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In this paper, we mathematically investigate a downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system for short-packet communications (SPC) in which the near users are used as full-duplex (FD) relays to forward intended signals from the source to a far user. In addition, partial relay selection is employed to enhance the performance of the FD relays under the impact of imperfect interference cancellation. At the far user, selection combining (SC) or maximal ratio combining (MRC) is employed to combine the signals received from the source and the selected FD relay. The analytical expressions for the average block error rate (BLER) of two users over flat Rayleigh fading channels are derived. Furthermore, closed-form asymptotic expressions of the average BLERs at the near and far users in high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regimes are obtained. The numerical results show that the analytical BLERs of the near user and far user closely match the simulation results.

This paper evaluates outage probability (OP) and intercept probability (IP) of physical-layer security based MIMO networks adopting cooperative jamming (Coop-Jam). In the considered scenario, a multi-antenna source communicates with a multi-antenna destination employing transmit antenna selection (TAS)/ selection combining (SC), in presence of a multi-antenna eavesdropper using SC. One of jammers appearing near the destination is selected for generating jamming noises on the eavesdropper. Moreover, the destination supports the wireless energy for the chosen jammer, and cooperates with it to remove the jamming noises. We consider two jammer selection approaches, named RAND and SHORT. In RAND, the destination randomly selects the jammer, and in SHORT, the jammer, which is nearest to the destination, is chosen. We derive exact and asymptotic expressions of OP and IP over Rayleigh fading, and perform Monte-Carlo simulations to verify the correction of our derivation. The results present advantages of the proposed RAND and SHORT methods, as compared with the corresponding one without using Coop-Jam.

Phishing is an attack method that relies on a user's insufficient vigilance and understanding of the internet. For example, an attacker creates an online transaction website and tricks users into logging into the fake website to steal their personal information, such as credit card numbers, email addresses, phone numbers, and physical addresses. This paper proposes implementing an extension to prevent phishing for internet users. In particular, this study develops a smart warning feature for the proposed extension using deep learning models. The proposed extension installed in the web browser protects users by checking for, warning about, and preventing untrusted connections. This study evaluated and compared the performance of machine learning models using a malicious uniform resource locator (URL) dataset containing 651,191 data samples. The results of the investigation confirm that the proposed extension using a convolutional neural network (CNN) achieved a high accuracy of 98.4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper measures end-to-end (e2e) throughput of power beacon-assisted multi-hop decode-and-forward (DF) relaying scheme adopting non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and transmit antenna selection (TAS)/selection combining (SC). Particularly, TAS/SC and NOMA are adopted at each hop to relay different data of a source to multiple destinations. Moreover, the transmitters including source and relays have to harvest wireless energy from radio frequency (RF) signals from a power beacon. We also propose a simple and efficient power allocation method for the signals transmitted at each hop. For performance measurement and comparison, we provide closed-form formulas of the e2e throughput over Rayleigh fading channel. We then verify our derivations by computer simulations as well as compare the e2e throughput performance between our scheme and the corresponding one that does not use NOMA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the joint impact of simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) and nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) to the cooperative relay (CoR) network where direct links exist. Over Nakagami-m fading environments, the near users employ decode-and-forward (DF) and energy harvesting (EH) to assist the transmission from the source to the far users. Exploiting the time-switching protocol (TSP) and power-splitting protocol (PSP) to the CoR-based NOMA system, analytical results for the outage probability are derived, and the corresponding throughput is obtained. Comparative results show that the PSP outperforms the TSP at low transmit power, while at high-transmit-power regime, the TSP provides similar performance as the PSP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless power transfer is considered as a novel solution for energy harvesting in wireless communication networks. In this paper, the system performance of the non-linear energy harvesting based power splitting relaying in the full-duplex relaying sensor network is investigated. We considered the system model network with one source, one destination, and one relay node in both the amplify-and-forward and decode-and-forward modes. The closed-form expressions of the system outage (OP) are analysed and derived for verifying system performance. Then, the