497 results on '"Hagan, R"'
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2. HLAMatchmaker is effective for selecting appropriate platelet units for alloimmunised thrombocytopaenic patients who are refractory to random donor platelets
- Author
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OʼRafferty, C., Rooney, G., Hagan, R., Woolfson, M., OʼDonghaile, D., and Fitzgerald, J.
- Published
- 2017
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3. Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in children: An international, multicentre, prospective cohort study
- Author
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Harrison E. M., Drake T. M., Ghosh D., Ademuyiwa A. O., Bhangu A., Fitzgerald J. E., Glasbey J., Borda-Luque G., Costas-Chavarri A., Ntirenganya F., Fergusson S. J., Ingabire J. C. A., Ismail L., Lilford R., Mihaljevic A. L., Morton D., Mutabazi A. Z., Adisa A. O., Ots R., Pinkney T., Poskus T., Shaw C. A., Verjee A., Runigamugabo E., Khatri C., Mohan M., Jaffry Z., Altamini A., Kirby A., Soreide K., Cornick J., Iyer D., King S., Arthur T., Nahar S. N., Waterman A., Lawini I., Rouse T., Correa J. C., Salem H. K., Worku M., Arnaud A., Kalles V., Aguilera M. L., Recinos G., Quek R., Altibi A., Whitaker J., Bent Z., Al-Slaibi I., Tahboub H., Alser O. H., Shu S., Mironescu A., Bratu M., Altwijri A., Alsaggaf M. U., Jubran A. F., Seisay S., Jeyakumar J., Senanayake K., Abdulbagi O., Raptis D., Kong C., Suresh S., Scott M., Grizhja B., Ymeri S., Galiqi G., Klappenbach R., Antezana D., Beleno A. E. M., Costa C., Sanchez B., Aviles S., Modolo M. M., Fermani C. G., Balmaceda R., Villalobos S., Carmona J. M., Hamill D., Deutschmann P., Sandler S., Cox D., Nataraja R., Sharpin C., Ljuhar D., Gray D., Haines M., Niranjan N., D'Amours S., Ashtari M., Franco H., Mitul A. R., Karim S., Aman N. F., Estee M. M., Salma U., Razzaque J., Hamidkanta T., Tori S., Alamin Md. S., Roy S., Al Amin Md. S., Haque M., Faruq A., Iftekhar F., O'Shea M., Padmore G., Jonnalagadda R., Litvin A., Filatau A., Paulouski D., Shubianok M., Shachykava T., Khokha D., Khokha V., Djivoh F., Lawani I., Dossou F., Seto D. M., Gbessi D. G., Noukpozounkou B., Souaibou Y. I., Keke K. R., Hodonou F., Ahounou E., Alihonou T., Denakpo M., Ahlonsou G., Bedada A. G., Nsengiyumva C., Kwizera S., Barendegere V., Choi P., Stock S., Jamal L., Firdouse M., Zani A., Azzie G., Kushwaha S., Agarwal A., Chen T. -L., Yip C., Montes I., Zapata F., Sierra S., Lanau M. I. V., Arango M. C. M., Restrepo I. M., Giraldo R. S. R., Mendozaarango M., Domini E., Karlo R., Mihanovic J., Youssef M., Elfeki H., Thabet W., Sanad A., Tawfik G., Zaki A., Abdel-Hameed N., Mostafa M., Omar M. F. W., Ghanem A., Abdallah E., Denewer A., Emara E., Rashad E., Sakr A., Elashry R., Emile S., Khafagy T., Elhamouly S., Elfarargy A., Mamdouhmohamed A., Saiednagy G., Esam A., Elwy E., Hammad A., Khallaf S., Ibrahim E., Saidbadr A., Moustafa A., Eldosoukymohammed A., Elgheriany M., Abdelmageed E., Al Raouf E. A., Elbanby E., Elmasry M., Morsyfarahat M., Yahyamansor E., Magdyhegazy E., Gamal E., Gamal H., Kandil H., Maherabdelrouf D., Moaty M., Gamal D., El-Sagheer N., Salah M., Magdy S., Salah A., Essam A., Ali A., Badawy M., Ahmed S., Mohamed M., Assal A., Sleem M., Ebidy M., Abdelrazek A., Zahran D., Adam N., Nazir M., Hassanein A. B., Ismail A., Elsawy A., Mamdouh R., Mabrouk M., Ahmed L. A. M., Hassabalnaby M., Magdy E., Abd-Elmawla M., Fahim M., Mowafy B., Mahmoud M. I., Allam M., Alkelani M., El Gendy N. H., Aboul-Naga M. S., Alaael-Din R., Elgendy A. H., Ismail M., Shalaby M., Elsharkawy A. A., Moghazy M. E., Elbisomy K. H., Shakshouk H. A. G., Hamed M. F., Ebidy M. M., Abdelkader M., Karkeet M., Ahmed H., Adel I., Omar M. E., Ibrahim M., Ghoneim O., Hesham O., Gamal S., Hilal K., Arafa O., Awad S. A., Salem M., Elsherif F. A., Elsabbagh N., Aboelsoud M. R., Rida A. H. E. F., Hossameldin A., Hany E., Asar Y. H., Anwar N., Gadelkarim M., Abdelhady S., Morshedy E. M., Saad R., Soliman N., Salama M., Ezzat E., Mohamed A., Ibrahim A., Fergany A., Mohammed S., Reda A., Allam Y., Saad H. A., Abdelfatah A., Fathy A. M., El-Sehily A., Kasem E. A., Hassan A. T. A., Mohammed A. R., Saad A. G., Elfouly Y., Elfouly N., Hassaan A., Mohammed M. M., Elhoseny G., Magdy M., Elkhalek E. A., Zakaria Y., Ezzat T., El Dahab A. A., Kelany M., Arafa S., Hassan O. M. M., Badwi N. M., Sleem A. S., Abdelbadeai K., Abdullah M. A., Lokman M., Bahar S., Radyabdelazeam A., Adelshone A., Hasnan M. B., Zulkifli A., Kamarulzamil S. N. A., Elhendawy A., Latif A., Adnan A. B., Shaharuddin S., Majid A. H. H. A., Amreia M., Al-Marakby D., Salma M., Basir E. R. M., Ali C. D. M., Ata A. Y., Nasr M., Rezq A., Sheta A., Tariq S., Sallam A., Darwish A. K. Z., Elmihy S., El Hadry S., Farag A., Hajah H., Seliem A., Aglan A., Zohair A., Essam M., Moussa O., El-Gizawy E., Samy M., Ali S., Elhalawany E., Ata A., Elhalawany M., Nashat M., Soliman S., Elazab A., Abdelaziz M. A., Ibrahim K., Ibrahim A. M., Gado A., Hantour U., Eldeen E. A., Loaloa M. R., Abouzaid A., Ahmedbahaaeldin M., Hashad E., Sroor F., Gamil D., Mahmoudabdulhakeem E., Zakaria M., Mohamed F., Abubakr M., Ali E., Magdy H., Ramadan M., Abdelatymohamed M., Mansour S., Abdulazizamin H., Rabiemohamed A., Saami M., Ahmedredaelsayed N., Tarek A., Mohyeldeenmahmoud S., El Sayed I. M., Yusufshawky M., Mousasalem M., El-Din S. A., Soliman N. A., Talaat M., Abdelmoenelhusseiny S. A. -D. A., Abdullah N., Elshaar M., Abdelfatahibraheem A., Abdulaziz H., Ismail M. K., Hamdymadkor M., Abdelaty M., Kader S. M., Mohamedsalah O., Eldafrawy M., Zakieldeeb A., Mahmoudeid M., Attia A., El-Dien K. S., Shwky A., Badenjki M. A., Soliman A., Al Attar S. M., Sayed F., Abdelsabour F., Azizeldine M. G., Shawqi M., Hashim A., Aamer A., Raouf A. M. A., Abdelshakour M., Mahmoud B., Mahmoud M. A., Qenawy M., Rashed A. M., Dahy A., Sayed M., Shamsedine A. W., Mohamed B., Hasan A., Saad M. M., Abdulbassit K., Khalidabdelatif N., Elzahed N., Elkashash A., Bekhet N. M., Hafez S., Gad A., Maher M. E., Abdelsameea A., Hafez M., Sabe A., Ahmed A., Shahine A., Dawood K., Gaafar S., Husseiny R., Aboelmagd O., Mesbah N., Emadeldin H., Almeligy A., Bekhet A. H., Hasan D., Alhady K., Sabe A. K., Elnajjar M. A., Aboelella M., Hamsho W., Hassan I., Saad H., Abdelazim G., Mahmoud H., Wael N., Kandil A. M., Magdy A., Saidelkholy S., Adel B., Dabbour K., Elsherbiney S., Mattar O., Abdrabou A. K., Aly M. Y. M., Geuoshy A., Elnagar A., Abdelmotaleb I., Saleh A. A., Mohammedbakry H., Saeed M., Mahmoud S., Tawfik B., Ismail S. A., Zakaria E., Gad M. O., Elhelbawy M., Bassem M., Khaledabdel-Latif N., Maraie N., Elhadary N. M., Semeda N., Rabiemohamed S., Bakry H. M., Essam A. A., Tarek D., Ashour K., Elhadad A., Abdel-Aty A., Rakha I., Matter S. M., Abdelhamed R., Abdelkader O., Soliman Y., Ghanem S., Farouk S. A. M., Ibrahim E. M., El-Taher E., Mahrousbadr M., El-Sawy R. E. A., Bakr A., Al Rafati A. A. R., Saar S., Reinsoo A., Talving P., Seyoum N., Worku T., Fitsum A., Tolonen M., Leppaniemi A., Sallinen V., Parmentier B., Peycelon M., Irtan S., Dardenne S., Robert E., Maillot B., Courboin E., Arnaud A. P., Hascoet J., Abbo O., Kaci A. A., Prudhomme T., Ballouhey Q., Grosos C., Fourcade L., Cecilia T., Jean-Francois C., Helene F. -C., Delforge X., Haraux E., Dousset B., Schiavone R., Gaujoux S., Marret J. -B., Haffreingue A., Rod J., Renaux-Petel M., Lecompte J. -F., Breaud J., Gastaldi P., Taieb C., Claire R., Anis E., Bustangi N., Lopez M., Scalabre A., Grella M. G., Mariani A., Podevin G., Schmitt F., Hervieux E., Broch A., Muller C., Tabiri S., Kojo A. T. T., Bandoh D., Abantanga F., Kyereh M., Asumah H., Appiah E. K., Wondoh P., Gyedu A., Dally C., Amoah K. A. M., Yifieyeh A., Agbedinu K., Owusu F., Amoako-Boateng M., Dayie M., Hagan R., Debrah S., Ohene-Yeboah M., Clegg-Lampety J. -N., Etwire V., Dakubo J., Essoun S., Bonney W., Glover-Addy H., Osei-Nketiah S., Amoako J., Adu-Aryee N., Appeadu-Mensah W., Bediako-Bowan A., Dedey F., Ekow M., Akatibo E., Yakubu M., Kordorwu H. E. K., Asare-Bediako K., Tackie E., Aaniana K., Acquah E., Opoku-Agyeman R., Avoka A., Kusi K., Maison K., Gyamfi F. 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A., Mingrone P., Pata D., Selvaggi F., Selvaggi L., Pellino G., Di Martino N., Curletti G., Aonzo P., Galleano R., Berti S., Francone E., Boni S., Lorenzon L., Lo Conte A., Balducci G., Confalonieri G., Pesenti G., Gavagna L., Vasquez G., Targa S., Occhionorelli S., Andreotti D., Pata G., Aquilino F., Chetta N., Picciariello A., Abdelkhalek M., Belli A., de Franciscis S., Bigaran A., Favero A., Basso S. M. M., Salusso P., Perino M., Mochet S., Sasia D., Riente F., Migliore M., Merlini D., Basilico S., Corbellini C., Lazzari V., Macchitella Y., Bonavina L., Angelieri D., Coletta D., Falaschi F., Catani M., Reali C., Malavenda M., Del Basso C., Ribaldi S., Coletti M., Natili A., Depalma N., Iannone I., Antoniozzi A., Rossi D., Gui D., Perrotta G., Ripa M., Giardino F. R., Foco M., Vicario E., Coccolini F., Ansaloni L., Nita G. 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J., Gaizauskas V., Grisin E., Mazrimas P., Rackauskas R., Drungilas M., Lagunavicius K., Lipnickas V., Majauskyte D., Jotautas V., Abaliksta T., Uscinas L., Simutis G., Ladukas A., Danys D., Laugzemys E., Mikalauskas S., Sruogiene E. Z., Visinskas P., Zilinskiene R., Dragatas D., Burmistrovas A., Tverskis Z., Vaicius A., Mazelyte R., Zadoroznas A., Kaselis N., Ziubryte G., Rahantasoa F. C. F. P., Samison L. H., Rasoaherinomenjanahary F., Tolotra T. E. C., Mukuzunga C., Msosa V., Kwatiwani C., Msiska N., Chai F. Y., Asilah S. M. D., Syibrah K. Z., Chin P. X., Salleh A., Riswan N. Z., Roslani A. C., Chong H. -Y., Aziz N. A., Poh K. -S., Chai C. -A., Taher M. M., Kosai N. R., Aziz D. N. A., Rajan R., Julaihi R., Jethwani D. L., Yahaya M. T., Abdullah N. A. N., Mathew S. W., Chung K. J., Nirumal M. K., Tze R. G. E., Ali S. A. W. E. W., Gan Y. Y., Ting J. R. S., Sii S. S. Y., Koay K. L., Tan Y. K., Cheah A. E. Z., Wong C. Y., Mat T. N. T., Chow C. Y. N., Har P. A. L., Der Y., Tew Y. Y., Henry F., Low X., Neo Y. T., Heng H. E., Kong S. N., Gan C., Mok Y. T., Tan Y. W., Palayan K., Devatata M., Cheong Y. J., Gunaseelan K., Nasir W. N. A. W. M., Yoganathan P., Lee E. X., Saw J. E., Yeang L. J., Koh P. Y., Lim S. Y., Teo S. Y., Grech N., Magri D., Cassar K., Mizzi C., Falzon M., Shaikh N., Scicluna R., Zammit S., Borg E., Mizzi S., Brincat S. D., Tembo T., Le V. T. H., Grima T., Sammut K., Carabott K., Farrugia A., Zarb C., Navarro A., Dimech T., Camilleri G., Bertuello I., Dalli J., Bonavia K., Corro-Diaz S., Manriquez-Reyes M., Ramos-De la Medina A., Abdelhamid A., Hrora A., Benammi S., Bachri H., Abbouch M., Boukhal K., Bennai R. M., Belkouchi A., Jabal M. S., Benyaiche C., Vermaas M., Duinhouwer L., Pastora J., Wood G., Merlo M. S., Ajao A., Ayandipo O., Lawal T., Abdurrazzaaq A., Habeeb O., Alada M., Nasir A., Adeniran J., Popoola A., Adeyeye A., Adebanjo A., Adesanya O., Adeniyi A., Mendel H., Bello B., Muktar U., Osinowo A., Olajide T. O., Oshati O., Ihediwa G., Adenekan B., Nwinee V., Alakaloko F., Ademuyiwa A., Elebute O., Lawal A., Bode C., Olugbemi M., Adesina A., Faturoti O., Odutola O., Adebola O., Onuoha C., Taiwo O., Williams O., Balogun F., Ajai O., Oludara M., Njokanma I., Osuoji R., Kache S., Ajah J., Makama J., Adamu A., Baba S., Aliyu M., Aliyu S., Ukwenya Y., Aliyu H., Sholadoye T., Daniyan M., Ogunsua O., Anyanwu L. -J., Sheshe A., Mohammad A., Olori S. D., Mshelbwala P., Odeyemi B., Samson G., Timothy O. K., Samuel S. A., Ajiboye A., Amole I., Abiola O., Olaolorun A., Veen T., Kanani A., Styles K., Herikstad R., Larsen J. W., Soreide J. A., Jensen E., Gran M., Aahlin E. K., Gaarder T., Monrad-Hansen P. W., Naess P. A., Lauzikas G., Wiborg J., Holte S., Augestad K., Banipal G., Monteleone M., Moe T., Schultz J., Al-Taher T., Hamdan A., Salman A., Saadeh R., Musleh A., Jaradat D., Abushamleh S., Hanoun S., Qumbos A. A., Hamarshi A., Taher A. A., Qawasmi I., Qurie K., Altarayra M., Ghannam M., Shaheen A., Herebat A., Abdelhaq A., Shalabi A., Abu-Toyour M., Asi F., Shamasneh A., Atiyeh A., Mustafa M., Zaatreh R., Dabboor M., Alaloul E., Baraka H., Meqbil J., Al-Buhaisi A., Elshami M., Afana S., Jaber S., Alyacoubi S., Abuowda Y., Idress T., Abuqwaider E., Al-Saqqa S. W., Bowabsak A., Eljamassi A., Hasanain D., Al-Farram H., Firwana A., Hamdan M., Awad I., Ashour A., Al Barrawi F. E., Al-Khatib A., Al-Faqawi M., Fares M., Elmashala A., Adawi M., Adawi I., Khreishi R., Ghaben A., Nadeem N., Saqlain M., Abbasy J., Alvi A. R., Gala T., Shahzad N., Bhopal K. F., Iftikhar Z., Butt M. T., Ul Razi S. A., Niazi A. K., Raza I., Baluch F., Raza A., Bani-Sadar A., Qureshi A. U., Adil M., Javaid M., Waqar M., Khan M., Arshad M., Amjad M., Vega G. M. M., Cardozo J. T., Roche M. O., Servin G. R. P., Lohse H. A. S., Lopez L. I. P., Cardozo R. A. M., Espinoza F., Rojas A. D. P., Sanchez D., Samaniego C. S., Torres S. G., Calua A. C., Razuri C., Ortiz N., Rodriguez X., Carrasco N., Saravia F., Miyasato H. S., Valcarcel-Saldana M., Bermudez Y. E. A., Carpio J., Ruizpanez W., Toribioorbegozo P., Duenas C. G., Espinoza K. T., Barrantes A. M. S., Chungui J., Fuentes-Rivera L., Fernandez C., Romani D., Barbara, Ye J., Velasquez R., Salcedo J., Contreras-Vergara A. L., Mejia A. G. V., Montejo M. S. G., Escalantesalas M., Alccaticona W., Vargas M., Manriquesila G., Mas R., del Pilar Paucar A., Velasquez A. J. R., Robledo-Rabanal A., Solis L. A. Z., Hamaguchi J. L. H., Farfan E. S. F., Barrientos L. A. M., Matta J. J. H., Mora J. J. V., Redota M. A. P., Roxas M. F., Mano M. J. B., Parreno-Sacdalan M. D., Lapitan M. C., Almanon C. L., Waledziak M., Roszkowski R., Janik M., Lasek A., Major P., Radkowiak D., Rubinkiewicz M., Fernandes C., Costa-Maia J., Melo R., Muntean L., Mironescu A. S., Vida L. C., Kourdouli A., Popa M., Mircea H., Vartic M., Diaconescu B., Bratu M. R., Negoi I., Beuran M., Ciubotaru C., Alphonse M., Uzabumwana N., Duhoranenayo D., Jovine E., Zanini N., Landolfo G., Aljiffry M., Idris F., Alghamdi M. S. A., Maghrabi A., Altaf A., Khalifah E., Gudal A., Albiety A., Alkaaki A., Alshareef R., Khoja A., Nawawi A., Najjar M., Turkustani S., Sahel