4 g, respectively. The best results of fresh weight of husked ear per plot, fresh weight of unhusked ear per plot, and dry grain weight per plot were achieved by vermicomposting of 15 Mg ha-1, which were 11.28 kg, 9.72 kg, and 5.94 kg, respectively. Keywords: coastal, Entisol, maize, vermicompost, yield

Autonomous is the individual capacity to take responsibility for their own learning activities. Autonomous learning adapted learning method that learners use to obtain their own learning needs and goals, determine the most current learning method, and assess learning activity. This research aims at identifying students’ autonomous learning strategies in academic speaking class. There were 20 students from the English Education Department were involved to gather the data. This study employed a quantitative approach in order to get the data. The data were taken by using a questionnaire. The result shows that the general description of the students of the English Education Department at Universitas Muhammadiyah Sorong was not included a specific description of how the students employed the autonomous learning strategy for learning particularly in academic speaking. The researcher found two kinds of autonomous learning strategies which were metacognitive strategy and social mediation strategy.

This study aims to analyze the effect of the financial health of Indonesian commercial banks on financial performance with good corporate governance as an intervening variable. This study utilizes the risk-based bank rating (RBBR) method with secondary data by examining annual reports of 41 commercial banks taken as samples for the period from 2014 to 2019. The ratios used in this study are Non-Performing Loans (NPL), Loan Deposit Ratio (LDR), Net Interest Margin (NIM), and Operating Efficiency Ratio (OER), Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Return on Assets (ROA) and Good Corporate Governance (GCG). The results showed that NIM had a direct positive and significant effect on ROA, while OER had a negative and significant effect on ROA, as hypothesized. Direct testing of GCG shows a negative and significant effect of NPL and OER, as well as a positive and significant effect of NIM. Furthermore, indirect testing with intervening variables shows that GCG is able to mediate the relationship between NPL and OER on the financial performance of conventional banks in Indonesia. In addition, GCG is also empirically proven to strengthen the positive and significant effect of NIM on ROA. This finding underscores the importance of good corporate governance in improving the financial health of commercial banks in Indonesia. In addition, the results theoretically would imply for the relevance of investigations regarding governance mechanisms and moral ethics as the domains of strategic issues of corporate governance.

The concept of problem solving on financing in the Fatwa of DSN-MUI No. 49/DSN-MUI/II/2005 regarding the conversion of the murabaha contract, it is different from the developed concept by the Fukaha. In the fatwa, the settlement of problematic murabaha financing can be done by rescheduling, reconditioning and restructuring. Meanwhile, fukaha saw the settlement of problematic financing can be done with two contracts, namely sulh and taflis. This research is library research, a form of research whose data sources are obtained from the library. The approach to this research uses a normative juridical method. The primary data source in this study is the DSN fatwa No. 49/DSN-MUI/II/2005 concerning the conversion of murabaha contracts. The results show that based on the perspective of Islamic law, the settlement of problematic financing based on the fatwa of the National Sharia Council No. 49/SSN-MUI/II/2005 on the conversion of murabaha contracts and some Fiqh opinions are not contradictory. Dispute resolution in the DSN-MUI fatwa in principle combines the techniques contained in akd sulh and taflis.

Rumah Kost Hj. Gaby is one of the many boarding houses for rent around industrial areas and offices in the Tg. Priok area, North Jakarta. This boarding house still uses a board in front of the house to indicate that the house is rented out for boarding. This method is less effective in promoting the boarding house because prospective tenants must accidentally pass and see the promotion board. The down payment for boarding and monthly rent still has to meet directly with the owner of the boarding house so that it requires special time. The boarding rental information system that is designed is expected to help prospective tenants or tenants to make more practical order and payment transactions, in addition to helping boarding owners tidy up their boarding room rental management The methods used in this research are: interviews, observation, and literacy studies for data collection. Meanwhile, the model used for software development uses the Rapid Application Development Model (RAD). The results of this study are expected to assist boarding owners in promoting their boarding houses and also provide a more effective way of conducting transactions related to the boarding houses.

