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International audience; Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider the determinants of web‐based corporate reporting by French‐listed firms. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on a literature review of the determinants of web‐based corporate disclosures and is both descriptive and explicative. It analyzes the use of the internet to disseminate corporate information and examines the extent of web‐based corporate disclosure by developing a set of disclosure indexes. To test the authors' hypotheses, an OLS regression framework was estimated on a sample of 529 French‐listed firms in 2005. Findings – Descriptive analysis shows that French firms are using the internet to disseminate existing rather than timely information. The results show that large‐sized firms, large‐audited firms, firms featuring a dispersed ownership structure, those that have issued bonds or equities and IT industry firms extensively used the web to disclose information to their shareholders. The results also show that voluntary disclosures are more suited for the internet than mandatory disclosures. Research limitations/implications – The study does not cover all information provided on web sites, particularly those about the impact of IFRS on companies' accounts. Practical implications – The findings are useful to both managers, wishing to meet actual and potential investors' informational needs and to investors wishing to invest in a richer informational environment and to better assess firm value. Originality/value – This paper provides a better understanding of the choice of the internet to release information in the French context, where internet corporate reporting is not standardized as in the USA and Canada.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to add to the understanding of the monitoring role of multiple large shareholders (MLS) by examining their impact on the informativeness of firms' earnings.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses regression models that relate earnings to stock returns for a sample of 402 French publicly traded firms covered during 2003‐2007.FindingsThe paper shows that earnings informativeness is significantly positively related to the owner's ultimate cash flow rights. Consistent with the alignment effect, stock ownership aligns management and shareholders interests which reduces managers' incentives to manipulate accounting information. It also finds that earnings informativeness is significantly negatively related to the excess control of the ultimate controlling shareholder. This result supports the entrenchment effect and suggests that controlling shareholders have greater incentives to obscure accounting figures when expropriation is likely. Finally, control contestability of the largest controlling shareholder mitigates information asymmetry problems thereby enhancing earnings informativeness.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings stress the importance of MLS in enhancing internal monitoring and mitigating agency costs. Because France is characterized by a weak legal system, highly concentrated ownership structures and excess control, the results provide valuable insights to mitigate extreme agency problems.Originality/valueThe paper adds to the literature on corporate governance and the quality of accounting information by investigating strategic interactions between various blockholders and their impact on earnings informativeness. The study complements prior studies on the monitoring role of MLS by demonstrating that both their presence and control size translate into significantly greater earnings informativeness.

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Entrepreneurial education (EE) has proliferated in recent years, however, while previous research has extensively analyzed the impact of EE on students’ entrepreneurial intentions (EI), studies tend to analyze EE as a monolithic concept without distinguishing between different types of academic activities and hence under examining how EE achieves its goals. To fill this gap in the literature, drawing on Ajzen’s (1991) Theory of Planned Behavior and EE theory, we examine the relative effectiveness of different teaching models (supply, demand, and competence models) and specific academic activities in developing entrepreneurial intentions (EI). In particular, we focus on interdisciplinary activities (i.e., activities involving students from varying profiles and career fields), a type of academic activity that has been neglected by previous literature. We also explore potential differences in the effectiveness of these models depending on students’ educational stage and gender, factors which have also been overlooked by the literature. Using survey data from 859 business school students, a structural model, and partial least squares technique, we found differences in the impact of teaching models on students’ EI depending on activity characteristics, as well as student educational stage and gender. The results have important implications for educational practice and for public and private organizations interested in promoting entrepreneurship: i) the importance of autonomy, experiential learning, and exploratory learning in entrepreneurship-promotion activities, and ii) the convenience of tailoring these activities according to the gender, year of education, and academic field of the students.

This is the last version of the paper. Sorry for the delay.; International audience; Sustainable business models are promising strategies to combat environmental,social, and economic depletion. They produce several benefits from systemic relationships among multiple actors, however; they explicitly consider the environment and society as main stakeholders.Currently, research is focused on reveal how sustainable business models create sustainable values but not much has been said about the typologies of values produced. Conducting a case study methodology, we studied a venture serving poor people living in an environmental exhausted context. As a result, we found that the sustainable model produces forms of value that can extend the conventional sustainable value frameworks discussed in the literature. We believe our results show sustainable value facets not portrayed so far.

