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ObjectivesTo assess the real-world diagnostic accuracy of the Livzon point-of-care rapid test for antibodies to SARS-COV-2DesignProspective cohort studySettingDistrict general hospital in EnglandParticipants173 Patients and 224 hospital staff with a history of COVID-19 symptoms, and who underwent PCR and/or reference antibody testing for COVID-19.InterventionsThe Livzon point-of-care (POC) lateral flow immunoassay rapid antibody test (IgM and IgG) was conducted at least 7 days after onset of symptoms and compared to the composite reference standard of PCR for SARS-COV-2 plus reference laboratory testing for antibodies to SARS-COV-2. The SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR was tested using the available molecular technology during the study time (PHE laboratories, GeneXpert®system Xpert, Xpress SARS-CoV-2 and Source bioscience laboratory). All molecular platforms/assays were PHE/NHSE approved. The reference antibody test was the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay (Roche diagnostics GmBH).Main outcome measuresSensitivity and specificity of the rapid antibody testResultsThe reference antibody test was positive in 190/268 (70.9%) of participants with a history of symptoms suggestive of COVID-19; in the majority (n=312) the POC test was taken 35 days or more after onset of symptoms. The POC antibody test had an overall sensitivity of 90.1% (292/328, 95% CI 86.3 – 93.1) and specificity of 100% (68/68, 95% CI 94.7 - 100) for confirming prior SARS-CoV-2 infection when compared to the composite reference standard. Sensitivity was 97.8% (89/92, 95% CI 92.3% to 99.7%) in participants who had been admitted to hospital and 84.4% (124/147, 95% CI 77.5% to 89.8%) in those with milder illness who had never been seen in hospital.ConclusionsThe Livzon point-of-care antibody test had comparable sensitivity and specificity to the reference laboratory antibody test, so could be used in clinical settings to support decision-making about patients presenting with more than 10 days of symptoms of COVID-19.What is already known on this topic-Presence of IgG and IgM antibodies to SARS-COV-2 indicates that the person was infected at least 7 days previously and is usually no longer infectious.-Rapid point-of-care tests for antibodies to SARS-COV-2 are widely available, cheap and easy to use-Preliminary evaluations suggested that rapid antibody tests may have insufficient accuracy to be useful for testing individual patients.What this study adds-The rapid point-of-care test for antibodies to SARS-COV-2 was 90.1% sensitive and 100% specific compared to reference standards for prior infection with COVID-19.-This is comparable to reference antibody tests-The point-of-care test evaluated in this study could be used to support clinical decision-making in real time, for patients presenting with symptoms of possible COVID-19 with at least 10 days of symptoms.

IntroductionSeveral viral respiratory infections - notably influenza - are associated with secondary bacterial infection and additional pathology. The extent to which this applies for COVID-19 is unknown. Accordingly, we aimed to define the bacteria causing secondary pneumonias in COVID-19 ICU patients using the FilmArray Pneumonia Panel, and to determine this test’s potential in COVID-19 management.MethodsCOVID-19 ICU patients with clinically-suspected secondary infection at 5 UK hospitals were tested with the FilmArray at point of care. We collected patient demographic data and compared FilmArray results with routine culture.ResultsWe report results of 110 FilmArray tests on 94 patients (16 had 2 tests): 69 patients (73%) were male, the median age was 59 yrs; 92 were ventilated. Median hospital stay before testing was 14 days (range 1-38). Fifty-nine (54%) tests were positive, with 141 bacteria detected. Most were Enterobacterales (n=55, includingKlebsiellaspp. [n= 35]) orStaphylococcus aureus(n=13), as is typical of hospital and ventilator pneumonia. Community pathogens, includingHaemophilus influenzae(n=8) andStreptococcus pneumoniae(n=1), were rarer. FilmArray detected one additional virus (Rhinovirus/Enterovirus) and no atypical bacteria. Fewer samples (28 % vs. 54%) were positive by routine culture, and fewer species were reported per sample;Klebsiellaspecies remained the most prevalent pathogens.ConclusionFilmArray had a higher diagnostic yield than culture for ICU COVID-19 patients with suspected secondary pneumonias. The bacteria found mostly were Enterobacterales,S. aureusandP. aeruginosa, as in typical HAP/VAP, but withKlebsiellaspp. more prominent. We found almost no viral co-infection. Turnaround from sample to results is around 1h 15 min compared with the usual 72h for culture, giving prescribers earlier data to inform antimicrobial decisions.

