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Background: Hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) therapy can improve locomotor dysfunction following spinal cord injury (SCI). Emerging evidence has demonstrated that sirtuin1 (SIRT1) exerts protective effects on neurons. However, whether HBO alleviates locomotor dysfunction by regulating SIRT1 is unclear. Methods: The traumatic SCI animal model was performed on the adult Sprague-Dawley rats. The Basso, Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale was used to evaluate the open-field locomotor function. Western blot, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, SIRT1 activity assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to explore the molecular mechanisms. Results: We found that series HBO therapy significantly improved locomotor dysfunction and ameliorated the decreased mRNA, protein, and activity of spinal cord SIRT1 induced by traumatic SCI injury in rats. In addition, intraperitoneal injection of SIRT1 inhibitor EX-527 abolished the beneficial effects of series HBO treatment on locomotor deficits. Importantly, series HBO treatment following the traumatic SCI injury inhibited the inflammatory cascade and apoptosis-related protein, which was retained by EX-527 and enhanced by SRT1720. Furthermore, EX-527 blocked the enhanced induction of autophagy series with the HBO application. Conclusion: These findings demonstrated a new mechanism for series HBO therapy involving activation of SIRT1 and subsequent modulation of the inflammatory cascade, apoptosis, and autophagy, which contributed to the recovery of motor dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy has emerged as a potential treatment, shown to enhance blood flow and angiogenesis. However, specific effects and mechanisms of HBO on limb ischaemia responding to a hypoxic environment remain largely unknown. We aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of HBO in the treatment of limb ischaemia. Following limb ischaemia surgery, we evaluated the angiogenic capacity in wild‐type C57BL/6J mice subjected to HBO treatment (100% oxygen at 3 ATA for 1 h/day for five consecutive days) compared to untreated controls. Notably, through laser Doppler perfusion imaging and CD31 staining mice receiving HBO postlimb ischaemia surgery exhibited significantly enhanced angiogenic capability and reduced ROS expression compared to nontreated counterparts. Additionally, in vitro experiments were conducted to investigate whether HBO could mitigate endothelial cell dysfunction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production triggered by oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD). HBO treatment rescued the impaired proliferation, migration and tube formation of endothelial cells following OGD. Mechanistically, HBO upregulated the expression of proangiogenic proteins, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), haem oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 (HIF‐1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2). Collectively, HBO treatment shows promise in augmenting the endogenous angiogenic potential and suppressing ROS levels in limb ischaemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Delayed cerebral vasospasm (CVS) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a serious complication. This article aimed to explore the mechanism of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) inhibiting delayed CVS after SAH. The 60 SD rats were grouped: normal control group (NC), sham operation group (Sham), SAH Model (Model), and HBO treatment group. The SAH model was established by injecting blood twice into the cisterna magna (CM), and the neurological function of the rats were evaluated by modified Garcia scale. The plasma of the rats was collected at 1, 3, 6, and 9 days after HBO treatment. Plasma levels of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway-related proteins were detected by Western blot (WB). TUNEL method was used to observe the apoptosis rate of basilar artery (BA) endothelial cells (ECs). Hematoxylin–eosin staining (HE) staining was used to observe the inner diameter and the thickness of vessel wall of rat cerebral arteries. The relationship between mTOR and middle cerebral artery spasm was analyzed. As against the Model, the neurological function was visibly increased, the expressions of Bcl-2, PI3K, mTOR, and p-Akt/Akt protein in plasma were visibly increased, the expression of Bax protein was visibly decreased, and the degree of CVS was visibly reduced in the HBO group (all P < 0.05). The level of mTOR is negatively correlated with the degree of CVS after SAH, and HBO can inhibit the occurrence of delayed CVS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is utilized as an adjunctive treatment