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6. Retraction, Free Speech, and Editorial Ethics: A Defense of the Retraction of Lawrence M. Mead's 'Poverty and Culture'

Author

Gordon, Daniel

Subjects
Poverty and Culture (Nonfiction work), Journalistic ethics -- Analysis, Newspapers -- Corrections, Freedom of speech -- Analysis, College teachers -- Works, Social sciences
Abstract

The article is a defense of the retraction of Lawrence M. Mead's 'Poverty and Culture' from the journal Society in 2020. Four reasons for retraction are adduced: the unreliable content; the faulty review process; the redundancy of the article in relation to previous articles by Mead; and the defamation of racial and national groups. The article discusses the ethics of retraction in general, arguing that retraction is an indispensable procedure for correcting errors and maintaining high academic standards. The article also seeks to allay the apprehension that retraction is contrary to the spirit of free speech. Since a statement of retraction is a form of discourse and an exercise of academic judgment by the editors, retraction is an instance, not a violation, of free speech., Author(s): Daniel Gordon [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.266683.f, 0000 0001 2166 5835, University of Massachusetts Amherst, , Amherst, MA, USA Background on the Mead Retraction On July 21, 2020, Society [...]

Published
2023
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7. The Eighteenth Century

Author

Gordon, Daniel, Bukovansky, Mlada, book editor, Keene, Edward, book editor, Reus-Smit, Christian, book editor, and Spanu, Maja, book editor

Published
2023
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8. Exoskeleton-assisted locomotion : design, control and evaluation of wearable robotic devices

Author

Gordon, Daniel, Vijayakumar, Sethu, and Mistry, Michael

Abstract

Assistive robotic devices such as exoskeletons and prosthetic limbs have great potential as tools for both augmentation and rehabilitation. However, due to the complexity of controlling these devices, especially in unstructured environments where factors such as walking speed and incline can vary rapidly, it is uncommon to see exoskeletons outside of a clinical or research setting. Prostheses, whilst more common, are typically passive, which limits their ability to match the push off forces associated with healthy gait. Motivated by modern techniques for controlling legged robots, this thesis motivates the pursuit of an optimisation-based approach to the control and design of exoskeletons. We identify a number of open problems within the field, namely (1) how to model the dynamic interaction between a human subject and an attached exoskeleton; (2) identifying the appropriate metric or combination of metrics to optimise for in exoskeleton-assisted locomotion; and (3) how to account for changes in human walking style induced by the presence of external assistive forces. This thesis details attempts to solve each of these problems. We present a methodology for expressing human-exoskeleton system models as a combination of musculoskeletal models, exoskeleton inertial parameters and constraint forces. A specific human-exoskeleton model is detailed, along with a range of methods for modelling the interaction forces which occur at the attachment points between the human and exoskeleton agents. Experimental motion data is analysed using musculoskeletal modelling software (OpenSim) to quantify the effect that each of these interaction models, which represent various degrees of approximation, have on the resulting humanexoskeleton dynamics. Applying exoskeleton assistance is inherently a shared control problem. The overall goal is not to achieve a prescribed motion at any cost, or to do so while minimising exoskeleton joint torques, but rather to enhance aspects of the assisted humans motions; for example, increasing energy efficiency or stability. Therefore, in order to optimise exoskeleton control patterns we must first consider what it means for the resultant gait patterns to be optimal, or even good. We present a detailed analysis of exoskeleton-assisted walking in healthy subjects, with a particular focus on identifying those metrics which are invariant to changes in walking condition (e.g. walking speed or incline). We posit that such metrics, which exhibit strong invariance properties, are good candidates for the objective function of an optimisation-based controller. Human walking strategies are unique and complex, and the problem of predicting the effect of exoskeleton assistance on a subjects gait pattern is a challenging one. In recent years, success has been had by methods which aim to learn suitable assistance strategies directly from a subject, via a process known as human-in-the-loop optimisation. We present a novel humanin- the-loop framework which utilises musculoskeletal modelling to make the learning process more time-efficient. Our method is evaluated on a number of subjects walking on a treadmill with exoskeleton assistance. In addition, we also explore how human-in-the-loop optimisation can be used to inform the design of exoskeletons to enhance their assistive capabilities. Overall, these contributions represent a step towards enabling the wider usage of exoskeletons and other assistive robotic devices, which could lead to significant improvements to quality of life for many.