Research has shown a higher level of pro-environmental values and attitudes for women (vs. men), but discrepancies remain regarding pro-environmental behaviours (PEBs). Thus, women tend to adopt more PEBs than men in the private sphere, whereas no differences are observed in the public sphere. This paper aims to investigate whether women’s engagement in the public sphere is linked to social expectations. To address this issue, we tested messages based on social norms with 117 men and 124 women; their purpose was to engage the participants in PEBs in public sphere. Our results show a significant difference between men and women with the injunctive norm messages, but none with the control condition and descriptive social norm messages. These results validate our hypothesis that women engage in PEBs in the public sphere due to social expectations. We discuss this result using the literature on gender and PEBs and question the role of nudges using social norms; they may increase involvement, but they also increase feelings of guilt. We finally propose future research avenues and implications for citizens and non-profit organizations.

Business‐oriented environmental regulation is expected to have a fundamental role in mitigating the adverse effects of human activity on the natural environment. However, its effectiveness and efficiency are not well established. A systematic literature review reveals validity and reliability problems in the measurement of business‐oriented environmental regulation. From a sustainable development perspective, we develop a theoretical framework that aims to enhance the measurement and assessment of this kind of regulation. Our theoretical framework proposes that the goals of business‐oriented environmental regulation must articulate a measurement system in a 3 × 3 matrix: three measurement levels (stringency, response, and outcome—in this cause–effect order) and three sustainability dimensions (environmental, social, and economic—in this constraint order). For each cell, we propose a combination of objective and subjective indicators. This theoretical framework expands existing approaches to business‐oriented environmental regulation measurement by integrating a sustainable development perspective into a measurement framework in a structured theory‐driven manner. Not only will this measurement system be useful for improving environmental policy, but it will also allow companies to improve their business strategy and come closer to complying with environmental regulations in order to effectively contribute to solutions for current environmental problems and help achieve a sustainable development.

International audience

International audience; Recent literature on open innovation (OI) highlights the need for studies regarding the factors that influence firms to switch from a closed to an OI strategy. At the same time, stakeholder literature points out the scarcity of knowledge regarding antecedent factors fostering collaboration with the firm's stakeholders and their engagement for higher value creation. To fill these gaps, we propose an analytical framework for implementing a strategic OI process through the development of stakeholder engagement. Our framework comprises 17 factors grouped in five levers: knowledge, collaboration, organizational, strategic, and financial. We empirically applied this framework to two industrial SMEs. A qualitative study was conducted based on semi-structured interviews with internal and external stakeholders of both firms. The results show that one company successfully implemented the OI process, while the other struggled to evolve from a traditionally closed innovation model to a more open model. Analyzing the results, we identified several aspects that could explain this difference. These aspects concern the OI activities performed by both firms, the combination of the five levers into a coherent OI approach, stakeholder engagement, and the characteristics of the CEOs. The current study contributes insights for theory and practice, especially as it proposes an original framework for developing a strategic OI process that integrates a stakeholder approach.

International audience; The literature dedicated to heritage experience and brand heritage defends the idea that it is a source of significant value creation for consumers and brands. By contrast, the aim of this article is to propose a more complete view of the consequences of the heritage strategy for brands and consumers by exploring how consumers perceive a brand heritage experience and by identifying potential resistances that may emerge during their visits. In consequence, this research examines the features of a brand heritage experience through extended case studies in two brand museums with narratives of 47 visitors. By unpacking a brand heritage experience, the study highlights its acceptance by a majority of visitors as a real heritage experience since they give scientific, authentic and aesthetic values to the industrial and commercial features of the brand. However, some visitors do not accept – partially or totally – the brand as part of the heritage corpus insofar as they exhibit scepticism or even reject the experience.

