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Aim: The nutritional imbalances in pregnancy may lead to metabolic problems in newborns, which may cause obesity during childhood and later in life. It is aimed to determine the maternal levels of folate, vitamin B12 at birth and to investigate the correlation between neonatal anthropometric measurements, and metabolic indicators such as serum lipid profile and insulin resistance.Methods: A total of 102 mothers and newborns were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. The demographic, obstetric features, serum levels of vitamin B12, folate, glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, cholesterol, insulin, homocysteine, and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) were noted. For vitamin B12, levels, ≥191 ng/L were accepted as normal. The correlation between maternal levels of vitamin B12, folate, anthropometric measurements, and metabolic indicators of newborns were evaluated. Results: Body mass index (P=0.004), serum insulin levels (P=0.012), HOMA-IR (P=0.001), and homocysteine (P=0.001) were increased in neonates born from mothers with lower serum levels of vitamin B12. The maternal vitamin B12 levels were positively, strongly correlated with neonatal vitamin B12 levels (r=0.719, P

Brucellosis is a common zoonotic infection worldwide; it is caused by infection with the bacterial species Brucella and leads to severe diseases in humans and animals. In Turkey, this bacterial species has not been completely eradicated and is commonly found in animals (such as goats or sheep). Brucellosis can lead to various symptoms, affect multiple systems, and cause splenomegaly in the case of spleen involvement. In contrast to traumatic spleen ruptures, spontaneous spleen ruptures are rare and most commonly occur because of infectious causes. A 52-year-old man was treated at our infectious diseases clinic for Brucella endocarditis. Due to sudden abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and vertigo, the patient was evaluated by our team of doctors at the same clinic. The patient had widespread sensitivity in the abdominal region, as well as defense and rebound symptoms. Emergency abdominal tomography revealed a ruptured spleen and widespread hemorrhagic fluid in the abdomen. Exploration revealed multiple ruptures in the spleen capsule. The patient underwent splenectomy and did not experience any complications during the postoperative period. Spontaneous spleen rupture is a rare clinical condition that should be considered in patients who are hospitalized at internal medicine clinics for infectious, hematogenic, and metabolic causes, as well as in those who have sudden abdominal pain and hypovolemia.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, PCOS’lu ve sağlıklı kontrol grubu hastalarında, vücut kompozisyon parametreleri BIA (Biyoelektrik İmpedans Analizi) ile ölçülerek, metabolik, antropometrik ve hormonal parametrelerle karşılaştırılmıştır. Böylece, PCOS'un vücut kompozisyon parametreleri üzerindeki etkileri incelenerek, PCOS takip ve tedavisine daha iyi yön verebilmek hedeflenmiştir.Material and Method: Bu prospektif çalışmaya 23 obez olmayan PKOS hastası dahil edildi. PCOS tanısı Rotterdam Konsensus Konferansı'na göre konuldu. Antropometrik, metabolik ve hormonal parametreler ölçüldü. Vücut kompozisyonları BIA ile ölçüldü.Bulgular: Vücut kompozisyon parametreleri ile metabolik ve hormonal değerler arasındaki ilişki incelendiğinde anlamlı korelasyonlar tespit edildi. PCOS'lu kıllı kadınlarda AUC-insülin seviyeleri ile SHBG arasında negatif bir korelasyon varken serbest testosteron arasında anlamlı bir pozitif korelasyon bulundu. Serbest testosteron seviyesi artışı ile vücut yağ oranı arasında anlamlı negatif korelasyon varken, SHBG ile vücut yağ oranı arasında anlamlı pozitif korelasyon tespit edildi. DHEAS ile vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ) ve kalça çevresi arasında anlamlı negatif korelasyon bulundu. Vücut kompozisyonları ile antropometrik parametreler arasındaki ilişki incelendiğinde ise, PKOS'lu kadınlarda VKİ ile vücut yağ oranı, toplam vücut suyu ve bazal metabolik hız arasında anlamlı pozitif korelasyonlar bulundu.Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, PKOS’ lu hastalarda vücut kompozisyonları ile hormonal, metabolik ve antropometrik parametreler arasında önemli korelasyonlar bulundu. Bu bulgulara dayanarak, basit ve noninvaziv bir yöntem olan BIA’nın PCOS’lu hastaların poliklinik takiplerinde önemli bir yer alabileceği kanaatindeyiz., Aim: In this study, it was aimed to compare the body composition parameters measured by BIA(Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis) and the metabolic, anthropometric and hormonal parameters of the PCOS patients with the healthy control group and to examine the effect of PCOS on body composition parameters. It is aimed to give a better direction to PCOS follow-up and treatment. Material and Method: 23 non-obese PCOS patients were involved to this prospective study. PCOS diagnosis was made according to the Rotterdam Consensus. Antropometric, metabolic and hormonal parameters were measured. Body compositions were measured by BIA. Results: When the relationship between body composition parameters and metabolic and hormonal values were examined, significant correlations were found. There was a negative correlation between AUC-insulin levels and SHBG while a significant positive correlation between free testosterone in hirsute women with PCOS. There was a significant negative correlation between free testosterone level increase and body fat ratio while a significant positive correlation between SHBG and body fat ratio. There was a significant negative correlation between DHEAS and BMI and the hip circumference. When the relationship between body composition and antropometric parameters were examined, a significant positive correlation was found between BMI and body fat ratio, total body water and basal metabolic rate in women with PCOS.Conclusion: In this study, significant correlations were found between body compositions and hormonal, metabolic and anthropometric parameters in patients with PCOS. Based on these findings, we believe that BIA can play an important role in outpatient follow-up of patients with PCOS.