Published
2021
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9. Pathways to Anti-Liberalism: A Report on NatCon2, Orlando, 2021

Author

Gordon, Daniel

Subjects
Conservatism -- Conferences, meetings and seminars, Conferences and conventions -- Analysis, Social sciences
Abstract

This article provides an eyewitness account of the National Conservatism conference held in Orlando in 2021. The ideas of Peter Thiel, Glenn Loury, Yoram Hazony, and Sohrab Ahmari are discussed. The strengths and contradictions of National Conservatism are analyzed. Particular attention is given to how some of the leading figures in National Conservatism describe their personal pathway to anti-liberalism., Author(s): Daniel Gordon [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.266683.f, 0000 0001 2166 5835, University of Massachusetts, , Amherst, USA [Displayed Quote]It seems that it was only a few years ago that [...]

Published
2022
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10. Quassim Cassam: Extremism: A Philosophical Analysis

Author

Gordon, Daniel

Subjects
Extremism: A Philosophical Analysis (Nonfiction work) -- Criticism and interpretation, Radicalism -- Analysis, Authors -- Criticism and interpretation -- Works, Social sciences
Abstract

Author(s): Daniel Gordon [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.266683.f, 0000 0001 2166 5835, University of Massachusetts Amherst, , Amherst, MA, USA [Displayed Quote]But though I was initially disappointed at being categorized [...]

Published
2022
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12. Developing a Diagnostic Multivariable Prediction Model for Urinary Tract Cancer in Patients Referred with Haematuria: Results from the IDENTIFY Collaborative Study