International audience; Market-level studies based on institutional theory have gained prominence in recent marketing research seeking to investigate legitimation dynamics. Although these studies have paid particular attention to how organizations build legitimacy in new markets, they have rarely explored legitimations strategies in mature markets, which mostly remain the prerogative of organizational theory. Such emphasis on new markets is thus limiting our understanding of legitimation dynamics in general and legitimacy maintenance in particular, especially since new and mature markets have different characteristics. When markets are well established, they tend to become the target of a growing number of contestations by actors seeking to introduce new societal issues. Once these issues have been institutionalized, organizations must address them to maintain their legitimacy. In this study, we investigate the discursive strategies used by the French carmakers when environmental considerations gained prominence between 2006 and 2008. In contrast to prior works in organizational theory which assume that organizations respond to institutional pressures in an undifferentiated way, our results show that organizations adopt differentiated legitimation strategies by adapting their discourse to their different stakeholders. Paradoxically, we find evidence of industry-wide isomorphism, where rather than developing idiosyncratic discourses, organizations adopt conventional discursive strategies.

This Special Issue's aim is to take stock of the existing research in marketing that refers to institutional theory and provide insights on how extending dialogue can further enrich marketing research as well as provide new insights for institutional theory. Reviewing the existing literature and the published articles in this Special Issue allows to isolate limitations and to point to four directions for future research.

International audience; The domains of Design and Business have provided useful and practical information for the complex problems faced at the BoP. Autonomous propositions of innovation and strategy were respectively developed by both areas of knowledge. Nowadays, they are converging on a new and interesting research topic called Sustainable Business Model. The aim of this article, through a narrative literature review, is to understand the evolution of PSS from two different but complementary approaches as well as to identify the topics that have permanently shaped the PSS research in search of sustainable value proposals for the BoP.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of classroom interdisciplinary diversity, a type of classroom diversity that has been under-examined by previous literature, on the formation of university students’ entrepreneurial intentions (EI). Design/methodology/approach Based on Ajzen’s theory of planned behaviour and the interactionist model of creative behaviour by Woodman et al. (1993), this paper provides empirical evidence demonstrating that classroom interdisciplinary diversity is important in the formation of university students’ EI at early educational stages using a cross-sectional study design and survey data on first-year business school students and partial least squares analysis. Findings Classroom interdisciplinary diversity is important in the formation of university students’ EI through its positive impact on entrepreneurial perceived behavioural control (PBC) (self-efficacy), a key antecedent of EI. Practical implications The results have important implications for educational practice as well as for both public and private organisations willing to promote entrepreneurial activity, in particular, the positive effects of combining people with different profiles and career fields of interest on entrepreneurial PBC (self-efficacy). Originality/value This study contributes to the scant literature on early university experiences in entrepreneurship education and their influence on EI. It studies the impact of an under-examined dimension of diversity (classroom interdisciplinary diversity) on the formation of students’ EI.

This article proposes a proactive environmental strategy (PES) and eco-innovation as environmental dynamic capabilities and analyzes the relationship between these capabilities as well as their influence on performance in 126 hotels in Oaxaca, Mexico. Based on survey data, path analysis was used for hypothesis testing. The results show a positive and significant link between a PES and both eco-innovation and performance (organizational and environmental); eco-innovation shows a positive and significant link to environmental performance as well as a negative and significant link to organizational performance. Our research provides a better understanding of the use of environmental dynamic capabilities in value creation but also notes limitations and challenges in their implementation in the hotel industry.

This study examines the effect of employee well-being on the corporate debt maturity structure of U.S. firms. It hypothesizes that a firm's degree of commitment to employee welfare affects its debt maturity structure. Using a sample of 19,347 firm-year observations over the period 1991–2014, we find evidence that firms with higher employee welfare scores prefer long-term debt over short-term debt. This relationship is more pronounced for firms operating in human-capital-intensive industries and firms with lower labor union-membership rate. Our findings are robust to endogeneity concerns and insensitive to the use of alternative regression methods, variable measurements, and sample compositions. This paper provides novel evidence on the role of employment policies and practices in explaining variations in debt maturity.