This experiment was conducted to study the influence of different sources and rates of some organic manure on growth and heavy metals concentration in spinach plants grown on two different soils. Resultsshowed that values of dry weight (DW) of roots, shoots and total plant of spinach grown on Abou-Rawash and El-Nobaria soils significantly increased by using all the organic manure sources (sewage sludge(SS), banana and cotton composts (BC and CC)) and rates (11, 22, and 44 t/fed)) as compared with control treatment. Thehighest dry weight of roots, shoots and total spinach plants grown on both soils were obtained by using cotton compost (CC) followed by banana compost (BC) and sewage sludge (SS) in decreasing order (CC > BC > SS). The obtained results revealed that DW of spinach plants grown on sandy calcareous soil of El- Nobaria was higher under all the organic manure treatments than those obtained from sandy soil of Abou-Rawash. Moreover, dry weight of spinach plants grown on Abou-Rawash and El-Nobaria soils significantly increased by increasing the application rate from all the used organic manures up to 44 t/fed. Organic manures (SS, BC and CC) led to more significantly increases in the concentration of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Ni in both roots and shoots of spinach plants grown on Abou-Rawash and El-Nobaria soils as compared with control treatment. Theconcentration of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Ni in roots and shoots of spinach plants grown on sandy and calcareous soils were higher when SS was applied to the tested soils in comparison with the addition of the other organic composts (BC and CC). The tested sources of organic manures could be arranged due to their inducing effect on Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Ni concentrations in roots and shoots of spinach plants grown on both soils in the following decreasing order: SS > CC > BC. The efficiency of studied materials on heavy metal concentrations was varied in accordance to sources and rates of application and / or the part of the grown plant. All the concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Ni in spinach plants grown on Abou-Rawash and El-Nobaria soils werewithin the normal ranges of heavy metal in plants and did not reach the phytotoxic levels obtained in the literature. The highest values of extractable and total heavy metals in the two tested soils after spinach plantation were attained by using sewage sludge (SS) following by BC and CC in decreasing order (SS > BC >CC). The values of extractable and total of studied heavy metals in the used soils after spinach plantation follow the order: Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni > Cd. It could be concluded that all the obtained values of DTPA-heavy metals in the used soils are in the normal range and less than tolerable levels of all studied heavy metals, and could be used as the background level of the heavy metals in uncontaminated soils of Egypt.

This experiment was conducted to study the influence of different sources and rates of some organic manure on growth and heavy metals concentration in spinach plants grown on two different soils. The important results could be summarized in the following: results show that values of dry weight (DW) of roots, shoots and total plant of corn grown on Abou-Rawash and El-Nobaria soils significantly increased by using all the organic manure sources (sewage sludge(SS), banana and cotton composts (BC and CC) and rates (11, 22, and 44 t/fed)) as compared with control treatment. There is no significant effect between all the used organic manures (SS, BC, and CC) on dry weight production of roots, shoots and total plant of corn grown on Abou-Rawash sandy soil, but in El-Nobaria sandy calcareous soil, the SS and BC treatments significantly increased dry weight of roots, shoots and total plant of corn in comparison with those obtained by using CC treatment. Furthermore, there is no any significant effect between sewage sludge (SS) and (BC) on the production of the dry weight of different organs of corn plant grown on El-Nobaria soil. Dry weight of corn plants grown on both soils significantly increased by increasing the application rate from all the used organic manures up to 44 t/fed. The highest DW of corn plants grown on both soils were obtained by using BC and rate of 44 t/fed, while the lowest values were attained by using CC and rate of 11 t/fed. All the organic manures (SS, BC and CC) led to more significantly increases in the concentration of Zn, Cu, Pb,Cd and Ni in both roots and shoots of corn plants grown on both soils as compared with control. The concentrations of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Ni in corn plants grown on Abou-Rawash significantly increased when BC was applied as compared with CC. Moreover, there is no clear difference could be found between BC and CC used in sandy calcareous soil of El-Nobaria, and the concentration of all the heavy metals in corn plants followed the order of SS > BC > CC in decreasing order. All the concentration of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Ni in corn plants grown on both soils were within the normal range of heavy metals in plants and did not reach phytotoxic studies in the literature. Application of organic manures (SS, BC and CC) resulted in significantly increases of the extractable DTPA and the total metals of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Ni in both used soils after corn plantation as compared with untreated control. Application of SS significantly increased both extractable and total heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Ni) in Abou-Rawash and El-Nobaria soils after plantation of corn as compared with CC and BC. Also, the addition of banana compost to Abou-Rawash and El-Nobaria soils significantly increased the extractable as well as the total heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd and Ni) after corn plantation when compared with addition of cotton compost. Generally, the highest values of extractable and total heavy metals in the two tested soils after corn plantation were attained by using sewage sludge (SS) following by BC and CC in decreasing order (SS > BC > CC). The values of extractable and total of content of heavy metals took the following order: Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni > Cd after corn plantation. The extractable heavy metals in Abou-Rawash sandy soil were higher than those obtained in El-Nobaria sandy calcareous soil under all the organic manure treatments and the tested soils. The obtained values of DTPAheavy metals in the used soils are in the normal range and less than tolerable levels of all studied heavy metals, and could be used as the background level of the heavy metals in uncontaminated soil of Egypt.