Introduction. Many patients who were diagnosed as polycystic ovary syndrome- (PCOS-) related acne were not capable of sustaining or beginning oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) due to pill scaring, contraindications of OCP use, migraine, or smoking. In this situation, oral isotretinoin treatment may become an important option for PCOS-related acne. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of isotretinoin treatment on PCOS patients who were complicated with severe cystic acne. Materials and Methods. This study consisted of 40 female patients diagnosed as PCOS complicated with severe cystic acne. These patients were not eligible candidates for OCP use due to migraine, thrombophilia, heavy smoking, or pill scare. To establish baseline values of hormone levels, on days 2–5 of the menstrual cycle, venous blood samples were obtained. Moreover Modified Ferriman-Gallwey (mFG) score, acne score (AS), follicle count, and bilateral ovarian volumes were evaluated both before and after isotretinoin treatment. Results. Isotretinoin treatment significantly decreased Ferriman-Gallwey score, free testosterone, insulin level, hemoglobin level, acne score, and ovarian volume. Increased triglyceride and cholesterol levels were detected after treatment. Conclusion. Isotretinoin treatment may have beneficial effects on free testosterone, insulin, acne score, and Ferriman-Gallwey score. Solely isotretinoin administration may supply adequate healing in PCOS patients’ symptoms complicated with severe cystic acne who is not eligible candidates for OCP use. This trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02855138.

Galectins are animal lectins that bind to surface glycoproteins expressed at the fetal-maternal interface. The aim of this prospective case-control study was to investigate the possible relationship between levels of maternal serum galectin-7 and threatened abortion (TA) and to determine whether serum galectin-7 had any prognostic value.This prospective study was conducted between August 2014 and February 2015. Included in the study were 31 consecutive pregnant women who were hospitalized for TA between 6 and 14 weeks of gestation and 33 healthy gestational age matched pregnant women without any symptoms of miscarriage. Serum galectin-7 levels were measured via ELISA.The mean serum galectin-7 levels of the two groups were not significantly different (31 TA patients: 2.84 ± 0.43 pg/mL, 33 controls: 2.785 ± 0.32 pg/mL, p = 0.543). Six pregnancies in the TA group resulted in abortion (19.4%).Serum galectin-7 was not useful for predicting prognosis in TA.

Objective: To evaluate the relation between nephrin levels and preeclampsia severity by comparing serum and urine levels of nephrin in the severe and mild groups according to severity of associated intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) development. Methods: A total of 150 patients who attended our ante-natal clinic (ANC) were included in this study. We had 5 groups; Group 1:30 patients with mild preeclampsia (MP) and normal fetal development (NFD), Group 2:30 patients with severe preeclampsia (SP) and NFD, Group 3: 30 patients with MP and IUGR, Group 4: 30 patients with SP and IUGR and Group 5: 30 volunteers who were normotensive and non-preeclamptic. We obtained both blood and urine samples for measuring nephrin levels. Results: Both serum and urine nephrin levels were significantly higher for the fourth group compared with all other groups (p