S., Alzahrani A., Alghamdi A., Alhazmi W., Al Saied G., Alamoudi M., Riaz M. M., Hassanain M., Alhassan B., Altamimi A., Alyahya R., Alsubaie N., Albastawis F., Nouh T., Khan R., Radojkovic M., Jeremic L., Nestorovic M., Law J. H., Tan K. S. K., Tan R. C. K., Tan J. K., Joel L. W. L., Lieske B., Chan X. W., Leong F. Q. H., Chong C. S., Koh S., Lee K. Y., Lee K. C., Pluke K., Dedekind B., Nashidengo P., Hampton M. I., Joosten J., Sobnach S., Roodt L., Sander A., Pape J., Spence R., Maistry N., Ndwambi P., Kinandu K., Tun M., du Toit F., Ellison Q., Burger S., Grobler D. C., Khulu L. B., Moore R., Jennings V., Leusink A., Kariem N., Gouws J., Chu K., Bougard H., Noor F., Dell A., Rayne S., van Straten S., Khamajeet A., Tshisola S. K., Kabongo K., Kong V., Moodley Y., Anderson F., Madiba T., du Plooy F., Hartford L., Chilton G., Karjiker P., Mabitsela M., Ndlovu S., Badicel M., Jaich R., Ruiz-Tovar J., Garcia-Florez L., Otero-Diez J. L., Ramosperez V., Aguadosuarez N., Garcia J. M., Moreno S. C., Collado M. V., Carneros V. J., Septiem J. G., Gonzalez M., Picardo A., Esteban E., Ferrero E., Ortega I., Espin-Basany E., Blanco-Colino R., Andriola V., Lorena I., Contreras E., Garciabernardo C., Pagnozzi J., Sanz S., Miyardeleon A., Dorisme A., Rodicio J., Suarez A., Stuva J., Diazvico T., Fernandez-Vega L., Soldevila-Verdeguer C., Sena-Ruiz F., Pujol-Cano N., Diaz-Jover P., Garcia-Perez J. M., Segura-Sampedro J. J., Pineno-Flores C., Ambrona-Zafra D., Craus-Miguel A., Jimenez-Morillas P., Mazzella A., Jayathilake A. B., Thalgaspitiya S. P. B., Wijayarathna L. S., Wimalge P. M. S. N., Sanni H. A., Ndajiwo A., Okenabirhie O., Homeida A., Younis A., Omer O. A., Abdulaziz M., Mussad A., Gilani A. M., Cengiz Y., Bjorklund I., Ahlqvist S., Thorell A., Wogensen F., Sokratous A., Breistrand M., Thorarinsdottir H., Sigurdadottir J., Nikberg M., Chabok A., Hjertberg M., Elbe P., Saraste D., Rutkowski W., Forlin L., Niska K., Sund M., Oswald D., Peros G., Bluelle R., Reinisch K., Frey D., Palma A., Zumbuhl L., Zuber M., Schmid R., Werder G., Nocito A., Gerosa A., Mahanty S., Widmer L. W., Muller J., Gubeli A., Zuk G., Gulcicek O. B., Altinel Y., Vartanoglu T., Kose E., Karahan S. R., Aydin M. C., Sahbaz N. A., Halicioglu I., Alis H., Sapci I., Adiyaman C., Pektas A. M., Cengiz T. B., Tansoker I., Isler V., Cevik M., Mutlu D., Ozben V., Ozmen B. B., Bayram S., Yolcu S., Kobal B. B., Toto O. F., Cakaloglu H. C., Karabulut K., Mutlu V., Ozkan B. B., Celik S., Semiz A., Bodur S., Gul E., Murutoglu B., Yildirim R., Baki B. 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D., Irwin G., Johnston R., Gani M., Gravante G., Rajmohan S., Majid K., Dindyal S., Smith C., Palliyil M., Patel S., Nicholson L., Harvey N., Baillie K., Shillito S., Kershaw S., Bamford R., Orton P., Reunis E., Tyler R., Soon W., Jama G. M., Dhillon D., Patel K., Nanthakumaran S., Heard R., Chen K. Y., Barmayehvar B., Datta U., Kamarajah S. K., Iftekhartani S., Monaghan E., Donnelly P., Walker M., Parakh J., Blacker S., Kaul A., Paramasivan A., Farag S., Nessa A., Awadallah S., Lim J., Cheankhunng J., Gash K., Kiran R. P., Murray A., Etchill E., Dasari M., Puyana J., Haddad N., Zielinski M., Choudhry A., Caliman C., Beamon M., Duane T., Narayanan R., Swaroop M., Myers J., Deal R., Schadde E., Hemmila M., Napolitano L., To K., Makupe A., Musowoya J., Maimbo M., van der Naald N., Kumwenda D., Reece-Smith A., Otten K., Verbeek A., Prins M., Suarez A. A. B., Deane C., Dijan E., Elfiky M., Koskenvuo L., Thollot A., Limoges B., Capito C., Alexandre C., Kotobi H., Leroux J., Pinnagoda K., Henric N., Azzis O., Rosello O., Francois P., Etienne S., Buisson P., Hmila S., Clegg-Lamptey J. -N., Imoro O., Abem O. E., Papageorgiou D., Soulou V., Asturias S., Pena L., Connor D. B. O., Luc A. R., Russo A. A., Ruzzenente A., Taddei A., Cona C., Bottini C., Pascale G., Rotunno G., Solaini L., Pascale M. M., Notarnicola M., Corbellino M., Sacco M., Ubiali P., Cautiero R., Bocchetti T., Muzio E., Guglielmo V., Morandi E., Mao P., de Luca E., Ali F. M., Strupas K., Kondrotas P., Baltrunas R., Kutkevicius J., Ignatavicius P., Tan C. L., Siaw J. Y., Yam S. Y., Wilson L., Aziz M. R. A., Bondin J., Zorrilla C. D., Majbar A., Sale D., Abdullahi L., Osagie O., Faboya O., Fatuga A., Taiwo A., Nwabuoku E., Bliksoen M., Khan Z. A., Coronel J., Miranda C., Vasquez I., Helguero-Santin L. M., Rickard J., Adedeji A., Alqahtani S., Rath M., van Niekerk M., Koto M. Z., Matos-Puig R., Israelsson L., Schuetz T., Yuksek M. A., Mericliler M., Wolf B., Fairfield C., Yong G. L., Whitehurst K., Redgrave N., Musyoka C. K., Olivier J., Lee K., Cox M., Farhan-Alanie M. M. H., Callan R., Chibuye C., Ali T. H. A., Rekhis S., Rommaneh M., Sam Z. H., Pugliesi T. B., Pardo G., Harrison, E. M., Drake, T. M., Ghosh, D., Ademuyiwa, A. O., Bhangu, A., Fitzgerald, J. E., Glasbey, J., Borda-Luque, G., Costas-Chavarri, A., Ntirenganya, F., Fergusson, S. J., Ingabire, J. C. A., Ismail, L., Lilford, R., Mihaljevic, A. L., Morton, D., Mutabazi, A. Z., Adisa, A. O., Ots, R., Pinkney, T., Poskus, T., Shaw, C. A., Verjee, A., Runigamugabo, E., Khatri, C., Mohan, M., Jaffry, Z., Altamini, A., Kirby, A., Soreide, K., Cornick, J., Iyer, D., King, S., Arthur, T., Nahar, S. N., Waterman, A., Lawini, I., Rouse, T., Correa, J. C., Salem, H. K., Worku, M., Arnaud, A., Kalles, V., Aguilera, M. L., Recinos, G., Quek, R., Altibi, A., Whitaker, J., Bent, Z., Al-Slaibi, I., Tahboub, H., Alser, O. H., Shu, S., Mironescu, A., Bratu, M., Altwijri, A., Alsaggaf, M. U., Jubran, A. F., Seisay, S., Jeyakumar, J., Senanayake, K., Abdulbagi, O., Raptis, D., Kong, C., Suresh, S., Scott, M., Grizhja, B., Ymeri, S., Galiqi, G., Klappenbach, R., Antezana, D., Beleno, A. E. M., Costa, C., Sanchez, B., Aviles, S., Modolo, M. M., Fermani, C. G., Balmaceda, R., Villalobos, S., Carmona, J. M., Hamill, D., Deutschmann, P., Sandler, S., Cox, D., Nataraja, R., Sharpin, C., Ljuhar, D., Gray, D., Haines, M., Niranjan, N., D'Amours, S., Ashtari, M., Franco, H., Mitul, A. R., Karim, S., Aman, N. F., Estee, M. M., Salma, U., Razzaque, J., Hamidkanta, T., Tori, S., Alamin, Md. S., Roy, S., Al Amin, Md. S., Haque, M., Faruq, A., Iftekhar, F., O'Shea, M., Padmore, G., Jonnalagadda, R., Litvin, A., Filatau, A., Paulouski, D., Shubianok, M., Shachykava, T., Khokha, D., Khokha, V., Djivoh, F., Lawani, I., Dossou, F., Seto, D. M., Gbessi, D. G., Noukpozounkou, B., Souaibou, Y. I., Keke, K. R., Hodonou, F., Ahounou, E., Alihonou, T., Denakpo, M., Ahlonsou, G., Bedada, A. G., Nsengiyumva, C., Kwizera, S., Barendegere, V., Choi, P., Stock, S., Jamal, L., Firdouse, M., Zani, A., Azzie, G., Kushwaha, S., Agarwal, A., Chen, T. -L., Yip, C., Montes, I., Zapata, F., Sierra, S., Lanau, M. I. V., Arango, M. C. M., Restrepo, I. M., Giraldo, R. S. R., Mendozaarango, M., Domini, E., Karlo, R., Mihanovic, J., Youssef, M., Elfeki, H., Thabet, W., Sanad, A., Tawfik, G., Zaki, A., Abdel-Hameed, N., Mostafa, M., Omar, M. F. W., Ghanem, A., Abdallah, E., Denewer, A., Emara, E., Rashad, E., Sakr, A., Elashry, R., Emile, S., Khafagy, T., Elhamouly, S., Elfarargy, A., Mamdouhmohamed, A., Saiednagy, G., Esam, A., Elwy, E., Hammad, A., Khallaf, S., Ibrahim, E., Saidbadr, A., Moustafa, A., Eldosoukymohammed, A., Elgheriany, M., Abdelmageed, E., Al Raouf, E. A., Elbanby, E., Elmasry, M., Morsyfarahat, M., Yahyamansor, E., Magdyhegazy, E., Gamal, E., Gamal, H., Kandil, H., Maherabdelrouf, D., Moaty, M., Gamal, D., El-Sagheer, N., Salah, M., Magdy, S., Salah, A., Essam, A., Ali, A., Badawy, M., Ahmed, S., Mohamed, M., Assal, A., Sleem, M., Ebidy, M., Abdelrazek, A., Zahran, D., Adam, N., Nazir, M., Hassanein, A. B., Ismail, A., Elsawy, A., Mamdouh, R., Mabrouk, M., Ahmed, L. A. M., Hassabalnaby, M., Magdy, E., Abd-Elmawla, M., Fahim, M., Mowafy, B., Mahmoud, M. I., Allam, M., Alkelani, M., El Gendy, N. H., Aboul-Naga, M. S., Alaael-Din, R., Elgendy, A. H., Ismail, M., Shalaby, M., Elsharkawy, A. A., Moghazy, M. E., Elbisomy, K. H., Shakshouk, H. A. G., Hamed, M. F., Ebidy, M. M., Abdelkader, M., Karkeet, M., Ahmed, H., Adel, I., Omar, M. E., Ibrahim, M., Ghoneim, O., Hesham, O., Gamal, S., Hilal, K., Arafa, O., Awad, S. A., Salem, M., Elsherif, F. A., Elsabbagh, N., Aboelsoud, M. R., Rida, A. H. E. F., Hossameldin, A., Hany, E., Asar, Y. H., Anwar, N., Gadelkarim, M., Abdelhady, S., Morshedy, E. M., Saad, R., Soliman, N., Salama, M., Ezzat, E., Mohamed, A., Ibrahim, A., Fergany, A., Mohammed, S., Reda, A., Allam, Y., Saad, H. A., Abdelfatah, A., Fathy, A. M., El-Sehily, A., Kasem, E. A., Hassan, A. T. A., Mohammed, A. R., Saad, A. G., Elfouly, Y., Elfouly, N., Hassaan, A., Mohammed, M. M., Elhoseny, G., Magdy, M., Elkhalek, E. A., Zakaria, Y., Ezzat, T., El Dahab, A. A., Kelany, M., Arafa, S., Hassan, O. M. M., Badwi, N. M., Sleem, A. S., Abdelbadeai, K., Abdullah, M. A., Lokman, M., Bahar, S., Radyabdelazeam, A., Adelshone, A., Hasnan, M. B., Zulkifli, A., Kamarulzamil, S. N. A., Elhendawy, A., Latif, A., Adnan, A. B., Shaharuddin, S., Majid, A. H. H. A., Amreia, M., Al-Marakby, D., Salma, M., Basir, E. R. M., Ali, C. D. M., Ata, A. Y., Nasr, M., Rezq, A., Sheta, A., Tariq, S., Sallam, A., Darwish, A. K. Z., Elmihy, S., El Hadry, S., Farag, A., Hajah, H., Seliem, A., Aglan, A., Zohair, A., Essam, M., Moussa, O., El-Gizawy, E., Samy, M., Ali, S., Elhalawany, E., Ata, A., Elhalawany, M., Nashat, M., Soliman, S., Elazab, A., Abdelaziz, M. A., Ibrahim, K., Ibrahim, A. M., Gado, A., Hantour, U., Eldeen, E. A., Loaloa, M. R., Abouzaid, A., Ahmedbahaaeldin, M., Hashad, E., Sroor, F., Gamil, D., Mahmoudabdulhakeem, E., Zakaria, M., Mohamed, F., Abubakr, M., Ali, E., Magdy, H., Ramadan, M., Abdelatymohamed, M., Mansour, S., Abdulazizamin, H., Rabiemohamed, A., Saami, M., Ahmedredaelsayed, N., Tarek, A., Mohyeldeenmahmoud, S., El Sayed, I. M., Yusufshawky, M., Mousasalem, M., El-Din, S. A., Soliman, N. A., Talaat, M., Abdelmoenelhusseiny, S. A. -D. A., Abdullah, N., Elshaar, M., Abdelfatahibraheem, A., Abdulaziz, H., Ismail, M. K., Hamdymadkor, M., Abdelaty, M., Kader, S. M., Mohamedsalah, O., Eldafrawy, M., Zakieldeeb, A., Mahmoudeid, M., Attia, A., El-Dien, K. S., Shwky, A., Badenjki, M. A., Soliman, A., Al Attar, S. M., Sayed, F., Abdelsabour, F., Azizeldine, M. G., Shawqi, M., Hashim, A., Aamer, A., Raouf, A. M. A., Abdelshakour, M., Mahmoud, B., Mahmoud, M. A., Qenawy, M., Rashed, A. M., Dahy, A., Sayed, M., Shamsedine, A. W., Mohamed, B., Hasan, A., Saad, M. M., Abdulbassit, K., Khalidabdelatif, N., Elzahed, N., Elkashash, A., Bekhet, N. M., Hafez, S., Gad, A., Maher, M. E., Abdelsameea, A., Hafez, M., Sabe, A., Ahmed, A., Shahine, A., Dawood, K., Gaafar, S., Husseiny, R., Aboelmagd, O., Mesbah, N., Emadeldin, H., Almeligy, A., Bekhet, A. H., Hasan, D., Alhady, K., Sabe, A. K., Elnajjar, M. A., Aboelella, M., Hamsho, W., Hassan, I., Saad, H., Abdelazim, G., Mahmoud, H., Wael, N., Kandil, A. M., Magdy, A., Saidelkholy, S., Adel, B., Dabbour, K., Elsherbiney, S., Mattar, O., Abdrabou, A. K., Aly, M. Y. M., Geuoshy, A., Elnagar, A., Abdelmotaleb, I., Saleh, A. A., Mohammedbakry, H., Saeed, M., Mahmoud, S., Tawfik, B., Ismail, S. A., Zakaria, E., Gad, M. O., Elhelbawy, M., Bassem, M., Khaledabdel-Latif, N., Maraie, N., Elhadary, N. M., Semeda, N., Rabiemohamed, S., Bakry, H. M., Essam, A. A., Tarek, D., Ashour, K., Elhadad, A., Abdel-Aty, A., Rakha, I., Matter, S. M., Abdelhamed, R., Abdelkader, O., Soliman, Y., Ghanem, S., Farouk, S. A. M., Ibrahim, E. M., El-Taher, E., Mahrousbadr, M., El-Sawy, R. E. A., Bakr, A., Al Rafati, A. A. R., Saar, S., Reinsoo, A., Talving, P., Seyoum, N., Worku, T., Fitsum, A., Tolonen, M., Leppaniemi, A., Sallinen, V., Parmentier, B., Peycelon, M., Irtan, S., Dardenne, S., Robert, E., Maillot, B., Courboin, E., Arnaud, A. P., Hascoet, J., Abbo, O., Kaci, A. A., Prudhomme, T., Ballouhey, Q., Grosos, C., Fourcade, L., Cecilia, T., Jean-Francois, C., Helene, F. -C., Delforge, X., Haraux, E., Dousset, B., Schiavone, R., Gaujoux, S., Marret, J. -B., Haffreingue, A., Rod, J., Renaux-Petel, M., Lecompte, J. -F., Breaud, J., Gastaldi, P., Taieb, C., Claire, R., Anis, E., Bustangi, N., Lopez, M., Scalabre, A., Grella, M. G., Mariani, A., Podevin, G., Schmitt, F., Hervieux, E., Broch, A., Muller, C., Tabiri, S., Kojo, A. T. T., Bandoh, D., Abantanga, F., Kyereh, M., Asumah, H., Appiah, E. K., Wondoh, P., Gyedu, A., Dally, C., Amoah, K. A. M., Yifieyeh, A., Agbedinu, K., Owusu, F., Amoako-Boateng, M., Dayie, M., Hagan, R., Debrah, S., Ohene-Yeboah, M., Clegg-Lampety, J. -N., Etwire, V., Dakubo, J., Essoun, S., Bonney, W., Glover-Addy, H., Osei-Nketiah, S., Amoako, J., Adu-Aryee, N., Appeadu-Mensah, W., Bediako-Bowan, A., Dedey, F., Ekow, M., Akatibo, E., Yakubu, M., Kordorwu, H. E. K., Asare-Bediako, K., Tackie, E., Aaniana, K., Acquah, E., Opoku-Agyeman, R., Avoka, A., Kusi, K., Maison, K., Gyamfi, F. E., Naabarnabas, G., Abdul-Latif, S., Taahamoako, P., Davor, A., Dassah, V., Dagoe, E., Kwakyeafriyie, P., Akoto, E., Ackom, E., Mensah, E., Atkins, E. T., Coompson, C. L., Ivros, N., Ferousis, C., Agalianos, C., Kyriazanos, I., Barkolias, C., Tselos, A., Tzikos, G., Voulgaris, E., Lytras, D., Bamicha, A., Psarianos, K., Stefanopoulos, A., Patoulias, I., Sfougaris, D., Valioulis, I., Balalis, D., Korkolis, D., Manatakis, D. K., Kyrou, G., Karabelias, G., Papaskarlatos, I. -A., Konstantina, K., Zampitis, N., Germanos, S., Papailia, A., Theodosopoulos, T., Gkiokas, G., Mitroudi, M., Panteli, C., Feidantsis, T., Farmakis, K., Kyziridis, D., Ioannidis, O., Parpoudi, S., Gemenetzis, G., Parasyris, S., Anthoulakis, C., Nikoloudis, N., Margaritis, M., Aguilera-Arevalo, M. -L., Coyoy-Gaitan, O., Rosales, J., Tale, L., Soley, R., Barrios, E., Rodriguez, S. T. T., Pazgalvez, C., Herreracruz, D., Rosenberg, G. S., Matheu, A., Cohen, D. M., Paul, M., Charles, A., Lam, J. C. Y., Yeung, M. H. A., Fok, C. Y. J., Li, K. H. G., Lai, A. C. -H., Cheung, Y. H. E., Wong, H. Y., Leung, K. W., Lee, T. S. B., Lam, W. H., Dao, W., Kwok, S. H. -W., Chan, T. -Y. K., Ng, Y. K., Liu, Q., Foo, C. C., Yang, J., Kumar, B., Bhatnagar, A., Upadhyaya, V., Kumar, S., Muddebihal, U., Dar, W., Kc, J., Alexander, P., Aruldas, N., Adella, F. J., Rulie, A. S., Iskandar, F., Setiawan, J., Evajelista, C. V., Natalie, H., Arlindawati, Gunawan, R., Karismaningtyas, H., Mata, L., Andika, F., Hasanah, A., Widiastini, T. A., Purwaningsih, N., Mukin, A. D. F., Rahmah, D., Nurqistan, H., Arsyad, H., Adhitama, N., Jeo, W., Sutandi, N., Clarissa, A., Gultom, P. A., Billy, M., Haloho, A., Amandito, R., Johanna, N., Lee, F., Dorani, R. M. N. R., Glynn, M., Alherz, M., Goh, W., Shiwani, H. A., Sproule, L., Conlon, K. C., Bala, M., Kedar, A., Turati, L., Bianco, F., Steccanella, F., Gallo, G., Trompetto, M., Clerico, G., Papandrea, M., Sammarco, G., Sacco, R., Benevento, A., Pata, F., Giavarini, L., Giglio, M. C., Bucci, L., Pagano, G., Sollazzo, V., Peltrini, R., Luglio, G., Birindelli, A., Di Saverio, S., Tugnoli, G., Paludi, M. A., Mingrone, P., Pata, D., Selvaggi, F., Selvaggi, L., Pellino, G., Di Martino, N., Curletti, G., Aonzo, P., Galleano, R., Berti, S., Francone, E., Boni, S., Lorenzon, L., Lo Conte, A., Balducci, G., Confalonieri, G., Pesenti, G., Gavagna, L., Vasquez, G., Targa, S., Occhionorelli, S., Andreotti, D., Pata, G., Aquilino, F., Chetta, N., Picciariello, A., Abdelkhalek, M., Belli, A., de Franciscis, S., Bigaran, A., Favero, A., Basso, S. M. 