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of elemental sulfur(E.S) rates (300 and 600 ppm) and/or sulfur oxidizing bacteria (S.O.B. ATCC 8158) on growth and nutrients content of sorghum plants grown on different soils (sandy soils(I & II) and clay loam soil).The obtained results could be summarized in the followings:Sorghum plants:Significant increases over the control were observed in fresh and dry weights of sorghum plant as well as its content of SO4=, N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu by using all the sulfur and/or the oxidizing bacteria treatments. Addition of E.S (300 & 600 ppm) in combination with S.O.B. ATCC 8158 significantly increased both fresh and dry weights as well as SO4=, N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu contents of sorghum plants grown on the used soils as compared with either of them alone.E.S rates (300 & 600 ppm) significantly increased the fresh and dry weights as well as all the studied nutrients content (SO4=, N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu) of sorghum plants grown on the different soils as compared with S.O.B. ATCC 8158 treatment alone. The highest rate of E.S (600 ppm) significantly increased all the previous parameters under study as compared with the lower rate (300 ppm). The highest values of fresh and dry weights as well as nutrients content (SO4=, N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu) of sorghum plants grown on the used soils were obtained by 600 ppm E.S + S.O.B. ATCC 8158 treatment followed by 600 ppm E.S; 300 ppm E.S + S.O.B. ATCC 8158; 300 ppm E.S; S.O.B. ATCC 8158 and control treatments in decreasing order.The used soils:E.S rates (300 & 600 ppm) and/or S.O.B. ATCC 8158 decreased pH values of the used soils after 3, 6 and 9 weeks from sowing as compared with their corresponding control treatments. The values of pH of sand soil (I) and clay loam soil slightly decreased by time i.e they decreased from 3 weeks to 9 weeks from plantation. E.S rates (300 & 600 ppm) with or without inoculation the used soils with S.O.B. ATCC 8158 significantly increased SO4=, N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu content of all the used soils as compared with the control and sole S.O.B. ATCC 8158 treatments each alone. The highest values of SO4=, N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu contents of sandy soils (I & II) and clay loam soil took the same trend of these nutrient in sorghum plants. The highest rate of E.S (600 ppm) significantly increased SO4=, N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu contents in all the used soils as compared with the lower rates (300 ppm). All the values of fresh and dry weights as well as all the determined elements in sorghum plants and the used soils were higher when the clay loam soil was used than when the other two sandy soils (I & II) were used. This may be due to the fertility levels of these soils.

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of elemental sulfur (E.S) rate (2.5 g/kg soil) and sulfur oxidizing bacteria on pepper plant and some chemical properties of two representative soil samples varying in their texture and CaCO3 content. Pepper was grown in Shobrakheet clay loam and Nobaria sandy loam soils for 50 days. Each soil was treated with elemental sulfur (2.5 g kg-1 soil) and inoculated with two sulfur oxidizing bacteria (S.O.B. No.8 and S.O.B. ATCC 8158). Elemental sulfur with or without sulfur oxidizing bacteria increased shoot dry weights of pepper plants as compared with control. The highest effect was observed with E.S + ATCC 8158 treatment which resulted in increasing the pepper shoot dry weights from 1.36 to 2.08 g pot-1 with the clay loam soil and from 0.77 to 1.37 g pot-1 with the sandy loam soil. The same treatment resulted in the highest plant content of S, N, P, K and micronutrients.

A field experiment was carried out at the Abis Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University. The soil (clay loam) was treated with sulfur oxidizing bacteria (S.O.B.), municipal refuse compost (O.M), elemental sulfur (E.S) and Cabronite, each alone or in combination. Seeds of cowpea were inoculated with the specific root nodule bacteria (Okadin) before planting.According to the obtained results the following results could be concluded:All the used treatments i.e E.S; O.M; Cabronite and S.O.B. each alone or in combination significantly increased the dry weights of cowpea plants and also increased the roots, shoots and seeds as well the used soil content of S, P, K, N, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu.The application of elemental sulfur with S.O.B. to the soil improved the availability and plant uptake of macro and micro nutrients by cowpea plants as well nutrients content of the used soil.Application of O.M maximized the role of sulfur and S.O.B.It could be concluded that the best treatment which clearly affected growth, nodulation, seed yield and nutrients content of cowpea plants as well as the elemental content of the used soil was elemental sulfur (E.S) + organic matter (O.M) and sulfur oxidizing bacteria (S.O.B.) treatment.

A field experiment was conducted in research and production station, El- Nubaria location, National Research Centre, Egypt during winter season, 2008, to study the effect of different solution fertilizers formula and organic manure on vegetative growth, heads yield quantity and quality as well as nutrient composition of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica).The obtained results showed that all mineral solution fertilizers gave a significant synergistic effect for broccoli growth, yield quantity and quality as well as nutrients composition compared the control (mineral N, P, K recommended fertilizers). The mineral formula 19: 19: 19 recorded the highest growth heads, yield and quality along with mineral content in broccoli. Using farmyard manure plus inorganic fertilizers enhanced all growth and yield parameters. Applying farmyard manure plus the mineral solution fertilizer formula 19: 19: 19 caused the superior and optimum figures of broccoli growth, mineral composition as well as heads yield quantity and quality. Organic manure alone recorded the lowest one.

Pasteurella multocida is a rare cause of infective endocarditis with only a few cases described. This report involves a 38-year-old penicillin-allergic patient in an immunocompromised state with several co-morbidities. Two molecular microbiological techniques, 16S rRNA sequencing and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry were used to confirm the species identification as P. multocida. Previous reports in the literature are also reviewed.