The use of food additives (FAs) in food production has become an indispensable part of food technology primarily in developed countries for the last 30 years. Today, we encounter with chemical or E coded names of FAs in the ingredients written on the packages of many food products; from take-home foods to frozen products and canned goods. Some of these products, which have been increasing in terms of usage and number each passing day, have detected genotoxic and carcinogenic effects with various toxicological test systems. Besides, some of these are emerged to play role in the formation of hyperactivity, allergy, neurodegenerative diseases, obesity, diabetes, reproduction and gastrointestinal system disorders. In this review, it is aimed to give information about food additives which have been determined to have genotoxic and carcinogenic effects and reported to cause other health risks with toxicological studies. Extended English abstract is in the end of PDF (TURKISH) file . Ozet Son 30 yildir gelismis ulkeler basta olmak uzere, gida uretiminde katki maddelerinin kullanimi gida teknolojisinin vazgecilmez bir parcasi olmustur. Gunumuzde, hazir gidalardan, dondurulmus urunlere ve konservelere kadar tukettigimiz bircok gida maddesinin ambalajlarindaki icindekiler kisminda gida katki maddelerinin kimyasal yada E kodlu isimleri ile karsi karsiya gelmekteyiz. Kullanimlari ve sayilari her gecen gun artan bu maddelerin bazilarinin genotoksik ve karsinojenik etkili oldugu cesitli toksikolojik test sistemleriyle belirlenmistir. Ayrica bazilarinin hiperaktivite, alerji, norodejeneratif hastaliklar, obezite, diyabet, ureme ve gastrointestinal sisteme iliskin bozukluklarin olusumunda rol oynadigi da ortaya cikmistir. Bu derlemede, toksikolojik calismalarla genotoksik, karsinojenik etkilere sahip oldugu ve diger saglik risklerine yol actigi belirlenen gida katki maddeleri hakkinda bilgi verilmesi amaclanmistir.

Acne vulgaris is one of the most common diseases of the youth. Systemic isotretinoin is the only drug which acts on all of the etiopathogenic mechanisms of acne. Isotretinoin has some well-known side effects. Besides these, there is a suspicion whether it affects fertility or not. Previously, we conducted a study about isotretinoin's effect on ovarian reserve which showed deteriorative reserve. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of systemic isotretinoin on female fertility.Of the 82 female patients who were enrolled in the first study, 79 patients were included in this study. Twelve months after the end of systemic isotretinoin treatment, patients were reevaluated by using the same parameters which include anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), ovarian volume (OV), antral follicle count (AFC), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, free testosterone and total testosterone.The changes in the mean AMH, OV and AFC were statistically significant between the sixth and eighteenth months (the end of systemic isotretinoin treatment and 12 months treatment free). The mean AMH, OV and AFC values at the beginning and at the 18th month were statistically similar.The deteriorative effects of systemic isotretinoin treatment on ovarian reserve, which can be accepted as an indicator of female fertility, diminish in time.

Objective: Menopause is a physiological life period that potentially affects various organs and systems. Therefore, a wide spectrum of signs and symptoms of eyes may be clinically observed in the postmenopausal period. Aim of the study : To evaluate the macular, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and choroidal thickness alterations by using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in postmenopausal women and compare with healthy reproductive-age women controls. Material and methods: The study population included a healthy reproductive-age control group (n = 72) and postmenopausal study group (n = 72). Retinal thickness parameters were measured by SD-OCT. Peripapillary RNFL thickness parameters, macular thickness and choroidal thickness were evaluated. Results : Superior inner macula, temporal inner macula, inferior inner macula, nasal inner macula, inferior outer macula and choroid thickness were significantly thinner in the postmenopausal study group than the healthy reproductive-age control group (p = 0.007, p = 0.037, p = 0.027, p = 0.006, p = 0.016, p < 0.001, respectively). After adjusting for age, only choroid thickness was significantly thinner in the postmenopausal study group than controls (p† = 0.005). Conclusions : This study revealed that choroidal thickness measured by SD-OCT was significantly thinner in postmenopausal women than healthy reproductive-age women. We can speculate that the decrease in choroidal thickness in postmenopausal women may indicate a reduced estrogen-dependent vasodilatory effect in ophthalmic artery secondary to menopausal estrogen deficiency.

