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DOGAN, GOKSEL/0000-0002-4583-3140; CINAR KUL, Bengi/0000-0002-8955-0097, WOS: 000510017700006, PubMed: 31504752, In vitro culture under atmospheric oxygen puts embryos under oxidative stress and impairs preimplantation development. However, to what extent this process alters the redox balance in the perinatal period remains largely unknown. the aim of the present study was to examine if the redox balance is altered in the lung tissue of fetuses generated through transfer of mouse embryos exposed to atmospheric oxygen at different stages of development and to determine if this has any effect on lung morphogenesis and gene expression. Two experimental groups (EGs) were generated by transferring in vitro- and in vivo-derived blastocysts to pseudo-pregnant females. in vivo-developed fetuses served as control. Enzymatic/nonenzymatic antioxidants, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, total antioxidant capacity, stage of lung development and gene expression were evaluated on day 18 of pregnancy. Weight of fetuses was significantly less in both experimental cohorts (ANOVA, P < 0.001 versus control), associated with delayed lung development, higher amounts of MDA (ANOVA, P < 0.001 versus control) and altered expression of several genes in oxidative stress/damage pathways. Evidence gathered in the present study indicates that pre-implantation stress caused by culture under atmospheric oxygen, even for a short period of time, leads to fetal growth restriction, impaired lung development and redox balance along with dysregulation of several genes in oxidative stress response. Absence of an EG in which in vitro embryo culture was performed at 5% oxygen and the use of genetically heterogeneous F2 fetuses are the limitations of the study. in any case, the long-term impact of such dramatic changes in the developmental programming of resulting fetuses warrants further investigations., Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUB.ITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [112O259], This work was funded by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUB.ITAK, Project no: 112O259).

Objective: Moderate food restriction, such as a 20-40% reduction of the ad libitum intake without causing malnutrition, delays or prevents morphological and functional changes related to aging and overnutrition. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of moderate to severe food restriction (20%, 40%, and 60% of ad libitum intake) for 28 days on some bacterial groups in the cecum and certain biochemical variables in male Sprague Dawley rats. Materials and methods: One group was allowed free access to food (control), while the others were given food restricted to 20%, 40%, and 60% of the ad libitum consumption for 28 days. At the end of the experiment control and food-restricted animals were sacrificed and cecum weight, pH of cecal contents, and counts of total anaerobes, total aerobes, lactobacilli, and coliform bacteria in cecal contents were determined. Metabolic effects of food restriction were evaluated by analyzing some biochemical parameters in plasma and serum. Results : The effect of 60% restriction was severe; three animals died before the 28th day of experiment in this group. In general, biochemical variables did not change in 20% and 40% food-restricted groups. Although lactobacilli counts of the 20% and 40% restricted groups were significantly increased when compared with the 60% restricted group, none of the three groups were differed from the control group. Furthermore, the total aerobe bacteria counts of the 20% restricted group were significantly lower than those of the 60% restricted group. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that restriction of food by 20% and 40% may affect cecal microbiota beneficially without causing considerable changes in the metabolism of the host, while 60% restriction causes dietary stress. Key words: food restriction, starvation, malnutrition, rat, cecal microbiota, biochemical variables