Author

Chaudry, Aasem, Sharma, Abhishek, Bennett, Adam, Ahmad, Adnan, Abroaf, Ahmed, Suliman, Ahmed Musa, Lloyd, Aimee, McKay, Alastair, Wong, Albert, Silva, Alberto, Schneider, Alexandre, MacKay, Alison, Knight, Allen, Grigorakis, Alkiviadis, Bdesha, Amar, Nagle, Amy, Cebola, Ana, Dhanasekaran, Ananda Kumar, Kondža, Andraž, Barcelos, André, Galosi, Andrea Benedetto, Ebur, Andrea, Minervini, Andrea, Russell, Andrew, Webb, Andrew, de Jalón, Ángel García, Desai, Ankit, Czech, Anna Katarzyna, Mainwaring, Anna, Adimonye, Anthony, Das, Arighno, Figueiredo, Arnaldo, Villers, Arnauld, Leminski, Artur, Chippagiri, Arvinda, Lal, Asim Ahmed, Yıldırım, Asıf, Voulgaris, Athanasios Marios, Uzan, Audrey, Oo, Aye Moh Moh, Younis, Ayman, Zelhof, Bachar, Mukhtar, Bashir, Ayres, Ben, Challacombe, Ben, Sherwood, Benedict, Ristau, Benjamin, Lai, Billy, Nellensteijn, Brechtje, Schreiter, Brielle, Trombetta, Carlo, Dowling, Catherine, Hobbs, Catherine, Benitez, Cayo Augusto Estigarribia, Lebacle, Cédric, Ho, Cherrie Wing Yin, Ng, Chi-Fai, Mount, Chloe, Lam, Chon Meng, Blick, Chris, Brown, Christian, Gallegos, Christopher, Higgs, Claire, Browne, Clíodhna, McCann, Conor, Plaza Alonso, Cristina, Beder, Daniel, Cohen, Daniel, Gordon, Daniel, Wilby, Daniel, Gordon, Danny, Hrouda, David, Lau, David Hua Wu, Karsza, Dávid, Mak, David, Martin-Way, David, Suthaharan, Denula, Patel, Dhruv, Carrion, Diego M, Nyanhongo, Donald, Bass, Edward, Mains, Edward, Chau, Edwin, Canelon Castillo, Elba, Day, Elizabeth, Desouky, Elsayed, Gaines, Emily, Papworth, Emma, Yuruk, Emrah, Kilic, Enes, Dinneen, Eoin, Palagonia, Erika, Xylinas, Evanguelos, Khawaja, Faizan, Cimarra, Fernando, Bardet, Florian, Kum, Francesca, Peters, Francesca, Kovács, Gábor, Tanasescu, Geroge, Hellawell, Giles, Tasso, Giovanni, Lam, Gitte, La Montagna, Giuseppe, Pizzuto, Giuseppe, Lenart, Gordan, MacLennan, Graeme, Özgür, Günal, Bi, Hai, Lyons, Hannah, Warren, Hannah, Ahmed, Hashim, Simpson, Helen, Burden, Helena, Gresty, Helena, Rios Pita, Hernado, Clarke, Holly, Serag, Hosam, Kynaston, Howard, Crawford-Smith, Hugh, Mostafid, Hugh, Otaola-Arca, Hugo, Koo, Hui Fen, Ibrahim, Ibrahim, Ouzaid, Idir, Puche-Sanz, Ignacio, Tomašković, Igor, Tinay, Ilker, Sahibzada, Iqbal, Thangasamy, Isaac, Cadena, Iván Revelo, Irani, Jacques, Udzik, Jakub, Brittain, James, Catto, James, Green, James, Tweedle, James, Hernando, Jamie Borrego, Leask, Jamie, Kalsi, Jas, Frankel, Jason, Toniolo, Jason, Raman, Jay D., Courcier, Jean, Kumaradeevan, Jeevan, Clark, Jennifer, Jones, Jennifer, Teoh, Jeremy Yuen-Chun, Iacovou, John, Kelly, John, Selph, John P., Aning, Jonathan, Deeks, Jon, Cobley, Jonathan, Olivier, Jonathan, Maw, Jonny, Herranz-Yagüe, José Antonio, Nolazco, Jose Ignacio, Cózar-Olmo, Jose Manuel, Bagley, Joseph, Jelski, Joseph, Norris, Joseph, Testa, Joseph, Meeks, Joshua, Hernandez, Juan, Vásquez, Juan Luis, Randhawa, Karen, Dhera, Karishma, Gronostaj, Katarzyna, Houlton, Kathleen, Lehman, Kathleen, Gillams, Kathryn, Adasonla, Kelvin, Brown, Kevin, Murtagh, Kevin, Mistry, Kiki, Davenport, Kim, Kitamura, Kosuke, Derbyshire, Laura, Clarke, Laurence, Morton, Lawrie, Martinez, Levin, Goldsmith, Louise, Paramore, Louise, Cormier, Luc, Dell'Atti, Lucio, Simmons, Lucy, Martinez-Piñeiro, Luis, Rico, Luis, Chan, Luke, Forster, Luke, Ma, Lulin, Moore, Madeline, Gallego, Maria Camacho, Freire, Maria José, Emberton, Mark, Feneley, Mark, Antón-Juanilla, Marta, Rivero, Marta Viridiana Muñoz, Pirša, Matea, Tallè, Matteo, Crockett, Matthew, Liew, Matthew, Trail, Matthew, Peters, Max, Cooper, Meghan, Kulkarni, Meghana, Ager, Michael, He, Ming, Li, Mo, Omran Breish, Mohamed, Tarin, Mohamed, Aldiwani, Mohammed, Matanhelia, Mudit, Pasha, Muhammad, Akalın, Mustafa Kaan, Abdullah, Nasreen, Hale, Nathan, Gadiyar, Neha, Kocher, Neil, Bullock, Nicholas, Campain, Nicholas, Pavan, Nicola, Al-Ibraheem, Nihad, Bhatt, Nikita, Bedi, Nishant, Shrotri, Nitin, Lobo, Niyati, Balderas, Olga, Kouli, Omar, Capoun, Otakar, Oteo Manjavacas, Pablo, Gontero, Paolo, Mariappan, Paramananthan, Marchiñena, Patricio Garcia, Erotocritou, Paul, Sweeney, Paul, Planelles, Paula, Acher, Peter, Black, Peter C., Osei-Bonsu, Peter K, Østergren, Peter, Smith, Peter, Willemse, Peter-Paul Michiel, Chlosta, Piotr L., Ul Ain, Qurrat, Barratt, Rachel, Esler, Rachel, Khalid, Raihan, Hsu, Ray, Stamirowski, Remigiusz, Mangat, Reshma, Cruz, Ricardo, Ellis, Ricky, Adams, Robert, Hessell, Robert, Oomen, Robert J.A., McConkey, Robert, Ritchie, Robert, Jarimba, Roberto, Chahal, Rohit, Andres, Rosado Mario, Hawkins, Rosalyn, David, Rotimi, Manecksha, Rustom P., Agrawal, Sachin, Hamid, Syed Sami, Deem, Samuel, Goonewardene, Sanchia, Swami, Satchi Kuchibhotla, Hori, Satoshi, Khan, Shahid, Mohammud Inder, Shakeel, Sangaralingam, Shanthi, Marathe, Shekhar, Raveenthiran, Sheliyan, Horie, Shigeo, Sengupta, Shomik, Parson, Sian, Parker, Sidney, Hawlina, Simon, Williams, Simon, Mazzoli, Simone, Grzegorz Kata, Slawomir, Pinheiro Lopes, Sofia, Ramos, Sónia, Rai, Sonpreet, Rintoul-Hoad, Sophie, O'Meara, Sorcha, Morris, Steve, Turner, Stacey, Venturini, Stefano, Almpanis, Stephanos, Joniau, Steven, Jain, Sunjay, Mallett, Susan, Nikles, Sven, Shahzad, Yan, Sylvia, Lee, Taeweon, Uçar, Taha, Drake, Tamsin, Toma, Tarq, Cabañuz Plo, Teresa, Bonnin, Thierry, Muilwijk, Tim, Wollin, Tim, Chu, Timothy Shun Man, Appanna, Timson, Brophy, Tom, Ellul, Tom, Austin, Tomas, Smrkolj, Tomaž, Rowe, Tracey, Sukhu, Troy, Patel, Trushar, Garg, Tullika, Çaşkurlu, Turhan, Bele, Uros, Haroon, Usman, Crespo-Atín, Víctor, Parejo Cortes, Victor, Capapé Poves, Victoria, Gnanapragasam, Vincent, Gauhar, Vineet, During, Vinnie, Kumar, Vivek, Fiala, Vojtech, Mahmalji, Wasim, Lam, Wayne, Fung Chin, Yew, Filtekin, Yigit, Chyn Phan, Yih, Ibrahim, Youssed, Glaser, Zachary A, Abiddin, Zainal Adwin, Qin, Zijian, Zotter, Zsuzsanna, Zainuddin, Zulkifli, Khadhouri, Sinan, Gallagher, Kevin M., MacKenzie, Kenneth R., Shah, Taimur T., Gao, Chuanyu, Moore, Sacha, Zimmermann, Eleanor F., Edison, Eric, Jefferies, Matthew, Nambiar, Arjun, Anbarasan, Thineskrishna, Mannas, Miles P., Marra, Giancarlo, Gómez Rivas, Juan, Marcq, Gautier, Assmus, Mark A., Claps, Francesco, Boltri, Matteo, Burnhope, Tara, Nkwam, Nkwam, Boxall, Nicholas E., Downey, Alison P., Sukhu, Troy A., Chin, Yew-Fung, Green, James S.A., Goulao, Beatriz, Nielsen, Matthew, McGrath, John S., and Kasivisvanathan, Veeru