Background/objective: Acne vulgaris is one of the most common diseases of the youth. Systemic isotretinoin is the only drug which acts on all of the etiopathogenic mechanisms of acne. Isotretinoin has some well-known side effects. Besides these, there is a suspicion whether it causes infertility or not. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of systemic isotretinoin on male fertility.Methods: Eighty one male patients, who were older than 18 years of age, and had severe or refractory acne vulgaris were included in the study. They were given a total dose of 120 mg/kg of systemic isotretinoin over a period of six months. Before and after the study, the spermiogram parameters of the patients were evaluated to show any possible effect on male fertility. The patients' total testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels were also evaluated.Results: All of the spermiogram parameters changed positively (p

Surgical abortion is one of the most frequently performed gynaecological procedures and its associated pain has always been a problem in gynaecology. Here we studied the analgesic efficacy of lidocaine spray and paracervical block (PCB) in patients undergoing first-trimester surgical abortion. A randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study was conducted on 108 women requesting pregnancy termination. The subjects were randomly assigned into four groups: Group 1 (PCB plus lidocaine spray) (n=27), Group 2 (PCB) (n=27), Group 3 (lidocaine spray) (n=27) and Group 4 (placebo) (n=27). Intra-procedural and post-procedural pain scores were measured with a standard visual analogue scale (VAS). The median VAS scores during procedure in placebo, lidocaine spray, PCB plus lidocaine spray and PCB groups were 8 (7-9), 5 (4-8), 4 (3-4) and 5 (3-5), respectively. The most effective method of pain relief during first-trimester abortion can be achieved through a combined use of PCB plus lidocaine spray. Therefore, lidocaine spray is a non-invasive complementary anaesthetic method versus traditional PCB for first-trimester surgical abortion.

Fear of pain during intrauterine device (IUD) insertion can be a barrier to widespread use of this safe and highly effective contraceptive method. Our objective was to determine the effectiveness of topical 10% lidocaine spray for pain control during IUD insertion.A total of 200 subjects with the request for IUD insertion were included in the study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: lidocaine spray (n=100) and placebo (n=100). The pain experienced during the procedure was measured immediately after insertion by a standard Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) administered by a separate researcher with maintenance of allocation concealment.The mean pain score during the procedure was 1.01±1.20 in the lidocaine spray group and 3.23±1.60 in the placebo spray group (p0.001). Lidocaine spray treatment significantly lowered the overall procedural pain score compared with placebo.Significant pain reduction during IUD insertion can be achieved by using 10% lidocaine spray alone. Lidocaine spray can be accepted as a non-invasive, easy to apply and more comfortable local anaesthetic method for IUD insertion.NCT02020551.

Office-based endometrial sampling is the most frequently performed gynaecological procedure. The procedure is usually associated with pain and discomfort. Several anaesthetic and analgesic techniques (e.g., non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, paracervical block, misoprostol and topical anaesthetics) are used for pain management during endometrial sampling. There is no comprehensive study using lidocaine in spray form; we sought to investigate the analgesic efficacy of 10% lidocaine spray in patients undergoing office-based endometrial biopsy. We conducted a prospective, randomised (lidocaine spray (n = 60) and placebo (n = 60), respectively), double-blind study. The mean pain score during procedure was 3.51 ± 1.51 in the lidocaine spray group and 5.11 ± 1.66 in the placebo group. Lidocaine spray treatment significantly lowered the pain scores compared with placebo (p < 0.001). Lidocaine spray can be accepted as a non-invasive, easy to apply and more comfortable anaesthetic method for office-based endometrial sampling.

Here we aimed to evaluate the incidence of obstetric anal sphincter injuries in spontaneous primigravid deliveries with mediolateral episiotomy beyond 36 gestational weeks. We performed a prospective, randomized controlled study including 201 primigravid women that delivered vaginally. Anal sphincter anatomy and integrity was evaluated before hospital discharge in all cases with transvaginal sonography (5–9 MHz) (Siemens Sonoline G50 and Voluson 730 Expert). The vaginal ultrasound probe is placed in the fourchette of the vaginal introitus to obtain the transverse section of the anal sphincter. In the cases with sphincter defect, mean gestational week and second stage of labor were prolonged significantly (p = 0.039 and p

