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3. Author Correction: Trans-ancestral genome-wide association study of longitudinal pubertal height growth and shared heritability with adult health outcomes

Author

Bradfeld, Jonathan P., Kember, Rachel L., Ulrich, Anna, Balkhiyarova, Zhanna, Alyass, Akram, Aris, Izzuddin M., Bell, Joshua A., Broadaway, K. Alaine, Chen, Zhanghua, Chai, Jin-Fang, Davies, Neil M., Fernandez-Orth, Dietmar, Bustamante, Mariona, Fore, Ruby, Ganguli, Amitavo, Heiskala, Anni, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Íñiguez, Carmen, Kobes, Sayuko, Leinonen, Jaakko, Lowry, Estelle, Lyytikainen, Leo-Pekka, Mahajan, Anubha, Pitkänen, Niina, Schnurr, Theresia M., Have, Christian Theil, Strachan, David P., Thiering, Elisabeth, Vogelezang, Suzanne, Wade, Kaitlin H., Wang, Carol A., Wong, Andrew, Holm, Louise Aas, Chesi, Alessandra, Choong, Catherine, Cruz, Miguel, Elliott, Paul, Franks, Steve, Frithiof-Bøjsøe, Christine, Gauderman, W. James, Glessner, Joseph T., Gilsanz, Vicente, Griesman, Kendra, Hanson, Robert L., Kaakinen, Marika, Kalkwarf, Heidi, Kelly, Andrea, Kindler, Joseph, Kähönen, Mika, Lanca, Carla, Lappe, Joan, Lee, Nanette R., McCormack, Shana, Mentch, Frank D., Mitchell, Jonathan A., Mononen, Nina, Niinikoski, Harri, Oken, Emily, Pahkala, Katja, Sim, Xueling, Teo, Yik-Ying, Baier, Leslie J., van Beijsterveldt, Toos, Adair, Linda S., Boomsma, Dorret I., de Geus, Eco, Guxens, Mònica, Eriksson, Johan G., Felix, Janine F., Gilliland, Frank D., Hansen, Torben, Hardy, Rebecca, Hivert, Marie-France, Holm, Jens-Christian, Jaddoe, Vincent W. V., Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Lehtimäki, Terho, Mackey, David A., Meyre, David, Mohlke, Karen L., Mykkänen, Juha, Oberfeld, Sharon, Pennell, Craig E., Perry, John R. B., Raitakari, Olli, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Saw, Seang-Mei, Sebert, Sylvain, Shepherd, John A., Standl, Marie, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Timpson, Nicholas J., Torrent, Maties, Willemsen, Gonneke, Hypponen, Elina, Power, Chris, McCarthy, Mark I., Freathy, Rachel M., Widén, Elisabeth, Hakonarson, Hakon, Prokopenko, Inga, Voight, Benjamin F., Zemel, Babette S., Grant, Struan F. A., and Cousminer, Diana L.

Published
2024
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4. Trans-ancestral genome-wide association study of longitudinal pubertal height growth and shared heritability with adult health outcomes

