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Nasrul Wathoni,1,* Cecep Suhandi,1,* Khaled M Elamin,2,* Ronny Lesmana,3,4,* Nurhasni Hasan,5,* Ahmed Fouad Abdelwahab Mohammed,6,* Ali El-Rayyes,7,* Gofarana Wilar8,* 1Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia; 2Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan; 3Physiology Division, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 4Biological Activity Division, Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 5Department of Pharmacy Science and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, 90245, Indonesia; 6Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt; 7Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia; 8Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Nasrul Wathoni, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia, Tel +62-22-842-888-888, Email nasrul@unpad.ac.idAbstract: The current treatments for wound healing still exhibit drawbacks due to limited availability at the action sites, susceptibility to degradation, and immediate drug release, all of which are detrimental in chronic conditions. Nano-modification strategies, offering various advantages that can enhance the physicochemical properties of drugs, have been employed in efforts to maximize the efficacy of wound healing medications. Nowadays, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) provide drug delivery capabilities that can safeguard active compounds from environmental influences and enable controlled release profiles. Consequently, NLCs are considered an alternative therapy to address the challenges encountered in wound treatment. This review delves into the application of NLCs in drug delivery for wound healing, encompassing discussions on their composition, preparation methods, and their impact on treatment effectiveness. The modification of drugs into the NLC model can be facilitated using relatively straightforward technologies such as pressure-based processes, emulsification techniques, solvent utilization methods, or phase inversion. Moreover, NLC production with minimal material compositions can accommodate both single and combination drug delivery. Through in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies, it has been substantiated that NLCs can enhance the therapeutic potential of various drug types in wound healing treatments. NLCs enhance efficacy by reducing the active substance particle size, increasing solubility and bioavailability, and prolonging drug release, ensuring sustained dosage at the wound site for chronic wounds. In summary, NLCs represent an effective nanocarrier system for optimizing the bioavailability of active pharmacological ingredients in the context of wound healing. Keywords: drug delivery, nanocarrier, nanostructured lipid carriers, wound healing

Abstract The global concern over heavy metal pollution necessitates urgent measures to safeguard human health and the environment. This study focuses on employing triethylenetetramine (TETA)-functionalized MIP-206-OH (TMIP-206) as an effective adsorbent for removing Pb(II) from wastewater. TMIP-206 was synthesized via a hydrothermal method followed by functionalization with TETA. Kinetic studies demonstrate that lead removal on TMIP-206 conforms to the pseudo-second-order model, indicating an efficient removal process. Experimental results reveal that TMIP-206 aligns with the Langmuir isotherm, exhibiting a maximum removal capacity of 267.15 mg/g for lead ions. The sorption efficiency of TMIP-206 for Pb ions remains stable across six cycles, with a reduction of less than 15%. Optimal adsorption performance is observed at a pH of 6. These findings underscore the potential of TMIP-206 as an alternative for adsorbing Pb(II) from aqueous environments, addressing the global challenge of heavy metal pollution. Future research should explore the scalability and long-term stability of TMIP-206-based adsorbents to enhance their practical applicability in diverse environmental contexts and contribute to broader strategies for mitigating heavy metal contamination.

A well can be produced and exploited when it has production power, in other words, if the well does not have enough pressure, it will not be able to flow. Artificial production is a method to increase the lifespan of well production. The well studied in this article has a significant annual lower pressure drop; So now with the current pressure of the existing well, it is not possible to send the oil of this well to the separator of the first stage of the exploitation unit. Among the existing solutions to maintain or increase production and increase the flow pressure of the well, is the use of artificial extraction. In this article, an attempt has been made to simulate the effect of using a core pipe, gas pumping and installing an electric submersible pump (ESP) on the production flow rate and flow pressure of the well by using the well data and the static and current pressure test. The current production data with the PIPESIM software was checked, and then the best extraction method for the studied well. Finally, the installation of an ESP was determined and selected as the best method of artificial extraction.