The bottom of the pyramid (BoP) consists of 1.4 billion people living less than 1.25 USD per day. Fulfilling unmet needs of BoP people involves the design of products as a main activity. Designing products for the BoP faces two main problems. First, there is a general lack of understanding of the needs of users and second, traditional design methods may be limited in addressing the BoP context. Frugal innovation is positioned as a very interesting approach with the potential to adequately respond to the design challenges of the products for the BoP. However, studies in engineering design based on frugal innovation are still limited. In response to these issues, through an analysis and review of the literature, an exploratory mapping of the proposals in frugal innovation and the characteristics of the BoP was conducted. On the basis of the results, this paper defines a set of eight frugal criteria design and an identification of three dimensions that characterize a BoP context and two roles of BoP people. Finally, an association of BoP dimensions and roles with the key criteria of frugal design is proposed.

© 2018 Elsevier Inc. The environment of industrial markets is highly institutionalized, and research has documented different types of institutional work conducted by firms. However, the way in which individuals within organizations perceive and conduct such work is not well-understood. In this paper, we adopt the “inhabited institutions” approach to study how business-to-business managers experience the institutional work conducted by their companies as a strategic orientation. In-depth interviews with 34 managers reveal that institutional orientation is composed of three dimensions: the key institutional customers concept, institutional embeddedness, and market legitimacy. In addition, our study uncovers the relationships among these dimensions. The article concludes with the theoretical implications of the research as well as with a discussion regarding how a culture of institutional work, i.e., institutional orientation, can be instrumental in enhancing the performance of BtoB firms.

This article adopts an institutional view to rethink consumer resistance. Two types of consumers who resist market domination are identified: “rebels” and “entryists.” Rebels are able to consume but do not want to and oppose all or part of the market, whereas entryists want to consume but are kept out of the market. These two categories of resistant consumers are regarded as institutional entrepreneurs because they attempt to shape established institutions. Rebels are game changers, their resistance aims at disrupting market and consumption practices while entryists are justiciaries, their resistance aims at empowering those who are left behind. Implications for marketing of this renewed vision of consumer resistance are discussed in this article.

This article treats crowdfunding, a practice that helps firms fund new projects using online communities of consumers, as a specific case of co-production. Through the lens of principal–agent theory, the article examines the agency relationship in co-production through which a company delegates some parts of the production process to consumers, empowering them. More specifically, a qualitative study uncovers three issues in the agency relationship created by crowdfunding. The issues pertain to the funding source, approval of a project, and community management, and all represent sources of empowerment for consumers. The results thus expand the co-production model to cover earlier stages of the project life cycle (i.e. the funding step). In crowdfunding, consumers collectively determine whether the product will be launched on the market or not, thus suggesting the notion of inverted agency relationship with consumers having some ideas about products to put on the market as principals and companies giving shape to these ideas as agents.

Ecodesigning a product means reducing its environmental impacts throughout its life cycle. The severity or seriousness of an environmental impact depends in particular on where it occurs. This study proposes a seriousness indicator complementary to the impact indicator, via a spatialization approach, in order to provide new information for decision-making in design.

International audience; The paper investigates whether Southern Mediterranean and Middle Eastern markets under the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco, Malta, and Turkey) have become more financially integrated with the European stock market over time. The findings suggest that the Turkish equity market is moderately integrated with the European market, while the other economies exhibit weak financial integration with Europe, supporting the idea that the partnership appears to have no effect on enhancing inter-market linkages for these economies. Therefore, these markets would be good destinations for international investors seeking attractive investment opportunities to diversify their equity portfolios. Structural changes in the cross-market integration do exist, which may be considered as a guide for international equity portfolio diversification over different subperiods. In addition, there is evidence of an increasing trend in conditional correlations for Egypt and Turkey, to varying degrees, over time, notably during the post global financial crisis of 2007–2008, thus revealing herding behavior during this period. Overall, investors should be wary of the variation of equity market integration over time before engaging in an investment at the level of portfolio management and diversification. Policymakers must be aware of the remoteness of the current achievements of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership from the targets set in terms of financial development and economic growth.