Author

Bradfield, Jonathan P., Kember, Rachel L., Ulrich, Anna, Balkhiyarova, Zhanna, Alyass, Akram, Aris, Izzuddin M., Bell, Joshua A., Broadaway, K. Alaine, Chen, Zhanghua, Chai, Jin-Fang, Davies, Neil M., Fernandez-Orth, Dietmar, Bustamante, Mariona, Fore, Ruby, Ganguli, Amitavo, Heiskala, Anni, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Íñiguez, Carmen, Kobes, Sayuko, Leinonen, Jaakko, Lowry, Estelle, Lyytikainen, Leo-Pekka, Mahajan, Anubha, Pitkänen, Niina, Schnurr, Theresia M., Have, Christian Theil, Strachan, David P., Thiering, Elisabeth, Vogelezang, Suzanne, Wade, Kaitlin H., Wang, Carol A., Wong, Andrew, Holm, Louise Aas, Chesi, Alessandra, Choong, Catherine, Cruz, Miguel, Elliott, Paul, Franks, Steve, Frithioff-Bøjsøe, Christine, Gauderman, W. James, Glessner, Joseph T., Gilsanz, Vicente, Griesman, Kendra, Hanson, Robert L., Kaakinen, Marika, Kalkwarf, Heidi, Kelly, Andrea, Kindler, Joseph, Kähönen, Mika, Lanca, Carla, Lappe, Joan, Lee, Nanette R., McCormack, Shana, Mentch, Frank D., Mitchell, Jonathan A., Mononen, Nina, Niinikoski, Harri, Oken, Emily, Pahkala, Katja, Sim, Xueling, Teo, Yik-Ying, Baier, Leslie J., van Beijsterveldt, Toos, Adair, Linda S., Boomsma, Dorret I., de Geus, Eco, Guxens, Mònica, Eriksson, Johan G., Felix, Janine F., Gilliland, Frank D., Biobank, Penn Medicine, Hansen, Torben, Hardy, Rebecca, Hivert, Marie-France, Holm, Jens-Christian, Jaddoe, Vincent W. V., Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Lehtimäki, Terho, Mackey, David A., Meyre, David, Mohlke, Karen L., Mykkänen, Juha, Oberfield, Sharon, Pennell, Craig E., Perry, John R. B., Raitakari, Olli, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Saw, Seang-Mei, Sebert, Sylvain, Shepherd, John A., Standl, Marie, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Timpson, Nicholas J., Torrent, Maties, Willemsen, Gonneke, Hypponen, Elina, Power, Chris, McCarthy, Mark I., Freathy, Rachel M., Widén, Elisabeth, Hakonarson, Hakon, Prokopenko, Inga, Voight, Benjamin F., Zemel, Babette S., Grant, Struan F. A., and Cousminer, Diana L.

Published
2024
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8. Mechanisms of weight loss-induced remission in people with prediabetes: a post-hoc analysis of the randomised, controlled, multicentre Prediabetes Lifestyle Intervention Study (PLIS)

Author

Sandforth, Arvid, von Schwartzenberg, Reiner Jumpertz, Arreola, Elsa Vazquez, Hanson, Robert L, Sancar, Gencer, Katzenstein, Sarah, Lange, Karl, Preißl, Hubert, Dreher, Simon I, Weigert, Cora, Wagner, Robert, Kantartzis, Kostantinos, Machann, Jürgen, Schick, Fritz, Lehmann, Rainer, Peter, Andreas, Katsouli, Nikoletta, Ntziachristos, Vasilis, Dannecker, Corinna, Fritsche, Louise, Perakakis, Nikolaos, Heni, Martin, Nawroth, Peter Paul, Kopf, Stefan, Pfeiffer, Andreas F H, Kabisch, Stefan, Stumvoll, Michael, Schwarz, Peter E H, Hauner, Hans, Lechner, Andreas, Seissler, Jochen, Yurchenko, Iryna, Icks, Andrea, Solimena, Michele, Häring, Hans-Ulrich, Szendroedi, Julia, Schürmann, Annette, de Angelis, Martin Hrabé, Blüher, Matthias, Roden, Michael, Bornstein, Stefan R, Stefan, Norbert, Fritsche, Andreas, and Birkenfeld, Andreas L

Published
2023
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12. Identification and functional validation of rare coding variants in genes linked to monogenic obesity.

Author

Köroğlu, Çiğdem, Traurig, Michael, Muller, Yunhua L., Day, Samantha E., Piaggi, Paolo, Wiedrich, Kim, Vazquez, Laura, Hanson, Robert L., Van Hout, Cristopher V., Alkelai, Anna, Shuldiner, Alan R., Bogardus, Clifton, and Baier, Leslie J.