Background. Najaf governorate was recorded as one of the most polluted Iraqi governorates with increased cancer, autoimmune, and abortion cases. Study Groups. A total of 88 adult volunteers from three test groups were divided based on their inhabitance in different geographical regions in Najaf governorate. Group 1 (G1; n, 29) inhabitants of Al-Ansar, Al-Abbaseyeh, and Al-Manathera districts, Group 2 (G2; n, 27) inhabitants of 22 different scattered districts of the governorate, Group 3 (G3; n, 32) inhabitants of Kufa city and center districts in the old Najaf city. According to previous authors' findings, all participants had uranium contamination in their urine and blood samples, and also, they had DNA damage according to the level of urinary 8-OHdG compound. The control group 4 (G4; n, 25) were adult healthy Iraqi volunteers who were residents of the Sulaimaniyah governorate, which has low-level uranium pollution. The present study aims to determine the effect of uranium pollution and DNA damage on the immune system function in terms of estimating the levels of serum interleukin (IL)-6, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and IL-1 beta (β). Method. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Sandwich method technique) was used for estimating the serum cytokines levels in test and control groups. Results. A significant elevation of cytokines levels was reported as compared with the control groups (p≤0.01). The level of IL-6 was 764.64 ± 24.12 pg/ml, 768.87 ± 19.64 pg/ml, and 735.62 ± 18.47 in G1, G2, and G3, respectively. The level of IFN-γ was 264.55 ± 19.17 pg/ml, 259 ± 18.76 pg/ml, and 261.20 ± 12.99 pg/ml for G1, G2, and G3, respectively. The level of IL-1β was 99.85 ± 10.81 pg/ml, 116.8 ± 10.71 pg/ml, and 83 ± 19.24 pg/ml in G1, G2, and G3, respectively. The levels of IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-1β were 86.5 ± 22.9 pg/ml, 19.4 ± 2.8 pg/ml, and 16.1 ± 3.2 pg/ml in the sera of control (G4). The results showed significant statistical elevation with the corresponding p value cut-off p≤0.01 in IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-1β in the sera of three test groups as compared with the results of the control group. Conclusion. The change in the proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IFN-γ, and IL-1β) levels indicates a persistent inflammatory response in the participants and may reflect immune system impairment as a consequence of exposure to long-term low-dose ionizing radiation.

Aim Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is among the most common orthopaedic injuries. The elevated body mass index (BMI) can contribute to non-contact ACL injury. This study aims to assess the risk of ACL injury among elevated BMI population people (BMI ≥25 Kg\m2). Methods This is a cross sectional study that was conducted in a tertiary care centre in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A total of 302 patients, who had an ACL reconstruction surgery in a ten-year-period (January 2008 to December 2018) were included. Results Sport related injury is significantly higher among the overweight and obese groups (p=0.002). Moreover, the combined ACL tear was higher among the overweight and obese groups (p=0.001). In univariate regression analysis for the selected baseline characteristics, it was found that individuals with higher BMI have chance to develop combined (ACL) injury 2 times higher when compared to those with isolated ACL injury (p=0.003). Also, the ACL type, mode of injury, types of injury and type of sports were statistically significant in univariate regression analysis. However, only the mode of injury was statistically significant after controlling the confounding factors. Other selected variables like type of sport, type of injury and ACL type were not significant. Conclusion Elevated BMI was associated with a higher risk of developing combined ACL tear as well as reinjured individuals.