International audience

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the consequences of the heritage experience in brand museums on the consumer–brand relationship. By highlighting its heritage within a museum, the brand proposes a specific experience that deserves attention because it is based on memory and communal identity, thus creating or strengthening a relationship with consumers. Design/methodology/approach Ethnographic case studies were conducted through direct observation and extensive interviews with 72 visitors at two brand museums, the Fallot Mustard Mill and the House of the Laughing Cow. Findings The results highlight the emergence/strengthening of the relationship between consumers and the brand through the development of intimacy with the brand and the emergence of supportive behaviors toward the brand in the form of commercial support, ambassadorship and volunteering. Research limitations/implications By characterizing and articulating the different relational consequences of visiting a brand museum, this research contributes to the literature dedicated to heritage experiences in consumption contexts and to the literature dedicated to consumer–brand relationships in servicescapes. Practical implications The study shows the necessity of grounding “heritage” in the physical setting of the brand museum to create a meaningful experience for visitors and, in turn, a deep relationship. Managers should treat brand museums as a relational tool in the marketing strategy of the brand and approach them from the perspective of long-term profitability. Originality/value While the literature has examined the spectacular and esthetic experiences brand museums offer, this study is the first to characterize the heritage experience and to document its consequences in terms of the consumer–brand relationship.

International audience; The aim of this paper is to observe how supreme courts use their discretionary power over their dockets to correct appellate courts’ decisions relative to their own interpretation of the law. There are two supreme courts in France, the Conseil d’État for the administrative branch, and the Cour de Cassation for the civil one. In both courts, at different dates though, a reform took place that gave them discretionary control over their dockets. Hence, a difference in the supreme courts’ decisions might be due to either different correction activities, selection strategies, or both. Accordingly, it is necessary to distinguish between them before drawing any conclusions about supreme courts’ behaviors. We develop an econometric approach to assess whether the correction activities are similar between supreme courts, and whether these activities are affected when the supreme courts can select cases. Using an original database of all environmental cases determined by the supreme courts between 1956 and 2010, we rely on a counterfactual approach to compare cases across the courts before and after the reforms. Our study concludes that correction activities do not differ across the courts as long as they are submitted to the same selection rule. We also find that the supreme courts use the possibility of selection to increase their pro-plaintiff correction activities in a way that affects the overall probability of success of plaintiffs and defendants.

International audience; The Resource-Advantage Theory of Competition states that a comparative advantage in resources leads to a competitive advantage in the marketplace. This research aims to expand this theory by including the role of innovation, particularly environmental innovation, as a moderating variable in the relationship between resources and competitive advantages. Empirical evidence of this moderating effect is obtained through factor and regression analyses with survey data collected from 130 small agricultural businesses located in Oaxaca, Mexico. This is a traditional sector in an emerging economy. Theoretical implications include the importance of environmental issues in competition as well as the applicability of this framework to the agricultural sector. Practical implications for small agricultural businesses are related to the effectiveness of environmental innovation in the enhancement of competitiveness through both cost reduction and value added.

International audience; The literature on empowerment in marketing has grown exponentially in the 2000s. This article provides a comprehensive review of the concept of consumer empowerment, which in prior research has given rise to a variety of work with sometimes contradictory theoretical frameworks. Consequently, research fragmentation on the one hand, and the lack of integrative framework uniting all facets of empowerment, on the other hand, justify this research. We carried out a review of more than 600 publications and books in various disciplines. As literature on consumer empowerment is traditionally published on Ebsco, this database was favored, then we've opened our study to other search engines (Elsevier, Web of Web of Science and Google Scholar).We conducted a research for articles with titles, keywords, or abstracts containing the terms "empowerment" and "consumer". From this research and identified references, we've selected 142 articles that we've studied in depth. Firstly, building on scholarly insights from multiple literature streams, this paper identifies three facets of empowerment (bestowing power, gaining power, and as a subjective state) and structures extant marketing research according to it. As a matter of fact, marketing literature related to consumer empowerment can be classified according to the three facets of empowerment: the literature on public policy and collaborative management practices illustrates the process of delegation of power by local authorities or companies to consumers, while the process of gaining power from the consumers' perspective focuses on resistance to market structures. Finally, empowerment as a subjective state, called « psychological empowerment », refers to the consumer « sense of empowerment » related to an extension of its resources and an easier access to information by Web 2.0. Secondly, an examination of foundational theories of power enables us to identify three models of power: the consumer sovereignty model, the cultural power model and the discursive power model. These three competing models deliver a different and complementary approach of the concept of empowerment and refer implicitly to the three facets of empowerment (bestowing power, gaining power, and power as a subjective state) discussed in this paper. Thirdly, linking the critical synthesis of empirical findings from marketing literature and theoretical approaches of power, we propose an integrated framework where future advancements on empowerment can be developed. This analysis reveals some limits associated with earlier research. We end by suggesting further directions of research to advance the theorization and empirical testing of empowerment.