Subjects
MISSENSE mutation, GENETIC variation, FUNCTIONAL analysis, OBESITY, ADULTS
Abstract

Objective: Rare cases of monogenic obesity, which may respond to specific therapeutics, can remain undetected in populations in which polygenic obesity is prevalent. This study examined rare DNA variation in established monogenic obesity genes within a community using whole‐exome sequence data from 6803 longitudinally studied individuals. Methods: Exome data across 15 monogenic obesity genes were analyzed for nonsynonymous variants observed in any child with a maximum BMI z score > 2 (N = 279) but not observed in a child with a maximum BMI z score ≤ 0 (n = 1542) or that occurred in adults in the top 5th percentile of BMI (n = 263) but not in adults below the median BMI (n = 2629). Variants were then functionally analyzed using luciferase assays. Results: The comparisons between cases of obesity and controls identified eight missense variants in six genes: DYRK1B, KSR2, MC4R, NTRK2, PCSK1, and SIM1. Among these, MC4R p.A303P and p.R165G were previously shown to impair MC4R function. Functional analyses of the remaining six variants suggest that KSR2 p.I402F and p.T193I and NTRK2 p.S249Y alter protein function. Conclusions: In addition to MC4R, rare missense variants in KSR2 and NTRK2 may potentially explain the severe obesity observed for the carriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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13. An E115A Missense Variant in CERS2 Is Associated With Increased Sleeping Energy Expenditure and Hepatic Insulin Resistance in American Indians.

Author

Heinitz, Sascha, Traurig, Michael, Krakoff, Jonathan, Rabe, Philipp, Stäubert, Claudia, Kobes, Sayuko, Hanson, Robert L., Stumvoll, Michael, Blüher, Matthias, Bogardus, Clifton, Baier, Leslie, and Piaggi, Paolo

Subjects
MISSENSE mutation, INSULIN resistance, GENETIC variation, SLEEP, SPHINGOLIPIDS, PANCREATIC enzymes
Abstract

Genetic determinants of interindividual differences in energy expenditure (EE) are largely unknown. Sphingolipids, such as ceramides, have been implicated in the regulation of human EE via mitochondrial uncoupling. In this study, we investigated whether genetic variants within enzymes involved in sphingolipid synthesis and degradation affect EE and insulin-related traits in a cohort of American Indians informative for 24-h EE and glucose disposal rates during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Association analysis of 10,084 genetic variants within 28 genes involved in sphingolipid pathways identified a missense variant (rs267738, A>C, E115A) in exon 4 of CERS2 that was associated with higher sleeping EE (116 kcal/day) and increased rates of endogenous glucose production during basal (5%) and insulin-stimulated (43%) conditions, both indicators of hepatic insulin resistance. The rs267738 variant did not affect ceramide synthesis in HepG2 cells but resulted in a 30% decrease in basal mitochondrial respiration. In conclusion, we provide evidence that the CERS2 rs267738 missense variant may influence hepatic glucose production and postabsorptive sleeping metabolic rate. Article Highlights: The genetic determinants of interindividual differences in energy expenditure (EE) are not well established. Sphingolipids have been proposed to influence EE by altering mitochondrial function. Association analysis of genetic variants in genes involved in sphingolipid pathways identified a missense variant (rs267738, A>C, E115A) in CERS2 associated with higher sleeping EE assessed by whole-room indirect calorimetry. The rs267738 variant was associated with increased glucose production under basal and insulin-stimulated conditions and with decreased basal mitochondrial respiration. The rs267738 missense variant may affect the expression of key gluconeogenic genes G6PC1 and PCK1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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17. Epistasis Between HLA-DRB1*16:02:01 and SLC16A11 T-C-G-T-T Reduces Odds for Type 2 Diabetes in Southwest American Indians.

Author

Williams, Robert C., Hanson, Robert L., Peters, Bjoern, Kearns, Kendall, Knowler, William C., Bogardus, Clifton, and Baier, Leslie J.