Abstract Background and Aims Despite the significant milestone of vaccine discovery, the spread of misinformation and pseudoscientific claims has resulted in an increasing number of people refusing vaccination in Syria. In this study, we aimed to explore fears and misconceptions towards COVID‐19 vaccines among the Syrian population. Methods We conducted a nationwide cross‐sectional study between January and May 2022, using a convenience sample of 10,006 participants aged at least 18 years and living in Syria. We administered a validated online/paper questionnaire and conducted face‐to‐face interviews. We used SPSS software (version 26) for statistical analysis, assessing our data using frequency and χ2 tests, with p

There are a plethora of invented classifiers in Machine learning literature, however, there is no optimal classifier in terms of accuracy and time taken to build the trained model, especially with the tremendous development and growth of Big data. Hence, there is still room for improvement. In this paper, we propose a new classification method that is based on the well-known magnetic force. Based on the number of points belonging to a specific class/magnet, the proposed magnetic force (MF) classifier calculates the magnetic force at each discrete point in the feature space. Unknown examples are classified using the magnetic forces recorded in the trained model by various magnets/classes. When compared to existing classifiers, the proposed MF classifier achieves comparable classification accuracy, according to the experimental results utilizing 28 different datasets. More importantly, we found that the proposed MF classifier is significantly faster than all other classifiers tested, particularly when applied to Big datasets and hence could be a viable option for structured Big data classification with some optimization.

Ghufran Jassim,1 Mariam Jameel,2 Edwina Brennan,3 Manaf Yusuf,3 Nebras Hasan,3 Yusuf Alwatani4 1Family Medicine Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland — Medical University of Bahrain (RCSI Bahrain), Busaiteen, Bahrain; 2Department of Medicine, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, Bahrain; 3RCSI, Busaiteen, Bahrain; 4Psychiatry Department, Serene Psychiatry Hospital, Manama, BahrainCorrespondence: Ghufran JassimFamily Medicine Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland — Medical University of Bahrain (RCSI Bahrain), PO Box 15503, Adliya-Bahrain, Busaiteen, BahrainTel +973 39-680-009Email gjassim@rcsi-mub.comPurpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in mandatory isolation and quarantine. The objective of this study was to describe and compare the psychological impacts of COVID-19 isolation and quarantine.Methods: This was a cross-sectional retrospective study. Participants were Bahrainis aged > 18 years who had undergone either isolation or quarantine. Eligible participants were identified from the COVID-19 contacts (quarantine) and cases (isolation) database of Bahrain. Validated questionnaires for self-reported depression (Center for Epidemiological Studies — depression [CES-D]), posttraumatic stress (Impact of Event Scale — revised [IES-R]), and perceived stigma (Stigma Scale [SS]) were administered.Results: Mean CES-D, IES-R, and SS scores were 16.76± 5.65, 13.50± 14.67, and 25.29± 7.99, respectively. In sum, 40% (205 of 502) of participants showed clinically significant depression, and < 20% (98 of 502) had indications of some posttraumatic distress, with greater depression and distress in those isolated than those quarantined. Perceived stigma was reported by 53.4% (268 of 502) of participants, more prominent among those quarantined. Depression and posttraumatic stress scores were significantly higher in females, college students, those with a history of mental health conditions, knowing a COVID-19 fatality, and experiencing social conflict. Age was a significant variable correlated with all three scales, with younger participants indicating more distress, depression, and stigma. Duration of segregation was significantly correlated with CES-D, score showing more depressive symptoms as the duration of isolation increased. Significant predictors were age, sex, history of mental illness, and COVID-19 status.Conclusion: Isolated and quarantined individuals reported depression, perceived stigma, and to a lesser extent distress. Psychological interventions identifying and targeting people with different-severity psychological burdens are in urgent need.Keywords: COVID-19, psychological impact, isolation, quarantine, Bahrain

