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To overcome the shortcomings of the traditional manual detection of underwater targets in side-scan sonar (SSS) images, a real-time automatic target recognition (ATR) method is proposed in this paper. This method consists of image preprocessing, sampling, ATR by integration of the transformer module and YOLOv5s (that is, TR–YOLOv5s), and target localization. By considering the target-sparse and feature-barren characteristics of SSS images, a novel TR–YOLOv5s network and a down-sampling principle are put forward, and the attention mechanism is introduced in the method to meet the requirements of accuracy and efficiency for underwater target recognition. Experiments verified the proposed method achieved 85.6% mean average precision (mAP) and 87.8% macro-F2 score, and brought 12.5% and 10.6% gains compared with the YOLOv5s network trained from scratch, and had the real-time recognition speed of about 0.068 s per image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the findings of multiple observational studies, immune disorder was a risk factor for prostatitis. However, it remained unknown whether there was a direct causal relationship between immune cells and prostatitis or whether this relationship was mediated by plasma metabolites. Based on the pooled data of a genome-wide association study (GWAS), a genetic variant was used to predict the effects of 731 immunophenotypes on the risk of prostatitis and determine whether the effects were mediated by 1400 metabolites. The bidirectional 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method was adopted to uncover the causal relationship between immunophenotypes and prostatitis. Subsequently, a 2-step MR method was employed to evaluate whether the metabolites mediated this causal relationship and quantify the mediating effects and the corresponding ratios. In addition, the Bayesian-weighted Mendelian randomization (BWMR) method was employed to verify the results. Among the 731 immunophenotypes analyzed, 16 had causal relationships with the risk of prostatitis, including 11 with positive correlations (P < .05, beta > 0) and 5 with negative correlations (P < .05, beta < 0). The MR analysis screened out 9 metabolites related to the risk of prostatitis. The X - 24344 levels mediated the causal relationship between CD3 on CD39+ activated Treg and prostatitis (mediation effect: 0.01; ratio: 9.82%). Both histidine betaine (hercynine) levels and the proline-to-glutamate ratio mediated the causal relationship between CD14-CD16+ monocyte absolute count and prostatitis, with the mediation effects of -0.016 (14.20%) and -0.008 (7.24%), respectively. The glutamine degradant levels mediated the causal relationship between HLA DR+ CD4+ %T cells and prostatitis, with a mediation effect of -0.012, accounting for 8.07% of the total. The present study indicated that the immune cell subsets predicted based on gene expression profiles were potentially beneficial or harmful risk factors of prostatitis, and plasma metabolites may serve as the mediating factors of the relationship. The study thus shed light on deciphering the immunologic mechanism of prostatitis., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Objective: This study aims to analyze the correlation between urinary calculi formation and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) constitution among individuals in Wuhu., Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at our hospital from December 2020 to December 2021. A total of 140 cases were selected for the study population. The patients underwent thorough clinical and statistical analysis, and their TCM constitution classification was determined based on TCM constitution theory. Additionally, the study assessed the urinary stone composition of these 140 patients using the SUN-3G intelligent stone analyzer., Results: Among the 140 patients, the largest group comprised patients with a peaceful constitution, accounting for 36.43%. The second largest group, at 23.57%, included patients with constitution type A (peaceful + any other TCM constitution). Following that, patients with constitution type A G (Yang deficiency + any other TCM constitution) represented the third largest group at 7.14%., Conclusions: The majority of patients demonstrated a constitution characterized by peace and substance. Therefore, it is imperative to allocate medical resources strategically to enhance the effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Medicine syndrome differentiation in treatment.