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The cultivation of alfalfa is crucial for farmers as it is an excellent forage crop with a high nitrogen-fixing capacity, making it indispensable in crop rotations. Breeding programs face challenges in advancing more rapidly in genetic diversity to achieve a higher heterosis effect and, consequently, greater yield. In this study, we used 30 alfalfa varieties, which were used for molecular analyses by 5 ISSR primers and 13 RAPD primers. The results obtained highlighted the greater efficiency of ISSR primers in identifying genetic diversity. On the other hand, the simultaneous use of ISSR + RAPD allowed for clearer clustering of varieties that enabled more efficiently distinguishing the genetic diversity. The most efficient ISSR primer, A17, generated 31 polymorphic bands, while the most efficient RAPD primer, L-07, generated only 21 bands. Varieties such as "Pastoral" and "F1413-02" exhibited low similarity coefficients (0.39), suggesting their potential for enhancing genetic variability through crossbreeding, thereby increasing the potential of achieving a greater heterosis effect. Conversely, varieties with high similarity coefficients, such as "Cristal" and "Viking" (0.81) are less suited for this purpose. The correlation between specific markers highlights that using both ISSR and RAPD markers together offers a clear understanding of genetic diversity in alfalfa, aiding in more effective selection for crossbreeding in breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici has become an increasing threat for wheat crops worldwide. In Romania, stripe rust showed in 2023 increased adaptation to higher temperatures and different virulence at various sites. We analyzed the response to this new stripe rust variant of twelve winter wheat cultivars released by the National Agricultural Research & Development Institute Fundulea - Romania and one historical check, at six locations that reported higher attacks in 2023. Cultivars showed significantly different disease scores, ranging from resistant to very susceptible. Four of the five resistant cultivars were related and probably carry the same resistance gene(s) and only one had a different genealogy. All the other eight cultivars were medium-susceptible and susceptible. This underlines the need for more diversity of resistance to stripe rust in the breeding program. Resistance gene Yr18, present in two of the tested cultivars did not offer a sufficient protection against stripe rust. Average grain yield was significantly correlated with stripe rust scores averaged over the six sites (r=-0.85). However, cultivars with similar disease scores had different yields, as illustrated by large deviations from the regression of yields on stripe rust scores. These deviations might reflect differences in yielding potential and/or in tolerance to the disease. Cumulating these traits with genetic resistance deserves attention in breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triticale is the first synthetic cereal, the result of the cross between wheat (Triticum sp.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) being one of the greatest achivements obtained by man and a hardy crop with prolific growth and adaptation to various enviromental conditions that has been grown worldwide mainly for human food consumption and animal feed. The researches were performed in Agricultural Research-Development Station Lovrin during 2019 year, which is located in the northwest side of Banat, at almost equal distances from the cities of Timisoara and Arad (45-50 km). Biological material was composed of 10 varieties of autumn triticale (Plai, Titan, Stil, Haiduc, Negoiu, Pisc, Tulnic, Cascador, Utrifun and Vifor), that were created at National Agricultural Research and Development Institute Fundulea. In general, the studied varieties realise productions close to the average experience with insignificant differences. The amplitude of variability in the 10 triticale genotypes was 1133 kg/ha. The largest increases in production compared to the average experience was recorded in the varieties Plai (497 kg/ha) and Stil (330 kg/ha), without reaching the level of statistical assurance. According to the test of multiple comparisons, it results that any genotypes do it show significant differences in terms of triticale production, but are part of the same homogenity class A. The variation of production in the 10 triticale varieties under study was between 4177 kg/ha and 5300 kg/ha. The analysis of the yield was made by the perspective of yield elements (plant heigh, number of spike/m 2, spike lenght, number of spikelets in spike, spike weight, grain weight and number of grains in spike) and how they influence the yield capacity of the autumn triticale varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soybean is the most important source of protein known to mankind; it is also one of the cheapest and most readily available sources of protein with high nutritional value, similar to animal proteins. Soybean is the first place in the legumes group, because of its high protein content and the fat, lecithin, vitamins and enzymes it contains, and it is hard to find another plant that in such a short time or able to synthesize such a large amount of valuable substances. This paper addresses the influence of mineral fertilization on the protein and oil content of the Felix variety, the ARDS Turda creation. The research was carried out at ARDS Lovrin, on a typical chernozem, in a long-term fertilizing experience. The role of unilateral and combined fertilization with nitrogen and phosphorus was studied. The doses of nitrogen administered were N0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and doses of phosphorus P0, 40, 80, 120, 160. By combining these doses have resulted 25 experimental variants. The obtained results were interpreted by the variant analysis method. The value of the protein increases with increasing fertilizer doses to a certain level after which here is a capping. The lowest percentage of the protein is recorded in the control, unfertilized variant, 32.4%, and the highest by the combined application of the two types of fertilizer, in the variant N75P120 - 41.4%. The study of the fat content in the Felix variety