Subjects
*TYPE 2 diabetes, *HISTOCOMPATIBILITY antigens, *GENETIC models, *HISTOCOMPATIBILITY class I antigens, *TYPE 1 diabetes, *HAPLOTYPES, *PEPTIDES
Abstract

We sought to identify genetic/immunologic contributors of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in an indigenous American community by genotyping all study participants for both high-resolution HLA-DRB1 alleles and SLC16A11 to test their risk and/or protection for T2D. These genes were selected based on independent reports that HLA-DRB1*16:02:01 is protective for T2D and that SLC16A11 associates with T2D in individuals with BMI <35 kg/m2. Here, we test the interaction of the two loci with a more complete data set and perform a BMI sensitivity test. We defined the risk protection haplotype of SLC16A11 , T-C-G-T-T , as allele 2 of a diallelic genetic model with three genotypes, SLC16A11*11 , *12 , and *22 , where allele 1 is the wild type. Both earlier findings were confirmed. Together in the same logistic model with BMI ≥35 kg/m2, DRB1*16:02:01 remains protective (odds ratio [OR] 0.73), while SLC16A11 switches from risk to protection (OR 0.57 [ *22 ] and 0.78 [ *12 ]); an added interaction term was statistically significant (OR 0.49 [ *12 ]). Bootstrapped (b = 10,000) statistical power of interaction, 0.4801, yielded a mean OR of 0.43. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the interaction is significant in the BMI range of 30–41 kg/m2. To investigate the epistasis, we used the primary function of the HLA-DRB1 molecule, peptide binding and presentation, to search the entire array of 15-mer peptides for both the wild-type and ancient human SLC16A11 molecules for a pattern of strong binding that was associated with risk and protection for T2D. Applying computer binding algorithms suggested that the core peptide at SLC16A11 D127G, FSAFASGLL, might be key for moderating risk for T2D with potential implications for type 1 diabetes. Article Highlights: This study enlarged our sample of high-resolution HLA-DRB1 alleles and 5 individually typed mutations for the SLC16A11 locus and used these to test for protection, risk, and interaction for type 2 diabetes. We confirmed our earlier reports of protection (DRB1*16:02) and risk (SLC16A11) and used all genotypes in a sensitivity analysis for BMI. HLA-DRB1*16:02 was found to be protective, and sensitivity analysis demonstrated that SLC16A11 is a risk in lower BMI strata and protective in higher ones. Epistasis for individuals with DRB1*16:02 and T-C-G-T-T reduces the odds for type 2 diabetes in a BMI range of 30–41 kg/m2, and binding studies implicate core peptide FSAFASGLL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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19. Insulin resistance before type 2 diabetes onset is associated with increased risk of albuminuria after diabetes onset: A prospective cohort study.

Author

Willig, Meeah R., Stinson, Emma J., Looker, Helen C., Piaggi, Paolo, Mitchell, Cassie M., Hanson, Robert L., Nelson, Robert G., Krakoff, Jonathan, and Chang, Douglas C.

Subjects
INSULIN sensitivity, TYPE 2 diabetes, ALBUMINURIA, INSULIN resistance, INSULIN, FAT, GLUCOSE tolerance tests, COHORT analysis
Abstract