Published
2022
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15. What is Academic Freedom? : A Century of Debate, 1915-Present

Author

Gordon, Daniel

Subjects
Social Science / Sociology
Abstract

This book explores the history of the debate, from 1915 to the present, about the meaning of academic freedom, particularly as concerns political activism on the college campus. The book introduces readers to the origins of the modern research university in the United States, the professionalization of the role of the university teacher, and the rise of alternative conceptions of academic freedom challenging the professional model and radicalizing the image of the university. Leading thinkers on the subject of academic freedom—Arthur Lovejoy, Angela Davis, Alexander Meiklejohn, Edward W. Said, among others—spring to life. What is the relationship between freedom of speech and academic freedom? Should communists be allowed to teach? What constitutes unacceptable political "indoctrination" in the classroom? What are the implications for academic freedom of creating Black Studies and Women's Studies departments? Do academic boycotts, such as those directed against Israel, violate the spirit of academic freedom? The book provides the context for these debates. Instead of opining as a judge, the author discloses the legal, philosophical, political, and semantic disagreements in each controversy. The book will appeal to readers across the social sciences and humanities with interests in scholarly freedom and academic life.

Published
2022

16. Kenneth S. Stern, The Conflict Over the Conflict: The Israel/Palestine Campus Debate

Author

Gordon, Daniel

Subjects
The Conflict Over the Conflict: The Israel/Palestine Campus Debate (Nonfiction work) -- Stern, Kenneth S., Books -- Book reviews, Social sciences
Abstract

Author(s): Daniel Gordon [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.266683.f, 0000 0001 2166 5835, Department of History, University of Massachusetts, , Amherst, MA, USA Important for its topic, this book is even [...]