Background: Overutilization and inappropriate use of emergency departments (EDs) by patients with non-urgent health problems has become a major concern worldwide. This study aims to describe the characteristics of obstetric and gynecologic patients admitted to the Department of Emergency Obstetric and Gynecology. Methods: A retrospective and cross-sectional study was designed at our Emergency Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Kayseri Education and Research Hospital of Medicine between January 1 and December 31, 2013. A total of 30,853 patients applying to emergency service were retrospectively analyzed from the admission charts, patient files and hospital automation system. Patients were assessed in terms of demographic features, presentation times, complaints, admission type (with own facilities, with consultation or with ambulance), diagnoses (urgent or non-ergent), discharge rates, clinical admission, rejection rate of examination, and rejection rate of hospitalization. Results: A total of 30,853 patients were analyzed retrospectively. The mean age of patients was 27.69 ± 8.44 years; 51% of patients were between 20 and 29 years old. The categories of patients in urgent and non-urgent were 69% and 31% respectively. Most common presentation time period was between 19:00 and 21:00. Labor pain, pain and bleeding during pregnency, routine antenatal control, pelvic pain and menstrual irregularity were the most common complaints. Labor pain with the rate of 21% was the most common cause of ED admission. All patients who presented with labor pain were hospitalized. Patients hospitalized for labor constituted 56% of all hospitalized patients. Among patients, 62% were treated on an outpatient basis and 38% were hospitalized. Of patients, 3.54% refused to hospitalization. The cases using the ambulance to admission constituted 1.07% of all ED patients. Of these patients who have used ambulance 3.65% refused to the patient examination. Conclusions: To improve the obstetric and gynecologic emergency medical care in Turkey, demographic properties and other characteristics of patients should be analyzed in detail. Detailed analysis of the data contributes to the further design and perspective of the EDs. J Clin Med Res. 2015;7(2):109-114 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jocmr2013w

Introduction Endometriosis can be defined as the presence of endometrial glandular and stromal tissue outside the uterus. Affected sites of endometriosis can even be the urinary tract. Here, we present the case of a 30-year-old woman with right ureteral endometriosis. This case was important due to the unusual localization and no signs of the disease except for hydroureteronephrosis. Case presentation A 30-year-old Caucasian woman with para 2 was admitted to our department for right side flank pain, dysuria and suprapubic pain. She had no complaints of vaginal discharge, bleeding or painful menstruation. Her menstrual cycles were normal and lasting for three to four days. She did not have a history of any surgical interventions. A physical examination revealed a right side costovertebral angle and suprapubic tenderness. Laboratory test results including a complete blood count, serum biochemical analysis, urine analysis and urine culture were normal. Urinary ultrasonography showed right side hydroureteronephrosis with renal cortical thinning. We suspected a right ureteral stone obstructing the ureter and a computed tomography scan was performed. The computed tomography scan revealed similar right side hydroureteronephrosis with obstruction of the ureter. No signs of stone were observed on the scan. Retrograde pyelography and diagnostic ureterorenoscopy were performed and they showed a focal stricture with a length of approximately 3cm at the distal ureteral part and secondary hydroureteronephrosis. Open partial ureterectomy and ureteroneocystostomy with Boari flap were performed. The pathologic specimen of her ureter demonstrated intrinsic endometriosis of the right ureter with endometrial glandular cells and stromal tissue. Conclusions Clinicians should suspect ureteral endometriosis in premenopausal women with unilateral or bilateral distal ureteral obstruction of uncertain cause. The main goals of the treatment should be preservation of renal function, relief of obstruction and prevention of recurrence.

This study aimed to investigate the macular, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and choroid thickness alterations using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and to compare them with healthy reproductive-age women volunteers. Study group consisted of 64 patients with PCOS and control group consisted of 60 healthy volunteers. There was a statistically significant difference between PCOS and control groups for choroid thickness (P < .001). Fovea center thickness and temporal inner macula were significantly thinner in the PCOS group than those in the healthy control group (P = .009 and P = .033, respectively). Contrary to these findings, nasal outer macula (NOM) and temporal outer macula (TOM) were statistically thicker in the PCOS group than those in the control group (P = .001 and P < .001, respectively). Increased choroid thickness and RNFL may lead to increase in both retinal volume and retinal thickness in the peripheral side of the retina. Therefore, NOM and TOM region can be accepted sensitive areas in patients with PCOS.