for human and veterinary patients with compromised tissues. Medical records from two veterinary hospitals with HBOT chambers were searched for small animal veterinary dentistry and oral surgery specialty patients. The HBOT records were combined with the medical records from the referring specialty veterinary dentistry and oral surgery services. Clinical indications for HBOT treatments associated with a positive outcome in this case series included resistant bacterial infections, electrical cord injury, bite wound injuries, osteomyelitis, crush/traumatic injuries including mandibular fractures, oral surgery performed at previously irradiated sites, and osteonecrosis, presumably radiation induced. Conditions within this case series that remained unchanged or were associated with partial improvement included preoperative treatment of stomatitis without steroid usage and delayed HBOT treatment for long-term endodontic health of laterally luxated immature permanent mandibular incisors. Eighty-eight percent of the HBOT sessions were tolerated well by the patients in this case series. The most common adverse event was mild anxiety. One patient required oral anxiolytic medications to complete the course of treatment. One patient experienced transient seizure activity and was able to complete that session as well as subsequent sessions at a lower chamber pressure. Future prospective studies are necessary to further evaluate and characterize the potential benefits of HBOT as well as to clarify optimal treatment protocols for specific conditions in veterinary dentistry and oral surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have been increasingly developed and applied in the audiovisual sector. Over-the-top (OTT) services, directly distributed to viewers via the Internet, are associated with a shift towards automation through algorithmic mediation in audiovisual content led by digital platforms. However, scientific knowledge regarding algorithmic recommender systems and automation in OTT services is not yet systemized; researchers, practitioners, and the public thus lack full awareness about the still largely opaque phenomena. To address this gap, we conduct a systematic literature review in the communication domain (2010–2022) and answer four key research questions: What research objectives have been pursued? What concepts have been developed and/or applied? What methodologies have been privileged? Which OTT platforms have received the most research attention? Challenges and opportunities are highlighted, and an agenda for future research is advanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2001, HBO and the BBC released Conspiracy, a critically acclaimed dramatization of the Wannsee Conference, where Nazi officials discussed coordinating the Final Solution in January 1942. Written by Loring Mandel, Conspiracy is noted for its strict adherence to the historical record as well as its chamber play atmosphere. However, HBO originally planned Conspiracy as the first half of a two-part feature. Its unproduced second half, Complicity, would have depicted Allied indifference to the Holocaust, the plight of Jewish refugees, and the rise of Adolf Eichmann. This article discusses the origins, pre-production history, and cancellation of Complicity. Grounded in archival documents – screenplay drafts, meeting minutes, research files, as well as oral history interviews, this presentation will trace Complicity's beginnings as a story about Jewish efforts to inform the UK and US governments about the Holocaust and its transition to a dramatization of the April 1943 Bermuda Conference, which is most notable for its failure to meaningfully address the 1940s refugee crisis. Complicity is a fascinating example of 'shadow quality TV'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Actuele ontwikkelingen maken dat er vanuit verschillende gremia hernieuwde aandacht is voor kansenongelijkheid tussen regio’s in Nederland. Het advies Elke regio telt (2023) vormde hier een belangrijke aanzet toe. Echter, een inventarisatie van de focus bij het onderzoek en het onderwijs aan hogescholen binnen het sociaal-ruimtelijke domein laat zien dat er (nog) weinig expliciete aandacht is voor het platteland en haar bewoners. Netwerken, curriculaonderdelen en lectoraatsgroepen richten zich grotendeels op steden en wijken. In dit opiniërend artikel pleiten wij, gezien de stapeling van vraagstukken waarmee plattelandsregio’s en de gemeenschappen te maken krijgen voor meer aandacht voor het platteland vanuit de hbo’s. Gezien de (on)mogelijkheden van lokale dorpsgemeenschappen om hier een bepalende, lange termijn rol in te spelen, is er ook vanuit deze invalshoek meer aandacht nodig van (toekomstige) sociaal werkers en daarmee opleidingen Social Work en aanverwant praktijkonderzoek.