Published
2021
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18. Between Populist Anti-intellectualism and Leftist Messianism: An Interview with Bruno Chaouat

Author

Gordon, Daniel and Hess, Andreas

Subjects
Social sciences
Abstract

In this interview, Bruno Chaouat discusses Donald Trump, anti-Americanism, the tradition of laïcité, the preoccupation with safe spaces in American higher education, the impact of French literary theory on the American academy, the reception of Critical Race Theory in France, French intellectual antisemitism, and other topics. He criticizes recent developments in French and American theory while also highlighting some of the promising new developments in French literary scholarship as practiced both in France and the US. Throughout the interview, Chaouat articulates the shortcomings of current ideologies on the Right and Left and the need for independent thinking about contemporary social problems., Author(s): Bruno Chaouat [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.17635.36, 0000000419368657, University of Minnesota, , Minneapolis, USA Daniel Gordon and Andreas Hess (editors in chief of Society ): You were born in [...]

Published
2021
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20. What is Academic Freedom?

Author

Gordon, Daniel

Subjects
academic freedom, activism, gender, higher education, history, indoctrination, politicization, politics, purpose, radical politics, research university, rights, sociology, teaching, USA, bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology
Abstract

This book explores the history of the debate, from 1915 to the present, about the meaning of academic freedom, particularly as concerns political activism on the college campus. The book introduces readers to the origins of the modern research university in the United States, the professionalization of the role of the university teacher, and the rise of alternative conceptions of academic freedom challenging the professional model and radicalizing the image of the university. Leading thinkers on the subject of academic freedom—Arthur Lovejoy, Angela Davis, Alexander Meiklejohn, Edward W. Said, among others—spring to life. What is the relationship between freedom of speech and academic freedom? Should communists be allowed to teach? What constitutes unacceptable political "indoctrination" in the classroom? What are the implications for academic freedom of creating Black Studies and Women's Studies departments? Do academic boycotts, such as those directed against Israel, violate the spirit of academic freedom? The book provides the context for these debates. Instead of opining as a judge, the author discloses the legal, philosophical, political, and semantic disagreements in each controversy. The book will appeal to readers across the social sciences and humanities with interests in scholarly freedom and academic life.

Published
2022
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21. Edmund Fawcett: Conservatism: The Fight for a Tradition

Author

Gordon, Daniel

Subjects
Conservatism: The Fight for a Tradition (Nonfiction work) -- Fawcett, Edmund, Books -- Book reviews, Social sciences
Abstract

Author(s): Daniel Gordon [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.266683.f, 0000 0001 2184 9220, University of Massachusetts Amherst, , Amherst, MA, USA Edmund Fawcett worked at The Economist (1973-2003) as chief correspondent [...]

Published
2021
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24. The Firing of Angela Davis at UCLA, 1969-1970: Communism, Academic Freedom, and Freedom of Speech

Author

Gordon, Daniel

Subjects
Freedom of speech -- Analysis, Communism -- Educational aspects -- Analysis -- United States, Academic freedom -- Analysis, College teachers -- Appointments, resignations and dismissals, Universities and colleges -- Officials and employees -- United States, University autonomy -- Analysis, Teaching, Freedom of -- Analysis, Social sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz -- Officials and employees
Abstract

In 1969, the Board of Regents of the University of California fired Angela Davis for her membership in the Communist Party. The subsequent legal case illustrates an apparent paradox: the legal system's protection of her First Amendment rights did not preclude dismissing her for her speech. Broadly speaking, since the 1960s, the Supreme Court has been consistent in upholding freedom of speech as a central constitutional value. What remains contested and unresolved is the scope of academic freedom--something which universities, not the courts, are responsible for defining. The Davis case, which was saturated with competing conceptions of academic freedom, can serve as a textbook for understanding the structure of debate about this topic., Author(s): Daniel Gordon [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.266683.f, 0000 0001 2184 9220, University of Massachusetts Amherst, , 01003, Amherst, MA, USA On September 19, 1969, the Board of Regents of [...]

Published
2020
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27. Effective removal of gadolinium with hemodialysis in a dog with severe acute on chronic kidney injury.

Author

Gordon, Daniel S. and Langston, Cathy E.