Renal dysplasia, defined as abnormal parenchymal development from anomalous differentiation of metanephric tissue, implies irreversible renal damage. The functional capacity of an affected kidney depends upon the extent and severity of the dysplasia. Conglomerates of disorganized epithelial structures surrounded by abundant fibrous tissue characterize a dysplastic kidney. Cortical cysts are often, but not necessarily, present [1]. Fetal renal disease is commonly encountered in second-trimester anomaly screening. Detailed sonographic examination shows the enlarged cystic fetal kidneys as well as the oligohydramnios. Magnetic resonance imaging further aids in the diagnosis of fetal kidney anomalies. In this case, we report a prenatal magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of a fetus with cystic renal dysplasia. A 26-year-old patient was admitted to the outpatient clinic at 23 weeks’ gestation. She was married to her second-degree relative. Family history was negative for polycystic renal disease. Sonographic examination of the fetus revealed a single umbilical artery, polydactyly in both feet (Figure 1) and left hand, right kidney 33×15 mm, and left kidney 36×21 mm. Both kidneys were enlarged and filled the whole retroperitoneal space (Figures 2 and 3). The sonography showed that both kidneys were polycystic and enlarged. Bilateral renal anteroposterior diameters were within normal limits. Fetal biometric measurements were: biparietal diameter 22 weeks and 4 days, femur length 22 weeks and 1 day; and amniotic fluid volume was normal. Fetal echocardiographic examination revealed normal results. The termination of pregnancy was performed by vaginal and oral misoprostol administration after obtaining the written informed consent of the family. FETAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF BILATERAL CYSTIC RENAL DYSPLASIA

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract that originate from theintestinal cells of Cajal(ICC) (Fletcher et al., 2002). Only a few cases have been described with extragastrointestinal stromal tumors (Kim et al., 2012; Soufi et al., 2013; Meng et al., 2011). They are often diagnosed as a pancreatic head tumor as they are very difficult to relate to the duodenum with CT, MRI, or ultrasound. We present a case of a sixty-four-year-old woman who presented with abdominal pain and cardialgia for a follow-up examination after breast cancer surgery. On laparotomy there was a 3 × 5 cm hypervascular mass arising from the pancreatic head with macroscopically no attachment to the duodenum. The patient underwent pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) modified after Traverso-Longmire, histopathology proved a duodenal GIST. This case proves that duodenal GISTs can grow invasively into the pancreas and appear as solid pancreas head tumor; therefore, these tumors should be included into differential diagnosis.

Highlights • Ovarian torsion (OT) is a rare cause of acute abdominal pain during puerperium. • The diagnosis of OT during puerperium is difficult, and occasionally remains a diagnostic dilemma. • The clinical and laboratory findings are variable and nonspecific. • Early use of bedside abdominal ultrasonography is important in differential diagnosis of OT from other acute abdominal pathologies. • A heightened awareness of the relevant risk factors, the clinical presentation, and a high degree of clinical suspicion are essential for early and accurate diagnosis of OT., INTRODUCTION Ovarian torsion (OT) is a rare cause of acute abdominal pain that requires prompt recognition and treatment during puerperium. Diagnosis of OT can be challenging due to nonspecific clinical features and uncommon objective findings. The management of OT is often delayed because of diagnostic uncertainty. Early and timely recognition and prompt intervention are crucial to preserve ovarian function and to minimize morbidity. PRESENTATION OF CASE We report a 29-year-old postpartum woman who presented to the emergency department (ED) with severe right flank pain, nausea and anorexia initially considered as renal colic. After further investigation, OT caused by large mucinous cyst was diagnosed. Right-sided salpingo-oophorectomy was performed due to hemorrhagic ovary and huge cystic mass causing ischemic OT. DISCUSSION OT is often diagnosed based on the clinical presentation, including severe, sharp, sudden onset of unilateral lower abdominal pain and tenderness with a palpable laterouterine pelvic mass and nausea/vomiting. Emergency surgical intervention should be performed if OT is suspected to confirm the diagnosis and uncoil the twist to prevent ovarian damage. CONCLUSION In conclusion, emergency physicians should be aware of the possibility of OT in postpartum women. Therefore, early and timely surgical intervention should be undertaken.