correctness of the OP closed-form expression is verified by using the Monte Carlo simulation. Furthermore, the influence of the primary system parameters on the system OP is suggested and investigated. The research results indicated that the simulation curves and the analytical curves overlapped, verifying the correctness of the analytical expressions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, mobile robot exploration needs a rangefinder to obtain a large number of measurement points to achieve a detailed and precise description of a surrounding area and objects, which is called the point cloud. However, a single point cloud scan does not cover the whole area, so multiple point cloud scans must be acquired and compared together to find the right matching between them in a process called registration method. This method requires further processing and places high demands on memory consumption, especially for small embedded devices in mobile robots. This paper describes a novel method to reduce the burden of processing for multiple point cloud scans. We introduce our approach to preprocess an input point cloud in order to detect planar surfaces, simplify space description, fill gaps in point clouds, and get important space features. All of these processes are achieved by applying advanced image processing methods in combination with the quantization of physical space points. The results show the reliability of our approach to detect close parallel walls with suitable parameter settings. More importantly, planar surface detection shows a 99% decrease in necessary descriptive points almost in all cases. This proposed approach is verified on the real indoor point clouds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce a half-duplex (HD) energy harvesting (EH) relay network over the different fading environment with the effect of hardware impairment (HI). The model system was investigated with the amplify-and-forward (AF) and the power splitting (PS) protocols. The system performance analysis in term of the outage probability (OP), achievable throughput (AT), and bit error rate (BER) were demonstrated with the closed-form expressions. In addition, the power splitting (PS) factor was investigated. We verified the analytical analysis by Monte Carlo simulation with all primary parameters. From the results, we can state that the analytical and simulation results match well with each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The energy harvesting amplify-and-forward full-duplex relaying network over the dissimilar fading environments in imperfect CSI condition is investigated. In this system model, the energy, and information are transferred from the source to the relay nodes by the power splitting protocol with helping of the full-duplex relay node. Firstly, the outage probability, achievable throughput, and the optimal power splitting factor in terms of the analytical mathematical expressions were proposed, analyzed, and demonstrated. Furthermore, the system performance of the proposed model on the connection with all system parameters is rigorously studied. Finally, the numerical results demonstrated and convinced one that the analytical and the simulation results are matched well with each other for all system parameter values using Monte-Carlo simulation. The results show that the system performance degrades significantly but is still in a permissible interval while the channel estimation error increases and the system performance of the mixing scenarios is better in comparison with the Rayleigh-Rayleigh scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We give a very simple proof of a result by Dafni that states that the weak*-convergence is true in the local Hardy space h1(ℝd). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the system performance of a hybrid time–power splitting relaying (TPSR) two-way half-duplex (HD) relaying network over a Rayleigh fading channel is investigated in terms of the outage probability (OP) and intercept probability (IP). The proposed model has two sources, A and B, which communicate with each other with the help of an intermediate relay (R) under the presence of an eavesdropper (E). The physical layer security (PLS) was considered in this case. Firstly, we derived the closed-form expressions of the exact and asymptotic IP in two cases, using MRC (maximal ratio combining) and SC (selection combining) techniques. The closed-form expressions of the system OP was then analyzed and derived. All the analytical expressions of the OP and IP of the system model were verified by a Monte Carlo simulation in connection with all the main system parameters. In the research results, the analytical and simulation values were in total agreement, demonstrating the correctness of the system performance analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Security performance and the impact of imperfect channel state information (CSI) in underlay cooperative cognitive networks (UCCN) is investigated in this paper. In the proposed scheme, relay R uses non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technology to transfer messages e 1 , e 2 from the source node S to User 1 (U1) and User 2 (U2), respectively. An eavesdropper (E) is also proposed to wiretap the messages of U1 and U2. The transmission's security performance in the proposed system was analyzed and performed over Rayleigh fading channels. Through numerical analysis, the results showed that the proposed system's secrecy