revealed that the best results were obtained under the conditions of the interaction between the two studied macroelements, with the highest recorded value of 20.15%. Analyzing the results we can state that the percentage of protein and oil increase with increasing doses of nitrogen administered, are relatively constant in case of unilateral application of phosphorus and achieves the highest values for the combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper aims to analyze the behavior of twenty-five Romanian wheat varieties and perspective lines, in the process of homologation, in terms of the yields of the grains obtained in the agricultural year 2016-2017 at SCDA Lovrin. The climatic year 2016-2017 was an excellent year due to the fact that sowing was done late in autumn, and emergence of the plants occurred in the spring, which determined the specific reactions of the wheat varieties, expressed in the productions as well as in morphological characters. Variance analysis revealed differences between the twentyfive varieties studied, with climatic conditions in this period having significant effects on the behavior of studied wheat varieties. The average production of the studied genotypes ranged between 7917 kg/ha at the Viteaz prospecting wheat variety, and 4958 kg/ha 11424G-1 the winter wheat prospecting variety, and the coefficient of variation had the lowest values for perspective winter wheat Pitar, Pajura, Signal and 11424G-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gliadin-glutenin ratio is considered one of the quality factors of the flour. This paper proposes an analysis of the influence of chemical fertilizers with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, applied both singly and in interaction on this quality element. The research was carried out at Agricultural Research and Developement Statin Lovrin, on the wheat variety Ciprian. The results of the research highlight the major role of fertilizer combinations on the gliadin-glutenin ratio. If, in the case of unilateral application of the three types of fertilizer, both the gliadin / glutenin ratio and the proportion of the two gluten protein components indicated a poor or good gluten quality, by combined application of fertilizers with nitrogen and phosphorus and, especially, those with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the gluten quality is very good. There is a significant negative correlation between unilaterally applied nitrogen fertilizers and gliadin glutenin ratio (r = -0.84 *). The correlation between nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the gliadin glutenin ratio is significantly negative, statistically assured at α = 1% (r = -0.99 **). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increased interest cultivation of mustard (Sinapis alba) in our country, as evidenced by the significant growth areas and in recent years has led us to address a number of scientific investigations and practical importance. When establishing research objectives were taken into account, on the one hand by the fact that in our country, research on this species are exclusively related to culture technology, on the other hand, the fact that this species is globally little studied in genetically. The main objective of our research was the establishing the general and specific combinatory ability in order to choose the best genitors and to forecast the most valuable hybrid combinations on the ground of the analysis of the first generation. We studied plant size, which compared with the parental forms based on the analysis of the first generation hybrids achieved most values close to their average. The incomplete dominance was associated with the small size of the plants in the F1 generation of hybrids. From the point of view of the proportion of dominant or recessive alleles (i.e. positive or negative), parental forms ranged into distinct groups. These differences were due to the action of the environmental factors that made different gene groups detain the main role in the control of the studied features. Thus, we could see that dominance is associated with negative alleles and recessiveness with positive alleles for plant size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of long-term experience with different fertilizers is to highlight the relationships established between them, yield formation and changes that occur in the soil. Two types of factors contribute to these objectives: pedoclimatic factors and technological ones. Among the technological factors, fertilization is a key element in shaping the quality and quantity of the crop and soil. This paper aims to analyze the influence of different doses of nitrogen- and phosphorus-based fertilizers on rape yield, between 2014 - 2016.The studies were performed in stationary experiences placed in a four years rotation: soybean - wheat - rape-corn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of the annual legumes (vetches)in mixtures with cereals for forage as winter crops is a rational way of using the land surface and to improve the seedbed for the spring cash crop. This forage cropping system is encouraged by the agricultural policies from the E.U. because it contributes to the preservation and improvement of soil fertility. The goal of this work is to assess some forage features of several mixture variants of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) and cereals with different participation rates of the legume and cereals. The cereals used in this research were four genotypes of wheat (Alex, Ciprian, Crişana and line 6111), two oat genotypes (Sorin and line 2515), one barley variety (Ametist) and one Triticosecale variety (Haiduc). The researches were developed at the Station of Agricultural Research and Development from Lovrin (Timiș County, Romania) on a chernozem soil. The considered participation rates of the hairy vetch -- cereals seed mixtures were 2:1 and 1:2, there being used 16 mixture variants. The forage features analysed were fresh fodder yield, dry matter yield, dry matter content, crude protein yield and crude protein content. The forage obtained in the case of early harvesting of hairy vetch mixtures with triticale have the best results as fresh fodder yield. Grater yields of the hairy vetch mixtures with other cereals can be obtained also by later harvesting compared with triticale mixture, respectively (1-2 weeks). Winter crop forage mixtures of hairy vetch with cereals are a great option for livestock feeding with fresh fodder early in spring. The proportion of vetch and cereal in mixture had a great influence on the dry matter yield and crude protein yield and this can be managed by the farmer according with the nutritional needs of his livestock. The use of annual legumes - cereals mixtures as winter crop has numerous benefits from productive and ecological points of view because they act as a cover crop and after harvesting of the fresh fodder the remains are improving the growing condition for the following crop by increasing of soil N content, organic matter content in soil, porosity, percolation etc.