This research conceptualizes revenue management as a specific strategic orientation—that is, the belief, and the processes that guide this belief, that revenue management leads to greater performance. As a first step, we propose REMANOR, a two-dimensional measure of revenue management orientation (RMO). Then, we investigate the impact of RMO on firm performance in the French hotel industry. The results show that RMO plays a mediating role in the relationship between market orientation and performance. The article also highlights the moderating role of customers' acceptance of revenue management practices on the RMO-performance relationship. The article concludes with the theoretical and managerial implications of the research.

International audience; Brand attachment shows significant effects on the adoption of behaviours in the profit domain. Surprisingly, however, this concept has not been tested in the non-profit context. Concepts such as brand image or brand personality have already been the subject of studies, but attachment to nonprofit brand remains a concept to be explored. This study proposes to fill this gap by testing the determinants and effects of attachment to the nonprofit brand on three pro-environmental behaviours. To this end, a study of 1160 supporters of an environmental NGO was carried out. This study leads to the identification of the formation of the concept of attachment to the nonprofit brand and the measurement of its effects. It also questions the effects of the concepts of nonprofit brand image and value orientations.

International audience

International audience; While the literature has mainly considered brand museums as communication tools or complex retail environments, this article analyses them through a heritage framework and suggests that brands can use heritage technologies of the arts for their own purposes. The case study of the brand museum of the Laughing Cow highlights the heritage technologies the brand uses to endorse two heritage roles: an inter-generational memory role based on the transmission of the brand's history and a community representation role through spaces and objects. As a consequence, this research sheds light on how brands can come to be accepted as heritage objects. By using heritage technologies within a museum, brands can capture heritage functions, and thus no longer fully rests in a market logic: the brand becomes a sacred and inalienable common good.

This research investigates the relevance of exchange norms in a business-to-consumer context and studies the impact of both relational and discrete norms on customer satisfaction in services. As existing scales focus only on relational norms and are mostly limited to business-to-business contexts, Study 1 ( n = 164) proposes measurement scales for seven exchanges norms adapted to a business-to-consumer context: Reciprocity, The Linking norms, Creation and restraint of power, Role integrity, Solidarity, Flexibility, and Effectuation of consent. Study 2 ( n = 295) tests the influence on these norms on customer satisfaction. The article demonstrates that exchange norms as a whole positively affect customer satisfaction and, more specifically, that relational norms explain satisfaction better than discrete norms. The findings also show that, contrary to customer relationship proneness, relationship duration moderates the link between exchange norms and customer satisfaction.

International audience; In this article we examine the relationship between environmentalstrategy and competitive advantage using natural-resource-based theory. We did a transverse-cut quantitative analysis on a sample of 80 small mezcal (distilled alcoholic beverage made from agave angustifolia haw) businesses in Oaxaca, Mexico. We used structural equations modeling for hypothesis testing; our results reveal a direct and positive relationship between environmental strategy and future positioning, and between environmental strategy and business partnerships. This implies that environmental strategies implemented by the palenquero (the owner or manager of a mezcal business) can generate competitive advantages in future positioning and partnerships, which improve business productivity and help preserve the natural environment.