This introduction to the "Rape, Genre, and TV after #MeToo" special issue articulates the importance of genre for understanding shifting affective and political norms related to sexual violence. Recent TV from the U.S. and the U.K. has worked to expand the public's understanding of what counts in the genre of rape, bringing into view less discussed harms like nonconsensual condom removal. At the same time, public discussions of rape have put pressure on the conventions of genres, including the genres explored in this special issue: the procedural, stand-up comedy, the Western, and the situation comedy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study centers on the problem of transposition of historical reality into the artistic form. Using the example of HBO Europe's Czech six-part drama Bez vědomí (The Sleepers, 2019), I would like to discuss how the transnational co-production, the effort to attract international audiences, and the selected genre influenced the portrayal of the past. In the context of Czech audiovisual production, the series represents a rather exceptional example. First, it reflects on the period around the Velvet Revolution, which has not been the focus of many Czech films or TV series. It is set in late 1980s Prague, and captures the time of political and societal changes that resulted in the collapse of the communist regime. Secondly, the series uses the spy genre, which is also unique in local production. Drawing from film and TV studies and from memory studies, I will explore the concept of transnational memory in relation to HBO's original production. In particular, however, I would like to focus on the formative role of the genre and argue that the choice of the genre in itself contributes to challenging the prevailing narratives and already established interpretations of the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain cancer with a poor prognosis despite current treatments. This is partially attributed to the immunosuppressive environment facilitated by tumor-associated macrophages, which predominantly underlie the tumor-promoting M2 phenotype. This study investigated the potential of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy, traditionally used to treat conditions such as decompression sickness, in modulating the macrophage phenotype toward the tumoricidal M1 state and disrupting the supportive tumor microenvironment. HBO has direct antiproliferative effects on tumor cells and reduces hypoxia, which may impair angiogenesis and tumor growth. This offers a novel approach to GBM treatment by targeting the role of the immune system within the tumor microenvironment. The effects of HBO on macrophage polarization and GBM cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated in this study. We detected that HBO promoted M1 macrophage cytokine expression while decreasing GBM cell viability and increasing apoptosis using GBM cell lines and THP-1-derived macrophage-conditioned media. These findings suggest that HBO therapy can shift macrophage polarization toward a tumoricidal M1 state. This can improve GBM cell survival and offers a potential therapeutic strategy. In conclusion, HBO can shift macrophages from a tumor-promoting M2 phenotype to a tumoricidal M1 phenotype in GBM. This can facilitate apoptosis and, in turn, improve treatment outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lupus nephritis (LN) is the main cause of morbidity and death due to the most severe complications of the kidney organ in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Immunosuppressive drugs are needed to control this disease, but currently available immunosuppressive drugs do not provide optimal results. This research used 21 Mus Musculus BALB/c mice, female, body weight 25 – 30 grams, 8-12 weeks old, healthy and active, divided into 3 groups. The group of normal mice (G1) was the negative control group, the group of lupus nephritis mice without Hyperbaric Oxygen (HBO) therapy (G2) was the positive control group and the group of lupus nephritis mice with HBO therapy (G3) was the treatment group. The results showed a significant reduction in anti-dsDNA Ab levels p = 0.002 (p [ J Adv Biotechnol Exp Ther 2024; 7(2.000): 385-395]