The genotoxic potential of the vaccine adjuvant Squalene was assessed by the chromosomal aberrations (CAs), sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and micronucleus (MNs) tests in human lymphocytes and comet assay in both human and rat lymphocytes. Five different concentrations of squalene (1250-20,000 mu g/ml for human lymphocytes and 0.07-1.12 mg/kg for rat lymphocytes) were studied. Squalene did not affect the CAs and MN frequency, in all treatments in vitro. A significant increase in SCEs was observed in almost all concentrations at 24 h treatment. Squalene did not affect significantly the comet tail length (CTL) (except 2500 mu g/ml) and comet tail intensity (CTI) at all treatments in vitro. In rats, squalene significantly increased and decreased CTL and CTI in some doses. Although there are increasing and reduction in the effect, squalene cannot be regarded as genotoxic in human lymphocytes. However, further in vivo studies are required to be sure on the effect. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The genotoxic effects of antimicrobial food additive sodium sorbate (SS) was assessed by using chromosome aberrations (CAs), sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs), and micronucleus (MN) in cultured human lymphocytes and comet assay in isolated human lymphocytes. Lymphocytes were treated with four concentrations (100, 200, 400 and 800 mu g/ml) of SS as well as a negative (sterile distilled water) and a positive control (Mitomycin-C: MMC for cultured lymphocytes and H2O2 for isolated lymphocytes). The result of this study indicated that SS increased the frequency of CAs at both 24 and 48 h period compared to control. When gaps were included, this increase was significant at 200, 400 and 800 mu g/ml concentrations at 24 h and, at all concentrations at 48 h treatment time. When gaps were excluded, this increase was significant at only 800 mu g/ml concentration at both 24 and 48 h treatments. In addition, SS increased SCEs/cell and MN frequency at 400 and 800 mu g/ml concentrations at both 24 and 48 h compared to negative control. Furthermore, this additive caused DNA damage at all concentrations in isolated human lymphocytes after 1 h in vitro exposure. The present results show that SS is genotoxic to the human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro at the highest concentrations.

In this study, the genotoxic effects of sodium benzoate (SB) and potassium benzoate (PB) were investigated in cultured human peripheral lymphocytes using chromosomal aberrations (CA), sister chromatid exchange (SCE), and micronuclei (MN). The level of nuclear DNA damage of SB and PB were also evaluated using the comet assay. The lymphocytes were incubated with different concentrations of SB (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mu g/ml) and PB (62.5, 125, 250, 500, and 1000 mu g/ml). A significant increase was observed in CA. SCE, and MN, in almost all treatments compared to negative controls. SB and PB significantly decreased the mitotic index (MI) in all the treatments, compared to the negative controls. However, neither of the additives affected the replication index (RI). Although SB significantly increased DNA damage, PB did not cause a significant increase in DNA damage. The present results indicate that SB and PB are clastogenic, mutagenic and cytotoxic to human lymphocytes in vitro. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.11.040

The genotoxic effects of fungicide Conan 5FL (containing 50 g/L hexaconazole) in mouse bone-marrow cells and human lymphocytes have been evaluated. Three different concentrations of Conan 5FL (17.50, 35.0, and 70.0 μg/mL for human lymphocytes and 17.50, 35.0, and 70.0 mg/kg for mouse bone marrow cells) were studied. Conan 5FL induced significant increases (except 17.5 mg/kg for mouse bone marrow) in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations (CAs) in both test systems. This fungicide caused structural and numerical abnormalities in both mammalian cells. These are sister chromatid union, chromatid and chromosome breaks, fragments, dicentric and ring chromosomes, and polyploidy. Significant increase was found in induction and in minimum-maximum numbers of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) at all treatments compared with the negative control. Conan 5FL did not affect the replication index (RI) in human lymphocyte cultures, however, it significantly decreased the mitotic index (MI) in all treatment concentrations in both test systems. Using of Conan 5FL should be reconsidered due to its possible cytotoxic, clastogenic and mutagenic effects. © 2008 MAIK Nauka.