Aim: Reduced renal insulin signalling is implicated in the pathogenesis of albuminuria. We sought to investigate whether insulin action and secretion, measured before diabetes onset, are associated with the development of albuminuria after diabetes onset. Materials and Methods: Baseline body composition, insulin sensitivity by hyperinsulinaemic‐euglycaemic clamp at submaximal and maximal insulin stimulation (240 and 2400 pmol/m2/min; M‐low and M‐high), and insulin secretion by intravenous glucose tolerance test [acute insulin response (AIR)] were measured in 170 Southwestern Indigenous American adults who subsequently developed diabetes. After diabetes onset and during the median follow‐up of 13.6 years, 81 participants (48%) developed albuminuria (urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g). Separate associations of M‐low, M‐high and AIR (per 1‐SD change) with the risk of albuminuria were assessed by Cox regression models adjusted for age, sex and body fat (%). Results: Participants who developed albuminuria were of similar age (26.4 ± 5.4 vs. 27.5 ± 6.1 years), sex (46% vs. 48% male), body fat (36.4 ± 7.5 vs. 35.7 ± 7.9%) and AIR [2.3 ± 0.3 vs. 2.3 ± 0.3, pmol/L (log)] as those who did not develop albuminuria but had lower insulin sensitivity [M‐low: 0.33 ± 0.08 vs. 0.36 ± 0.12, p =.03; M‐high: 0.87 ± 0.11 vs. 0.91 ± 0.12, p =.02; mg/kg‐metabolic body size/min (log)]. In separate adjusted models, lower M‐low and M‐high were both associated with an increased risk for albuminuria [hazard ratio (HR) 1.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14, 2.00, p =.004; HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.06, 1.63, p =.01), whereas AIR was not (HR 1.15, 95% CI 0.87, 1.56, p =.3). Conclusions: Lower insulin sensitivity is associated with the development of albuminuria, suggesting a role for insulin signalling in the pathogenesis of proteinuria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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20. Further evidence supporting a potential role for ADH1B in obesity

Author

Morales, Liza D., Cromack, Douglas T., Tripathy, Devjit, Fourcaudot, Marcel, Kumar, Satish, Curran, Joanne E., Carless, Melanie, Göring, Harald H. H., Hu, Shirley L., Lopez-Alvarenga, Juan Carlos, Garske, Kristina M., Pajukanta, Päivi, Small, Kerrin S., Glastonbury, Craig A., Das, Swapan K., Langefeld, Carl, Hanson, Robert L., Hsueh, Wen-Chi, Norton, Luke, Arya, Rector, Mummidi, Srinivas, Blangero, John, DeFronzo, Ralph A., Duggirala, Ravindranath, and Jenkinson, Christopher P.

Published
2021
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32. Glycemic Measures in Childhood as Predictors of Future Diabetes-Related Microvascular Complications in an Indigenous American Population.

Author

Vazquez, Laura, Vazquez Arreola, Elsa, Hanson, Robert L., and Sinha, Madhumita

Subjects
DIABETIC retinopathy, INDIGENOUS peoples, RECEIVER operating characteristic curves, OPHTHALMOSCOPY, AMERICANS, GLYCOSYLATED hemoglobin, BLOOD sugar
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To examine the role of glycemic measures performed during childhood in predicting future diabetes-related nephropathy and retinopathy in a high-risk indigenous American cohort. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied associations between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and 2-h plasma glucose (PG), measured during childhood (age 5 to <20 years) in a longitudinal observational study of diabetes and its complications (1965–2007), and future albuminuria (albumin creatinine ratio [ACR] ≥30 mg/g), severe albuminuria (ACR ≥300 mg/g), and retinopathy (at least one microaneurysm or hemorrhage or proliferative retinopathy on direct ophthalmoscopy). Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) for childhood glycemic measures when predicting nephropathy and retinopathy were compared. RESULTS: Higher baseline levels of HbA1c and 2-h PG significantly increased the risk of future severe albuminuria (HbA1c: hazard ratio [HR] 1.45 per %; 95% CI 1.02–2.05 and 2-h PG: HR 1.21 per mmol/L; 95% CI 1.16–1.27). When categorized by baseline HbA1c, children with prediabetes had a higher incidence of albuminuria (29.7 cases per 1,000 person-years [PY]), severe albuminuria (3.8 cases per 1,000 PY), and retinopathy (7.1 cases per 1,000 PY) than children with normal HbA1c levels (23.8, 2.4, and 1.7 cases per 1,000 PY, respectively); children with diabetes at baseline had the highest incidence of the three complications. No significant differences were observed between AUCs for models with HbA1c, 2-h PG, and fasting PG when predicting albuminuria, severe albuminuria, or retinopathy. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, higher glycemia levels ascertained by HbA1c and 2-h PG during childhood were associated with future microvascular complications; this demonstrates the potential utility of screening tests performed in high-risk children in predicting long-term health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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33. Adolescent Growth Spurt and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Southwestern American Indians.