Solar photovoltaic energy is the potential energy in the universe for generating electricity and meeting the required load demand. However, on account of partial shading conditions, the difficult task in the PV system is to track global maxima instead of local maxima and maintain the uninterrupted power supply. To solve this problem, a new metaheuristic algorithm is introduced in this paper such as a heap-based optimizer (HBO). The proposed method is developed in MATLAB/Simulink software. The system is examined under distinct irradiation conditions and compared their performance with other methods. The simulation results reveal that the suggested HBO shows a reliable enhancement as compared to other studied methods with regard to tracking maximum power, convergence time, and settling time. The extracted power efficiencies are 99.85% for case 1, 99.96% for case 2, and 99.92% for case 3. It is found that HBO shows better enrichment than other studied methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through her programmes, including Big Little Lies (2017–2019), The Morning Show (2019–), and Little Fires Everywhere (2020), Reese Witherspoon has been central to the recent rise of women-centric television. Witherspoon's media company, Hello Sunshine, and her book club, Reese's Book Club, aim to 'shine a light' on women's work, vocalising an explicitly feminist approach to authorship and adaptation. Identifying Witherspoon's politics as a form of popular feminism, this article uses Big Little Lies (BLL) as a case study to investigate the various strategies Witherspoon and Hello Sunshine deploy to articulate this feminism. Identifying sisterhood as a key strategy, this article points to the limits of popular feminism by revealing who is excluded from this female collective: director Andrea Arnold, whose creative control was allegedly undermined when directing BLL's second season; and BLL's Black female characters, who are narratively excluded from this construction. This article, then, calls for feminist critics to be attentive to the selective and exclusionary nature of popular feminism in television as it obscures the material conditions of women working in television production roles and the sexist and racist structures governing women's representations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: Esta investigación desvela las construcciones sociales representadas en la serie Hung que forjan una mirada crítica de las estructuras cotidianas y suponen una ruptura con la pauta vital impuesta por la mayoría de las producciones audiovisuales de ficción seriada. Metodología: Este trabajo plantea, a través de un análisis del discurso, un estudio sobre los indicadores de calidad de una serie de ficción que ofrece una nueva visión sobre el fracaso del sueño americano y que utiliza la crítica de la sociedad occidental como un vehículo narrativo. Resultados y Discusión: Hung es una la serie de televisión en la que permanecen latentes ciertos indicadores de calidad como la originalidad, un nuevo modo de contar la historia y un tono discursivo sustentado en la sexualidad y la prostitución. Conclusiones: Es por tanto la propuesta de un relato de calidad, constituido sobre la base de lo irreverente.

The article focuses on certain aspects of the cinematic and cultural references in the second season of HBO’s TV series The White Lotus. The author draws parallels between the classic works of Italian and Hollywood cinema and various themes of the series, its visual aspects and cast of characters. By comparing different approaches to characters and their arcs narratives the author describes various attempts to challenge the cultural clichés about Americans in Europe, but also stereotypes about Sicily and images of Italians in American cinema and television.

BackgroundThe World Health Organization defines long COVID as “the continuation or development of new symptoms 3 months after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, with these symptoms lasting for at least 2 months with no other explanation.” Estimations of approximately 50 million individuals suffer from long COVID, reporting low health-related quality of life. Patients develop ongoing persistent symptoms that continue for more than 12 weeks that are not explained by another alternative diagnosis. To date, no current therapeutics are effective in treating the underlying pathophysiology of long COVID.DiscussionA comprehensive literature search using PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted and all available articles from November 2021 to January 2024 containing keywords long covid and hyperbaric oxygen were reviewed. These published studies, including case series and randomized trials, demonstrate that utilizing Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBO) provided significant improvement in patients with long COVID.ConclusionA large cohort of patients suffer from long COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome after recovery from their acute infection with no effective treatment options. HBO is a safe treatment and may provide benefit for this population and should continue to be researched for adjunctive treatment of long COVID.