Subjects
*MAGNETIC resonance imaging, *CHRONIC kidney failure, *ACUTE kidney failure, *CONTRAST media, *CENTRAL nervous system
Abstract

Objective: To describe the use of intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) to remove gadolinium (28.1 mg/kg dose) in a dog with severe kidney disease. Case Summary: A 12‐year‐old neutered female Yorkshire Terrier presented with severe acute‐on‐chronic kidney injury and concurrent neurological signs. The dog received extracorporeal therapy as part of management. Uremia improved after hemodialysis, but central nervous system signs persisted; therefore, a contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was performed, immediately followed by IHD. Two IHD treatments with a low‐flux dialyzer were performed 1.5 and 25.75 hours after administration of gadolinium, with almost complete removal of gadolinium. More than 96% of gadolinium was removed with a single treatment. New or Unique Information Provided: Extracorporeal therapy is effective at removing gadolinium‐based chelated contrast agents and could be considered if magnetic resonance imaging is indicated in a patient with substantial kidney impairment. Alternatively, newer contrast agents that have been deemed safer in this patient population could be used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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28. Successful hemodialysis treatment of a Quarter Horse mare with silver maple leaf toxicity and acute kidney injury.

Author

Pinnell, Erin F., Her, Jiwoong, Gordon, Daniel, Kinsella, Hannah M., Langston, Catherine E., and Toribio, Ramiro E.

Subjects
RENAL replacement therapy, BLOOD urea nitrogen, ACUTE kidney failure, BLOOD transfusion, NEPHROTOXICOLOGY
Abstract

An adult American Quarter Horse mare presented for pigmenturia and lethargy of 12 hours' duration and was diagnosed with silver maple leaf toxicity. The mare had intravascular hemolysis and azotemia. The mare was treated with a transfusion of whole blood, fluids administered IV, antibiotics, oxygen insufflation, and supportive care. The azotemia persisted despite conventional medical management and hemodialysis was elected. After 2 intermittent hemodialysis treatments over 3 days, the azotemia almost resolved, clinical signs improved, and the mare was discharged. The blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and electrolyte concentrations remained normal 6 months later after examination by the referring veterinarian. Hemodialysis treatment can be feasible in horses if equipment and expertise are available and should be considered as a treatment option if indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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29. Developing model‐based storytelling to share systemic insights to the public during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Author

Gordon, Daniel, Mashayekhi, Ali N., Tomoaia‐Cotisel, Andrada, Kim, Hyunjung, Bahaddin, Babak, Luna‐Reyes, Luis F., and Andersen, David F.

Subjects
SYSTEM dynamics, STRUCTURAL dynamics, CONSTRUCTION projects, STORYTELLING, PANDEMICS
Abstract

Communicating dynamic insights to a wide audience constitutes a long‐standing challenge among system dynamics modelers. We propose that telling stories is a compelling way of introducing feedback insights, as well as an understanding of how our individual decisions are linked to social behaviors in our day‐to‐day living. These decisions often involve moral and ethical trade‐offs. In this article, we use examples and heuristics to illustrate how the process of building a system dynamics model can drive a storytelling project. In a complimentary manner, the process of storytelling supports and enriches a model building project by exploring new dynamic hypotheses. © 2024 The Authors. System Dynamics Review published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of System Dynamics Society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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31. Employability and social class in the graduate labour market

Author

Gordon, Daniel Andrew

Subjects
331.12, H Social Sciences (General), HT Communities. Classes. Races, LB2300 Higher Education
Abstract