performance became more efficient when the eavesdropper node E was farther away from the source node S and the intermediate cooperative relay R. The secrecy performance of U1 was also compared to the secrecy performance of U2. Finally, the simulation results matched the Monte Carlo simulations well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, we proposed and investigated the physical layer system called the full-duplex (FD) power beacon-assisted (PB) energy harvesting (EH) relaying cooperative network. The system model has one PB node, one destination (D), one source (S), and one relay (R) node. We investigated the system performance in terms of outage probability (OP) and system throughput (ST) with the power-splitting (PS) protocol in both delay-tolerant (DTT) and delay-limited (DLT) transmission modes. Moreover, the optimal power splitting (PS) factor in both DDT and DLT modes is proposed and derived. Finally, the mathematical closed-form expressions of the OP and ST are derived by using the Monte Carlo simulation with the help of MATLAB software. From the results, it can be observed that the analytical values and simulation values are the same in the effect of the main system parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this time, energy efficiency (EE), measured in bits per Watt, has been considered as an important emerging metric in energy-constrained wireless communication networks because of their energy shortage. In this paper, we investigate power beacon assisted (PB) energy harvesting (EH) in half-duplex (HD) communication network under co-channel Interferer over Rayleigh fading environment. In this work, we investigate the model system with the time switching (TS) protocol. Firstly, the exact and asymptotic form expressions of the outage probability (OP) are analyzed and derived. Then the system EE is investigated and the influence of the primary system parameters on the system performance. Finally, we verify the correctness of the analytical expressions using Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, we can state that the simulation and analytical results are the same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the system performance analysis of cooperative networks with power splitting protocol-based energy harvesting (EH) over Nakagami-m/Rayleigh channels is proposed. The exact-form expressions of the outage probability (OP) and ergodic capacity (EC) is demonstrated and derived. Using the proposed probabilistic models for wireless channels, we derive OP and EC as a research result. Finally, we conduct Monte Carlo simulations to verify a system performance analysis of the proposed system. The research results demonstrate the effectiveness of EH in the network over Nakagami-m/Rayleigh channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy harvesting and information transferring simultaneously by radio frequency (RF) is considered as the novel solution for green-energy wireless communications. From that point of view, the system performance (SP) analysis of multisource power splitting (PS) energy harvesting (EH) relaying network (RN) over block Rayleigh-fading channels is presented and investigated. We investigate the system in both delay-tolerant transmission (DTT), and delay-limited transmission (DLT) modes and devices work in the half-duplex (HD) system. In this model system, the closed-form (CF) expressions for the outage probability (OP), system throughput (ST) in DLT mode and for ergodic capacity (EC) for DTT mode are analyzed and derived, respectively. Furthermore, CF expression for the symbol errors ratio (SER) is demonstrated. Then, the optimal PS factor is investigated. Finally, a Monte Carlo simulation is used for validating the analytical expressions concerning with all system parameters (SP). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, we investigate a hybrid time-switching relay (TSR)–power-splitting relay (PSR) alternate energy harvesting (EH) relaying network over the Rician fading channels. For this purpose, the amplify-and-forward (AF) mode is considered for the alternative hybrid time TSR–PSR. The system model consists of one source, one destination and two alternative relays for signal transmission from the source to the destination. In the first step, the exact and asymptotic expressions of the outage probability and the symbol errors ratio (SER) are derived. Then, the influence of all system parameters on the system performance is investigated, and the Monte Carlo simulation verifies all results. Finally, the system performances of TSR–PSR, TSR, and PSR cases are compared in connection with all system parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, we investigate a hybrid time-switching relay (TSR)⁻power-splitting relay (PSR) alternate energy harvesting (EH) relaying network over the Rician fading channels. For this purpose, the amplify-and-forward (AF) mode is considered for the alternative hybrid time TSR⁻PSR. The system model consists of one source, one destination and two alternative relays for signal transmission from the source to the destination. In the first step, the exact and asymptotic expressions of the outage probability and the symbol errors ratio (SER) are derived. Then, the influence of all system parameters on the system performance is investigated, and the Monte Carlo simulation verifies all results. Finally, the system performances of TSR⁻PSR, TSR, and PSR cases are compared in connection with all system parameters.