The low quality of Entisol is caused by low availability of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium as well as low soil pH, so the addition of vermicompost is necessary. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of vermicompost application on soil quality and to obtain the highest vermicompost dosage on the availability of nutrients such as N, P, K, and the yield of corn. The field experiment used a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with 7 dosages of vermicompost and three replications. The treatments were V0 = 0; V1 = 5; V2 = 10; V3 = 15; V4 = 20; V5 = 25; V6 = 30 Mg ha-1. Variables observed consisted of 1) initial soil and vermicompost characterization analysis, 2) soil analysis and N, P, and K content in leaves, and yield of corn. The results showed that Entisol was classified as low quality; however, vermicompost quality complied with the requirements of quality organic fertilizer. The experiment also indicated that the highest pH of Entisol (5.31) and K content in corn leaves (2.12%) were obtained at a dose of vermicompost 25 Mg ha-1. Meanwhile, the highest weight of husked corn cobs (415.55 g plant-1) and weight of unhusked corn cob (351.11 g plant-1) were obtained at a vermicompost dose of 15 Mg ha-1.

As a green city, Surabaya had been developing a program of an environmentally friendly concept in almost all sectors. One of the developed sectors with this concept is the tourism area around the Kalimas river. Tour by riding a small passenger leisure boat is the most favorite recreational option. The leisure boat designs with environmentally friendly solar-powered concepts were developed, but regarding PV power and battery capacity determination, almost all designs are not optimal. This research is aimed to obtain the optimal PV power and battery capacity by calculating the number of PV panels and batteries with minimum cost. A Linear programming approach by Simplex method is applied in the optimization calculation. The results show that the number of the battery of the previous design can be reduced from 4 (four) units (20 kWh) becomes 3 (three) units (15 kWh) and the number of PV panels are still the same number with the previous one, i.e., 7 (seven) units (2,24 kW). The optimum system cost is around 264 million rupiahs, which means that the cost is reducing around 81 million rupiahs or 24%.

Pendahuluan: Bencana alam dapat mempengaruhi kesejahteraan psikologis dan kesehatan mental orang. Jika anak tidak memiliki ketahanan yang baik, mereka akan dipengaruhi oleh peristiwa traumatis yang awalnya menunjukkan fenomena reaktif, sehingga mereka dapat melanjutkan dan mengarah pada gangguan psikologis. Tujuan penelitian yaitu menggambarkan resiliensi anak usia sekolah pasca bencana gunung kelud. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Sampel dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Total sampel adalah 56 responden. Variabel independen adalah resiliensi. Variabel dependen adalah bencana gunung kelud. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji statistic chi-square. Hasil: Secara umum kemampuan resliensi anak usia sekolah pasca bencana gunung kelud di SD Negeri Penataran 02 menunjukkan kemampuan yang baik pada aspek pengendalian impuls, analisis kausal, self-efficacy, empati, dan optimis, sedangkan kemampuan yang tergolong rendah adalah regulasi emosi dan reaching out. Kesimpulan: Ketahanan dapat ditingkatkan melalui perubahan regulasi emosi, kontrol impuls, analisis kausal, self-efficacy, optimisme, empati, dan peningkatan kemampuan positif. Bagi peneliti selanjutnya, diharapkan untuk fokus pada faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi ketahanan anak. Kata Kunci: ketahanan; sekolah; anak-anak; bencana.

The rice husk has the potential to be used for converting agricultural wastes into renewable energy. Therefore, this study aims to improve the hydrolysis of rice husk through Hydrogen Peroxide (HP) and Combined Hydrogen Peroxide–Aqueous Ammonia (CHPA) pretreatments. The removal of lignin from rice husks was determined using SEM–EDS examination of the samples. At a specific concentration of H2O2, (CHPA) pretreatment eliminated a significantly larger amount of lignin from biomass. The percentage of lignin removal of HP varied from 48.25 to 66.50, while CHPA ranged from 72.22 to 85.73. Hence, the use of batch kinetics of lignin removal of both pretreatments is recommended, where the kinetic parameters are determined by fitting the experimental data. Based on the results, the activation energies for HP and CHPA pretreatments were 9.96 and 7.44 kJ/mol, which showed that the24 model is appropriate for the experimental data. The increase in temperatures also led to a higher pretreatment value, indicating their positive correlation. Meanwhile, CHPA pretreatment was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis of 6% enzyme loading for the production of 6.58 g glucose/L at 25 h.

The Matraman Sub-district Health Center, which was established on July 3, 1977 in DKI Jakarta, is one of the puskesmas that always records and searches its patient data in Medical Records. This Puskesmas requires a Medical Record Information System so that the recording of the patient's medical history can be stored and arranged in a good mechanism. The development of the patient data collection system in Medical Records uses the Waterfall method in developing the software. While the process of collecting data by conducting interviews with the relevant parts. Depictions of the running system can be seen in the form of Activity Diagrams and proposed systems can be seen in the Use Case Diagram, ERD and LRS. Research produces a Medical Record Information System that helps related parts in recording and searching for patient data needed quickly and precisely so that medical action can be done immediately.