Author

Ramirez-Luzuriaga, Maria J, Kobes, Sayuko, Sinha, Madhumita, Knowler, William C, and Hanson, Robert L

Subjects
HUMAN growth, ADOLESCENT development, NATIVE Americans, CONFIDENCE intervals, TYPE 2 diabetes, RISK assessment, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, CHI-squared test, DATA analysis software, ODDS ratio, LOGISTIC regression analysis, LONGITUDINAL method, DISEASE risk factors
Abstract

Early puberty onset is associated with higher risk of diabetes, but most studies have not accounted for childhood factors that may confound the association. Using data from a study conducted in an Indigenous community in Arizona (1965–2007), we examined associations of timing and velocity of the adolescent growth spurt with type 2 diabetes, and whether these associations are mediated by childhood body mass index and insulinemia. Adolescent growth parameters were derived from the Preece-Baines growth model, a parametric growth curve fitted to longitudinal height data, for 861 participants with height measurements spanning the whole period of growth. In males, older age at take-off, age at peak velocity, and age at maturation were associated with decreased prevalence of diabetes (odds ratio (OR) = 0.43 per year, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.27, 0.69; OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.72; OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.41, 0.83, respectively), while higher velocity at take-off was associated with increased risk (OR = 3.47 per cm/year, 95% CI: 1.87, 6.42) adjusting for age, birth year, and maternal diabetes. Similar results were observed with incident diabetes. Our findings suggest that an early and accelerated adolescent growth spurt is a risk factor for diabetes, at least in males. These associations are only partially explained by measures of adiposity and insulinemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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34. Identification of Genetic Variation Influencing Metformin Response in a Multiancestry Genome-Wide Association Study in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP).

Author

Li, Josephine H., Perry, James A., Jablonski, Kathleen A., Srinivasan, Shylaja, Chen, Ling, Todd, Jennifer N., Harden, Maegan, Mercader, Josep M., Pan, Qing, Dawed, Adem Y., Yee, Sook Wah, Pearson, Ewan R., Giacomini, Kathleen M., Giri, Ayush, Hung, Adriana M., Xiao, Shujie, Williams, L. Keoki, Franks, Paul W., Hanson, Robert L., and Kahn, Steven E.

Subjects
GENOME-wide association studies, GENETIC variation, GLYCOSYLATED hemoglobin, TYPE 2 diabetes, PROPORTIONAL hazards models
Abstract

Genome-wide significant loci for metformin response in type 2 diabetes reported elsewhere have not been replicated in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP). To assess pharmacogenetic interactions in prediabetes, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in the DPP. Cox proportional hazards models tested associations with diabetes incidence in the metformin (MET; n = 876) and placebo (PBO; n = 887) arms. Multiple linear regression assessed association with 1-year change in metformin-related quantitative traits, adjusted for baseline trait, age, sex, and 10 ancestry principal components. We tested for gene-by-treatment interaction. No significant associations emerged for diabetes incidence. We identified four genome-wide significant variants after correcting for correlated traits (P < 9 × 10−9). In the MET arm, rs144322333 near ENOSF1 (minor allele frequency [MAF]AFR = 0.07; MAFEUR = 0.002) was associated with an increase in percentage of glycated hemoglobin (per minor allele, β = 0.39 [95% CI 0.28, 0.50]; P = 2.8 × 10−12). rs145591055 near OMSR (MAF = 0.10 in American Indians) was associated with weight loss (kilograms) (per G allele, β = −7.55 [95% CI −9.88, −5.22]; P = 3.2 × 10−10) in the MET arm. Neither variant was significant in PBO; gene-by-treatment interaction was significant for both variants [P(G×T) < 1.0 × 10−4]. Replication in individuals with diabetes did not yield significant findings. A GWAS for metformin response in prediabetes revealed novel ethnic-specific associations that require further investigation but may have implications for tailored therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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42. Association of urinary KIM-1, L-FABP, NAG and NGAL with incident end-stage renal disease and mortality in American Indians with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Author