This thesis examined the early labour market experiences of graduates from different class backgrounds at three differentially ranked universities. It finds that outcomes are more than the sum of credentials and hard work. Access to social, economic and non-academic forms of cultural capital is found to be important and graduates from middle class backgrounds are more likely than graduates from working class backgrounds to access the forms of capital recognised by the graduate labour market. This leads to observable differences in graduate labour market outcomes. However, the complex relationship between higher education and the graduate labour market means that class differences are not simply reproduced. In the first instance, patterns in graduate labour market outcomes are a product of the academic requirements demanded by certain occupations. These academic barriers are tangible and affect all graduates regardless of background. Graduates with more prestigious credentials are more likely to access professional or managerial occupations and are more likely to find traditional graduate employment: the proportion of middle class graduates employed in professional or managerial occupations was 100% at the Elite University, 79% at the Russell Group University and 69% at the Post-1992 University. This compares with figures of 100%, 56% and 31%, respectively, for working class graduates. However, labour market success is also predicated upon exhibiting the ‘right’ combination of competencies and experiences, privileging middle class graduates. Middle class graduates have greater access to economic capital, are able to leverage their social networks to augment their employability, and are more likely to exhibit ways of being and doing associated with professional and managerial competence. As such, intra-university comparisons find that middle class graduates are more likely to access graduate employment (79% of Russell Group University middle class graduates were in graduate employment compared to 22% of working class graduates) and work in professional or managerial occupations (see figures above). These observations can be attributed to significant differences in economic, social and cultural capital. However, such comparisons conceal subtle in-group differences. This thesis identified distinct class fractions within both the middle and working class groups. An interesting distinction within the middle classes was that between middle class graduates with parents employed in the public/third sectors and those with parents employed in the private sector. For instance, 80% of graduates in the public sector had one or more parents employed by the public sector and almost 60% had both parents employed by the public sector, which constituted all of those with both parents employed by the public sector. All of the graduates in the private sector had at least one parent employed by the sector and 74% had both parents employed by the sector, constituting 85% of graduates with both parents employed in the private sector. The same pattern did not emerge for working class graduates. The sector of parental employment is significant because it reflects systematic differences in social and political orientation, which for graduates give rise to discernible differences in their inherited labour market orientation, social networks and cultural capital. The graduate labour market outcomes of working class graduates are acutely tied to the institutions they attend and their experiences therein. Unlike many middle class graduates, working class graduates do not inherit forms of social and cultural capital that can be easily realised in the graduate labour market. As such, differences between working class fractions can be traced to differences in educational achievement and trajectory. Through the acculturation of middle class behaviours and alignment of practices, working class graduates benefit from the institutional proximity to middle class peers and become caught in their ‘slip stream’. The benefits are clear to see: 65% of elite trajectory graduates were in traditional graduate employment and 94% were in professional or managerial occupations. For modal trajectory graduates mediocre credentials and low levels of inherited social and cultural capital are compounded by socially segregated institutional experiences. Consequently, they were found in the least competitive regions of the graduate labour market, typically in non-graduate employment and in occupations that did not require a degree-level education. These findings add to our understanding of how class background, higher education and the graduate labour market interact. They raise some important questions for the academic field but also for public policy, particularly around the role of higher education in promoting social mobility and its relationship with the (graduate) labour market.

Published
2013

40. Successful treatment of a severe 5‐hydroxytrytophan intoxication using carbon hemoperfusion, hemodiafiltration, and mechanical ventilation in a dog.

Author

Her, Jiwoong, Gordon, Daniel, Riggs, Alexandra, Venner, Laura, Cooper, Edward, and Langston, Catherine

Subjects
*HEMOPERFUSION, *TREATMENT effectiveness, *ARTIFICIAL respiration, *HEMODIAFILTRATION, *SEROTONIN syndrome, *DOGS, *SEROTONIN
Abstract

Objective: To describe the successful use of carbon hemoperfusion and hemodiafiltration in combination with mechanical ventilation (MV) to treat a severe intoxication of 5‐hydroxytryptophan (5‐HTP) in a dog. Case Summary: A dog ingested a minimum of 550 mg/kg of extended‐release 5‐HTP, resulting in serotonin syndrome that progressed to a comatose state and severe hypoventilation requiring MV. Extracorporeal carbon hemoperfusion coupled with hemodiafiltration was performed to remove 5‐HTP from this patient. A carbon hemoperfusion cartridge was placed in series upstream in the extracorporeal circuit from the hemodialyzer. A total of 46.5 L of blood (4.89 L/kg) was processed during a 4.85‐hour treatment. Serial plasma samples were obtained at 0, 60, 90, and 150 minutes during the session and 14 hours after the session. These samples were later analyzed for 5‐HTP and serotonin concentrations. The extraction ratio of 5‐HTP was 93.6%–98.9% through the carbon filter. The dog was weaned from MV within 8 hours after extracorporeal therapy and, after a full recovery, was successfully discharged. New or Unique Information Provided: Despite an extensive review of the available literature, this appears to be the first reported case of using a carbon hemoperfusion, hemodiafiltration, and MV to treat severe serotonin syndrome secondary to 5‐HTP intoxication in a dog. The combination of carbon hemoperfusion and hemodiafiltration can significantly reduce plasma 5‐HTP concentrations after acute intoxication and may serve to decrease morbidity and mortality in patients with severe intoxication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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