The genotoxic effects of the antifungal drug fluconazole (trade name triflucan) were assessed in the chromosome aberration (CA) test in mouse bone-marrow cells in vivo and in the chromosome aberration, sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and micronucleus (MN) tests in human lymphocytes. Fluconazole was used at concentrations of 12.5, 25.0 and 50.0 mg/kg for the in vivo assay and 12.5, 25.0 and 50.0 mu g/ml were used for the in vitro assay. In both test systems, a negative and a positive control (MMC) were also included. Six types of structural aberration were observed: chromatid and chromosome breaks, sister chromatid union, chromatid exchange, fragments and dicentric chromosomes. Polyploidy was observed in both the in vivo and in vitro systems. In the in vivo test, fluconazole did not significantly increase the frequency of CA. In the in vitro assays, CA, SCE and MN frequencies were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner compared with the negative control. The mitotic, replication and cytokinesis-block proliferation indices (CBPI) were not affected by treatments with fluconazole. According to these results, fluconazole is clastogenic and aneugenic in human lymphocytes, but these effects could not be observed in mice. Further studies should be conducted in other test systems to evaluate the full genotoxic potential of fluconazole. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The aim of this study was to investigate the genotoxic risk to workers occupationally exposed to coal combustion products in Afsin-Elbistan A power plant, located in south-eastern Turkey. We analysed chromosomal aberrations (CAs), polyploidy, sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs), and micronuclei (MN) in 48 male workers without a history of smoking, tobacco chewing, or alcohol consumption. The results were compared with a control group of 30 healthy male individuals without exposure to any known genotoxic agents. The mean frequencies of CA, polyploidy, SCEs (P < 0.01), and MN (P < 0.05) were significantly higher in workers than in the control group, by the Mann-Whitney U-test. Spearman's rho correlation analysis revealed a significant increase in the frequency of CA and MN with increasing years of exposure (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant effect of age on the cytogenetic markers analysed in both groups (P > 0.05). The data obtained from this study clearly showed chromosomal hazard in the peripheral lymphocytes of workers exposed to coal combustion products in Afsin-Elbistan A power plant for several years. This cytogenetic damage might be attributed to the cumulative effects of several substances due to chemical complexity of the coal ash and gaseous emissions rather than a specific substance. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

In this investigation, clastogenic effects of Thymus kotschyanus var. glabrescens Boiss. extract (TE) and anticlastogenic effects of this extract against Mitomycin C (MMC) induced chromosome damage have been evaluated in human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. Two series of experiments were conducted. In the first, only 10 -5 , 10 -4 , 10 -3 and 10 -2 μl ml -1 concentrations of TE were used for 48 h to detect potential clastogenicity. In the second, MMC (0.38 μg ml -1 ) plus 10 -5 , 10 -4 , 10 -3 and 10 -2 μl ml -1 concentrations of TE were used for 48 h to determine anticlastogenic effects. TE did not increase sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) (except 10 -2 μl ml concentration) and chromosome aberrations (CAs) significantly compared with negative and solvent controls. However, it decreased the frequency of MMC induced chromosome aberrations. Decreasing was significant at 10 -4 , 10 -3 and 10 -2 μl ml -1 concentrations. On the other hand, TE significantly increased MMC-induced SCEs for all treatment groups compared with positive control. © 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.

The potential cytogenetic damage in offset printing workers was evaluated using sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), chromosome aberrations (CAs) and micronuclei (MN) as biomarkers in peripheral lymphocytes of 26 volunteers (14 workers, 12 controls). The CA, SCE and MN frequency of offset printing workers was significantly higher than in their controls. The replication index (RI) was not affected while the mitotic index (MI) was affected most in the workers. It can be concluded from this study that chronic occupational exposure to printing dyes and thinner may lead to a slightly increased risk of genetic damage among offset printing workers. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

This work examines the karyology of four taxa of Ebenus L.: E. plumosa Boiss. & Bal. var. plumosa, E. plumosa var. speciosa Hub.-Mor., E. macrophylla Jaub. & Spach and E. barbigera Boiss. All species are diploid with 2n=14 chromosomes. Chromosome lengths in these four Ebenus species are between 4.30 and 2.67 μm, 4.91 and 3.09 μm, 4.22 and 2.15 μm, 2.78 and 1.58 μm, respectively. The karyotype of E. plumosa var. plumosa consists of 1m+1sm+5m, of E. plumosa var. speciosa consists of 2m+1sm+4m. The karyotypes of the other two species consist of 7m. Satellites are on the long arms of Chromosome 4 in E. plumosa var. plumosa and E. macrophylla and on the short arms in E. plumosa var. speciosa. In E. barbigera satellites are on the long arms of Chromosome 3. There is a 2.44 μm long chromosome fragment on the short arm on one of the homologous 6th Chromosome in E. plumosa var. speciosa.