Urooj A Khan,1 Uzma Parveen,2 Nazeer Hasan,1 Mohammad Zubair Ahmed,1 Suma Saad,1 Farhan J Ahmad,1 Gaurav K Jain1 1Nanoformulation Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; 2Department of Moalejat, School of Unani Medical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, IndiaCorrespondence: Gaurav K JainNanoformulation Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India, Tel +91 9811127909Fax +91 11 26059663Email drgkjain@gmail.comIntroduction: Ziprasidone (ZP) is a novel atypical antipsychotic agent effective in the treatment of positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia with low chances for extrapyramidal side effects (EPs) and cognitive deficits. ZP possesses poor oral bioavailability (∼ 50%), short biological half-life (∼ 2.5 h) and due to extensive first-pass metabolism, a repeated dose is administered which makes the therapy non-adherent, leading to patient non-compliance. Therefore, this is a first report of developing parenteral ZP loaded sustained release phospholipid based phase-transition system (ZP-LPS).Methods: The ZP-LPS system was formulated by mixing of biocompatible materials including phospholipid E 80, medium chain triglyceride (MCT) and ethanol. Optimization was done by aqueous titration method using pseudo-ternary phase diagram and dynamic rheological measurements. In vivo depot formation was confirmed by gamma scintigraphy after subcutaneous injection. Biodegradation and biocompatibility studies were performed for its safety evaluation. Finally, the efficacy of the formulation was assessed by Morris water maze (MWM) test and dizocilpine (MK-801) was used to induce schizophrenia in Sprague-Dawley rats.Results: Optimized ZP-LPS showed rapid gelation (2 min), highest change in viscosity (∼ 48000 mPa.s) and sustained release of ZP over a period of 1 month. Gamma scintigraphy depicted that the low-viscosity ZP-LPS system undergo rapid in situ gelation. Biodegradation and biocompatibility studies revealed gradual degradation in size of depot over a period of 28 days without any inflammation at the injection site. In MWM test, escape latency, time spent and total distance in target quadrant were significantly improved (p < 0.001) in the ZP-LPS group in comparison to the MK-801 group when evaluated at day 0, day 7 and day 28. However, significant improvement (p < 0.001) was observed only at day 0 in ZP suspension group.Conclusion: The overall result indicates that the novel ZP-LPS system is safe, biodegradable, and effective for the management of schizophrenia.Keywords: Gamma scintigraphy, lipid phase-transition, Morris Water Maze (MWM) test, phospholipid, schizophrenia, ziprasidone (ZP)

The recommended daily dose of vitamin D is 2000 IU was found to be insufficient in many patients. The objective of the present study is to find whether the daily dose of vitamin D should be based on BMI. Two hundred and thirty patients with an established vitamin D deficiency (serum level of 25 Hydroxy vitamin D3 (25OHD3) of ≤20 ng/ml) and patients with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 were included in the study. Demographic data, comorbidities and BMI were recorded. Pre-treatment and post-treatment serum 25OHD3, calcium, phosphorus and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were tested at 0-, 3- and 6-month periods. Patients were treated with a standard dose of 50 000 IU of vitamin D weekly and 600/1200 mg of calcium a day. Once their level of 25OHD3 reached ≥30 ng/ml, patients were randomised into two groups. Group A received a standard recommended maintenance dose of 2000 IU daily and Group B patients received 125 IU/kg/m2 of vitamin D3. The data were entered in the database and analysed. The mean age of Group A was 50⋅74 ± 7⋅64 years compared to 52⋅32 ± 7⋅21 years in Group B. In both groups, pre-treatment vitamin D level was ≤15 ng/ml and increased to 34⋅6 ± 2⋅6 and 33⋅7 ± 2⋅4 ng/ml at the end of 3 months treatment with a dose 50 000 IU of vitamin D3 and calcium 600/1200 mg once a day for group A and group B, respectively. At 6 months, patients in Group A 25OHD3 level was 22⋅8 ± 3⋅80 and in Group B was 34⋅0 ± 1⋅85 ng/ml (P < 0⋅001). This preliminary study suggests that obese patients need higher dosage of vitamin D than the recommended dose. It is prudent that the dosage should be based on the BMI to maintain normal levels for a healthy musculoskeletal system.