International audience

International audience; The relationship between entrepreneurship and sustainable development has received considerable attention from academics and policymakers, as society searches for solutions leading to sustainability. The role of innovation and institutional quality in reaching sustainability goals is one of the key areas tackled by the current sustainable development debate, particularly in developing countries. Using a modified environmental Kuznets curve model, this study attempts to better improve our understanding of the critical roles of innovation, institutional quality, and entrepreneurship in the structural change toward a sustainable future in Africa. The empirical results show that both formal and informal entrepreneurship are conducive to less environmental quality and sustainability in 17 African countries where the contribution of informal entrepreneurship is much higher compared to the formal one. However, the relationship between entrepreneurship and sustainable development becomes strongly positive when the levels of innovation and institutional quality are higher. This research makes a contribution to this important emerging research area in that it clarifies conditions through which countries and firms in Africa can move toward more sustainable products and services. Formalizing the informal sector can lead to the improvement of the environmental and economic performance.

Little has been written about inequality within the base of the pyramid (BOP) and how this inequality offers different opportunities and challenges to detonate inclusive business innovation processes. This research contributes to the BOP literature by offering evidence of structural differences between urban and rural BOP based on unmet needs expressed by members of the BOP in both contexts. It can also be seen as a first approximation of the knowledge that multinational corporations, social entrepreneurs and policy makers need to detonate inclusive business innovation processes at the Mexican BOP. In-depth interviews were conducted with families, owners/people in charge of small businesses and government officials in ten different BOP communities randomly selected from each of the country’s five regions. The results provide relevant insights about unattended needs, consumption habits, and differences and similarities between urban and rural BOP communities, from which business opportunities might be discovered.

International audience

International audience; The paper investigates whether Southern Mediterranean and Middle Eastern markets under the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco, Malta, and Turkey) have become more financially integrated with the European stock market over time. The findings suggest that the Turkish equity market is moderately integrated with the European market, while the other economies exhibit weak financial integration with Europe, supporting the idea that the partnership appears to have no effect on enhancing inter-market linkages for these economies. Therefore, these markets would be good destinations for international investors seeking attractive investment opportunities to diversify their equity portfolios. Structural changes in the cross-market integration are found, which may be considered as a guide for international equity portfolio diversification over different subperiods. In addition, there is evidence of an increasing trend in conditional correlations for Egypt and Turkey, to varying degrees, over time, notably during the post global financial crisis of 2007-2008, thus revealing herding behavior during this period. Overall, investors should be wary of the variation of equity market integration over time before engaging in an investment at the level of portfolio management and diversification, and policymakers must be aware of the remoteness of the current achievements of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership from the targets set in terms of financial development and economic growth.

International audience

International audience

Purpose The starting point of the paper is the fact that customers participate in the logistics activities of the supply chain (SC) (Johnston, 1989; Granzin and Bahn, 1989). Having established that customers can and do participate in logistics, firms can consider transferring some of their logistics activities to/from their customer. The transfer can take two contrasting forms: outsourcing by the company of some logistics activities to its customers or insourcing by the company of some logistics activities from its customers. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to a theoretical understanding of these company/customer transfers. Design/methodology/approach To address this emerging issue, the authors build on the service management literature and on the study of two contrasting cases of transfer. The first (IKEA) examines the outsourcing of some logistics activities to the consumer. The second (AuchanDrive) examines the reverse process of insourcing. Findings Based on the service management literature and the two case studies, the authors develop a theoretical model for the transfer of logistics activities between a firm and its customers. The findings confirm several elements, such as the importance of managing customer participation and adapting service production during a transfer. Most importantly, the findings show that a key issue for a firm during a transfer is the need to redesign its SC in terms of transport, warehousing and production. The main contribution of the research therefore is showing that customer participation in logistics is a key variable in SC design. Research limitations/implications This research is based on the analysis of two cases. To generalise these results, further research needs to be conducted. Practical implications This research proposes recommendations to help managers and organisations to transfer some logistics activities to or from their customers. Originality/value The originality of the framework is that it considers both the company and its customers. This comprehensive approach establishes a link between supply chain management research and marketing.