Retinitis pigmentosa is an inherited disease, in which mutations in different types of genes lead to the death of photoreceptors and the loss of visual function. Although retinitis pigmentosa is the most common type of inherited retinal dystrophy, a clear line of therapy has not yet been defined. In this review, we will focus on the therapeutic aspect and attempt to define the advantages and disadvantages of the protocols of different therapies. The role of some therapies, such as antioxidant agents or gene therapy, has been established for years now. Many clinical trials on different genes and mutations causing RP have been conducted, and the approval of voretigene nepavorec by the FDA has been an important step forward. Nonetheless, even if gene therapy is the most promising type of treatment for these patients, other innovative strategies, such as stem cell transplantation or hyperbaric oxygen therapy, have been shown to be safe and improve visual quality during clinical trials. The treatment of this disease remains a challenge, to which we hope to find a solution as soon as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain cancer with a poor prognosis despite current treatments. This is partially attributed to the immunosuppressive environment facilitated by tumor-associated macrophages, which predominantly underlie the tumor-promoting M2 phenotype. This study investigated the potential of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy, traditionally used to treat conditions such as decompression sickness, in modulating the macrophage phenotype toward the tumoricidal M1 state and disrupting the supportive tumor microenvironment. HBO has direct antiproliferative effects on tumor cells and reduces hypoxia, which may impair angiogenesis and tumor growth. This offers a novel approach to GBM treatment by targeting the role of the immune system within the tumor microenvironment. The effects of HBO on macrophage polarization and GBM cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated in this study. We detected that HBO promoted M1 macrophage cytokine expression while decreasing GBM cell viability and increasing apoptosis using GBM cell lines and THP-1-derived macrophage-conditioned media. These findings suggest that HBO therapy can shift macrophage polarization toward a tumoricidal M1 state. This can improve GBM cell survival and offers a potential therapeutic strategy. In conclusion, HBO can shift macrophages from a tumor-promoting M2 phenotype to a tumoricidal M1 phenotype in GBM. This can facilitate apoptosis and, in turn, improve treatment outcomes.

This study focuses on the HBO series Looking, whose two seasons and film make up a critical telecinematic artifact that reveals how authorial vision integrates ideologies on class, race, and desire that are identifiable in visual modes and language use—particularly multilingual dialogues. The analysis begins with the assumption that Looking is a relevant case of complex television and centers on the narrative structure of the series and the way that language, translation, and visual semiotic resources interact in the construction of a gay Latino character in the source version of the series and two Spanish dubbed versions—one for Latin America and the other for Spain. The findings reveal that Looking, as a televisual and aesthetic artifact, proposes a post-gay discourse of homoerotic relationships while also constructing racialized objects of desire, particularly the Latinx (male) body. A comparative linguistic analysis shows that both the dubbed versions highlight the boundaries of the so-called globalized gay identity. The data gathered demonstrate that the representation of ethnic, racial, and erotic difference changes according to the language system used. Moreover, new interactions between dubbed dialogues and visual resources result in a greater degree of semiotic layering of ideological discourses throughout the series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Los medios de comunicación desarrollan un papel clave en el guion de las series policiacas españolas. Para cuantificar la presencia del periodismo, se han seleccionado las series con policías y periodistas de los años 2020 y 2021 en Amazon Prime, Movistar, HBO y Netflix, mencionadas por orden cronológico de aparición. Esta investigación utiliza un método estructuralista inspirado en el libro Morfología del cuento (1928), del ruso Vladimir Propp, que extrajo 31 funciones o acciones irreductibles tras analizar cien cuentos tradicionales. Este trabajo se sostiene en la plantilla de elaboración propia Morfología del periodista en el cine, con 70 funciones. Diez series, con 81 capítulos en total, muestran cómo la aparición de la prensa es frecuente en el guion y desempeña una función decisiva.

Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy involves breathing pure oxygen or a high oxygen concentration above atmospheric (ATM) pressure in an enclosed chamber. Studies on pathological scars have demonstrated that HBO can inhibit the formation of pathological scars. To evaluate the efficacy of HBO in the treatment of pathological scars via meta-analysis. Searches were run on various databases, including the Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI databases. A comparative study was conducted on patients with pathological scars treated with or without HBO. We used RevMan 5.4 software to determine the recurrence rate, treatment satisfaction, and Vancouver Scar Scale(VSS) score in the pathological scar. A total of 543 publications were identified; after screening, four were selected for review, including one randomized controlled trial (RCT), one controlled clinical trial (CCT), and two retrospective cohort studies. Meta-analysis results showed that HBO treatment reduced the pathological scar recurrence rate after surgery and radiotherapy (OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.13–0.52, p = 0.0001). Patients had higher satisfaction after HBO therapy (OR = 4.45, 95% CI: 1.49–13.30, p = 0.007). The Vancouver scar scale (VSS) score of patients with pathological scars was significantly improved in the HBO group (SMD: −3.82, 95% CI: −6.07to −0.49, p = 0.02). HBO treatment decreased the recurrence rate of pathological scars after surgery and radiotherapy, increased patient satisfaction, and reduced the VSS score, thus providing a new way to treat pathological scar hyperplasia. However, evaluation of the longer-term effects of HBO treatment requires further comprehensive studies, including more RCTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bladder cancer has a high rate of recurrence and drug resistance due to the lack of effective therapies. IR-780 iodide, a near-infrared (NIR) mitochondria-targeting fluorescent agent, has been demonstrated to achieve higher selectivity than other drugs in different tumor types and exhibited tumor-killing effects in some cancers. However, this therapeutic strategy is rarely studied in bladder cancer. Material and methods: The accumulation of IR-780 in bladder cancer was measured by NIR imaging. Human bladder cell lines (T24, 5637, and TCCSUP) were treated with IR-780 or combined IR-780 and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO). Cell viability, cell apoptosis, cellular ATP production, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), and plasma membrane potential were detected. Mitochondrial complex I protein NDUFS1 was measured by western blot. To confirm the anti-tumor efficacy of IR-780 + HBO, mouse bladder cell line (MB49) tumor-bearing mice were established and tumor size and weight were recorded. Besides, cell apoptosis and tumor size were assessed in drug-resistant bladder cancer cells (T24/DDP) and xenografts to evaluate the effect of IR-780 + HBO on drug-resistant bladder cancer. Results: IR-780 selectively accumulated in bladder cancer (bladder cancer cells, transplanted tumors, and bladder cancer tissue from patients) and could induce cancer cell apoptosis by targeting the mitochondrial complex I protein NDUFS1. The combination with HBO could significantly enhance the anti-tumor effect of IR-780 in vitro by promoting cancer cell uptake and inducing excessive mitochondrial ROS production, while suppressing tumor growth and recurrence in animal models without causing apparent toxicity. Moreover, this combination antitumor strategy was also demonstrated in drug-resistant bladder cancer cells (T24/DDP) and xenografts. Conclusion: We identified for the first time a combination of IR-780 and HBO (IR-780 + HBO), which exhibits mitochondria-targeting and therapeutic capabilities, as a novel treatment paradigm for bladder cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background A novel RNA coronavirus was identified in January 2020 as the cause of a pneumonia epidemic affecting the city of Wuhan; it rapidly spread across China. Aim of the review The aim is to discuss the potential efficacy of some pharmacologically known pharmacological antidotes (N-acetylcysteine; hyperbaric oxygen; deferoxamine; low-dose naloxone) for the management of COVID-19-associated symptoms and complications. Method An extensive search was accomplished in Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Central databases until the end of April, 2021. Four independent researchers completed the screening, and finally, the associated studies were involved. Conclusion The current proof hinders the experts for suggesting the proper pharmacological lines of treatment of COVID-19. Organizations, for example, WHO, should pursue more practical actions and design well-planned clinical trials so that their results may be used in the treatment of future outbreaks.

El éxito de una serie de televisión como The Wire (HBO, 2002-2008) se debe, en gran medida, a su complejo entramado narrativo. La riqueza narrativa de la serie se logra a través de estrategias narrativas determinadas por sus creadores: temática diferenciada, verosimilitud de hechos, influencia consciente de los géneros clásicos, exhaustiva labor de documentación y predominancia clara del desarrollo de los personajes sobre el avance de las tramas. Atender a las estrategias utilizadas en The Wire desde una perspectiva narrativa, nos permite, por tanto, comprender los nuevos caminos que se abren en el panorama audiovisual para el diseño narrativo de una serie dramática.