Background and Objective. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of autologous bone marrow-derived chondrocytes (ABMDCs) with pharmacological management of osteoarthritis of knee (OAK) and assess the benefit of the two in the improvement of pain relief, functional betterment, and quality of life (QOL). Patients and Methods. A prospective, randomized study was undertaken in patients with OAK grades II and III of Kellgren–Lawrence grading (KLG) in two groups. Group I had 5 million of intra-articular ABMDC in the affected joint, and Group II continued the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and physical therapy as needed. Before the treatment, patients were meticulously examined and data were entered for age, sex, Body Mass Index (BMI), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Modified Knee Society Score-Short Form (MKSSSF), and QOL. Patients were followed up for 3, 12, and 24 months to assess efficacy, safety, and tolerability. To assess the cartilage regeneration of the damaged cartilage, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used. Results. There were a total of 60 patients who were followed up. Three patients in Group II were removed from the analysis as they underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA). A notably significant improvement was noticed in the ABMDC group on all scores of VAS and MKSSSF with P

نقدم في هذه البحث خوارزمية عددية لحل معادلات فولتيرا-فريدهولم التكاملية-التفاضلية الخطية باستخدام كثيرات حدود شرائحية من الدرجة التاسعة مع ست نقاط تجميع. يتم تحويل معادلة فولتيرا-فردهولم إلى جملة معادلات تفاضلية خطية من المرتبة الأولى والتي نحلها بتطبيق كثيرات الحدود الشرائحية ومشتقاتها عليها. تم إثبات تقارب التقنية المقترحة عندما تم تطبيقها على المسألة المذكورة. ولاختبار فعالية الطريقة ودقتها تم حل مسألتي اختبار حيث أظهرت مقارنات نتائجنا مع نتائج أخرى مأخوذة من مراجع حديثة إلى الدقة العالية التي قدمتها التقريبات الشرائحية.

Sandstone core and free-clay sandstone core were prepared in chromatography columns, and core flooding experiments were performed to determine the EOR mechanisms of low salinity (LS) water flooding and analyze the effect of clay on recovery factor. First, brine with a high salinity (HS) of 100 000 mg/L was injected to simulate formation water. Then, LS water of 1 000 mg/L was then injected at different temperatures. Concentrations of Ca2+ and CH3COO− and pH of the fluid flowing out of the chromatography column were recorded. The results showed that during flooding the free-clay core with LS water, the carboxylic acid detached from the sand, as great as that of the clay-containing cores. It showed a noteworthy desorption of Ca2+ from the free-clay core surface, which indicated that LS water flooding resulted in a high recovery in sandstone without clay. Compared with HS water flooding, in the LS water flooding, the pH of produced fluid increased significantly; also, as the temperature increased, the pH and Ca2+ concentration of the produced fluid decreased; and the hydrophilic property of the sandstone was stronger. The results of oil recovery tests using the same columns were in line with the chemical analyses. The oil recovery from the free-clay columns was as great as from the column clay-containing column. The results of wettability measurements supported our theory. Key words: sandstone reservoir, low salinity water flooding, enhanced oil recovery, water-rock reaction, wettability alteration, clay

Abstract Low-salinity (LS) water flooding mechanism enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method in sandstone has been extensively debated in the literature. Many mechanisms have been proposed, but these proposed mechanisms remain a topic of debate. In this study, we propose to quantify control of mineral composition and water chemistry on water/rock interactions and wettability change during low-salinity waterflooding of spatially heterogeneous sandstone porous media. We intended to identify the dominant process of wettability alteration through considering water–rock interaction mechanisms containing/non-containing clays. Water chemistry partially determines the dominant wettability alteration. This includes salinity, type of ions, and possibly pH. Sandstone core and free clay sand core were prepared in chromatography columns and were water flooded with high/low/high-salinity water at different temperatures. Brine with high salinity 100,000 ppm was injected to simulate formation water, then, inflow low-salinity water 1100 ppm at different temperatures. Concentrations of Ca2+ and CH3COO− and pH were recorded. The core contains quartz only, to investigate the role of clay in the mechanism of smart water EOR. The results proved that during flooding the free clay core by low-salinity water the carboxylic acid detached from the sand, albeit not as great as that of the clay-containing cores. On the other hand, ICP-OES showed a noteworthy desorption of Ca2+ from the free clay core surface. That indicates further RCOO− recovery in the absence of clay. It has been observed that during flooding by LS water, the pH increased significantly. Also, as the temperature increased the pH of the LS water decreased and amount of Ca2+ decreased in the effluent. This work presents the results of forced imbibition experiments to examine the effect of clay in sandstone during LS flooding EOR.