Fufaa, Gudeta D., Weil, E. Jennifer, Nelson, Robert G., Hanson, Robert L., Bonventre, Joseph V., Sabbisetti, Venkata, Waikar, Sushrut S., Mifflin, Theodore E., Zhang, Xiaoming, Xie, Dawei, Hsu, Chi-yuan, Feldman, Harold I., Coresh, Josef, Vasan, Ramachandran S., Kimmel, Paul L., Liu, Kathleen D., and for the Chronic Kidney Disease Biomarkers Consortium Investigators

Published
2015
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45. The Case for Law-Related Education.

Author

Hanson, Robert L.

Abstract

Describes the curriculum and learning objectives for law-related education in high school, middle school, and elementary school. Advocates the use of simulations to teach law-related education. Discusses law-related teacher training and where to find a law-related education resource person. (Contains 14 references.) (PKP)

Published
2002

46. Large meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies five loci for lean body mass

Author

Zillikens, M. Carola, Demissie, Serkalem, Hsu, Yi-Hsiang, Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M., Chou, Wen-Chi, Stolk, Lisette, Livshits, Gregory, Broer, Linda, Johnson, Toby, Koller, Daniel L., Kutalik, Zoltán, Luan, Jian’an, Malkin, Ida, Ried, Janina S., Smith, Albert V., Thorleifsson, Gudmar, Vandenput, Liesbeth, Hua Zhao, Jing, Zhang, Weihua, Aghdassi, Ali, Åkesson, Kristina, Amin, Najaf, Baier, Leslie J., Barroso, Inês, Bennett, David A., Bertram, Lars, Biffar, Rainer, Bochud, Murielle, Boehnke, Michael, Borecki, Ingrid B., Buchman, Aron S., Byberg, Liisa, Campbell, Harry, Campos Obanda, Natalia, Cauley, Jane A., Cawthon, Peggy M., Cederberg, Henna, Chen, Zhao, Cho, Nam H., Jin Choi, Hyung, Claussnitzer, Melina, Collins, Francis, Cummings, Steven R., De Jager, Philip L., Demuth, Ilja, Dhonukshe-Rutten, Rosalie A. M., Diatchenko, Luda, Eiriksdottir, Gudny, Enneman, Anke W., Erdos, Mike, Eriksson, Johan G., Eriksson, Joel, Estrada, Karol, Evans, Daniel S., Feitosa, Mary F., Fu, Mao, Garcia, Melissa, Gieger, Christian, Girke, Thomas, Glazer, Nicole L., Grallert, Harald, Grewal, Jagvir, Han, Bok-Ghee, Hanson, Robert L., Hayward, Caroline, Hofman, Albert, Hoffman, Eric P., Homuth, Georg, Hsueh, Wen-Chi, Hubal, Monica J., Hubbard, Alan, Huffman, Kim M., Husted, Lise B., Illig, Thomas, Ingelsson, Erik, Ittermann, Till, Jansson, John-Olov, Jordan, Joanne M., Jula, Antti, Karlsson, Magnus, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Kilpeläinen, Tuomas O., Klopp, Norman, Kloth, Jacqueline S. L., Koistinen, Heikki A., Kraus, William E., Kritchevsky, Stephen, Kuulasmaa, Teemu, Kuusisto, Johanna, Laakso, Markku, Lahti, Jari, Lang, Thomas, Langdahl, Bente L., Launer, Lenore J., Lee, Jong-Young, Lerch, Markus M., Lewis, Joshua R., Lind, Lars, Lindgren, Cecilia, Liu, Yongmei, Liu, Tian, Liu, Youfang, Ljunggren, Östen, Lorentzon, Mattias, Luben, Robert N., Maixner, William, McGuigan, Fiona E., Medina-Gomez, Carolina, Meitinger, Thomas, Melhus, Håkan, Mellström, Dan, Melov, Simon, Michaëlsson, Karl, Mitchell, Braxton D., Morris, Andrew P., Mosekilde, Leif, Newman, Anne, Nielson, Carrie M., O’Connell, Jeffrey R., Oostra, Ben A., Orwoll, Eric S., Palotie, Aarno, Parker, Stephen C. J., Peacock, Munro, Perola, Markus, Peters, Annette, Polasek, Ozren, Prince, Richard L., Räikkönen, Katri, Ralston, Stuart H., Ripatti, Samuli, Robbins, John A., Rotter, Jerome I., Rudan, Igor, Salomaa, Veikko, Satterfield, Suzanne, Schadt, Eric E., Schipf, Sabine, Scott, Laura, Sehmi, Joban, Shen, Jian, Soo Shin, Chan, Sigurdsson, Gunnar, Smith, Shad, Soranzo, Nicole, Stančáková, Alena, Steinhagen-Thiessen, Elisabeth, Streeten, Elizabeth A., Styrkarsdottir, Unnur, Swart, Karin M. A., Tan, Sian-Tsung, Tarnopolsky, Mark A., Thompson, Patricia, Thomson, Cynthia A., Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Tikkanen, Emmi, Tranah, Gregory J., Tuomilehto, Jaakko, van Schoor, Natasja M., Verma, Arjun, Vollenweider, Peter, Völzke, Henry, Wactawski-Wende, Jean, Walker, Mark, Weedon, Michael N., Welch, Ryan, Wichmann, H.-Erich, Widen, Elisabeth, Williams, Frances M. K., Wilson, James F., Wright, Nicole C., Xie, Weijia, Yu, Lei, Zhou, Yanhua, Chambers, John C., Döring, Angela, van Duijn, Cornelia M., Econs, Michael J., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Kooner, Jaspal S., Psaty, Bruce M., Spector, Timothy D., Stefansson, Kari, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Uitterlinden, André G., Wareham, Nicholas J., Ossowski, Vicky, Waterworth, Dawn, Loos, Ruth J. F., Karasik, David, Harris, Tamara B., Ohlsson, Claes, and Kiel, Douglas P.