Artisanal family businesses often use inputs from unsustainable sources and endanger many plant and animal species. Based on Sustainable Family Business Theory this study shows that environmental pressure perceived by the owning family leads the business to adopt quality practices because of the synergistic effects this kind of practices have with environmental issues, and that this relationship is fully mediated by the environmental values of the owning family. After addressing validity and reliability of measures based on survey data from artisanal family businesses in Guanajuato and Oaxaca, Mexico, path models are used for hypotheses testing. This research contributes to the literature by analyzing the effect of environmental pressures on the adoption of quality practices in artisanal family businesses, organizations that have no resources to obtain an ISO certification, as well as the mediator role of environmental values in the previous relationship.

International audience; This paper examines the effect of multiple large shareholders (MLS) on debt choice. Using a sample of 654 French-listed firms over the period 1998-2013, we find that reliance on bank debt increases with the presence and voting power of MLS. This result is robust to endogeneity concerns and to several sensitivity tests. Moreover, we find that the effect of MLS on debt choice is more pronounced when agency problems between controlling and minority shareholders are more severe. Taken together, our results suggest that MLS reduce the controlling owner's incentive to avoid bank monitoring, leading to greater reliance on bank debt.

International audience; Little is known about open innovation (OI) of small and medium- sized enterprises (SMEs) colocated in clusters, although these specific agglomerations seem to offer SMEs some fruitful opportunities for networking and open innovation. This chapter aims to fill this gap and contribute to a better understanding of the intermediate role of cluster governance in supporting open innovation practices of clustered SMEs. Following the framework of Lee et al. (2010) on open innovation intermediaries, we examine a single case study of the Technopole de l’Aube in the Champagne Region of France. We carried out 26 face-to-face semistructured interviews with techno- politan firms’ chief executive officers and governance’s members, between June 2014 and January 2015. Our findings highlight direct and indirect support for OI projects of the technopolitan SMEs. However, our case study also suggests that cluster governance has to pay more attention to the support of collaborative projects and to allocate additional resources for developing an organizational climate for OI.

International audience

Rang 2 CNRS, Rang A HCERES; International audience; Interactions between consumers and the servicescape favor value creation. To this regard, the potential influence of the servicescape on consumer service experience is of most importance. While consumers have been perceived as active and willing to co-create value, this research shows that this is not the case when the servicescape triggers inferences of manipulative intent (IMI) and consumers consequently exhibit lower shopping intentions. In particular, in a context where the literature has overlooked how incongruency may affect IMI, this research focuses on how consumers react when the evocations driven from the servicescape contradict product properties. More specifically, this research investigates how discrepancies between (1) the actual properties of the merchandise and (2) those that are driven by the servicescape lead to IMI and subsequent shopping intentions. Results from an experiment demonstrate that when the evoked and actual properties of the merchandise are incongruent, consumers tend to infer that the servicescape is manipulative, resulting in a decrease in shopping intentions.

This article considers the store as a place of learning and builds on institutional theory to examine whether the implementation of educational activities in the store environment has a positive effect on consumer perceptions of retailer legitimacy and whether such legitimacy in turn has positive effects on shopping intentions. Findings from a study conducted in a real retail setting reveal that although in-store activities do not exert main effects on legitimacy and shopping intentions, corporate attributions play a major role. Precisely, the value that consumers derive from practicing an in-store educational activity increase retailer legitimacy and shopping intentions only when consumers do not perceive any corporate goals behind the implementation of the activity. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.

International audience; This research investigates the concept of closeness in retailing. While previous research on closeness has tended to adopt only consumers' point of view, in-depth interviews with managers and customers of a French supermarket chain show that both parties interpret and define closeness differently. Analysis reveals that “store closeness” comprises a complex set of meanings that are not limited to a geographical notion but rather encompass functional, relational, and integration notions. Furthermore, retailers define store closeness very broadly, which contributes to nurturing their positioning but also leads them to idealize their role in the marketplace. In contrast, consumers’ definition of store closeness is more limited and mainly focuses on the functional features of the store, thus highlighting a discrepancy between retailers’ sense-giving and consumers’ sense-making.

International audience