Abstract The aim of this paper is to quantify the effect of low-salinity (LS) water on oil recovery from sandstone cores at different temperatures and at various permeabilities, oil viscosities, and Ca2+ concentrations in the formation water. Six sandstone cores were waterflooded with high-salinity (HS) and LS water at various temperatures ranging from 25 to 90 °C. Four cores were allocated to oil recovery experiments, and the other two were dedicated to surface reactivity tests. The S wi and S or of the cores were established, and then the cores were pre-aged for 3 days at 70 °C with oil in a closed container. We examined the effect of different ionic solutions (HS water, LS water, and double Ca2+ HS water) at different temperatures. The surface reactivity test cores were flooded with the same HS and LS brines that were used in oil recovery forced-imbibition experiments. During flooding, samples of the effluent were analyzed for pH and Ca2+. The absence of an oil phase enabled us to isolate and quantify the important water–rock reactions. Ca2+ desorption from the core that was aged in the double Ca2+ concentration was larger than that desorbed from the other core, but pH and pressure was less than the other core during surface reactivity tests. Due to dehydration at high temperatures, the desorption of Ca2+ decreased as the temperature increased. Also, as the temperature increased, the pH gradient between the HS and LS water effluents decreased. Oil recovery forced-imbibition experiments with a double Ca2+ concentration showed a small LS water effect at all temperatures, meaning that the cores became more water-wet; however, the LS water effect was much greater when the amount of Ca2+ in the HS water was decreased by half. Furthermore, as the core permeability and oil viscosity increased, our tests showed a greater positive effect from the LS water. This work attempts to isolate the separate effects and thus examines the oil recovery achieved with the most important LS waterflood factors, which are temperature, ion exchange, and pH.

Background and Objective: Fractures and dislocations are a significant public health and economic burden for any country, but current knowledge on the basic epidemiology of fractures in Saudi Arabia is very limited. This retrospective analysis was performed to determine the patterns of incidence of traumatic fractures and dislocations in the urban population of the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods : Data were collected on all fractures and dislocations admitted to the orthopaedic wards between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2009. The inclusion criteria were all patients admitted after trauma. The data collected included was the type of accident, fracture and dislocations sustained, surgery undertaken either emergency or elective, implants used, associated injuries, complications, status of the union of the fracture at the time of the final review and complications. Results: There were 1428 patients with 2056 fractures and dislocations. Five-hundred and eighty-four (40.89%) of the injuries were sustained in road traffic and motorcycle accidents. Lower extremity fractures were 830, upper extremity fractures were 555 and spinal fractures were 323. Of these, 202 (14.4%) patients had dislocations, a majority of which were hip joint dislocations. The overall complication rate was 166 (11.69%) and infections formed the majority. Delayed union occurred in 32, nonunion in 24 and malunion requiring surgery occurred in 17. Twenty-seven (1.31%) of fractures were missed. Conclusions: This analysis shows that road traffic accidents are still a major cause of trauma in an urban population and lower extremities form the common site of fractures. Fractures and dislocations due to trauma are steadily increasing and the young are the most affected. We believe that injury prevention programs should be made mandatory to limit muskuloskeletal injuries resulting from trauma. In the coming years, the number of these injuries will rise considerably with the increase in population.

We present the case of a man who, following immunosuppressive treatment for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, became infected with viral hepatitis E. Acute hepatitis E virus infection should be considered in patients with deranged liver function on a background of haematological malignancies or immunosuppression, even without travel to endemic regions. Whilst clearance is usually spontaneous in immune-competent individuals, these at-risk groups may develop a more complicated and protracted disease course. Thus awareness is important as additional treatment with ribavirin or pegylated interferon may be required, as in this case, in order to help achieve eradication.