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Ella, Irwin, Gareth, Stoddart, Michael, Kabariti, Rakan, Suresh, Sukrit, Gash, Katherine, Scott, Mark, Narayanan, Ragavan, Maimbo, Mayaba, Grizhja, Besmir, Ymeri, Shpetim, Galiqi, Gezim, Klappenbach, Roberto, Antezana, Diego, Enrique MendozaBeleño, Alvaro, Costa, Cecilia, Sanchez, Belen, Aviles, Susan, Gabriel Fermani, Claudio, Balmaceda, Rubén, Villalobos, Santiago, Manuel Carmona, Juan, Hamill, Daniel, Deutschmann, Peter, Sandler, Simone, Cox, Daniel, Nataraja, Ram, Sharpin, Claire, Ljuhar, Damir, Gray, Demi, Haines, Morgan, Iyer, Dush, Niranjan, Nithya, D'Amours, Scott, Ashtari, Morvarid, Franco, Helena, Rahman Mitul, Ashrarur, Karim, Sabbir, F Aman, Nowrin, Mahfuz Estee, Mahnuma, Salma, Umme, Razzaque, Joyeta, Hamidkanta, Tasnia, Tori, Sayeedaaktar, Shadid Alamin, Md, Roy, Swapnil, Shadid Al Amin, Md, Haque, Muhtarima, Faruq, Amreen, Iftekhar Margaret, Farhana, Padmore O'Shea, Greg, Jonnalagadda, Ramesh, Litvin, Andrey, Filatau, Aliaksandr, Paulouski, Dzmitry, Shubianok, Maryna, Shachykava, Tatsiana, Khokha, Dziani, Khokha, Vladimir, Djivoh, Fernande, Lawani, Ismaïl, Dossou, Franci, Morel Seto, Djifid, Gaspard Gbessi, Dansou, Noukpozounkou, Bruno, Imorou Souaibou, Yacoubou, René Keke, Kpèmahouton, Hodonou, Fred, Ahounou, Ernestyemalinstephane, Alihonou, Thierry, Dénakpo, Max, Ahlonsou, Germain, Ginbo Bedada, Alemayehu, Nsengiyumva, Carlo, Kwizera, Sandrine, Barendegere, Venerand, Choi, Philip, Stock, Simon, Jamal, Luai, Azzie, George, Kushwaha, Sameer, Chen, Tzu-Ling, Yip, Chingwan, Montes, Irene, Zapata, Felipe, Sierra, Sebastian, Youssef, Mohamed, Elfeki, Hossam, Thabet, Waleed, Sanad, Aly, Tawfik, Gehad, Zaki, Ahmed, Abdel-Hameed, Noran, Mostafa, Mohamed, Abd Elkhalek, Esraa, Zakaria, Yehia, Ezzat, Tarek, Abo ElDahab, Ali, Kelany, Mohamed, Arafa, Sara, Mohamed Hassan, Osamamokhtar, Mohamed Badwi, Nermin, Saber Sleem, Ahmad, Ahmed, Hussien, Abdelbadeai, Kholoud, Abozed Abdullah, Mohamed, Lokman, Muhammadamsyarauni, Bahar, Suraya, Radyabdelazeam, Anan, 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Zanini, Nicola, Landolfo, Giovanni, Aljiffry, Murad, Idris, Faisal, Saleh AAlghamdi, Mohammed, Maghrabi, Ashraf, Altaf, Abdulmalik, Khalifah, Eyad, Albiety, Adel, Alkaaki, Aroub, Alshareef, Reham, Khoja, Ahmad, Nawawi, Abrar, Najjar, Mohammed, Turkustani, Sondo, Sahel, Sarah, Alzahrani, Ahmed, Alghamdi, Ahmed, Alhazmi, Wedyan, Al Saied, Ghiath, Alamoudi, Mohammed, Masood Riaz, Muhammed, Hassanain, Mazen, Alhassan, Basmah, Altamimi, Abdullah, Alyahya, Reem, Alsubaie, Norah, Albastawis, Fatema, Altamimi, Afnan, Nouh, Thamer, Khan, Roaa, Radojkovic, Milan, Jeremic, Ljiljana, Nestorovic, Milica, Hao Law, Jia, Say Kwang Tan, Keith, Kin Tan, Joel, WenLiang Joel, Lau, Wei Chan, Xue, QiHui Leong, Faith, Seng Chong, Choon, Koh, Sharon, Yin Lee, Kai, Chung Lee, Kuok, Pluke, Kent, Dedekind, Britta, Nashidengo, Puyearashid, Ian Hampton, Mark, Joosten, Johanna, Sobnach, Sanju, Roodt, Liana, Sander, Anthony, Pape, Jame, Maistry, Niveshni, Ndwambi, Phumudzo, Kinandu, Kamau, Tun, Myint, Du Toit, Frederick, Ellison, Quinn, Burger, Sule, C Grobler, D, Bongani Khulu, Lawrence, Moore, Rachel, Jennings, Vicky, Leusink, Astrid, Kariem, Nazmie, Gouws, Juan, Chu, Kathryn, Bougard, Heather, Noor, Fazlin, Dell, Angela, Van Straten, Stephanie, Khamajeet, Arvin, Kapenda Tshisola, Serge, Kabongo, Kalangu, Kong, Victor, Moodley, Yoshan, Anderson, Frank, Madiba, Thandinkosi, du Plooy, Flip, Hartford, Leila, Chilton, Gareth, Karjiker, Parveen, Mabitsela, Matlouernest, Ndlovu, Sibongileruth, Badicel, Maria, Jaich, Robert, Ruiz-Tovar, Jaime, Garcia-Florez, Lui, L Otero-Díez, Jorge, Ramospérez, Virginia, Aguadosuárez, Nuria, Minguez García, Javier, Corral Moreno, Sara, Vicenta Collado, Maria, Jiménez Carneros, Virginia, García Septiem, Javier, Gonzalez, Mariana, Picardo, Antonio, Esteban, Enrique, Ferrero, Esther, Espin-Basany, Eloy, Blanco-Colino, Ruth, Andriola, Valeria, Solargarcía, Lorena, Contreras, Elisa, Garcíabernardo, Carmen, Pagnozzi, Janet, Sanz, Sandra, Miyardeleón, Alberto, Dorismé, Asnel, Rodicio, Joselui, Suarez, Aida, Stuva, Jessica, Diazvico, Tamara, Fernandez-Vega, Laura, Soldevila-Verdeguer, Carla, Sena-Ruiz, Fatima, Pujol-Cano, Natalia, Diaz-Jover, Paula, Maria Garcia-Perez, José, Jose Segura-Sampedro, Juan, Pineño-Flores, Cristina, Ambrona-Zafra, David, Craus-Miguel, Andrea, Jimenez-Morillas, Patricia, Mazzella, Angela, B Jayathilake, A, B Thalgaspitiya, S P, S Wijayarathna, L, N Wimalge, P M S, Ayomi Sanni, Hakeem, Ndajiwo, Aliyu, Okenabirhie, Ogheneochuko, Homeida, Anmar, Younis, Abobaker, Abdelbagi Omer, Omer, Abdulaziz, Mustafa, Mussad, Ali, M Gilani, Ali, Björklund, Ida, Ahlqvist, Sandra, Thorell, Ander, Wogensen, Fredrik, Sokratous, Aresti, Breistrand, Michaela, Thorarinsdottir, Hildur, Sigurdadottir, Johanna, Nikberg, Maziar, Chabok, Abba, Hjertberg, Maria, Elbe, Peter, Saraste, Deborah, Rutkowski, Wiktor, Forlin, Louise, Niska, Karoliina, Sund, Malin, Oswald, Denni, Peros, Georgio, Bluelle, Rafael, Reinisch, Katharina, Frey, Daniel, Palma, Adrian, Raptis, Dimitriaristotle, Zumbühl, Luciu, Zuber, Marku, Schmid, Roger, Werder, Gabriela, Nocito, Antonio, Gerosa, Alexandra, Mahanty, Silke, Werner Widmer, Luka, Müller, Julia, Gübeli, Alissa, Zuk, Grzegorz, Bilgin Gulcicek, Osman, Vartanoglu, Talar, Kose, Emin, Rustu Karahan, Servet, Can Aydin, Mehmet, Alper Sahbaz, Nuri, Halicioglu, Ilkay, Alis, Halil, Sapci, Ipek, Adıyaman, Can, Murat Pektaş, Ahmet, Bora Cengiz, Turgut, Tansoker, Ilkan, Işler, Vedatcan, Cevik, Muazzez, Mutlu, Deniz, Ozben, Volkan, Baris Ozmen, Berk, Bayram, Sefa, Yolcu, Sinem, Buse Kobal, Berna, Faruk Toto, Ömer, Cem Çakaloğlu, Haluk, Karabulut, Kagan, Mutlu, Vahit, Busra Ozkan, Bahar, Celik, Saban, Semiz, Anil, Bodur, Selim, Gül, Enisburak, Murutoglu, Busra, Yildirim, Reyyan, Emre Baki, Bahadir, Arslan, Ekin, Ulusahin, Mehmet, Guner, Ali, Walker, Nathan, Shrimanker, Nikhita, Cole, Simon, Breslin, Ryan, Srinivasan, Ravi, Elshaer, Mohamed, Hunter, Kristina, Al-Bahrani, Ahmed, Liew, Ignatiu, Grace Mairs, Nora, Rocke, Alistair, Dick, Lachlan, Qureshi, Mobeen, Chowdhury, Debkumar, Wright, Naomi, Skerritt, Clare, Ho, Adrienne, Dissanayake, Tharindra, Tennakoon, Athula, Ali, Wadah, Jane Lim, Shujing, Tan, Charlene, O'Neill, Stephen, Jones, Catrin, Knight, Stephen, Nassif, Dima, Sharma, Abhishek, Warren, Oliver, White, Rebecca, Mehdi, Aia, Post, Nathan, Kalakouti, Eliana, Dashnyam, Enkhbat, Stourton, Frederick, Mykoniatis, Ioanni, Currow, Chelise, Wong, Francisca, Gupta, Ashish, Shatkar, Veeranna, Luck, Joshua, Kadiwar, Suraj, Smedley, Alexander, Wakefield, Rebecca, Herrod, Philip, Blackwell, Jame, Lund, Jonathan, Cohen, Fraser, Bandi, Ashwath, Giuliani, Stefano, Bond-Smith, Gile, Pezas, Theodore, Farhangmehr, Neda, Urbonas, Toma, Perenyei, Miklo, Ireland, Philip, Blencowe, Natalie, Bowling, Kirk, Bunting, David, Longstaff, Lydia, Keogh, Kenneth, Jeon, Hyunjin, Rafaih Iqbal, Muhammad, Khosla, Shivun, Jeffery, Anna, Perera, Jame, Aboelkassem Ibrahem, Ahmad, Alhammali, Tariq, Salama, Yahya, Oram, Shaun, Kidd, Thoma, Cullen, Fraser, Owen, Christopher, Wilson, Michael, Chiu, Seehui, Sarafilovic, Hannah, Ploski, Jennifer, Evans, Elizabeth, Abbas, Athar, Kamya, Sylvia, Ishak, Norzawani, Bisset, Carly, Andress, Cedar, Ru Chin, Ye, Patel, Priya, Evans, David, Haslegrave, Aidan, Boggon, Adam, Laurie, Kirsten, Connor, Katie, Mann, Thoma, Mansuri, Anahita, Davies, Rachel, Griffiths, Ewen, Raza Shahbaz, Aized, Eng, Calvin, Din, Farhat, L'Heveder, Ariadne, G Park, Esther H, Ravishankar, Ramanish, Mcintosh, Kirsten, Dar Yau, Jih, Chan, Luke, Mcgarvie, Susan, Tang, Lingshan, Lim, Hui, Yap, Suhhuey, Park, Jay, Ng, Zhanherr, Mirza, Shahrukh, Lin Ang, Yun, Walls, Luke, Roy, Chloe, Paterson-Brown, Simon, Camilleri-Brennan, Julian, Mclean, Kenneth, D'Souza, Michelle, Pronin, Savva, Ewart Henshall, David, Ter, Eunicezuling, Fouad, Dina, Minocha, Ashish, English, William, Morgan, Catrin, Townsend, Dominic, Maciejec, Laura, Mahdi, Shareef, Akpenyi, Onyinye, Hall, Elisabeth, Caydiid, Hanaan, Rob, Zakaria, Abbott, Tom, D Torrance, Hew, Johnston, Robin, Gani, Mohammedakil, Gravante, Gianpiero, Rajmohan, Shivanchan, Majid, Kiran, Dindyal, Shiva, Smith, Christopher, Palliyil, Madanmohan, Patel, Sanjay, Nicholson, Luke, Harvey, Neil, Baillie, Katie, Shillito, Sam, Kershaw, Suzanne, Bamford, Rebecca, Orton, Peter, Reunis, Elke, Tyler, Robert, Soon, Waicheong, M Jama, Guled, Dhillon, Dharminder, Patel, Khyati, Nanthakumaran, Shayanthan, Heard, Rachel, Yan Chen, Kar, Barmayehvar, Behrad, Datta, Uttaran, K Kamarajah, Sivesh, Iftekhartani, Sobhana, Monaghan, Eimear, Donnelly, Philippa, Walker, Michael, Parakh, Jehangirshaw, Blacker, Sarah, Kaul, Anil, Paramasivan, Arjun, Farag, Sameh, Nessa, Ashrafun, Awadallah, Salwa, Lim, Jieqi, Cheankhunng, Jame, P Kiran, Ravi, Murray, Alice, Etchill, Eric, Dasari, Mohini, Puyana, Juan, Haddad, Nadeem, Zielinski, Martin, Choudhry, Asad, Caliman, Celeste, Beamon, Mieshia, Duane, Therese, Swaroop, Mamta, Myers, Jonathan, Deal, Rebecca, Schadde, Erik, Hemmila, Mark, Napolitano, Lena, To, Kathleen, Makupe, Alex, Musowoya, Joseph, Van Der Naald, Niel, Kumwenda, Dayson, Reece-Smith, Alex, Otten, Kar, Verbeek, Anna, Prins, Marloe, Andres Baquero Suarez, Alibeth, Balmaceda, Ruben, Deane, Chelsea, Dijan, Emilio, Elfiky, Mahmoud, Koskenvuo, Laura, Thollot, Aurore, Limoges, Bernard, Capito, Carmen, Alexandre, Challine, Kotobi, Henri, Leroux, Julien, Pinnagoda, Kalitha, Henric, Nicola, Azzis, Olivier, Rosello, Olivier, Francois, Poddevin, Etienne, Sara, Buisson, Philippe, Hmila, Sophian, Clegg-Lamptey, Joe-Nat, Imoro, Osman, Emmanuel Abem, Owusu, Papageorgiou, Dimitrio, Soulou, Vasiliki, Asturias, Sabrina, Peña, Lenin, B O'Connor, Donal, Realis Luc, Alberto, Alessandro Russo, Alfio, Ruzzenente, Andrea, Taddei, Antonio, Cona, Camilla, Bottini, Corrado, Pascale, Giovanni, Rotunno, Giuseppe, Solaini, Leonardo, Maria Pascale, Marco, Notarnicola, Margherita, Corbellino, Mario, Sacco, Michele, Ubiali, Paolo, Cautiero, Roberto, Bocchetti, Tommaso, Muzio, 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Chibuye, Chali, Hassanein Ahmed Ali, Tebian, Rekhis, Syrine, Rommaneh, Muna, Hao Sam, Zi, Lawani, Ismail, Brunelli Pugliesi, Thay, Pardo, Gabriel, Blanco, Ruth, and GlobalSurg Collaborative: Aneel Bhangu, Adesoji O Ademuyiwa, Maria Lorena Aguilera, Philip Alexander, Sara W Al-Saqqa, Giuliano Borda-Luque, Ainhoa Costas-Chavarri, Thomas M Drake, Faustin Ntirenganya, J Edward Fitzgerald, Stuart J Fergusson, James Glasbey, Jc Allen Ingabire, Lawani Ismaïl, Hosni Khairy Salem, Anyomih Theophilus Teddy Kojo, Marie Carmela Lapitan, Richard Lilford, Andre L Mihaljevic, Dion Morton, Alphonse Zeta Mutabazi, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Adewale O Adisa, Riinu Ots, Francesco Pata, Thomas Pinkney, Tomas Poškus, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Sarah Rayne, Catherine A Shaw, Sebastian Shu, Richard Spence, Neil Smart, Stephen Tabiri, Ewen M Harrison, Chetan Khatri, Midhun Mohan, Zahra Jaffry, Afnan Altamini, Andrew Kirby, Kjetil Søreide, Gustavo Recinos, Jen Cornick, Maria Marta Modolo, Dushyant Iyer, Sebastian King, Tom Arthur, Sayeda Nazmum Nahar, Ade Waterman, Michael Walsh, Arnav Agarwal, Augusto Zani, Mohammed Firdouse, Tyler Rouse, Qinyang Liu, Juan Camilo Correa, Peep Talving, Mengistu Worku, Alexis Arnaud, Vassilis Kalles, Basant Kumar, Sunil Kumar, Radhian Amandito, Roy Quek, Luca Ansaloni, Ahmed Altibi, Donatas Venskutonis, Justas Zilinskas, Tomas Poskus, John Whitaker, Vanessa Msosa, Yong Yong Tew, Alexia Farrugia, Elaine Borg, Zineb Bentounsi, Tanzeela Gala, Ibrahim Al-Slaibi, Haya Tahboub, Osaid H Alser, Diego Romani, Sebestian Shu, Piotr Major, Aurel Mironescu, Matei Bratu, Amar Kourdouli, Aliyu Ndajiwo, Abdulaziz Altwijri, Mohammed Ubaid Alsaggaf, Ahmad Gudal, Al Faifi Jubran, Sam Seisay, Bettina Lieske, Irene Ortega, Jenifa Jeyakumar, Kithsiri J Senanayake, Omar Abdulbagi, Yucel Cengiz, Dmitri Raptis, Yuksel Altinel, Chia Kong, Ella Teasdale, Gareth Irwin, Michael Stoddart, Rakan Kabariti, Sukrit Suresh, Katherine Gash, Ragavan Narayanan, Mayaba Maimbo, Besmir Grizhja, Shpetim Ymeri, Gezim Galiqi, Roberto Klappenbach, Diego Antezana, Alvaro Enrique Mendoza Beleño, Cecilia Costa, Belen Sanchez, Susan Aviles, Claudio Gabriel Fermani, Rubén Balmaceda, Santiago Villalobos, Juan Manuel Carmona, Daniel Hamill, Peter Deutschmann, Simone Sandler, Daniel Cox, Ram Nataraja, Claire Sharpin, Damir Ljuhar, Demi Gray, Morgan Haines, Dush Iyer, Nithya Niranjan, Scott D'Amours, Morvarid Ashtari, Helena Franco, Ashrarur Rahman Mitul, Sabbir Karim, Nowrin F Aman, Mahnuma Mahfuz Estee, Umme Salma, Joyeta Razzaque, Tasnia Hamid Kanta, Sayeeda Aktar Tori, Shadid Alamin, Swapnil Roy, Shadid Al Amin, Rezaul Karim, Muhtarima Haque, Amreen Faruq, Farhana Iftekhar, Margaret O'Shea, Greg Padmore, Ramesh Jonnalagadda, Andrey Litvin, Aliaksandr Filatau, Dzmitry Paulouski, Maryna Shubianok, Tatsiana Shachykava, Dzianis Khokha, Vladimir Khokha, Fernande Djivoh, Francis Dossou, Djifid