Landing Craft Utility (LCU) mempunyai peranan yang penting bagi Tentara Nasional Angkatan Laut (TNI-AL) digunakan sebagai kapal amphibious mendaratkan: pasukan, logistik dan kendaraan. Desain LCU TNI-AL mengunakan metode optimasi belum pernah dilakukan, desain kapal umumnya menggunakan metode spiral design yang berlangsung beberapa putaran secara manual yang membutuhkan waktu yang lama dan seringkali tidak mencapai hasil yang optimal. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut dalam makalah ini digunakan metode Non Linier Constrains Optimization sehingga perlu satu putaran untuk menyelesaikannya yaitu pada tahap preliminary design. Pemodelan optimasinya dilibatkan ukuran utama dan hull form secara bersamaan sehingga tidak diperlukan pembuatan lines plan. Variables yang dicari adalah ukuran utama dan propulsi kapal; constrains adalah ukuran utama, rasio ukuran utama, stabilitas dan propulsi; objective functions adalah meminimalkan biaya pembanguan. Dari hasil perhitungan didapatkan Landing Craft Utility yang optimal adalah: bentuk round bilge, Lpp=46,76m, B=9,63m, T=2,56m, H=4,63m, dan Vs= 11knot.

A social movement is a collective opposing way established by plenty of communitiesl which have the same goals and aspirations in terms with a continuity interaction with the state. A social movement is a way considered effective in gaining the goal by mobilizing the supports and the resources, both economic or political resources. The success of a social movement is supported by a leadership factor in that movement and movement organisation by determining effective ways to get the collective goals. A social movement in a society is a manifestation from unsatisfaction toward the central goverment and natural resources exploitation or the economy of Riau people without taking notice of the existention and the continuity of Riau local people

It has been prepared Co, Mo and Co/Mo-Al2O3-pillared montmorillonite catalysts using montmorillonite clay as raw material. The structure and porosity of the catalysts were determined using N2 adsorption-desorption and FT-IR spectroscopy analysis methods. Isopropyl benzene cracking using these catalysts were used to test the catalytic activity and performance of Co, Mo and Co/Mo-Al2O3-pillared montmorillonites. Characterization results showed that pillarization resulted in the increase of the total pore volume and specific surface area of the clay. Meanwhile, transition metals (Co, Mo and Co/Mo) loaded on Al2O3-pillared monmorillonites could increase the catalytic activity of the catalysts for isopropyl benzene cracking significantly. Keywords: pillared monmorillonite, isopropyl benzene and cracking catalyst

A floating dock is a type of pontoon for dry docking ships, possessing floodable buoyancy chambers. The Floating docks have more advantages than the other type of ship docking for maintenance. The purpose of the research study is to design and calculate of spud housing construction for floating dock. The spud housing is used to keep of floating dock in the safe condition. Mild steel material is used to construction of spud housing with yield point 235 x 106 N/m2. Design calculations were done by finite element analysis (FEA). The minimum stress is 1042.36 N/m2 and minimum deflection is 0.447 mm. The maximum stress is 0.142 x 109 N/m2 and maximum deflection is 4.019 mm. The maximum stress is not more than yield point of material.