Background and objectives: Boxing is a popular combat sport that requires high intensity and cooperation. However, there are limited data about the influence of boxing matches on blood parameters. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the match-induced changes in the metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory status in male elite boxers. Materials and methods: High-level 20 male boxers with more than 5 years experience in boxing voluntarily participated in this study. Venous blood samples of the boxers, before and after combat, were taken for determination of the plasma parameters. Results: Our results indicated that a 9-min boxing match caused significant increases in plasma energy fuels (glucose and lactate), metabolic hormones (insulin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, and growth hormone), inflammatory markers (interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)), muscle damage indicators (alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)), and oxidative stress marker (SOD). A decrease in total oxidant status (TOS) was also considered. However, there were no significant alterations in the plasma levels of androgenic hormone (free and total testosterone), anabolic hormone (IGF-1), lipids (total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)), kidney function markers (creatinine and urea), and minerals (iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg)). Conclusion: Elevations in the level of energy fuels and metabolic hormones of the boxers could be taken as a reflection of high-energy turnover during combat performance. The increases in inflammatory and tissue damage indicators may possibly be an indication of traumatic injury. Understanding the biochemical changes that occur during boxing match could be valuable to optimize the performance improvement of the athletes.

This study is the first report to suggest a morphological phylogenetic framework for the seven varieties of Ficus deltoidea Jack (Ficus: Moraceae) from the Malay Peninsula of Malaysia. Several molecular-based classifications on the genus Ficus had been proposed, but neither had discussed the relationship between seven varieties of F. deltoidea to its allies nor within the varieties. The relationship between seven varieties of F. deltoidea is still debated due to the extreme morphological variabilities and ambiguous boundaries between taxa. Thus, the correct identification of these varieties is important as several morphological characters are variety-specific. To test the monophyly and further resolved the relationship in F. deltoidea, a morphological phylogenetic analysis was conducted based on herbarium specimens representing the seven varieties of F. deltoidea that were collected from the Malay Peninsula of Malaysia, by using related species of the genus Ficus; F. grossularioides, F. ischnopoda and F. oleifolia as the outgroups. Parsimony and neighbour-joining analyses indicated that F. deltoidea is monophyletic, in that the seven varieties of F. deltoidea nested into two clades; clade subspecies deltoidea (var. deltoidea, var. bilobata, var. angustifolia, var. kunstleri and var. trengganuensis) and clade subspecies motleyana (var. intermedia and var. motleyana).

Photovoice research is conducted by researchers to communicate images or photographs, and it has high confidence in analyzing the value, story or meaning of an image. Several previous studies that examined photovoice as a research strategy were analyzed and reviewed. This systematic review used an article selection process. It was defining the purpose, conducting a literature search, pulling articles by reading abstracts, reading the full paper, data abstraction, and conducting an analysis. The photovoice article selection was classified into education, health, and social science domain. Finally, forty-one articles have been reviewed with the total of participants involved ranged from five to fifty individuals. The majority of research method in the articles was participatory action research (PAR) through qualitative inquiry or field visits. Meanwhile, the research instruments used photography, documentation, observation, and interviews. In various fields of research, photovoice is able to increase the understanding of individuals or groups to interpret the content of an image or photo.

In this paper we first study the stability of Ritz-Volterra projection and its maximum norm estimates, and then we use these results to derive some L\infty error estimates for finite element methods for parabolic partial integro-differential equations.

A rapid onset of quadrupole deformation is known to occur around the neutron number 60 in the neutron-rich Zr and Sr isotopes. This shape change has made the neutron-rich A = 100 region an active area of experimental and theoretical studies for many decades now. We report in this contribution new experimental results in the neutron rich 96,98Sr investigated by safe Coulomb excitation of radioactive beams at the REX-ISOLDE facility, CERN. Reduced transition probabilities and spectroscopic quadrupole moments have been extracted from the differential Coulomb excitation cross section supporting the scenario of shape coexistence/change at N=60. Future perspectives are presented including the recent experimental campaign performed at ILL-Grenoble.