Morel Seto, Dansou Gaspard Gbessi, Bruno Noukpozounkou, Yacoubou Imorou Souaibou, Kpèmahouton René Keke, Fred Hodonou, Ernest Yemalin Stephane Ahounou, Thierry Alihonou, Max Dénakpo, Germain Ahlonsou, Alemayehu Ginbo Bedada, Carlos Nsengiyumva, Sandrine Kwizera, Venerand Barendegere, Philip Choi, Simon Stock, Luai Jamal, Georges Azzie, Sameer Kushwaha, Tzu-Ling Chen, Chingwan Yip, Irene Montes, Felipe Zapata, Sebastian Sierra, Maria Isabel Villegas Lanau, Maria Clara Mendoza Arango, Ivan Mendoza Restrepo, Ruben Santiago Restrepo Giraldo, Edgar Domini, Robert Karlo, Jakov Mihanovic, Mohamed Youssef, Hossam Elfeki, Waleed Thabet, Aly Sanad, Gehad Tawfik, Ahmed Zaki, Noran Abdel-Hameed, Mohamed Mostafa, Muhammad Fathi Waleed Omar, Ahmed Ghanem, Emad Abdallah, Adel Denewer, Eman Emara, Eman Rashad, Ahmad Sakr, Rehab Elashry, Sameh Emile, Toqa Khafagy, Sara Elhamouly, Arwa Elfarargy, Amna Mamdouh Mohamed, Ghada Saied Nagy, Abeer Esam, Eman Elwy, Aya Hammad, Salwa Khallaf, Eman Ibrahim, Ahmed Said Badr, Ahmed Moustafa, Amany Eldosouky Mohammed, Mohammed Elgheriany, Eman Abdelmageed, Eman Abd Al Raouf, Esraa Samir Elbanby, Maha Elmasry, Mahitab Morsy Farahat, Eman Yahya Mansor, Eman Magdy Hegazy, Esraa Gamal, Heba Gamal, Hend Kandil, Doaa Maher Abdelrouf, Mohamed Moaty, Dina Gamal, Nada El-Sagheer, Mohamed Salah, Salma Magdy, Asmaa Salah, Ahmed Essam, Ahmed Ali, Mahmoud Badawy, Sara Ahmed, Mazed Mohamed, Abdelrahman Assal, Mohamed Sleem, Mai Ebidy, Aly Abd-Elrazek, Diaaaldin Zahran, Nourhan Adam, Mohamed Nazir, Adel B Hassanein, Ahmed Ismail, Amira Elsawy, Rana Mamdouh, Mohamed Mabrouk, Lopna Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed, Mohamed Hassab Alnaby, Eman Magdy, Manar Abd-Elmawla, Marwan Fahim, Bassant Mowafy, Moustafa Ibrahim Mahmoud, Meran Allam, Muhammad Alkelani, Noran Halim El Gendy, Mariam Saad Aboul-Naga, Reham Alaa El-Din, Alyaa Halim Elgendy, Mohamed Ismail, Mahmoud Shalaby, Aya Adel Elsharkawy, Mahmoud Elsayed Moghazy, Khaled Hesham Elbisomy, Hend Abdel Gawad Shakshouk, Mohamed Fouad Hamed, Mai Mohamed Ebidy, Mostafa Abdelkader, Mohamed Karkeet, Hayam Ahmed, Israa Adel, Mohammad Elsayed Omar, Mohamed Ibrahim, Omar Ghoneim, Omar Hesham, Shimaa Gamal, Karim Hilal, Omar Arafa, Sawsan Adel Awad, Menatalla Salem, Fawzia Abdellatif Elsherif, Nourhan Elsabbagh, Moustafa R Aboelsoud, Ahmed Hossam Eldin Fouad Rida, Amr Hossameldin, Ethar Hany, Yomna Hosny Asar, Nourhan Anwar, Mohamed Gadelkarim, Samar Abdelhady, Eman Mohamed Morshedy, Reham Saad, Nourhan Soliman, Mahmoud Salama, Eslam Ezzat, Arwa Mohamed, Arwa Ibrahim, Alaa Fergany, Sara Mohammed, Aya Reda, Yomna Allam, Hanan Adel Saad, Afnan Abdelfatah, Aya Mohamed Fathy, Ahmed El-Sehily, Esraa Abdalmageed Kasem, Ahmed Tarek Abdelbaset Hassan, Ahmed Rabeih Mohammed, Abdalla Gamal Saad, Yasmin Elfouly, Nesma Elfouly, Arij Ibrahim, Amr Hassaan, Mohammed Mustafa Mohammed, Ghada Elhoseny, Mohamed Magdy, Esraa Abd Elkhalek, Yehia Zakaria, Tarek Ezzat, Ali Abo El Dahab, Mohamed Kelany, Sara Arafa, Osama Mokhtar Mohamed Hassan, Nermin Mohamed Badwi, Ahmad Saber Sleem, Hussien Ahmed, Kholoud Abdelbadeai, Mohamed Abozed Abdullah, Muhammad Amsyar Auni Lokman, Suraya Bahar, Anan Rady Abdelazeam, Abdelrahman Adelshone, Muhammad Bin Hasnan, Athirah Zulkifli, Siti Nur Alia Kamarulzamil, Abdelaziz Elhendawy, Aliang Latif, Ahmad Bin Adnan, Shahadatul Shaharuddin, Aminah Hanum Haji Abdul Majid, Mahmoud Amreia, Dina Al-Marakby, Mahmoud Salma, Mohamad Jeffrey Bin Ismail, Elissa Rifhan Mohd Basir, Citra Dewi Mohd Ali, Aya Yehia Ata, Maha Nasr, Asmaa Rezq, Ahmed Sheta, Sherif Tariq, Abd Elkhalek Sallam, Abdelrhman Kz Darwish, Sohaila Elmihy, Shady Elhadry, Ahmed Farag, Haidar Hajeh, Abdelaziz Abdelaal, Amro Aglan, Ahmed Zohair, Mahitab Essam, Omar Moussa, Esraa El-Gizawy, Mostafa Samy, Safia Ali, Esraa El Halawany, Ahmed Ata, Mohamed El Halawany, Mohamed Nashat, Samar Soliman, Alaa Elazab, Mostada Samy, Mohamed A Abdelaziz, Khaled Ibrahim, Ahmed Mohamed Ibrahim, Ammar Gado, Usama Hantour, Esraa Alm Eldeen, Mohamed Reda Loaloa, Arwa Abouzaid, Mostafa Ahmed Bahaa Eldin, Eman Hashad, Fathy Sroor, Doaa Gamil, Eman Mahmoud Abdulhakeem, Mahmoud Zakaria, Fawzy Mohamed, Marwan Abubakr, Elsayed Ali, Hesham Magdy, Menna Tallah Ramadan, Mohamed Abdelaty Mohamed, Salma Mansour, Hager Abdul Aziz Amin, Ahmed Rabie Mohamed, Mahmoud Saami, Nada Ahmed Reda Elsayed, Adham Tarek, Sabry Mohy Eldeen Mahmoud, Islam Magdy El Sayed, Amira Reda, Martina Yusuf Shawky, Mohammed Mousa Salem, Shahinaz Alaa El-Din, Noha Abdullah Soliman, Muhammed Talaat, Shahinaz Alaael-Dein, Ahmed Abd Elmoen Elhusseiny, Noha Abdullah, Mohammed Elshaar, Aya Abdelfatah Ibraheem, Hager Abdulaziz, Mohammed Kamal Ismail, Mona Hamdy Madkor, Mohamed Abdelaty, Sara Mahmoud Abdel-Kader, Osama Mohamed Salah, Mahmoud Eldafrawy, Ahmed Zaki Eldeeb, Mostafa Mahmoud Eid, Attia Attia, Khalid Salah El-Dien, Ayman Shwky, Mohamed Adel Badenjki, Abdelrahman Soliman, Samaa Mahmoud Al Attar, Farrag Sayed, Fahd Abdel Sabour, Mohammed G Azizeldine, Muhammad Shawqi, Abdullah Hashim, Ahmed Aamer, Ahmed Mahmoud Abdelraouf, Mahmoud Abdelshakour, Amal Ibrahim, Basma Mahmoud, Mohamed Ali Mahmoud, Mostafa Qenawy, Ahmed M Rashed, Ahmed Dahy, Marwa Sayed, Ahmed W Shamsedine, Bakeer Mohamed, Ahmad Hasan, Mahmoud M Saad, Khalil Abdul Bassit, Nadia Khalid Abd El-Latif, Nada Elzahed, Ahmed El Kashash, Nada Mohamed Bekhet, Sarah Hafez, Ahmed Gad, Mahmoud Elkhadragy Maher, Ahmed Abd El-Sameea, Mohamed Hafez, Ahmad Sabe, Ataa Ahmed, Ahmed Shahine, Khaled Dawood, Shireen Gaafar, Reem Husseiny, Omnia Aboelmagd, Ahmed Soliman, Nourhan Mesbah, Hossam Emadeldin, Amgad Al Meligy, Amira Hassan Bekhet, Doaa Hasan, Khaled Alhady, Ahmad Khaled Sabe, Mahmoud A Elnajjar, Majed Aboelella, Ward Hamsho, Ihab Hassan, Hala Saad, Galaleldin Abdelazim, Hend Mahmoud, Noha Wael, Ahmedali M Kandil, Ahmed Magdy, Shimaa Said Elkholy, Badr Eldin Adel, Kareem Dabbour, Saged Elsherbiney, Omar Mattar, Abdulshafi Khaled AbdRabou, Mohammed Yahia Mohamed Aly, Abdelrahman Geuoshy, Ahmedglal Elnagar, Saraibrahim Ahmed, Ibrahem Abdelmotaleb, Amr Ahmed Saleh, Hesham Mohammed Bakry, Manar Saeed, Shady Mahmoud, Badreldin Adel Tawfik, Samar Adel Ismail, Esraay Zakaria, Mariam O Gad, Mohamed Salah Elhelbawy, Monica Bassem, Noha Maraie, Nourhan Medhat Elhadary, Nourhan Semeda, Shaza Rabie Mohamed, Hesham Mohammed Bakry, A A Essam, Dina Tarek, Khlood Ashour, Alaa Elhadad, Abdulrahman Abdel-Aty, Ibrahim Rakha, Sara Mamdouh Matter, Rasha Abdelhamed, Omar Abdelkader, Ayat Hassaan, Yasmin Soliman, Amna Mohamed, Sara Ghanem, Sara Amr Mohamed Farouk, Eman Mohamed Ibrahim, Esraa El-Taher, Merna Mostafa, Mohamed Fawzy Mahrous Badr, Rofida Elsemelawy, Aya El-Sawy, Ahmad Bakr, Ahmad Abdel Razaq Al Rafati, Sten Saar, Arvo Reinsoo, Nebyou Seyoum, Tewodros Worku, Agazi Fitsum, Matti Tolonen, Ari Leppäniemi, Ville Sallinen, Benogreît Parmentier, Matthieu Peycelon, Sabine Irtan, Sabrina Dardenne, Elsa Robert, Betty Maillot, Etienne Courboin, Alexis Pierre Arnaud, Juliette Hascoet, Olivier Abbo, Amir Ait Kaci, Thomas Prudhomme, Quentin Ballouhey, 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Antanas Zadoroznas, Nerijus Kaselis, Greta Žiubrytė, Finaritra Casimir Fleur Prudence Rahantasoa, Luc Hervé Samison, Fanjandrainy Rasoaherinomenjanahary, Todisoa Emmanuella Christina Tolotra, Cornelius Mukuzunga, Chimwemwe Kwatiwani, Nelson Msiska, Feng Yih Chai, Siti Mohd Desa Asilah, Khuzaimah Zahid Syibrah, Pui Xin Chin, Afizah Salleh, Nur Zulaika Riswan, April Camilla Roslani, Hoong-Yin Chong, Nora Abdul Aziz, Keat-Seong Poh, Chu-Ann Chai, Sandip Kumar, Mustafa Mohammed Taher, Nik Ritza Kosai, Dayang Nita Abdul Aziz, Reynu Rajan, Rokayah Julaihi, Durvesh Lacthman Jethwani, Muhammad Taqiyuddin Yahaya, Nik Azim Nik Abdullah, Susan Wndy Mathew, Kuet Jun Chung, Milaksh Kumar Nirumal, R Goh Ern Tze, Syed Abdul Wahhab Eusoffee Wan Ali, Yiing Yee Gan, Jesse Ron Swire Ting, Samuel S Y Sii, Kean Leong Koay, Yi Koon Tan, Alvin Ee Zhiun Cheah, Chui Yee Wong, Tuan Nur'Azmah Tuan Mat, Crystal Yern Nee Chow, Prisca Al Har, Yishan Der, Fitjerald Henry, Xinwei Low, Ya Theng Neo, Hian Ee Heng, Shu Ning Kong, Cheewei Gan, Yi Ting Mok, Yee Wen Tan, Kandasami Palayan, Mahadevan Deva Tata, Yih Jeng Cheong, Kuhaendran Gunaseelan, Wan Nurul 'Ain Wan Mohd Nasir, Pigeneswaren Yoganathan, Eu Xian Lee, Jian Er Saw, Li Jing Yeang, Pei Ying Koh, Shyang Yee Lim, Shuang Yi Teo, Nicole Grech, Daniela Magri, Kristina Cassar, Christine Mizzi, Malcolm Falzon, Nihaal Shaikh, Ruth Scicluna, Stefan Zammit, Sean Mizzi, Svetlana Doris Brincat, Thelma Tembo, Vu Thanh Hien Le, Tara Grima, Keith Sammut, Kurt Carabott, Ciskje Zarb, Andre Navarro, Thea Dimech, Georgette Marie Camilleri, Isaac Bertuello, Jeffrey Dalli, Karl Bonavia, Samantha Corro-Diaz, Marisol Manriquez-Reyes, Amina Abdelhamid, Abdelmalek Hrora, Sarah Benammi, Houda Bachri, Meryem Abbouch, Khaoula Boukhal, Redouane Mammar Bennai, Abdelkader Belkouchi, Mohamed Sobhi Jabal, Chaymae Benyaiche, Maarten Vermaas, Lucia Duinhouwer, Javier Pastora, Greta Wood, Maria Soledad Merlo, Akinlabi Ajao, Omobolaji Ayandipo, Taiwo Lawal, Abdussemiu Abdurrazzaaq, Muslimat Alada, Abdulrasheed Nasir, James Adeniran, Olufemi Habeeb, Ademola Popoola, Ademola Adeyeye, Ademola Adebanjo, Opeoluwa Adesanya, Adewale Adeniyi, Henry Mendel, Bashir Bello, Umar Muktar, Adedapo Osinowo, Thomas Olagboyega Olajide, Oyindamola Oshati, George Ihediwa, Babajide Adenekan, Victor Nwinee, Felix Alakaloko, Olumide Elebute, Abdulrazzaq Lawal, Chris Bode, Mojolaoluwa Olugbemi, Alaba Adesina, Olubukola Faturoti, Oluwatomi Odutola, Oluwaseyi Adebola, Clement Onuoha, Ogechukwu Taiwo, Omolara Williams, Fatai Balogun, Olalekan Ajai, Mobolaji Oludara, Iloba Njokanma, Roland Osuoji, Stephen Kache, Jonathan Ajah, Jerry Makama, Ahmed Adamu, Suleiman Baba, Mohammad Aliyu, Shamsudeen Aliyu, Yahaya Ukwenya, Halima Aliyu, Tunde Sholadoye, Muhammad Daniyan, Oluseyi Ogunsua, Lofty-John Anyanwu, Abdurrahaman Sheshe, Aminu Mohammad, Samson Olori, Philip Mshelbwala, Babatunde Odeyemi, Garba Samson, Oyediran Kehinde Timothy, Sani Ali Samuel, Anthony Ajiboye, Isaac Amole, 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David Bunting, Lydia Longstaff, Kenneth Keogh, Hyunjin Jeon, Muhammad Rafaih Iqbal, Shivun Khosla, Anna Jeffery, James Perera, Ahmad Aboelkassem Ibrahem, Tariq Alhammali, Yahya Salama, Shaun Oram, Thomas Kidd, Fraser Cullen, Christopher Owen, Michael Wilson, Seehui Chiu, Hannah Sarafilovic, Jennifer Ploski, Elizabeth Evans, Athar Abbas, Sylvia Kamya, Norzawani Ishak, Carly Bisset, Cedar Andress, Ye Ru Chin, Priya Patel, David Evans, Aidan Haslegrave, Adam Boggon, Kirsten Laurie, Katie Connor, Thomas Mann, Anahita Mansuri, Rachel Davies, Ewen Griffiths, Aized Raza Shahbaz, Calvin Eng, Farhat Din, Ariadne L'Heveder, Esther Hg Park, Ramanish Ravishankar, Kirsten McIntosh, Jih Dar Yau, Luke Chan, Susan McGarvie, Lingshan Tang, Hui Lim, Suhhuey Yap, Jay Park, Zhan Herr Ng, Shahrukh Mirza, Yun Lin Ang, Luke Walls, Chloe Roy, Simon Paterson-Brown, Julian Camilleri-Brennan, Kenneth Mclean, Michelle S D'Souza, Savva Pronin, David Ewart Henshall, Eunice Zuling Ter, Dina Fouad, Ashish Minocha, William English, Catrin Morgan, Dominic Townsend, Laura Maciejec, Shareef Mahdi, Onyinye Akpenyi, Elisabeth Hall, Hanaan Caydiid, Zakaria Rob, Tom Abbott, Hew D Torrance, Robin Johnston, Mohammed Aki Gani, Gianpiero Gravante, Shivanchan Rajmohan, Kiran Majid, Shiva Dindyal, Christopher Smith, Madanmohan Palliyil, Sanjay Patel, Luke Nicholson, Neil Harvey, Katie Baillie, Sam Shillito, Suzanne Kershaw, Rebecca Bamford, Peter Orton, Elke Reunis, Robert Tyler, Wai Cheong Soon, Guled M Jama, Dharminder Dhillon, Khyati Patel, Shayanthan Nanthakumaran, Rachel Heard, Kar Yan Chen, Behrad Barmayehvar, Uttaran Datta, Sivesh K Kamarajah, Sharad Karandikar, Sobhana Iftekhar Tani, Eimear Monaghan, Philippa Donnelly, Michael Walker, Jehangirshaw Parakh, Sarah Blacker, Anil Kaul, Arjun Paramasivan, Sameh Farag, Ashrafun Nessa, Salwa Awadallah, Jieqi Lim, James Chean Khun Ng, Ravi P Kiran, Alice Murray, Eric Etchill, Mohini Dasari, Juan Puyana, Nadeem Haddad, Martin Zielinski, Asad Choudhry, Celeste Caliman, Mieshia Beamon, Therese Duane, Mamta Swaroop, Jonathan Myers, Rebecca Deal, Erik Schadde, Mark Hemmila, Lena Napolitano, Kathleen To, Alex Makupe, Joseph Musowoya, Niels van der Naald, Dayson Kumwenda, Alex Reece-Smith, Kars Otten, Anna Verbeek, Marloes Prins, Alibeth Andres Baquero Suarez, Ruben Balmaceda, Chelsea Deane, Emilio Dijan, Mahmoud Elfiky, Laura Koskenvuo, Aurore Thollot, Bernard Limoges, Carmen Capito, Challine Alexandre, Henri Kotobi, Julien Leroux, Kalitha Pinnagoda, Nicolas Henric, Olivier Azzis, Olivier Rosello, Poddevin Francois, Sara Etienne, Philippe Buisson, Sophian Hmila, Joe-Nat Clegg-Lamptey, Osman Imoro, Owusu Emmanuel Abem, Dimitrios Papageorgiou, Vasiliki Soulou, Sabrina Asturias, Lenin Peña, Donal B O'Connor, Alberto Realis Luc, Alfio Alessandro Russo, Andrea Ruzzenente, Antonio Taddei, Camilla Cona, Corrado Bottini, Giovanni Pascale, Giuseppe Rotunno, Leonardo Solaini, Marco Maria Pascale, Margherita Notarnicola, Mario Corbellino, Michele Sacco, Paolo Ubiali, Roberto Cautiero, Tommaso Bocchetti, Elena Muzio, Vania Guglielmo, Eugenio Morandi, Patrizio Mao, Emilia de Luca, Farah Mahmoud Ali, Justas Žilinskas, Kestutis Strupas, Paulius Kondrotas, Robertas Baltrunas, Juozas Kutkevicius, Povilas Ignatavicius, Choy Ling Tan, Jia Yng Siaw, Sir Young Yam, Ling Wilson, Mohamed Rezal Abdul Aziz, John Bondin, Carmina Diaz Zorrilla, Anass Majbar, Danjuma Sale, Lawal Abdullahi, Olabisi Osagie, Omolara Faboya, Adedeji Fatuga, Agboola Taiwo, Emeka Nwabuoku, Marte Bliksøen, Zain Ali Khan, Jazmin Coronel, Cesar Miranda, Idelso Vasquez, Luis M Helguero-Santin, Jennifer Rickard, Adesina Adedeji, Saleh Alqahtani, Max Rath, Michael Van Niekerk, Modise Zacharia Koto, Roel Matos-Puig, Leif Israelsson, Tobias Schuetz, Mahmut Arif Yuksek, Meric Mericliler, Mehmet Ulusahin, Bernhard Wolf, Cameron Fairfield, Guo Liang Yong, Katharine Whitehurst, Natalie Redgrave, Caroluce K Musyoka, James Olivier, Kathryn Lee, Michael Cox, Muhamed M H Farhan-Alanie, Rory Callan, Chali Chibuye, Tebian Hassanein Ahmed Ali, Syrine Rekhis, Muna Rommaneh, Zi Hao Sam, Thays Brunelli Pugliesi, Gabriel Pardo, Ruth Blanco
