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Copyright of Revista Ciência Agronômica is the property of Revista Ciencia Agronomica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El cultivo de la papaya (Carica papaya L.), es uno de los principales frutales tropicales de mayor importancia socioeconómica, sin embargo, su rendimiento se ve afectado por plagas y enfermedades, siendo los áfidos vectores de virus los que causan el mayor daño. Se identificaron 17 especies de áfidos, de las cuales más de la mitad incluyen a especies con importancia en la transmisión de virus, correspondiendo en orden de abundancia a: Aphis spiraecola, Aphis nerii, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Myzus persicae, y Aphis gossypii, los que tuvieron su mayor pico poblacional entre los meses de junio a agosto, coincidiendo con las mayores fluctuaciones poblacionales en los 5 primeros meses después del trasplante del cultivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strawberry production has increased in Mexico, due to its taste, nutrition and high economic income. In Morelos, the production is affected by the strawberry dry wilt, a frequent disease in this crop that causes significant losses above 50% the production. The objective of this work was to identify the causal agent of the strawberry drier, perform pathogenicity tests from the isolate and compare against an isolated strain already identified, evaluate inoculation methods and observe the damage to the roots for this purpose they were analyzed plants with typical symptoms of the disease from a commercial plot were analyzed from June 2018. The identification of the fungus was made by cultural and morphological characteristics and compared with a strain of Fusarium oxysporum from Celaya, Guanajuato. The results show that the causal agent of the strawberry drier in Morelos is Fusarium oxysporum. The pathogenicity tests showed the damage caused by this fungus in the crop and its direct involvement in the fresh and dry weight of the roots in the plants. The comparison between means did not detect significant differences in the method of inoculation and the strains evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distribution, incidence and severity damage caused by the dieback complex (Lasiodiplodia spp.) in Persian lime (Citrus latifolia) was determined in 46 orchards of six average years old, 25 trees per orchard in the municipalities of Amacuzac, Ayala, Coatlan del Rio, Cuautla, Jantetelco, Jonacatepec, Puente de Ixtla, Tepalcingo and Tlaltizapan of Zapata, Morelos State, Mexico. Incidence was evaluated according to the number of plants having symptoms of dieback. There were four levels of severity, where 0= healthy tree, 1= gum exudation, 2= cracking with exposure of internal tissue and 3= well-defined canker and branch dieback. Which were transformed to a percentage of means of a scale of three levels of severity, transforming to a percentage of infection using the Townsend and Heuberger equation. Data were analyzed trough the Kruskal Wallis test and Tukey (α=0.05) and p<0.0001 in incidence and severity. There was a high incidence of dieback on stems 78% of Persian lime trees. The incidence and severity of dieback of Persian trees on different orchards had a range of 31.8 to 100% and 30 to 100%, respectively. By the other hand, municipalities such as Amacuzac, Ayala, Coatlan del Rio and Tlaltizapan, had the lowest levels of incidence and severity of dieback. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vanadium (V) can be absorbed by plants and regulate their growth and development, although contrasting effects have been reported among species and handling conditions. The objective of this work was to evaluate the beneficial effect of V on pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.). The plants were grown in a hydroponic system with the application of four V concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 15 μM NH₄VO₃). Four weeks after the beginning of the treatments, growth, flowering, biomass, chlorophyll concentration, total amino acids, total soluble sugars, and nutrients were determined in leaves, stems, and roots. The application of 5 μM V increased plant growth, induced floral bud development, and accelerated flowering. The chlorophyll concentration varied according to the type of plant part analyzed. The concentrations of amino acids and sugars in leaves and roots were higher with 5 μM. With 10 and 15 μM V, the plants were smaller and showed toxicity symptoms. The K concentration in leaves decreased as the V dose increased (0 to 15 μM). However, 5 μM V increased the concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Mn, and B, exclusively in stems. The application of 15 μM V decreased the concentrations of Mg and Mn in leaves, but increased those of P, Ca, Mg, Cu, and B in roots. We