Published
2017
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49. Weight Loss, Lifestyle Intervention, and Metformin Affect Longitudinal Relationship of Insulin Secretion and Sensitivity.

Author

Arreola, Elsa Vazquez, Knowler, William C., and Hanson, Robert L.

Abstract

Context: Insulin secretion and sensitivity regulate glycemia, with inadequately compensated deficiencies leading to diabetes. Objective: We investigated effects of weight loss, an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILS), and metformin on the relationship between insulin secretion and sensitivity using repository data from 2931 participants in the Diabetes Prevention Program clinical trial in adults at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Methods: Insulin secretion and sensitivity were estimated from insulin and glucose concentrations in fasting and 30-minute postload serum samples at baseline and 1, 2, and 3 years after randomization, during the active intervention phase. The nonlinear relationship of secretion and sensitivity was evaluated by standardized major axis regression to account for variability in both variables. Insulin secretory demand and compensatory insulin secretion were characterized by distances along and away from the regression line, respectively. Results: ILS and metformin decreased secretory demand while increasing compensatory insulin secretion, with greater effects of ILS. Improvements were directly related to weight loss; decreased weight significantly reduced secretory demand (b=-0.144 SD; 95% CI (-0.162, -0.125)/5 kg loss) and increased compensatory insulin secretion (b=0.287 SD, 95% CI (0.261, 0.314)/5 kg loss). In time-dependent hazard models, increasing compensatory insulin secretion (hazard ratio [HR]=0.166 per baseline SD, 95% CI 0.133, 0.206) and weight loss (HR=0.710 per 5 kg loss, 95% CI 0.613, 0.819) predicted lower diabetes risk. Conclusion: Diabetes risk reduction was directly related to the amount of weight loss, an effect mediated by lowered insulin secretory demand (due to increased insulin sensitivity) coupled with improved compensatory insulin secretion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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