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Male ,paediatric ,Cohort Studies ,0302 clinical medicine ,Primary outcome ,gastro-enterologic surgery ,Risk Factors ,Prospective Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,paediatrics ,Prospective cohort study ,Child ,Digestive System Surgical Procedures ,Original Research ,lcsh:R5-920 ,Paediatric surgery ,Health Policy ,Human development (humanity) ,3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health ,3. Good health ,CONGENITAL-ANOMALIES ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Child, Preschool ,surgical infection ,Female ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,Surgical site infection ,Cohort study ,Human ,AFRICA ,medicine.medical_specialty ,CARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTION ,Adolescent ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,NO ,03 medical and health sciences ,MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES ,medicine ,Humans ,Surgical Wound Infection ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,In patient ,Human Development Index ,business.industry ,Kirurgi ,Risk Factor ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Digestive System Surgical Procedure ,GLOBAL BURDEN ,3126 Surgery, anesthesiology, intensive care, radiology ,Surgery ,Prospective Studie ,Cohort Studie ,business - Abstract
Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p
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- 2020
4. A Directory of Summer Theatres Accepting Apprentices and Students, 1957
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Hagan, R. Lyle
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- 1957
5. A Directory of Summer Theatres Accepting Apprentices and Students, 1956
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Hagan, R. Lyle
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- 1956
6. P218 Association of HLA-DRB1*04 with acute severe hepatitis of unknown aetiology in children: Results from an Irish cohort
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Hickey, C., Graham, B., Hagan, R., Egan, R., Fallon Verbruggen, T., Feeney, L., Ring, C., Hayden, J., Broderick, A., and Fitzpatrick, E.
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- 2023
- Full Text
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7. Can central hexagon peak latency provide a clue to fixation within the mfERG
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Hagan, R. P., Small, A., Fisher, A. C., and Brown, M. C.
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- 2010
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8. Effects of different lifting cadences on ground reaction forces during the squat exercise
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Bentley, Jason R., Amonette, William E., De Witt, John K., and Hagan, R. Donald
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Isometric exercise -- Methods ,Isometric exercise -- Physiological aspects ,Body composition -- Analysis ,Health ,Sports and fitness - Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of different lifting cadences on the ground reaction force (GRF) during the squat exercise. Squats performed with greater acceleration will produce greater inertial forces; however, it is not well understood how different squat cadences affect GRF. The hypotheses were that faster squat cadences would result in greater peak GRF and that the contributions of the body and barbell, both of equivalent mass, to total system inertial force would not be different. Six experienced male subjects (31 [+ or -] 4 years, 180 [+ or -] 9 cm, 88.8 [+ or -] 13.3 kg) performed 3 sets of 3 squats using 3 different cadences (fast cadence [FC] = 1-second descent/1-second ascent; medium cadence [MC] = 3-second descent/1-second ascent; and slow cadence [SC] = 4-second descent/2-second ascent) while lifting a barbell mass equal to their body mass. Ground reaction force and velocity sensor data were used to calculate inertial force contributions of both the body and barbell to total inertial force. Peak GRF were significantly higher in FC squats compared to MC (p = 0.0002) and SC (p = 0.0002). Ranges of GRF were also significantly higher in FC compared to MC (p < 0.05) and higher in MC compared to SC (p < 0.05). The inertial forces associated with the body were larger than those associated with the barbell, regardless of cadence. Faster squat cadences result in significantly greater peak GRF as a result of the inertia of the system. This study demonstrates that GRF was more dependent on descent cadence than on ascent cadence and that researchers should not use a single point on the body to approximate the location of the center of mass during squat exercise analysis. Key Words velocity, inertial forces, weight training, resistive exercise
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- 2010
9. Genetic markers of treatment response to tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitors in the treatment of psoriasis
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Ryan, C., Kelleher, J., Fagan, M. F., Rogers, S., Collins, P., Barker, J. N. W. N., Allen, M., Hagan, R., Renfro, L., and Kirby, B.
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- 2014
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10. Determinants of time to fatigue during nonmotorized treadmill exercise
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De Witt, John K., Lee, Stuart M.C., Wilson, Cassie A., and Hagan, R. Donald
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Exercise equipment -- Usage ,Fatigue -- Research ,Treadmill exercise tests ,Health ,Sports and fitness - Abstract
Treadmill exercise is commonly used for aerobic and anaerobic conditioning. During nonmotorized treadmill exercise, the subject must provide the power necessary to drive the treadmill belt. The purpose of this study was to determine what factors affected the time to fatigue on a pair of nonmotorized treadmills. Twenty subjects (10 men/10 women) attempted to complete 5 minutes of locomotion during separate trials at 3.22, 4.83, 6.44, 8.05, 9.66, and 11.27 km x h(1). Total exercise time ([less than or equal to] 5 minutes) was recorded. Exercise time was converted to the number of 15-second intervals completed. Peak oxygen uptake (V[O.sub.2]) was measured using a graded exercise test on a standard treadmill, and anthropometric measures were collected from each subject before their entrance into the study. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to determine significant predictive factors in a multivariate analysis. Treadmill speed and absolute peak V[O.sub.2] were found to be significant predictors of exercise time, but there was no effect of anthropometric characteristics. Gender was found to be a predictor of treadmill time, but this was likely attributable to a higher peak V[O.sub.2] in men than in women. The results were not affected by the type of treadmill tested in this study. Coaches and therapists should consider the cardiovascular fitness of an athlete or client when prescribing target speed because these factors are related to the total exercise time that can be achieved on a nonmotorized treadmill.
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- 2009
11. Changes in risk factors for preterm birth in Western Australia 1984–2006
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Hammond, G C, Langridge, A T, Leonard, H, Hagan, R, Jacoby, P, DeKlerk, N, and Stanley, F
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- 2013
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12. Removal of eye movement artefacts from single channel recordings of retinal evoked potentials using synchronous dynamical embedding and independent component analysis
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Fisher, A. C., El-Deredy, W., Hagan, R. P., Brown, M. C., and Lisboa, P. J. G.
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- 2007
- Full Text
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13. Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in children: An international, multicentre, prospective cohort study
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Harrison, E.M. Drake, T.M. Ghosh, D. Ademuyiwa, A.O. Bhangu, A. Fitzgerald, J.E. Glasbey, J. Borda-Luque, G. Costas-Chavarri, A. Ntirenganya, F. Fergusson, S.J. Ingabire, J.C.A. Ismaïl, L. Lilford, R. Mihaljevic, A.L. Morton, D. Mutabazi, A.Z. Adisa, A.O. Ots, R. Pinkney, T. Poškus, T. Shaw, C.A. Verjee, A. Runigamugabo, E. Khatri, C. Mohan, M. Jaffry, Z. Altamini, A. Kirby, A. Soreide, K. Cornick, J. Iyer, D. King, S. Arthur, T. Nahar, S.N. Waterman, A. Lawini, I. Rouse, T. Correa, J.C. Salem, H.K. Worku, M. Arnaud, A. Kalles, V. Aguilera, M.L. Recinos, G. Quek, R. Altibi, A. Whitaker, J. Bent, Z. Al-Slaibi, I. Tahboub, H. Alser, O.H. Shu, S. Mironescu, A. Bratu, M. Altwijri, A. Alsaggaf, M.U. Jubran, A.F. Seisay, S. Jeyakumar, J. Senanayake, K. Abdulbagi, O. Raptis, D. Kong, C. Suresh, S. Scott, M. Grizhja, B. Ymeri, S. Galiqi, G. Klappenbach, R. Antezana, D. Beleño, A.E.M. Costa, C. Sanchez, B. Aviles, S. Modolo, M.M. Fermani, C.G. Balmaceda, R. Villalobos, S. Carmona, J.M. Hamill, D. Deutschmann, P. Sandler, S. Cox, D. Nataraja, R. Sharpin, C. Ljuhar, D. Gray, D. Haines, M. Iyer, D. Niranjan, N. D'Amours, S. Ashtari, M. Franco, H. Mitul, A.R. Karim, S. Aman, N.F. Estee, M.M. Salma, U. Razzaque, J. Hamidkanta, T. Tori, S. Alamin, Md.S. Roy, S. Al Amin, Md.S. Haque, M. Faruq, A. Iftekhar, F. O'Shea, M. Padmore, G. Jonnalagadda, R. Litvin, A. Filatau, A. Paulouski, D. Shubianok, M. Shachykava, T. Khokha, D. Khokha, V. Djivoh, F. Lawani, I. Dossou, F. Seto, D.M. Gbessi, D.G. Noukpozounkou, B. Souaibou, Y.I. Keke, K.R. Hodonou, F. Ahounou, E. Alihonou, T. Dénakpo, M. Ahlonsou, G. Bedada, A.G. Nsengiyumva, C. Kwizera, S. Barendegere, V. Choi, P. Stock, S. Jamal, L. Firdouse, M. Zani, A. Azzie, G. Kushwaha, S. Agarwal, A. Chen, T.-L. Yip, C. Montes, I. Zapata, F. Sierra, S. Lanau, M.I.V. Arango, M.C.M. Restrepo, I.M. Sierra, S. Giraldo, R.S.R. Mendozaarango, M. Domini, E. Karlo, R. Mihanovic, J. Youssef, M. Elfeki, H. Thabet, W. Sanad, A. Tawfik, G. Zaki, A. Abdel-Hameed, N. Mostafa, M. Omar, M.F.W. Ghanem, A. Abdallah, E. Denewer, A. Emara, E. Rashad, E. Sakr, A. Elashry, R. Emile, S. Khafagy, T. Elhamouly, S. Elfarargy, A. Mamdouhmohamed, A. Saiednagy, G. Esam, A. Elwy, E. Hammad, A. Khallaf, S. Ibrahim, E. Saidbadr, A. Moustafa, A. Eldosoukymohammed, A. Elgheriany, M. Abdelmageed, E. Al Raouf, E.A. Elbanby, E. Elmasry, M. Morsyfarahat, M. Yahyamansor, E. Magdyhegazy, E. Gamal, E. Gamal, H. Kandil, H. Maherabdelrouf, D. Moaty, M. Gamal, D. El-Sagheer, N. Salah, M. Magdy, S. Salah, A. Essam, A. Ali, A. Badawy, M. Ahmed, S. Mohamed, M. Assal, A. Sleem, M. Ebidy, M. Abdelrazek, A. Zahran, D. Adam, N. Nazir, M. Hassanein, A.B. Ismail, A. Elsawy, A. Mamdouh, R. Mabrouk, M. Ahmed, L.A.M. Hassabalnaby, M. Magdy, E. Abd-Elmawla, M. Fahim, M. Mowafy, B. Mahmoud, M.I. Allam, M. Alkelani, M. El Gendy, N.H. Aboul-Naga, M.S. Alaael-Din, R. Elgendy, A.H. Ismail, M. Shalaby, M. Elsharkawy, A.A. Moghazy, M.E. Elbisomy, K.H. Shakshouk, H.A.G. Hamed, M.F. Ebidy, M.M. Abdelkader, M. Karkeet, M. Ahmed, H. Adel, I. Omar, M.E. Ibrahim, M. Ghoneim, O. Hesham, O. Gamal, S. Hilal, K. Arafa, O. Awad, S.A. Salem, M. Elsherif, F.A. Elsabbagh, N. Aboelsoud, M.R. Rida, A.H.E.F. Hossameldin, A. Hany, E. Asar, Y.H. Anwar, N. Gadelkarim, M. Abdelhady, S. Morshedy, E.M. Saad, R. Soliman, N. Salama, M. Ezzat, E. Mohamed, A. Ibrahim, A. Fergany, A. Mohammed, S. Reda, A. Allam, Y. Saad, H.A. Abdelfatah, A. Fathy, A.M. El-Sehily, A. Kasem, E.A. Hassan, A.T.A. Mohammed, A.R. Saad, A.G. Elfouly, Y. Elfouly, N. Ibrahim, A. Hassaan, A. Mohammed, M.M. Elhoseny, G. Magdy, M. Elkhalek, E.A. Zakaria, Y. Ezzat, T. El Dahab, A.A. Kelany, M. Arafa, S. Hassan, O.M.M. Badwi, N.M. Sleem, A.S. Ahmed, H. Abdelbadeai, K. Abdullah, M.A. Lokman, M. Bahar, S. Radyabdelazeam, A. Adelshone, A. Hasnan, M.B. Zulkifli, A. Kamarulzamil, S.N.A. Elhendawy, A. Latif, A. Adnan, A.B. Shaharuddin, S. Majid, A.H.H.A. Amreia, M. Al-Marakby, D. Salma, M. Ismail, M. Basir, E.R.M. Ali, C.D.M. Ata, A.Y. Nasr, M. Rezq, A. Sheta, A. Tariq, S. Sallam, A. Darwish, A.K.Z. Elmihy, S. El Hadry, S. Farag, A. Hajah, H. Seliem, A. Aglan, A. Zohair, A. Essam, M. Moussa, O. El-Gizawy, E. Samy, M. Ali, S. Elhalawany, E. Ata, A. Elhalawany, M. Nashat, M. Soliman, S. Elazab, A. Samy, M. Abdelaziz, M.A. Ibrahim, K. Ibrahim, A.M. Gado, A. Hantour, U. Eldeen, E.A. Loaloa, M.R. Abouzaid, A. Ahmedbahaaeldin, M. Hashad, E. Sroor, F. Gamil, D. Mahmoudabdulhakeem, E. Zakaria, M. Mohamed, F. Abubakr, M. Ali, E. Magdy, H. Ramadan, M. Abdelatymohamed, M. Mansour, S. Abdulazizamin, H. Rabiemohamed, A. Saami, M. Ahmedredaelsayed, N. Tarek, A. Mohyeldeenmahmoud, S. El Sayed, I.M. Reda, A. Yusufshawky, M. Mousasalem, M. El-Din, S.A. Soliman, N.A. Talaat, M. Abdelmoenelhusseiny, S.A.-D.A. Abdullah, N. Ahmedbahaaeldin, M. Elshaar, M. Abdelfatahibraheem, A. Abdulaziz, H. Ismail, M.K. Hamdymadkor, M. Abdelaty, M. Kader, S.M. Mohamedsalah, O. Eldafrawy, M. Zakieldeeb, A. Mahmoudeid, M. Attia, A. El-Dien, K.S. Shwky, A. Badenjki, M.A. Soliman, A. Al Attar, S.M. Sayed, F. Abdelsabour, F. Azizeldine, M.G. Shawqi, M. Hashim, A. Aamer, A. Raouf, A.M.A. Abdelshakour, M. Ibrahim, A. Mahmoud, B. Mahmoud, M.A. Qenawy, M. Rashed, A.M. Dahy, A. Sayed, M. Shamsedine, A.W. Mohamed, B. Hasan, A. Saad, M.M. Abdulbassit, K. Khalidabdelatif, N. Elzahed, N. Elkashash, A. Bekhet, N.M. Hafez, S. Gad, A. Maher, M.E. Abdelsameea, A. Hafez, M. Sabe, A. Ahmed, A. Shahine, A. Dawood, K. Gaafar, S. Husseiny, R. Aboelmagd, O. Soliman, A. Mesbah, N. Emadeldin, H. Almeligy, A. Bekhet, A.H. Hasan, D. Alhady, K. Sabe, A.K. Elnajjar, M.A. Aboelella, M. Hamsho, W. Hassan, I. Saad, H. Abdelazim, G. Mahmoud, H. Wael, N. Kandil, A.M. Magdy, A. Saidelkholy, S. Adel, B. Dabbour, K. Elsherbiney, S. Mattar, O. Abdrabou, A.K. Aly, M.Y.M. Geuoshy, A. Elnagar, A. Ahmed, S. Abdelmotaleb, I. Saleh, A.A. Mohammedbakry, H. Saeed, M. Mahmoud, S. Tawfik, B. Ismail, S.A. Zakaria, E. Gad, M.O. Elhelbawy, M. Bassem, M. Khaledabdel-Latif, N. Maraie, N. Elhadary, N.M. Semeda, N. Rabiemohamed, S. Bakry, H.M. Essam, A.A. Tarek, D. Ashour, K. Elhadad, A. Abdel-Aty, A. Rakha, I. Matter, S.M. Abdelhamed, R. Abdelkader, O. Hassaan, A. Soliman, Y. Mohamed, A. Ghanem, S. Farouk, S.A.M. Ibrahim, E.M. El-Taher, E. Mostafa, M. Mahrousbadr, M. El-Sawy, R.E.A. Bakr, A. Al Rafati, A.A.R. Saar, S. Reinsoo, A. Talving, P. Seyoum, N. Worku, T. Fitsum, A. Tolonen, M. Leppaniemi, A. Sallinen, V. Parmentier, B. Peycelon, M. Irtan, S. Dardenne, S. Robert, E. Maillot, B. Courboin, E. Arnaud, A.P. Hascoet, J. Abbo, O. Kaci, A.A. Prudhomme, T. Ballouhey, Q. Grosos, C. Fourcade, L. Cecilia, T. Jean-Francois, C. Helene, F.