conclude that V has positive effects on pepper growth and development, as well as on the concentrations of amino acids and total sugars. V was antagonistic with K, Mg, and Mn in leaves, while in stems and roots, there was synergism with macro and micronutrients. Vanadium is a beneficial element with the potential to be used in biostimulation approaches of crops like pepper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El pulgón Aphis nerii Boyer de Fonscolombe (Hemiptera: Aphididae) es una plaga importante de la papaya, Carica papaya L. en México debido a su papel como vector del Virus de la Mancha Anular del Papayo (PRSV-p). El monitoreo de poblaciones de pulgones se realiza en campo con trampas pegajosas amarillas, sin embargo se desconoce el color de preferencia de A. nerii. Por lo que se evaluó bajo condiciones de laboratorio, el tiempo de arribo y la permanencia de adultos alados a la combinación de dos colores (amarillo, rojo, blanco, o verde) dispuestos de manera contínua o alterna. Aphis nerii arribó en menor tiempo a colores claros cuando éstos fueron mostrados de forma continua, excepto en la combinación rojoverde, donde arribó más rápido al rojo. El arribo a colores claros también se mantuvo cuando fueron mostrados de manera alterna, aunque sin diferencias significativas. No se observaron diferencias en cuanto tiempo de permanencia en algún color en particular, aparentemente la preferencia es por colores claros. Cuando se contrastan amarillo-blanco y rojo-blanco, A. nerii reposa por mayor tiempo en blanco. En el campo se sugiere emplear trampas de color claro para el monitoreo de A. nerii. The sweet pepper aphid or oleander aphid, Aphis nerii Boyer de Fonscolombe (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a major pest of papaya ( Carica papaya L.) in Mexico, because is a vector of Papaya Ringspot virus-P (PRSV-p). Yellow sticky traps are used to monitor adults, but color preferences by A. nerii still unknown. Here, we evaluated the arrival, and permanence time for alate aphids to four colors (yellow, red, white, or green) arranged by pair, in continuous or alternate pattern. Aphis nerii arrived quickly to lighter colors when they were presented continuously, except in the red-green combination, arriving faster to red. Arrival time response to light color was maintained when shown alternately. No differences were found on the permanence time in any particular color, but apparently A. nerii chooses light colors. When yellow-white, and red-white colors were constrasted, A. nerii rests longer on white than yellow or red. Under field conditions light color traps are suggested for monitoring A. nerii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some studies have reported the low genetic differentiation of Melanaphis sacchari/sorghi and its great phenotypic plasticity to quickly undergo adaptive changes that include change of host and rapid dispersion. In this experiment, damage and behavior of six commercial Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench hybrids , against attack by the aphid were evaluated at Xalostoc, Morelos. The incidence of the sugarcane aphid from 21 after days sowing (ADS) was observed in all genotypes, despite insecticides coating the seed. The intensity of attack was light (25%) to 35 ADS. The intensity increased at the 49 ADS to (grade 2), with least severity in the Ambar hybrid (50.6%) and the greatest for Milenia (65%). The aphid was most abundant at 56 ADS, with P20 (85%) and Milena (83.7%) the most affected hybrids. At the end of the crop cycle, two groups were formed, the least infested (85 P15, Ambar, and DKS-46) and the most damaged one (Milenia, Cobalt, and 85 P20). Agronomic variables such as fresh weight of the plant, plant height, tang weight, and dry weight of the plant were not different. There were differences only in the brix degrees, with low values for Ambar (3.5°Bx) and P15 (4.2°Bx) hybrids, significantly different from 85 P20 (6.9) and Milena (6.5°Bx). Algunos estudios han informado la baja diferenciación genética de Melanaphis sacchari/sorghi y su gran plasticidad fenotípica, para someterse rápidamente a cambios adaptativos que incluyen el cambio de huésped y provocan la rápida dispersión de este insecto. En el ensayo se evaluó el nivel de daños y comportamiento de seis híbridos comerciales de Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, frente al ataque de este pulgón en Xalostoc, Morelos. Como resultado, se observó una incidencia del pulgón amarillo desde los 21 días de la siembra (DDS) en todos los genotipos, pese a los insecticidas presentes en la semilla. La intensidad del ataque fue ligera (25%) hasta los 35 DDS. Con un aumento de la intensidad a los 49 DDS (grado 2), con la menor severidad en el hibrido Ambar (50.6%) y el más elevado en Milenia (65%). A los 56 DDS se produjo el pico más elevado del ataque del pulgón, siendo los más afectados, 85P20 (85%) y Milena (83.7%). Al final del ciclo se formaron dos grupos, los menos infestados (P15, Ambar y DKS-46) y los más dañados (Milenia, Cobalto y 85 P20). Las variables agronómicas como: peso fresco de la planta, altura de la planta, peso de la panoja y peso seco de la planta no tuvieron diferencias. Solo hubo diferencias en los grados brix, con valores bajos para los híbridos Ambar (3.5°Bx) y 85 P15 (4.2°Bx), mismos que difieren de los que tuvieron valores más elevados, 85 P20 (6.9) y Milena (6.5°Bx), mientras éstos no se diferenciaron de DKS-46 y Cobalto con 4.7 y 5.2°Bx, respectivamente. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Fruits is the property of International Society for Horticultural Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Biodegradable alternatives for the control of Aspergillus flavus in fig fruit were tested with the application of coatings based on chitosan (CS) and propolis (P). To potentiate the fungicidal effect, nanoparticles of these two (CSNPs and PNPs) were also considered. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effect of different formulations on: (a) the ripening process of the fig, (b) the incidence of A. flavus and the production of aflatoxins, and (c) the acceptance of the treated fruit by a panel. The nanostructured coatings did not influence the ripening process of the fruit during the 12 days of storage, however, the antioxidant activity increased by approximately 30% with the coating CS + PNPs + P. The figs treated with CS + CSNPs + PNPs + P, inhibited the growth of the fungus by about 20% to 30% under laboratory and semi-commercial conditions. For all treatments, the aflatoxin production was lower than 20 ppb compared to the control with values of c.a. 250 ppb. The sensory quality was acceptable among the panel. The edible coatings can be a non-toxic alternative for post-harvest preservation and the consumption of fig fruit. The next step will be its inclusion and evaluation at a commercial level in packing houses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of pesticide residues in vegetable and fruit products, as a consequence of inappropriate application in some cases, constitutes a risk to the health of the exposed population. In Mexico, the official norm, NOM-003-STPS-1999, only allows the use of pesticides with the phytosanitary registry, the responsible state commission for the control of the process and use of pesticides and toxic substances, which recommends doses and permitted crops. Despite the above, it is still common to find pesticide residues in some vegetable products. In this study, the following were detected: Chlorpyriphos, Dimetomorph I, Malathion, Omethoate, Carbendazim, and Imidacloprid in Nopal. The study was carried out in two collection centers located in the state of Morelos. In total, sixty samples were taken, thirty for each collection center, for a period of 10 months. To determine the pesticide residues, the analytical methodology was used, according to the guide, SANTE/11945/2015; in a laboratory accredited by the Mexican Accreditation Entity A. C. in the norm, NMX-EC-17025-IMNC-2006. The procedure for extracting analytes was carried out using the method, QuEChERS. The highest concentration of the pesticides detected in the samples obtained from the non-Certified Supply Center were Chlorpyrifos 0.309 mg/kg (MRL 0.01), Dimetomorf I 0.029 mg/kg (MRL 0.01), Malathion 0.155 mg/kg (MRL 0.01), Omethoate 0.032 (MRL 0.01), Carbendazim 0.090 mg/kg (MRL 0.01), and Imidacloprid 0.058 mg/kg (MRL 0.01). Thirty percent of the samples analyzed showed pesticide residues; the most frequent were Carbendazim. The results for the estimated daily intake (EDI) oscillated between 6.5 × 10−5 and 1.3 × 10−4 mg/kg body weight for the vegetable, Nopal. In principle, it could be concluded that the consumption of Nopal with pesticide residues does not represent any toxicological risk for human health, however, the risk cannot be ruled out due to the intake of other vegetables and fruits that are cultivated in the Mexican Republic, which probably present pesticide residues, which together would raise potential risks to human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is one of the most important pests of sugarcane, Saccharum officinarum L., in Mexico, but the population dynamics of the adult are not known for conditions in the state of Morelos. During the 2013 season, 11,282 adult males were caught, with the largest number of adults trapped on the eastern and western sides of the state. Two population peaks were observed, the first during the dry season (February-June) and the second during the rainy season (October- December). Implementing monitoring of this stalk borer as part of an integrated pest management program is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]