This research aims to transform crude palm oil (CPO) into biofuels through a catalytic hydrocracking method using a SiO2–ZrN catalyst prepared by the chelate-assisted EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), denoted as SiO2–ZrN2 and KHP (potassium hydrogen phthalate), denoted as SiO2–ZrN3 catalysts, respectively. The as-prepared catalysts were characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDX mapping, PSA, gravimetric acidity analysis, and N2 adsorption–desorption. The transformation of SiO2–Zr to SiO2–ZrN through the nitriding treatment was able to change the particle size distribution of the catalyst from heterogeneous to homogeneous, as well as enhance the acidity the acidity and textural features with a highly dispersed ZrN on the silica. CPO hydrocracking test revealed that SiO2–ZrN prepared by chelate-assisted EDTA and KHP achieved high catalytic activity towards CPO hydroconversion followed by high liquid and low coke formation with an adequate stability performance. SiO2–ZrN successfully suppressed the formation of long-chain into short-chain hydrocarbon. Both SiO2–ZrN2 and SiO2–ZrN3 each exhibited a high fraction towards aviation fuel compared to parent SiO2 and SiO2–Zr. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reported the result of investigation washback on students learning and motivation along Reading subject as a test for EFL learners. Two main aspects were studied: students' perception of the exam (attitude, content, methodology, course, and preparation) and student perceived to their motivation. A mixed-methods approach utilized to address the issue. Descriptive and frequency scale used to analyze quantitative data obtained from surveying 120 students. For qualitative, the data analysis elicited from observations of two classes and interviews with 12 students as representatives of four levels. The study found that students expressed positive rather than negative washback to both variables (i.e., learning and motivation) toward the exam. Findings indicated that the subject meets their needs and the test appropriate to measure their achievement goals. However, high-stakes testing still has leftover doubt feeling in preparation. Otherwise, the motivation, which covered content, methodology, and attitude, indicated, there is a positive attitude that affects students' development, and it brings students to get an optimal point on the test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research, biodiesel production from waste cooking oil (WCO), was conducted using a montmorillonite-sulfonated carbon catalyst from molasses. The biodiesel product would be blended with diesel fuel with various volume variations to see its fuel properties. The catalyst was assessed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm, and acidity analysis using the titration method. The effect of the weight ratio of montmorillonite to sulfonated carbon was also evaluated. The process of esterification reaction was optimized using the response surface methodology with a central composite design (RSM-CCD). The study showed that the weight ratio of montmorillonite to sulfonated carbon of 1:3 generated the highest acidity of 9.79 mmol/g with a prominent enhanced surface area and was further employed to optimize the esterification reaction. The optimum condition was obtained at a reaction temperature of 78.12°C, catalyst weight of 2.98 g, and reaction time of 118.27 with an FFA conversion of 74.101%. The optimum condition for the mixture of FAME and diesel fuel was achieved at the composition of the B20 blend, which met the FAME standard. The reusability study revealed that the catalyst had adequate stability at three consecutive runs, with a reduced performance was 18.60%. The reduction of FFA conversion was due to the leaching of the catalyst's active site. This study disclosed that the FAME generated from the esterification of FFA on WCO-catalyzed montmorillonitesulfonated carbon had a promising option as biodiesel blends for increasing the quality of commercial diesel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acid mine drainage (AMD) has the characteristics of high heavy metal ion content and low pH. This study aimed to synthesize the CaO/Fe3O4 composite for the adsorption of iron and manganese ions from acid mine drainage. CaO was synthesized from the shells of green mussels (Perna viridis). The CaO/Fe3O4 composites were characterized using XRD, BET surface area, SEM-EDS, and VSM. The functional groups of the composite before and after adsorption were analyzed using FTIR. The adsorption of Fe(II), Fe(III), and Mn(II) ions was carried out with the batch method to determine the effect of pH, contact time, and initial concentration of metal ions. The CaO/Fe3O4 composite has magnetic properties, as indicated by the saturation magnetization value of 65.49 emu/g. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to describe the adsorption isotherm of the composite for Fe(II), Fe(III), and Mn(II) ions. Investigations were also conducted on adsorption kinetics, including pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order, as well as adsorption thermodynamics comprising free energy, enthalpy, and entropy. Pseudofirst-order and Langmuir isotherms are suitable to describe the adsorption of Fe(II), Fe(III), and Mn(II) ions with adsorption capacities of Fe(III) > Fe(II) > Mn(II). Moreover, the adsorption of all ions using the composite occurred spontaneously. The removal effectiveness for Fe and Mn ions from AMD using CaO/Fe3O4 composite, reached 90.41 and 97.59%, respectively, in volume 100 mL AMD, composite mass 0.4 g, and a contact time of 60 minutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zr-containing SiO2 and their parent catalysts were fabricated with different methods using EDTA chelation and template-assist. The activity of the catalysts was explored in crude palm oil (CPO) hydrocracking, conducted under a continuous system micro-cylindrical reactor. The conversion features and the selectivity towards biofuel products were also examined. The physicochemical of catalysts, such as structure phase, functional groups, surface morphologies, acidity features, and particle size, were investigated. The study showed that the template method promoted the crystalline porous catalysts, whereas the chelate method initiated the non-porous structure. The catalysts' acidity features of SiO2 and SiO2/Zr were affected by the preparation, which revealed that the EDTA chelate-assisted method provided higher acidity features compared with the template method. The CPO hydrocracking study showed that the SiO2/Zr-CEDTA provided the highest catalytic activity towards the hydrocracking process, with 87.37% of conversion attained with 66.29%.wt of liquid product. This catalyst exhibited selectivity towards bio-jet (36.88%), bio-diesel (31.43%), and bio-gasoline (26.80%). The reusability study revealed that the SiO2/Zr-CEDTA had better stability towards CPO conversion compared with SiO2/Zr-CEDTA, with a low decrease in catalyst performance at three consecutive runs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]