-C. Delforge, X. Haraux, E. Dousset, B. Schiavone, R. Gaujoux, S. Marret, J.-B. Haffreingue, A. Rod, J. Renaux-Petel, M. Lecompte, J.-F. Breaud, J. Gastaldi, P. Taieb, C. Claire, R. Anis, E. Bustangi, N. Lopez, M. Scalabre, A. Grella, M.G. Mariani, A. Podevin, G. Schmitt, F. Hervieux, E. Broch, A. Muller, C. Tabiri, S. Kojo, A.T.T. Bandoh, D. Abantanga, F. Kyereh, M. Asumah, H. Appiah, E.K. Wondoh, P. Gyedu, A. Dally, C. Amoah, K.A.M. Yifieyeh, A. Agbedinu, K. Owusu, F. Amoako-Boateng, M. Dayie, M. Hagan, R. Debrah, S. Ohene-Yeboah, M. Clegg-Lampety, J.-N. Etwire, V. Dakubo, J. Essoun, S. Bonney, W. Glover-Addy, H. Osei-Nketiah, S. Amoako, J. Adu-Aryee, N. Appeadu-Mensah, W. Bediako-Bowan, A. Dedey, F. Ekow, M. Akatibo, E. Yakubu, M. Kordorwu, H.E.K. Asare-Bediako, K. Tackie, E. Aaniana, K. Acquah, E. Opoku-Agyeman, R. Avoka, A. Kusi, K. Maison, K. Gyamfi, F.E. Naabarnabas, G. Abdul-Latif, S. Taahamoako, P. Davor, A. Dassah, V. Dagoe, E. Kwakyeafriyie, P. Akoto, E. Ackom, E. Mensah, E. Atkins, E.T. Coompson, C.L. Ivros, N. Ferousis, C. Kalles, V. Agalianos, C. Kyriazanos, I. Barkolias, C. Tselos, A. Tzikos, G. Voulgaris, E. Lytras, D. Bamicha, A. Psarianos, K. Stefanopoulos, A. Patoulias, I. Sfougaris, D. Valioulis, I. Balalis, D. Korkolis, D. 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Sarafilovic, H. Ploski, J. Evans, E. Abbas, A. Kamya, S. Ishak, N. Bisset, C. Andress, C. Chin, Y.R. Patel, P. Evans, D. Jeffery, A. Perera, J. Haslegrave, A. Boggon, A. Laurie, K. Connor, K. Mann, T. Nepogodiev, D. Mansuri, A. Davies, R. Griffiths, E. Shahbaz, A.R. Eng, C. Din, F. Heveder, A.L. Park, E.H.G. Ravishankar, R. McIntosh, K. Yau, J.D. Chan, L. McGarvie, S. Tang, L. Lim, H. Yap, S. Park, J. Ng, Z. Mirza, S. Ang, Y.L. Walls, L. Teasdale, E. Roy, C. Paterson-Brown, S. Camilleri-Brennan, J. McLean, K. D'Souza, M. Pronin, S. Henshall, D.E. Ter, E. Fouad, D. Minocha, A. English, W. Morgan, C. Townsend, D. Maciejec, L. Mahdi, S. Akpenyi, O. Hall, E. Caydiid, H. Rob, Z. Abbott, T. Torrance, H.D. Irwin, G. Johnston, R. Gani, M. Gravante, G. Rajmohan, S. Majid, K. Dindyal, S. Smith, C. Palliyil, M. Patel, S. Nicholson, L. Harvey, N. Baillie, K. Shillito, S. Kershaw, S. Bamford, R. Orton, P. Reunis, E. Tyler, R. Soon, W. Jama, G.M. Dhillon, D. Patel, K. Nanthakumaran, S. Heard, R. Chen, K.Y. Barmayehvar, B. Datta, U. Kamarajah, S.K. Iftekhartani, S. Monaghan, E. Donnelly, P. Walker, M. Parakh, J. Blacker, S. Kaul, A. Paramasivan, A. Farag, S. Nessa, A. Awadallah, S. Lim, J. Cheankhunng, J. Gash, K. Kiran, R.P. Murray, A. Etchill, E. Dasari, M. Puyana, J. Haddad, N. Zielinski, M. Choudhry, A. Caliman, C. Beamon, M. Duane, T. Narayanan, R. Swaroop, M. Myers, J. Deal, R. Schadde, E. Hemmila, M. Napolitano, L. To, K. Makupe, A. Musowoya, J. Maimbo, M. van der Naald, N. Kumwenda, D. Reece-Smith, A. Otten, K. Verbeek, A. Prins, M. Suarez, A.A.B. Balmaceda, R. Deane, C. Dijan, E. Elfiky, M. Koskenvuo, L. Thollot, A. Limoges, B. Capito, C. Alexandre, C. Kotobi, H. Leroux, J. Rod, J. Pinnagoda, K. Henric, N. Azzis, O. Rosello, O. Francois, P. Etienne, S. Buisson, P. Hmila, S. Clegg-Lamptey, J.-N. Imoro, O. Abem, O.E. Wondoh, P. Papageorgiou, D. Soulou, V. Asturias, S. Peña, L. Connor, D.B.O. Luc, A.R. Russo, A.A. Ruzzenente, A. Taddei, A. Cona, C. Bottini, C. Pascale, G. Rotunno, G. Solaini, L. Pascale, M.M. Notarnicola, M. Corbellino, M. Sacco, M. Ubiali, P. Cautiero, R. Bocchetti, T. Muzio, E. Guglielmo, V. Morandi, E. Mao, P. de Luca, E. Ali, F.M. Žilinskas, J. Strupas, K. Kondrotas, P. Baltrunas, R. Kutkevicius, J. Ignatavicius, P. Tan, C.L. Siaw, J.Y. Yam, S.Y. Wilson, L. Aziz, M.R.A. Bondin, J. Zorrilla, C.D. Majbar, A. Sale, D. Abdullahi, L. Osagie, O. Faboya, O. Fatuga, A. Taiwo, A. Nwabuoku, E. Bliksøen, M. Khan, Z.A. Coronel, J. Miranda, C. Vasquez, I. Helguero-Santin, L.M. Rickard, J. Adedeji, A. Alqahtani, S. Rath, M. van Niekerk, M. Koto, M.Z. Matos-Puig, R. Israelsson, L. Schuetz, T. Yuksek, M.A. Mericliler, M. Uluşahin, M. Wolf, B. Fairfield, C. Yong, G.L. Whitehurst, K. Wilson, M. Redgrave, N. Musyoka, C.K. Olivier, J. Lee, K. Cox, M. Farhan-Alanie, M.M.H. Callan, R. Chibuye, C. Ali, T.H.A. Rekhis, S. Rommaneh, M. Sam, Z.H. Lawani, I. Pugliesi, T.B. Pardo, G. GlobalSurg Collaborative
- Abstract
Introduction Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, there is a lack of data available about SSI in children worldwide, especially from low-income and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of SSI in children and associations between SSI and morbidity across human development settings. Methods A multicentre, international, prospective, validated cohort study of children aged under 16 years undergoing clean-contaminated, contaminated or dirty gastrointestinal surgery. Any hospital in the world providing paediatric surgery was eligible to contribute data between January and July 2016. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI by 30 days. Relationships between explanatory variables and SSI were examined using multilevel logistic regression. Countries were stratified into high development, middle development and low development groups using the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Results Of 1159 children across 181 hospitals in 51 countries, 523 (45·1%) children were from high HDI, 397 (34·2%) from middle HDI and 239 (20·6%) from low HDI countries. The 30-day SSI rate was 6.3% (33/523) in high HDI, 12·8% (51/397) in middle HDI and 24·7% (59/239) in low HDI countries. SSI was associated with higher incidence of 30-day mortality, intervention, organ-space infection and other HAIs, with the highest rates seen in low HDI countries. Median length of stay in patients who had an SSI was longer (7.0 days), compared with 3.0 days in patients who did not have an SSI. Use of laparoscopy was associated with significantly lower SSI rates, even after accounting for HDI. Conclusion The odds of SSI in children is nearly four times greater in low HDI compared with high HDI countries. Policies to reduce SSI should be prioritised as part of the wider global agenda. ©
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- 2020
14. Population frequency of HLA haplotypes contributes to the prevalence difference of multiple sclerosis in Ireland
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McGuigan, C., Dunne, C., Crowley, J., Hagan, R., Rooney, G., Lawlor, E., and Hutchinson, M.
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- 2005
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15. Development, reliability and validity of a new measure of overall health for pre-school children
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Saigal, S., Rosenbaum, P., Stoskopf, B., Hoult, L., Furlong, W., Feeny, D., and Hagan, R.
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- 2005
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16. DEVELOPING A PROTOCOL TO IMPROVE DIABETES SCREENING AND MANAGEMENT IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS PATIENTS: A QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROJECT: 455
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Enders, J. L., Revilla, E., Berhanu, W., Hagan, R., Sheppard, M., Pendley, S., McCurdy, J., Sueblinvong, V., Stecenko, A., Caplan, D., Hansen, I., Tangpricha, V., and Schechter, M. S.
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- 2011
17. Multiple sclerosis prevalence in Ireland: relationship to vitamin D status and HLA genotype
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Lonergan, R, Kinsella, K, Fitzpatrick, P, Brady, J, Murray, B, Dunne, C, Hagan, R, Duggan, M, Jordan, S, McKenna, M, Hutchinson, M, and Tubridy, N
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- 2011
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18. Musculoskeletal Adaptations to Training with the Advanced Resistive Exercise Device
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LOEHR, JAMES A., LEE, STUART M. C., ENGLISH, KIRK L., SIBONGA, JEAN, SMITH, SCOTT M., SPIERING, BARRY A., and HAGAN, R. DONALD
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- 2011
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19. Presynaptic receptor control of neurotransmitter synthesis and release in the CNS of rats
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Hagan, R. M.
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611 ,Human anatomy & human histology - Published
- 1984
20. Irish society of gastroenterology: Proceedings of meeting held friday 20th and saturday 21st november 1998
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Curry, M. P., Norris, S., Hegarty, J. E., Smith, F., Nolan, N., Golden-Mason, L., O’Farrelly, C., Walsh, K. M., Fletcher, A., MacSween, R. N. M., Morris, A. J., Bohan, A., Nolan, N., Hegarty, J. E., Ryan, E., Flanagan, A-M., Martinez-Dalmau, P., Crowe, J., O’Farrelly, C., Golden-Mason, L., Curry, M. P., Kelly, J., Traynor, O., Hegarty, J. E., Mathias, J., McCormick, P. A., McEntee, G., Hegarty, J., Traynor, O., Barrett, S., O’Keane, J. C., Crowe, J., Shah, A. A., Berry, M., Thjodleifsson, B., Bjarnason, I., Gudjohnsson, H., Oddson, E., Fitzgerald, D. J., Kay, E., Price, A., Murray, F. E., Carton, E., Mulligan, E. D., Caldwell, M. T. P., Rana, D., Ryan, B., Mahmud, N., Keeling, N., Tanner, W. A., Keane, F. B. V., McDonald, G., Reynolds, J. V., Mahmood, Z., Rathore, O., Ellis, I., Byrne, P., Mahmud, N., Keeling, P. W. N., Khan, I., McManus, K., Anikin, V., Mills, M., McGuigan, J., Taylor, C., Winter, D. C., O’Sullivan, G. C., Harvey, B. J., Bennett, M. W., O’Connell, J., O’Sullivan, G. C., Collins, J. K., Shanahan, F., Wieneke, P., O’Leary, C., Healy, M., O’Halloran, T., Barry, R., Cronin, C. C., O’Regan, P., Shanahan, F., Bennett, M. W., O’Connell, J., O’Sullivan, G. C., Collins, J. K., Shanahan, F., O’Grady, H., Grant, D., Sheahan, K., Hyland, J. M. P., O’Donoghue, D. P., Murphy, J., Lee, G., Madden, M., Kelly, J., Collins, J. K., Shanahan, P., Sullivan, G. O., Shima, H., Basisht, R., Ohshiro, K., Puri, P., Goh, J., MacMathuna, P., Baird, A., Godson, C., Brady, H. R., Petasis, N. A., Fokin, V. V., O’Keane, J. C., McCormack, G., McCormick, P. A., Hegarty, J. E., O’Donoghue, D. P., Hyland, J. M. P., Khosraviani, K., Weir, H. P., Williamson, K., Hamilton, P., Moorehead, R. J., Mcllmoyle, J., Watson, R. G. P., Collins, J. S. A., Tham, T. C. K., Doyle, R. M., Molony, C., Fitzpatrick, D., Coakley, D., Walsh, J. B., Kelleher, D., Devitt, E., Keane, C., Walsh, C., Bennett, M. W., O’Connell, J., O’Sullivan, G. C., Collins, J. K., Shanahan, F., Murray, K. P., Kaufman, H. S., Shin, J. H., Pitt, H. A., Johnston, S. D., Watson, R. G. P., McMillan, S. A., Larkin, C. J., Sloan, J. M., Watson, R. G. P., Ardill, J. E. S., Collins, J. S., Buchanan, K. D., Larkin, C. J., Curry, W. J., Watson, R. G. P., Johnston, C. F., Ardill, J. E. S., Buchanan, K. D., Larkin, C. J., Curry, W., Johnston, C., Sloan, J., Watson, R. G. P., Ardill, J., Collins, J. S., Buchanan, K. D., Larkin, C. J., Curry, W., Johnston, C., Sloan, J., Watson, R. G. P., Ardill, J., Collins, J. S., Buchanan, K. D., Larkin, C. J., Irvine, R., Gibson, L., Tham, T. C. K., Creedon, G., Mabruk, M., Leader, M., O’Grady, T., Murphy, M., Kay, E., Shah, A. A., Harhen, B., Fitzgerald, D. J., Murray, F. E., Hickey, A., Gannon, N., O’Boyle, C., Byrne, R., Smith, M., Murray, F., Byrne, M. F., Harhen, B., Fitzgerald, D. J., Murray, F. E., Quinlan, J., Delaney, C. P., O’Grady, H., Varadarajan, R., O’Donoghue, D. P., Hyland, J. M., MacEneaney, P. M., Skehan, S. J., Curry, M., Gibney, R. G., McCormick, P. A., Malone, D. E., Kealy, S., MacEneaney, P. M., Dodd, J., Murrary, R., Donoghue, D. P., Keating, D., Gibney, R. G., Malone, D. E., Hashim, Z., Donnellan, J., O’Connor, Y., Kearns, M., Stevens, F. M., Sookhai, S., Wang, J. H., Neary, P., McCourt, M., O’Connell, D., Redmond, H. P., Khosraviani, K., McAteer, E., Campbell, W. J., Mackle, E. J., Smyth, C., McKiernan, S., Lawlor, M., Pilkington, K., Hagan, R., Kelleher, D., Montague, S., Barry, R., Buckley, M., Morain, C. A. O., Connolly, C., Tierney, S., Gray, J., Lyons, N. D., Delaney, P. V., Grace, P. A., Nemeth, L., O’Briain, D. S., Puri, P., Carton, E., Mulligan, E. D., O’Toole, C., Roddy, D., Keeling, N., Griffin, M., McDonald, G., Hennessy, T. P. J., Reynolds, J. V., O’Keffe, C., O’Donoghue, D., Hegarty, J., McCormick, P. A., Murphy, E., Reynolds, J., Nolan, J. J., Goh, J., Barrett, S., McAndrew, M., Crowe, J., O’Keane, J. C., Clarke, G., Stewart, S., McKiernan, S., Cockram, A., O’Keane, J. C., Kelleher, D., Crowe, J., Coughlan, B., Sheehan, J., Hickey, A., Crowe, J., Lang, E. E., Caldwell, M. T. P., Tanner, W. A., McNamara, D., Hamilton, H., Beattie, S., Montague, S., O’Morain, C., Windle, H. J., Kelleher, D., Heaney, A., Collins, J. S. A., Tham, T. C. K., Chan, W. S., Mitchell, R. M. S., Collins, J. S. A., Watson, R. G. P., O’Leary, C., Wieneke, P., Feighery, L., Quane, K., Molloy, M., Shanahan, F., Feighery, C., Cronin, C. C., Golden-Mason, L., Curry, M. P., Traynor, O., McEntee, G., Kelly, J., Hegarty, J. E., Farrelly, C. O., Egan, B. M., Barry, M. K., Grant, D. C., O’Donoghue, D., Hegarty, J., Traynor, O., Hyland, J. M. P., Barry, P., Casey, P., Laffoy, M., Tracey, J., McCormick, P. A., Goode, T., O’Connell, J., Hopkins, A., Baird, A. W., O’Sullivan, G. C., Collins, J. K., Shanahan, F., O’Leary, C., Kingston, M., Blackwell, M., Wieneke, P., Cronin, C. C., O’Regan, P. F., Shanahan, F., Maher, L. J., Skelly, M. M., Godson, C., Brady, H. R., and Baird, A. W.