A rapid onset of quadrupole deformation is known to occur around the neutron number 60 in the neutron-rich Zr and Sr isotopes. This shape change has made the neutron-rich A = 100 region an active area of experimental and theoretical studies for many decades now. We report in this contribution new experimental results in the neutron rich 96,98Sr investigated by safe Coulomb excitation of radioactive beams at the REX-ISOLDE facility, CERN. Reduced transition probabilities and spectroscopic quadrupole moments have been extracted from the differential Coulomb excitation cross section supporting the scenario of shape coexistence/change at N = 60. Future perspectives are presented including the recent experimental campaign performed at ILL-Grenoble.

The transition to renewable energy is not merely a technical option; it is a fundamental element in making and shaping policies for achieving sustainable development in the energy sector. This achieves a degree of integration among economic, environmental, and social urban policies in the secondary Najaf region. The use of renewable energy for wind farms, contributes to providing energy for human activities and various processes, by harnessing kinetic energy from wind movement to generate electrical power through the operation of wind turbines, wind energy undergoes a transformation from mechanical energy to electrical energy, meeting the energy demands of urban centers and rural areas. Therefore, this study aims to introduce a renewable energy source from wind energy, as a solution to the current and anticipated electricity deficit in the study area. In addition to contributing to urban development, agriculture, environmental conservation and related fields. This research adopts for multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methodology within the geographic information system (GIS) to identify the most suitable spatial location. As a result, the study has identified appropriate and efficient sites for wind farms, through establishing planning and design criteria and standards for wind farm development. The proposed design includes a well-planned wind farm covering 40.3 Km2, equipped with 99 turbines, capable of producing 198 Mw of electrical energy to alleviate shortages and meet future energy demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a thorough scientometric analysis carried on Mughal architecture from 1986 to 2023 and reveals a complex web of scholarly investigation. Utilizing the vast Scopus database in conjunction with sophisticated analytical tools such as R-Studio and Python in the Anaconda environment, the study uncovers subtle correlations in a dataset consisting of 99 articles. The continuous evolution of Mughal architecture studies is shown in the harmonized yearly growth rate of 5.4%. The collaborative constellations of 155 domestic and international authors shed light on the worldwide interconnectivity within this academic field. Pakistan's significant influence is emphasized in the assessment of country-specific contributions, which is contrasted with the distinctive viewpoints provided by the United States, the United Kingdom, and China. A negative R-squared result for the linear regression model highlights the difficulty of forecasting citation impact using only quantitative metrics. Notwithstanding these difficulties, the study contributes substantially to the comprehension of the complex field of Mughal architecture research, highlighting the necessity for a nuanced synthesis of quantitative and qualitative aspects in scholarly appraisal and encouraging more investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study examined the levels of antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione (GSH), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) and reproductive hormones (progesterone, estrogen, and cortisol) in pregnant local breed ewes and after lambing in the Basrah governorate. Twenty ewes were used in this study from several fields in the Basrah governorate. Blood sample collection was done in three different periods, pre-lambing, immediately after lambing, and two weeks after lambing. The result showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in SOD, CAT, and GSH-px activity before and during lambing compared to after lambing. The results also confirmed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the level of GSH pre and during lambing compared to after lambing. While evaluating, the level of MDA revealed a significant increase (p<0.05) in its level during lambing compared to two weeks after lambing. Hormonal analysis showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the levels of cortisol and estradiol pre and during lambing compared to after lambing, with a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the levels of progesterone after lambing compared to before lambing. This study concluded that during lambing, ewes were under stress factors, and an internal mechanism represented by enzymatic antioxidants like SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px acted actively during this period to neutralize the side effects of stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]