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After a somewhat long period in which agricultural production was a priority, the issue of wheat quality is again in actuality. To obtain high quality crops, besides the wheat varieties sown, a fundamental contribution rests in fertilization culture. The nitrogen and phosphorus from chemical fertilizers, individually but especially while interacting, contribute to the accumulation of protein and gluten in wheat caryopsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maize (Zea mays L.) is cultivated all over the world (Bălan, 2017) due to its multiple uses in human nutrition, in the feeding of animals subjected to fattening (Cojocariu, 2005), in the starch, alcohol, oil, biofuel and some industries. cosmetics (Pîrvulescu et al., 2008, Ram Reddy and Jabeen, 2016). The expansion of maize cultivation in Europe is due not only to its nutritional qualities but also to its characteristics: high resistance to drought, fall, to some diseases and pests, a good use of fertilizers and water. The paper aims to assess the degree of similarity / diversity for a set of maize hybrids, obtained from inbred lines created at the Agricultural Research and Development Station Lovrin, regarding the production of stas / hectare kernels, under the given conditions, in order to select valuable hybrids, drought resistant. Twenty maize hybrids were analyzed as biological material, the experiment being arranged according to randomized blocks, with a density of 50,000 plants per ha-1. The analyzed maize hybrids had a different behavior, in response to climatic factors specific to 2020, the maximum value being recorded for the hybrid C20-7020 (10731 kg.ha-1). The mentioned hybrid differs significantly from the other ones, registering an increase of 37% compared to the experience average. The hybrid C18-7018 with a production of 9204 kg.ha-1 stas kernels is also approaching the maximum value. The results regarding the production of stas kernels per hectare for hybrids, classify the 20 maize hybrids studied on the basis of similarity in three classes. Maize breeding program, an applied and avantgarde science, has first-rate tasks in the future in order to create productive hybrids, adapted to the environmental conditions - respectively to the drought during the summer months specific to the studied area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of the research on nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization over the gluten quality to the winter wheat. The research was carried out between 2015-2016 at the Agricultural Research Station Lovrin, in a long-term experience with chemical fertilizers. Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, both alone and in interaction, directly influence the quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). From the total protein, gluten proteins have the most important role in ensuring the rheological properties of the dough. In this work, we highlight the influence of chemical fertilizers on the accumulation of gliadins and glutenins, HMW and LMW-glutenin subunits and on the gliadin-glutenin ratio. The nitrogen doses used are 30.60.90,120 kg active substance N / ha, applied to a phosphorus support 80 kg P2O5/ ha. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both for winter and spring barley, for the main area of use - brewing - of particular importance is their quality. The main elements of quality under the influence of fertilization were followed in eight varieties of winter and spring barley in two areas with different climatic conditions, Timişoara and Mizieş - Bihor. Were determined: dry matter, starch, crude protein, fat, ash, power of germination (germination energy), extract. The research was conducted in two areas with different climatic conditions, Timişoara and Mizieş - Bihor. In both centers, four varieties of spring barley were studied: Aspen, Adonis, Penellope and Hanca and four varieties of winter barley: Laura, Trasko, Plaissant and Clarine. The research aimed to determine the influence of fertilization on yields. Four variants of fertilization were used: N48P48K48;N48P48K48 + PlantfertU;N48P48K48 + MicrofertU andN48P48K48 + TerraSorb. The variantN48P48K48 was used as control. Foliar fertilizers were applied during vegetation before earing. Research shows that both the studied varieties and the fertilization variants strongly influence the quality of barley. The results show that climatic conditions are essential not only for production but also for its quality, the qualitative values are different in the two research centers. In Timisoara in 2005-2007 grains protein content (raw material) to the four studied varieties are within 8.37 and 9.44. Compared to dry substance, the range of protein content is between 7.51 and 8.45%. Under the influence of the agrofond, protein content of barley and two-row barley grains varies between 8.84% on the agrofond where foliar fertilizer Terra Sorb Foliar was used overlapped on a basic agrofond N48P48K48 and 9.14 on the agrofond N48P48K48 - without foliar fertilization. Analysis of protein content in barley and two-row barley grains (raw material) in the interaction between the experimental factors (variety x agrofond) is found that commonly at all barley and two-row barley studied varieties, foliar fertilizers causes a lower protein content than the one made on witness agrofond N48P48K48. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]