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- 1998
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21. Changes In Muscle Volume And Strength Following 16 Weeks Of Training Using The Advanced Resistive Exercise Device (ARED) And Free Weights: 2254: Board #142 May 28 3:30 PM - 5:00 PM
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Nash, Roxanne E., Loehr, James A., Lee, Stuart M.C., English, Kirk L., Evans, Harlan, Smith, Scott A., and Hagan, R. Donald
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- 2009
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22. BGC20-1531, a novel, potent and selective prostanoid EP4 receptor antagonist: a putative new treatment for migraine headache
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Maubach, K A, Davis, R J, Clark, D E, Fenton, G, Lockey, P M, Clark, K L, Oxford, A W, Hagan, R M, Routledge, C, and Coleman, R A
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- 2009
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23. HLA-A, B, Cw, DRB1, DQB1 and DPB1 alleles and haplotypes in the genetically homogenous Irish population
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Dunne, C., Crowley, J., Hagan, R., Rooney, G., and Lawlor, E.
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- 2008
24. Bone Mineral Density Adaptations of the Hip and Spine to Training with the Advanced Resistive Exercise Device and with Free Weights in Ambulatory Subjects: 1798: Board #151 May 29 9:00 AM - 10:30 AM
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Lee, Stuart M. C., Loehr, James A., English, Kirk L., Sibonga, Jean, Jane Maddocks, Mary, Smith, Scott A., and Hagan, R. Donald
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- 2008
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25. Muscle Volume Increases Following 16 Weeks of Resistive Exercise Training with the Advanced Resistive Exercise Device (ARED) and Free Weights
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Nash, R. E, Loehr, J. A, Lee, S. M. C, English, K. L, Evans, H, Smith, S. A, and Hagan, R. D
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Aerospace Medicine - Abstract
Space flight-induced muscle atrophy, particularly in the postural and locomotorymuscles, may impair task performance during long-duration space missions and planetary exploration. High intensity free weight (FW) resistive exercise training has been shown to prevent atrophy during bed rest, a space flight analog. NASA developed the Advanced Resistive Exercise Device (ARED) to simulate the characteristics of FW exercise (i.e. constant mass, inertial force) and to be used as a countermeasure during International Space Station (ISS) missions. PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of ARED and FW training to induce hypertrophy in specific muscle groups in ambulatory subjects prior to deploying ARED on the ISS. METHODS: Twenty untrained subjects were assigned to either the ARED (8 males, 3 females) or FW (6 males, 3 females) group and participated in a periodizedtraining protocol consisting of squat (SQ), heel raise (HR), and deadlift(DL) exercises 3 d wk-1 for 16 wks. SQ, HR, and DL muscle strength (1RM) was measured before, after 8 wks, and after 16 wks of training to prescribe exercise and measure strength changes. Muscle volume of the vastigroup (V), hamstring group (H), hip adductor group (ADD), medial gastrocnemius(MG), lateral gastrocnemius(LG), and deep posterior muscles including soleus(DP) was measured using MRI pre-and post-training. Consecutive cross-sectional images (8 mm slices with a 2 mm gap) were analyzed and summed. Anatomical references insured that the same muscle sections were analyzed pre-and post-training. Two-way repeated measures ANOVAs (p<0.05) were used to test for differences in muscle strength and volume between training devices. RESULTS: SQ, HR, and DL 1RM increased in both FW (SQ: 49+/-6%, HR: 12+/-2%, DL: 23+/-4%) and ARED (SQ: 31+/-4%, HR: 18+/-2%, DL: 23+/-3%) groups. Both groups increased muscle volume in the V (FW: 13+/-2%, ARED: 10+/-2%), H (FW: 3+/-1%, ARED: 3+/-1 %), ADD (FW: 15=/-2%, ARED: 10+/-1%), LG (FW: 7+/-2%, ARED: 4+/-1%), MG (FW: 7+/-2%, ARED: 5+/-2%), and DP (FW: 2+/-1%; ARED: 2+/-1%) after training. There were no between group differences in muscle strength or volume. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in muscle volume and strength following ARED training is not different than FW training. With the training effects similar to FW and a 600 lb load capacity, ARED likely will protect against muscle atrophy in microgravity.
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- 2009
26. Time-to-Fatigue and Intramuscular pH Measured via NIRS During Handgrip Exercise in Trained and Sedentary Individuals
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Everett, M. E, Lee, S. M. C, Stroud, L, Scott, P, Hagan, R. D, and Soller, B. R
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Aerospace Medicine - Abstract
In exercising muscles force production and muscular endurance are impaired by a decrease in intramuscular pH. The effects of aerobic training (AT) on preventing acidosis and prolonging exercise time in muscles not specifically targeted by the training are unknown. Purpose: To compare interstitial pH, measured non-invasively with near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), in the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) during rhythmic handgrip exercise in sedentary subjects and those who participate in AT activities that target the lower body. Methods: Maximal isometric force (MIF) was measured on three separate days in AT (n=5) and sedentary (n=8) subjects using a handgrip dynamometer (HGD). Isometric muscular endurance (IME) was measured during five trials, each separated by at least 48 hrs. For each IME trial subjects rhythmically squeezed (4 sec at 40% of MVC) and relaxed (2 sec) to fatigue or failure to reach the target force in three consecutive contractions or four non-consecutive contractions. Interstitial pH was derived from spectra collected using a NIRS sensor adhered to the skin over the FDP. The first four IME trials served to familiarize subjects with the protocol; the fifth trial was used for analysis. NIRS-derived pH was averaged in 30 sec increments. Between group differences in MIF and exercise time were tested using paired t-tests. A repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze effects of AT and exercise time on pH. Results: MIF was not different between groups (mean SD; aerobic=415.6 95.4 N vs. sedentary =505.1 107.4 N). Time to fatigue was greater in the AT than in the sedentary group (mean SD: 611 173 sec vs. 377 162 sec, p<0.05). pH was not different between groups at any time point. Average pH decreased (p<0.05) in both groups from rest (pH=7.4) through 90 sec of exercise (pH=6.9), but did not decrease further throughout the remainder of exercise. Conclusion: Although between group differences in pH were not detected, differences during the onset of exercise may exist with a more frequent sampling. AT individuals appear to better tolerate decreased interstitial pH and are able to continue submaximal muscular work, possibly due to psychological familiarization to muscular fatigue and/or systemic physiological benefits.
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- 2009
27. Changes in Muscle Volume and Strength Following 16 Weeks of Training using the Advanced Resistive Exercise Device (ARED) and Free Weights
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Nash, R. E, Loehr, J. A, Lee, S. M. C, English, K. L, Evans, H, Smith, S. A, and Hagan, R. D
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Aerospace Medicine - Published
- 2009
28. Musculoskeletal Adaptations to Different Levels of Eccentric Resistance during 8 Weeks of Training: 1907: Board #195 10:30 AM - 10:30 AM
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English, Kirk L., Loehr, James A., Lee, Stuart M.C., Maddocks, Mary Jane, Laughlin, Mitzi S., and Hagan, R. Donald
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- 2007
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29. Keratoconus associated with CSNB1
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Nguyen, D Q, Hemmerdinger, C, Hagan, R P, Brown, M C, Quah, S A, and Kaye, S B
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- 2007
30. The anxiolytic-like activity of GR159897, a non-peptide NK2 receptor antagonist, in rodent and primate models of anxiety
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Walsh, D. M., Stratton, S. C., Harvey, F. J., Beresford, I. J. M., and Hagan, R. M.
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- 1995
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31. Irish Association for Cancer Research: Proceedings of annual scientific meeting held at Kinsale on April 15–16th, 1994
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Lawler, M., Locasciulli, A., Bacigalupo, A., Humphries, P., Ljungman, P., McCann, S. R., Nolan, N., McDermott, E. W., Reynolds, J. R., McCann, A., Rafferty, R., Sweeney, P., Carney, D., O’Higgins, N. J., Duffy, M. J., Gardiner, C., Reen, D. J., O’Connell, M. A., Kelleher, D., Hall, N., O’Neill, L. A. J., Long, A., McCarthy, J. V., Fernandes, R. S., Cotter, T. G., Ryan, E., Kitching, A., MacMathuna, P., Mulligan, E., Merriman, R., Dervan, P., Kelly, P., Gorey, T. F., Lennon, J. R., Crowe, J., Bennett, M. A., Kay, E. W., Curran, B., O’Donoghue, D. P., Leader, M., Croke, D. T., O’Connor, J. M., McKelvey-Martin, V. J., McKenna, P. G., O’Riordan, J. M., Tobin, A., O’Mahoney, M., Keogh, F. M., O’Riordan, J., McNamara, C., McEneaney, P., Daly, P. A., Farrell, M., Young, S., Gibbons, D., McCarthy, P., Mulcahy, H., Parfrey, N. A., Sheahan, K., Lambkin, H., Mothersill, C., Chin, D., Sheehan, K., Kelehan, P., Parfrey, N., Morrin, M., Khan, F., Delaney, P., Rowan, D. M., Orminston, W. J., Donnellan, P. P., Khalid, A., Kerin, M., O’Hanlon, D. M., Kent, P., Given, H. F., Kennedy, S. M., McGeoch, G., Spurr, N. K., Barrett, J., O’Sullivan, G., Collins, J. K., Willcocks, T., Kennedy, S., Dolan, J., Gallagher, W., McDermott, E., O’Higgins, N., Hagan, R., McManus, R., Ormiston, W., Daly, P., Sheils, O., McDermott, M., O’Briain, D. S., Maher, D., Costello, P., Flanagan, F., Stack, J., Ennis, J., Grimes, H., Yanni, A., Harrison, M., Lowry, W. S., Russell, S. E. H., Atkinson, R. J., White, P., Hickey, I., Bell, D. W., Biggart, D., Doyle, J., Staunton, M. J., Gaffney, E. F., Dervan, P. A., McCabe, M. M., Fennelly, J. J., Carney, D. N., O’Reilly, M., McMahon, J. N., Moriarty, M., Hurson, B., O’Neill, A. J., Magee, H., O’Loughlin, J., Dervan, P. A., Cremin, P., Orminston, W., McCarthy, J., Redmond, P., Duggan, S., Rea, S., Bouchier-Hayes, D., O’Donnell, J., Duggan, C., Crown, J., Bermingham, D., Nugent, A., Fleming, C., Crosby, P., Wolff, S., McCarthy, D., Walsh, C. Barry, Cassidy, M., Husain, S., Kay, E., Thornhilll, M., Whelan, D., Barry, D., Turner, M., Prenderville, W., Murphy, F., Prendiville, W., Gibson, G., O’Grady, T., Carmody, M., Donohoe, J., Walshe, J., Murphy, G. M., O’Donoghue, J., Kerin, K., Ahern, S., Molloy, K., Goulden, N., Pamphilon, D. H., O’Connell, M., Power, C., Leroux, A., Perricaudet, M., Walls, D., Britton, F., Brennan, L., Barnett, Y. A., Madden, B., Wakelin, L. P. G., Loughrey, H. C., Corley, P., Redmond, H. P., Watson, R. W. G., Keogh, I., O’Hanlon, D., Walsh, S., Callaghan, J., McNamara, M., Benedict-Smith, A., Barnes, C., Neylon, D., Fenton, M., Searcey, M., Topham, C. M., Wakelin, L. G., Howarth, N. M., Purohit, A., Reed, M. J., Potter, B. V. L., Hatton, W. J., McKerr, G., Harvey, D., Carson, J., Hannigan, B. M., McCarthy, P. J., McClean, S., Hill, B. T., Costelloe, C., Denny, W. A., Fingleton, B., McDonnell, S., Butler, M., Corbally, N., Dervan, P. A., Stephens, J. F., Martin, G., McGirl, A., Lawlor, E., Gardiner, N., Lynch, S., Arce, M. de, O’Brien, F., Duggan, A., O’Herlihy, S., Shanahan, F., O’Keeffe, G., McCann, S., Sweeney, K., Neill, A. O., Pamphilon, D., Sheridan, M., Reid, I., Seymour, C. B., Walshe, T., Hennessy, T. P., O’Mahony, A., O’Connell’, J., Lawlor, C., Nolan, S., Morrisey, D., Pedlow, P. J., Walsh, M., Lowry, S. W., McAleer, J. J. A., McKeown, S. R., Afrasiabi, M., Lappin, T. R. J., Joiner, B., Hirst, K. V., Hirst, D. G., Sweeney, E., VanderSpek, J., Murphy, J., and Foss, F.
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
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32. Comparison of two cool vests on heat-strain reduction while wearing a firefighting ensemble
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Bennett, B. L., Hagan, R. D., Huey, K. A., Minson, C., and Cain, D.
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- 1995
- Full Text
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33. Vertical Jump Height is more Strongly Associated with Velocity and Work Performed Prior to Take-off
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Bentley, J. R, Loehr, J. A, DeWitt, J. K, Lee, S. M. C, English, K. L, Nash, R. E, Leach, M. A, and Hagan, R. D
- Subjects
Aerospace Medicine - Abstract
Vertical jump (VJ) height is commonly used as a measure of athletic capability in strength and power sports. Although VJ has been shown to be a predictor of athletic performance, it is not clear which kinetic ground reaction force (GRF) variables, such as peak force (PF), peak power (PP), peak velocity (PV), total work (TW) or impulse (Imp) are the best correlates. To determine which kinetic variables (PF, PP, PV, TW, and Imp) best correlate with VJ height. Twenty subjects (14 males, 6 females) performed three maximal countermovement VJs on a force platform (Advanced Mechanical Technology, Inc., Watertown, MA, USA). VJ jump height was calculated as the difference between standing reach and the highest reach point measured using a Vertec. PF, PP, PV, TW, and Imp were calculated using the vertical GRF data sampled at 1000 Hz from the lowest point in the countermovement through the concentric portion until take-off. GRF data were normalized to body mass measured using a standard scale (Detecto, Webb City, MO, USA). Correlation coefficients were computed between each GRF variable and VJ height using a Pearson correlation. VJ height (43.4 plus or minus 9.1 cm) was significantly correlated (p less than 0.001) with PF (998 plus or minus 321 N; r=0.51), PP (1997 plus or minus 772 W; r=0.69), PV (2.66 plus or minus 0.40 m (raised dot) s(sup -1); r=0.85), TW (259 plus or minus 93.0 kJ; r=0.82), and Imp (204 plus or minus 51.1 N(raised dot)s; r=0.67). Although all variables were correlated to VJ height, PV and TW were more strongly correlated to VJ height than PF, PP, and Imp. Therefore, since TW is equal to force times displacement, the relative displacement of the center of mass along with the forces applied during the upward movement of the jump are critical determinants of VJ height. PV and TW are key determinants of VJ height, and therefore successful training programs to increase VJ height should focus on rapid movement (PV) and TW by increasing power over time rather than focusing on PF alone.
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- 2008
34. Effects of Different Lifting Cadences on Ground Reaction Forces during the Squat Exercise
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Bentley, Jason R, Amonette, William E, and Hagan, R. Donald
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Aerospace Medicine - Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of different cadences on the ground reaction force (GRF(sub R)) during the squat exercise. It is known that squats performed with greater acceleration will produce greater inertial forces; however, it is not well understood how different squat cadences affect GRF(sub R). It was hypothesized that faster squat cadences will result in greater peak GRF(sub R). METHODS: Six male subjects (30.8+/-4.4 y, 179.5+/-8.9 cm, 88.8+/-13.3 kg) with previous squat experience performed three sets of three squats using three different cadences (FC = 1 sec descent/1 sec ascent; MC = 3 sec descent/1 sec ascent; SC = 4 sec descent/2 sec ascent) with barbell mass equal to body mass. Ground reaction force was used to calculate inertial force trajectories of the body plus barbell (FI(sub system)). Forces were normalized to body mass. RESULTS: Peak GRF(sub R) and peak FI(sub system) were significantly higher in FC squats compared to MC (p=0.0002) and SC (p=0.0002). Range of GRF(sub R) and FI(sub system) were also significantly higher in FC compared to MC (p<0.05), and MC were significantly higher than SC (p<0.05). DISCUSSION: Faster squat cadences result in significantly greater peak GRF(sub R) due to the inertia of the system. GRF(sub R) was more dependent upon decent cadence than on ascent cadence. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study demonstrates that faster squat cadences produce greater ground reaction forces. Therefore, the use of faster squat cadences might enhance strength and power adaptations to long-term resistance exercise training. Key Words: velocity, weight training, resistive exercise
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- 2008
35. 16 Weeks of Training with the International Space Station Advanced Resistive Exercise Device (aRED) Is not Different than Training with Free Weights
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Loehr, J. A, Lee, S. M. C, English, K. E, Leach, M, Bentley, J, Nash, R, and Hagan, R. D
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Aerospace Medicine - Abstract
The advanced Resistive Exercise Device (aRED) is a resistive exercise system designed to maintain muscle mass and strength in microgravity by simulating free weight (FW) exercise. aRED utilizes vacuum cylinders and inertial flywheels to replicate the constant mass and inertial components, respectively, of FW exercise in normal gravity. PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness of aRED and FW resistive exercise training in ambulatory subjects. METHODS: Untrained subjects were assigned to two groups, FW (6 males, 3 females) and aRED (8 males, 3 females), and performed squat (SQ), heel raise (HR), and deadlift (DL) exercises 3 d wk-1 for 16 wks. SQ, HR and DL strength (1RM) were measured using FW hardware pre-, mid- and post-training. Subjects participated in a periodized training protocol with the exercise prescription based on a percentage of 1RM. Thigh and lower leg muscle volume were assessed using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and leg (LLM) and total body lean mass (BLM) were measured using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) pre- and post-training. RESULTS: SQ 1RM increased in both FW (48.9+/-6.1%) and aRED (31.2+/-3.8%) groups, and there was a greater training response in FW compared with aRED (p=0.01). HR and DL 1RM increased in FW (HR: 12.3+/-2.4%, DL: 23.3+/-4.4%) and aRED (HR: 18.0+/-1.6%, DL: 23.2+'-2.8%), but there were no differences between groups. Thigh muscle volume was greater following training in both groups (FW: 9.8+/-0.9%, aRED: 7.1+/-1.2%) but lower leg muscle volume increased only in the FW group (3.0+/-1.1%). Lean tissue mass increased in both FW (LLM: 3.9+/-1.1%, BLM: 2.5+/-0.7%) and aRED (LLM: 4.8+/-0.7%, BLM: 2.6 0.7%). There were no between group differences in muscle volume or lean mass in response to training. CONCLUSIONS: In general, the increase in muscle strength, muscle volume, and lean tissue mass when training with aRED was not different than when using the same training protocol with FW. The smaller increase in SQ 1RM in the aRED group may be the result of undersizing the aRED flywheels which were intended to mimic the inertial component of the SQ movement when performing FW exercises. However, the biomechanical differences observed in body position during the performance of the aRED SQ, which may have affected training and testing, cannot be excluded as a factor that may have affected SQ 1RM results. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Improvements in muscle strength, muscle volume and lean mass similar to FW exercise training may be elicited using an alternative source of resistance during exercise training. The acceleration of a mass during resistive exercise may result in greater muscle tension when changing the direction of movement resulting in enhanced strength gains. Therefore, to maximize the benefits of resistive exercise, the inertial components of FW exercise should be considered during exercise selection and hardware design. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: This investigation was supported by NASA-JSC s Exercise Countermeasures Project.
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- 2008
36. Reliability of Strength Testing using the Advanced Resistive Exercise Device and Free Weights
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English, Kirk L, Loehr, James A, Laughlin, Mitzi A, Lee, Stuart M. C, and Hagan, R. Donald
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Life Sciences (General) - Abstract
The Advanced Resistive Exercise Device (ARED) was developed for use on the International Space Station as a countermeasure against muscle atrophy and decreased strength. This investigation examined the reliability of one-repetition maximum (1RM) strength testing using ARED and traditional free weight (FW) exercise. Methods: Six males (180.8 +/- 4.3 cm, 83.6 +/- 6.4 kg, 36 +/- 8 y, mean +/- SD) who had not engaged in resistive exercise for at least six months volunteered to participate in this project. Subjects completed four 1RM testing sessions each for FW and ARED (eight total sessions) using a balanced, randomized, crossover design. All testing using one device was completed before progressing to the other. During each session, 1RM was measured for the squat, heel raise, and deadlift exercises. Generalizability (G) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated for each exercise on each device and were used to predict the number of sessions needed to obtain a reliable 1RM measurement (G . 0.90). Interclass reliability coefficients and Pearson's correlation coefficients (R) also were calculated for the highest 1RM value (1RM9sub peak)) obtained for each exercise on each device to quantify 1RM relationships between devices.
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- 2008
37. Different Levels of Eccentric Resistance during Eight Weeks of Training Affect Muscle Strength and Lean Tissue Mass
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English, K. L, Loehr, J. A, Lee, S. M. C, Laughlin, M. S, and Hagan, R. D
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Aerospace Medicine - Abstract
Coupling concentric and eccentric muscle contractions appears to be important in the development of muscle strength and hypertrophy. The interim Resistive Exercise Device (iRED) currently used aboard the International Space Station does not seem to be as effective as free weight training in ambulatory subjects and has not completely protected against muscular deconditioning due to space flight. The lack of protection during space flight could be caused by iRED's proportionally lower eccentric resistance (60-70%) compared to concentric resistance. PURPOSE: To determine the effects of 8 wks of lower body resistive exercise training using five levels of eccentric resistance on muscle strength and lean tissue mass. METHODS: Forty untrained males (34.9 +/- 7 yrs, 80.9 +/- 9.8 kg, 178.2 +/- 7.1 cm; mean +/- SD) completed three 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) strength tests for both the supine leg press (LP) and supine heel raise (HR) prior to training; subjects were matched for LP strength and randomly assigned to one of five training groups. Concentric load (% 1-RM) was constant across groups during training, but each group trained with different levels of eccentric load (0%, 33%, 66%, 100%, or 138% of concentric). Subjects trained 3 d / wk for 8 wks using a periodized program for LP and HR based on percentages of the highest pre-training 1-RM. LP and HR 1-RM and leg lean mass (LLM; assessed by DEXA) were measured pre- and post-training. A two-way ANOVA was used to analyze all dependent measures. Tukey's post hoc tests were used to test significant main effects. Within group pre- to post-training changes were compared using paired t-tests with a Bonferroni adjustment. Statistical significance was set a priori at p 0.05. All data are expressed as mean +/- SE. RESULTS: LP 1-RM strength increased significantly in all groups pre- to post-training. The 138% group increase (20.1 +/- 3.7%) was significantly greater than the 0% (7.9 +/- 2.8%), 33% (7.7 +/- 4.6%), and 66% (7.5 +/- 4.3%) groups. All groups significantly increased HR strength pre- to posttraining (33%: 7.5 +/- 6.1%; 66%: 6.6 +/- 3.7%; 100%: 12.2 +/- 1.8%; 138%: 11.0 +/- 6.4%) except for the 0% (4.9 +/- 9.1%) group. There were no differences between groups. LLM increased significantly pre- to post-training in only the 138% group; there were no differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Eight wks of lower body resistive exercise training with eccentric overload resulted in greater increases in LP strength than training with eccentric loads of 66% or less. Post-training HR strength was not affected by eccentric training load, perhaps because of the predominance of Type I fibers typical in the gastrocnemius. Only 138% eccentric training significantly increased LLM. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: For athletes or others desiring to maximize muscle strength and hypertrophy gains, training with eccentric loads greater than 100% of concentric resistance will provide greater increases in muscle strength and lean tissue mass in some muscle groups. In a rehabilitation or geriatric exercise setting that places primary emphasis on program adherence and moderate strength gains, training with an eccentric underload may provide strength increases comparable to those of traditional 1:1 training but with less muscle soreness and physiologic insult to the patient, but this has yet to be proven.
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- 2008
38. Human leucocyte antigen class II polymorphism in Irish patients with multiple sclerosis
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Dunne, C., McGuigan, C., Crowley, J., Hagan, R., Rooney, G., Kelleher, J., Hutchinson, M., and Lawlor, E.
- Published
- 2006
39. Ground Reaction Forces and Gait Parameters during Motorized and Non-Motorized Treadmill Walking and Running on the International Space Station Treadmill: 1103: 9:15 AM – 9:30 AM
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Norcross, Jason, DeWitt, John, Lee, Stuart M.C., McCleary, Frank, Edwards, W. Brent, and Hagan, R. Donald
- Published
- 2006
40. Independence of ventilation and blood lactate responses during graded exercise
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von Duvillard, Serge P. and Hagan, R. Donald
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
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41. Skeletal Adaptations to Different Levels of Eccentric Resistance Following Eight Weeks of Training
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English, Kirk L, Loehr, James A, Lee, Stuart M. C, Maddocks, Mary J, Laughlin, Mitzi S, and Hagan, R. Donald
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Aerospace Medicine - Abstract
Coupled concentric-eccentric resistive exercise maintains bone mineral density (BMD) during bed rest and aging. PURPOSE: We hypothesized that 8 wks of lower body resistive exercise training with higher ratios of eccentric to concentric loading would enhance hip and lumbar BMD. METHODS: Forty untrained male volunteers (34.9+/-7.0 yrs, 80.9+/-9.8 kg, 178.2+/-7.1 cm; mean+/-SD) were matched for leg press (LP) 1-Repetition Maximum (1-RM) strength and randomly assigned to one of 5 training groups. Concentric load (% 1-RM) was constant across groups, but each group trained with different levels of eccentric load (0, 33, 66, 100, or 138% of concentric) for all training sessions. Subjects performed a periodized supine LP and heel raise (HR) training program 3 d wk-1 for 8 wks using a modified Agaton Fitness System (Agaton Fitness AB, Boden, Sweden). Hip and lumbar BMD (g/sq cm) was measured in triplicate pre- and post-training using DXA (Hologic Discovery ). Pre- and post-training means were compared using the appropriate ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests. Within group pre- to post-training BMD was compared using paired t-tests with a Bonferroni adjustment. RESULTS: There was a main effect of training on L1, L2, L3, L4, total lumbar, and greater trochanter BMD, but there were no differences between groups. CONCLUSION: Eights wks of lower body resistive exercise increased greater trochanter and lumbar BMD. Inability to detect group differences may have been influenced by a potentially osteogenic vibration associated with device operation in the 0, 33, and 66% groups.
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- 2007
42. Validation of the Pulmonary Function System for Use on the International Space Station
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McCleary, Frank A, Moore, Alan D., Jr, and Hagan, R. Donald
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Aerospace Medicine - Abstract
Aerobic deconditioning occurs during long duration space flight despite the use of exercise countermeasures (Convertino, 1996). As a part of International Space Station (ISS) medical operations, periodic tests designed to estimate aerobic capacity are performed to track changes in aerobic fitness and to determine the effectiveness of exercise countermeasures. These tests are performed prior to, during, and after missions of greater than 30 days in duration. Crewmembers selected for missions aboard the ISS perform a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer approximately 270 days prior to their scheduled launch date in order to measure peak oxygen consumption (VO2PK) and peak heart rate (HRpk). Approximately 30 to 45 days prior to launch, crewmembers perform a submaximal cycle ergometer test at work rates set to elicit 25, 50 and 75% of their pre-flight VO2PK. This test, known as the Periodic Fitness Evaluation (PFE), serves as a baseline measure to which subsequent in-and post-flight exercise tests are compared. While onboard the ISS, crewmembers are normally scheduled to perform the PFE beginning with flight day (FD) 14 and every 30 days thereafter. The PFE is also conducted 5 and 30 days following flight. Using PFE data, aerobic fitness is estimated by quantifying the VO2 vs. HR relationship using linear regression and calculating the VO2 that would occur at the crewmember s previously measured HRpk. Currently, for data collected during flight, this technique assumes that the pre- vs. in-flight oxygen consumption per given cycle workload is similar. However, the validity of this assumption is based upon a sparse amount of data collected during the Skylab era (Michel, et al. 1977). The method of using heart rate and cycle ergometer work rates has been used to estimate aerobic fitness in normal gravity (Astrand and Ryhming, 1954; Lee, 1993). Due to spaceflight induced physiological alterations, such as shifts in extracellular fluid (e.g. plasma) volume, this method may not be valid during space flight. In addition, the ergometer onboard ISS is vibration-isolated and moves with the astronaut s application of force into the pedals. The effect of this movement on the VO2 of cycle exercise on ISS has not been quantified.
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- 2007
43. The Effect of Increasing Inertia upon Vertical Ground Reaction Forces during Locomotion
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DeWitt, John K, Hagan, R. Donald, and Cromwell, Ronita L
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Aerospace Medicine - Abstract
The addition of inertia to exercising astronauts could increase ground reaction forces and potentially provide a greater health benefit. However, conflicting results have been reported regarding the adaptations to additional mass (inertia) without additional net weight (gravitational force) during locomotion. We examined the effect of increasing inertia while maintaining net gravitational force on vertical ground reaction forces and kinematics during walking and running. Vertical ground reaction force was measured for ten healthy adults (5 male/5 female) during walking (1.34 m/s) and running (3.13 m/s) using a force-measuring treadmill. Subjects completed locomotion at normal weight and mass, and at 10, 20, 30, and 40% of added inertial force. The added gravitational force was relieved with overhead suspension, so that the net force between the subject and treadmill at rest remained equal to 100% body weight. Peak vertical impact forces and loading rates increased with increased inertia during walking, and decreased during running. As inertia increased, peak vertical propulsive forces decreased during walking and did not change during running. Stride time increased during walking and running, and contact time increased during running. Vertical ground reaction force production and adaptations in gait kinematics were different between walking and running. The increased inertial forces were utilized independently from gravitational forces by the motor control system when determining coordination strategies.
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- 2007
44. Comparison of the US and Russian Cycle Ergometers
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Norcross, Jason, Bentley, Jason R, Moore, Alan D, and Hagan, R. Donald
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Aerospace Medicine - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the U.S. and Russian cycle ergometers focusing on the mechanical differences of the devices and the physiological differences observed while using the devices. Methods: First, the mechanical loads provided by the U.S. Cycle Ergometer with Vibration Isolation System (CEVIS) and the Russian Veloergometer were measured using a calibration dynamometer. Results were compared and conversion equations were modeled to determine the actual load provided by each device. Second, ten male subjects (32.9 +/- 6.5 yrs, 180.6 +/- 4.4 cm; 81.9 +/- 6.9 kg) experienced with both cycling and exercise testing completed a standardized submaximal exercise test protocol on CEVIS and Veloergometer. The exercise protocol involved 8 sub-maximal workloads each lasting 3 minutes for a total of 24 minutes per session, or until the end of the stage when the subject reached 85% of peak oxygen consumption or age-predicted maximum heart rate (220 - age). The workload started at 50 Watts (W), increased to 100 W, and then increased 25 W every 3 minutes until reaching a peak workload of 250 W. Physiological variables were then compared at each workload by repeated measures ANOVA or paired t-tests (p<0.05). Results: While both CEVIS and Veloergometer produced significantly lower workloads than the displayed workload, CEVIS produced even lower loads than Veloergometer (p<0.05) at each indicated workload. Despite this fact, the only physiological variables that showed a significant difference between the ergometers were VE (125 - 250W), VO2 (175 and 250 W), and VCO2 (175 W). All other physiological data were not statistically different between CEVIS and Veloergometer. Conclusion: Although workloads were different between ergometers, relatively few physiological differences were observed. Therefore, CEVIS workloads of 87.5 - 262.5 W can be rounded to the nearest 25 W increment and performed on the Veloergometer.
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- 2007
45. The Effect of Manipulating Subject Mass on Lower Extremity Torque Patterns During Locomotion
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DeWitt, John K, Cromwell, Ronita L, and Hagan, R. Donald
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Aerospace Medicine - Abstract
During locomotion, humans adapt their motor patterns to maintain coordination despite changing conditions (Reisman et al., 2005). Bernstein (1967) proposed that in addition to the present state of a given joint, other factors, including limb inertia and velocity, must be taken into account to allow proper motion to occur. During locomotion with added mass counterbalanced using vertical suspension to maintain body weight, vertical ground reaction forces (GRF's) increase during walking but decrease during running, suggesting that adaptation may be velocity-specific (De Witt et al., 2006). It is not known, however, how lower extremity joint torques adapt to changes in inertial forces. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of increasing body mass while maintaining body weight upon lower-limb joint torque during walking and running. We hypothesized that adaptations in joint torque patterns would occur with the addition of body mass.
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- 2007
46. Noninvasive Sensor for Measuring Muscle Metabolism During Exercise
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Soller, B. R, Yang, Y, Lee, S. M. C, Soyemi, O. O, Wilson, C, and Hagan, R. D
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Aerospace Medicine - Abstract
The measurement of oxygen uptake (VO2) and lactate threshold (LT) are utilized to assess changes in aerobic capacity and the efficacy of exercise countermeasures in astronauts. During extravehicular activity (EVA), real-time knowledge of VO2 and relative work intensity can be used to monitor crew activity levels and organize tasks to reduce the cumulative effects of fatigue. Currently VO2 and LT are determined with complicated measurement techniques that require sampling of expired ventilatory gases, which may not be accurate in enclosed, oxygen-rich environments such as the EVA suit. The UMMS team has developed a novel near infrared spectroscopic (NIRS) system which noninvasively, simultaneously and continuously measures muscle oxygen tension, oxygen saturation, pH (pHm), and hematocrit from a small sensor placed on the leg. This system is unique in that it allows accurate, absolute measurement of these parameters in the thigh muscle by correcting spectra for the interference from skin pigment and fat. These parameters can be used to estimate VO2 and LT. A preliminary evaluation of the system s capabilities was performed in the NASA JSC Exercise Physiology Lab.
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- 2007
47. Determinants of Time to Fatigue during Non-Motorized Treadmill Exercise
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DeWitt, John K, Lee, M. C, Wilson, Cassie A, and Hagan, R. Donald
- Subjects
Life Sciences (General) - Abstract
Treadmill exercise is commonly used for aerobic and anaerobic conditioning. During non-motorized treadmill exercise, the subject must provide the power necessary to drive the treadmill belt. The purpose of this study was to determine what factors affected the time to fatigue on a pair of non-motorized treadmills. Twenty subjects (10 males/10 females) attempted to complete five minutes of locomotion during separate trials at 3.22, 4.83, 6.44, 8.05, 9.66, and 11.27 km (raised dot) h(sup -1). Total exercise time (less than or equal to 5 min) was recorded. Exercise time was converted to the amount of 15 second intervals completed. Peak oxygen uptake (VO2) was measured using a graded exercise test on a standard treadmill, and anthropometric measures were collected from each subject before entering into the study. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to determine significant predictive factors in a multivariate analysis. Non-motorized treadmill speed and absolute peak VO2 were found to be significant predictors of exercise time, but there was no effect of anthropometric characteristics. Gender was found to be a predictor of treadmill time, but this was likely due to a higher peak VO2 in males than in females. These results were not affected by the type of treadmill tested in this study. Coaches and therapists should consider the cardiovascular fitness of an athlete or client when prescribing target speed since these factors are related to the total exercise time than can be achieved on a non-motorized treadmill.
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- 2007
48. Interactions between 5-HT3 receptors and cerebral dopamine function: implications for the treatment of schizophrenia and psychoactive substance abuse
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Hagan, R. M., Kilpatrick, G. J., and Tyers, M. B.
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- 1993
- Full Text
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49. Comparison Of Interstitial Fluid Ph, Pco2, Po2 With Venous Blood Values During Repetitive Handgrip Exercise: 2002 Board #141 2:00 PM – 3:30 PM
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Soller, Babs R., Shear, Michael, Walz, Matthias, Landry, Michelle, Heard, Stephen, and Hagan, R. Donald
- Published
- 2005
50. Physiologic Responses to Motorized and Non-Motorized Locomotion Utilizing the International Space Station Treadmill
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Smith, Cassie, Lee, Stuart MC, Laughlin, Mitzi, Loehr, James, Norcross, Jason, DeWitt, John, and Hagan, R. D
- Subjects
Aerospace Medicine - Abstract
Treadmill locomotion is used onboard the International Space Station (ISS) as a countermeasure to the effects of prolonged weightlessness. The treadmill operates in two modes: motorized (T-M) and non-motorized (T-NM). Little is known about the potential physiologic differences between modes which may affect countermeasure exercise prescription. PURPOSE: To quantify heart rate (HR), oxygen consumption (VO2), perceived exertion (RPE), and blood lactate (BLa) during T-M and T-NM locomotion at 2 and 4 mph in normal ambulatory subjects. METHODS: Twenty subjects (10 men, 10 women; 31+/-5 yr, 172+/-10 cm, 68+/-13 kg, mean SD) with a treadmill peakVO2 of 45.5+/-5.4 ml/kg/min (mean+/-SD) exercised on the ground-based ISS treadmill. Following a familiarization session in each mode, subjects completed two data collection sessions, T-M and T-NM in random order, at 2 and 4 mph. Subjects attempted to complete 5 min of exercise at each speed; if they could not maintain the speed, the trial was discontinued. At least 5 minutes of rest separated each speed trial, and at least 48 hrs separated each session. VO2 was measured continuously (metabolic gas analysis), while HR (HR monitor) and RPE (Borg Chart, 6-20 scale) were recorded each min. Not all subjects completed 5 min during each condition, therefore the mean of the min 3 and 4 was taken as representative of steady-state. BLa was measured (finger stick) within 2 min post-exercise. Paired t-tests were used to test for differences (p<0.05) between treadmill modes within the same speed. RESULTS: All twenty subjects completed at least 4 min of exercise during all conditions, except T-NM 4 mph when only 11 subjects completed the minimum exercise duration. VO2, HR, RPE and BLa were significantly higher during T-NM locomotion at both speeds.
- Published
- 2006
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