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Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor, characterized by its poor prognosis. Glycolipid metabolism is strongly associated with GBM development and malignant behavior. However, the precise functions of snoRNAs and ADARs in glycolipid metabolism within GBM cells remain elusive. The objective of the present study is to delve into the underlying mechanisms through which snoRNAs and ADARs exert regulatory effects on glycolipid metabolism in GBM cells. Methods: RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pull-down experiments were conducted to verify the homodimerization of ADAR2 by SNORD113-3, and Sanger sequencing and Western blot experiments were used to detect the A-to-I RNA editing of PHKA2 mRNA by ADAR2. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of EBF1 was measured by in vitro kinase assay. Finally, in vivo studies using nude mice confirmed that SNORD113-3 and ADAR2 overexpression, along with PHKA2 knockdown, could suppress the formation of subcutaneous xenograft tumors and improve the outcome of tumor-bearing nude mice. Results: We found that PHKA2 in GBM significantly promoted glycolipid metabolism, while SNORD113-3, ADAR2, and EBF1 significantly inhibited glycolipid metabolism. SNORD113-3 promotes ADAR2 protein expression by promoting ADAR2 homodimer formation. ADAR2 mediates the A-to-I RNA editing of PHKA2 mRNA. Mass spectrometry analysis and in vitro kinase testing revealed that PHKA2 phosphorylates EBF1 on Y256, reducing the stability and expression of EBF1. Furthermore, direct binding of EBF1 to PKM2 and ACLY promoters was observed, suggesting the inhibition of their expression by EBF1. These findings suggest the existence of a SNORD113-3/ADAR2/PHKA2/EBF1 pathway that collectively regulates the metabolism of glycolipid and the growth of GBM cells. Finally, in vivo studies using nude mice confirmed that knockdown of PHKA2, along with overexpression of SNORD113-3 and ADAR2, could obviously suppress GBM subcutaneous xenograft tumor formation and improve the outcome of those tumor-bearing nude mice. Conclusions: Herein, we clarified the underlying mechanism involving the SNORD113-3/ADAR2/PHKA2/EBF1 pathway in the regulation of GBM cell growth and glycolipid metabolism. Our results provide a framework for the development of innovative therapeutic interventions to improve the prognosis of patients with GBM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endosomes are crucial sites for intracellular material sorting and transportation. Endosomal transport is a critical process involved in the selective uptake, processing, and intracellular transport of substances. The equilibrium between endocytosis and circulation mediated by the endosome-centered transport pathway plays a significant role in cell homeostasis, signal transduction, and immune response. In recent years, there have been hints linking endosomal transport abnormalities to neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Nonetheless, the related mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we provide an overview of endosomal-centered transport pathways and highlight potential physiological processes regulated by these pathways, with a particular focus on the correlation of endosomal trafficking disorders with common pathological features of neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, we summarize potential therapeutic agents targeting endosomal trafficking for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractBackgroundObjectiveMethodsResultsConclusionSystematic review registrationThe current knowledge about the efficacy and safety of dietary polyphenol administration in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is divergent.To evaluate the pooled efficacy and safety of dietary polyphenol administration in the treatment of patients with PCOS.The pubmed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of dietary polyphenol administration for the treatment of PCOS. English-language RCTs involving adults with PCOS were thoroughly searched in electronic databases from the time of their establishment to May 2024. Random-effects models were used because heterogeneity was derived from differences in intervention materials and study duration, among other confounding factors. The effect sizes of the outcomes in the pooled analysis are expressed as weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).A total of 15 RCTs involving 934 patients were finally included. Compared with control treatments, dietary polyphenol administration significantly reduced luteinizing hormone (LH) (WMD: −0.85, 95% CI [-1.32 to −0.38], p = 0.00), and prolactin levels (WMD: −3.73, 95% CI [-6.73 to −0.74], p = 0.01). Dietary polyphenol administration significantly reduced insulin levels (WMD: −0.85, 95% CI [-1.32 to −0.38], p = 0.00). Regarding lipid metabolism, dietary polyphenol administration only reduced triglyceride levels (WMD: −8.96, 95% CI [-16.44 to −1.49], p = 0.02). Malondialdehyde (MDA) (WMD: −0.65, 95% CI [-0.68 to −0.62], p = 0.00), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) (WMD: −1.39, 95% CI [-2.41 to −0.37], p = 0.01) concentrations were significantly reduced by dietary polyphenol administration. None of the interventions significantly affected weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), homeostatic model–insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycated hemoglobin (HBA1c), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (T), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), estradiol (E2), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), C-peptide, C-reactive protein (CRP), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), cholesterol, cholesterol/HDL, acne score, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or alkaline phosphatase (ALP).Dietary polyphenol administration was efficacious in patients with PCOS in our study. This review might provide new insight into the treatment of patients with PCOS and the potential of daily polyphenol supplementation in patients with PCOS. Nevertheless, these results must be interpreted carefully as a result of the heterogeneity and risk of bias among the studies and we expect that more high-quality RCTs evaluating the efficacy and safety of dietary polyphenol adnimistration in patients with PCOS will be conducted in the future.CRD42024498494 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore the interaction between the expression of neuronal HIF‐1α in the mediobasal hypothalamus and food intake, glycolipid metabolism and body weight (BW) in mice consuming high‐fat diet (HFD). In HIF‐1αflox/flox mice, AAV‐hSyn‐GFP (NC group) or AAV‐hSyn‐cre‐GFP (KD group) virus was injected into medial base of the hypothalamus. Frozen brain tissue sections confirmed the presence of the virus within the hypothalamus of mice after 28 days of AAV injection, including reporter signals within the arcuate nucleus, DMH and VMH. Consistently, the levels of HIF‐1α mRNA in the ventral hypothalamus were significantly lower in the KD group compared to the NC group. These KD mice also demonstrated significantly increased food intake, body weight (BW), total cholesterol (TC), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) and serum insulin, combined with higher blood glucose, compared to NC animals. However, the levels of triglycerides and FFA were similar in both groups. Significant differences in p‐Akt levels were not observed in the skeletal muscle, liver or epididymal fat in KD mice after insulin injection. In conclusion, the knockdown of HIF‐1α within the neurons of mediobasal hypothalamus results in an increase in the appetite of mice fed with HFD, which in turn leads to a significant dysregulation of lipid and glucose metabolism and a corresponding increase in weight. Therefore, the neuronal HIF‐1α expression in the mediobasal hypothalamus may be a critical regulator of glycolipid metabolism and body weight control when a high‐fat diet is consumed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study aims to investigate whether Macleaya cordata extracts (MCE) could alleviate the adverse reactions caused by a high-fat (HF) diet in Marsupenaeus japonicus. Three experimental treatments including a control group (CG, 8.06% lipid), HF group (14.76% lipid), and HF group supplemented with 1200 mg/kg Macleaya cordata extract (HFG + MCE) were designed. The results showed that growth performance was not influenced (P > 0.05) by different diet treatments after a 42-day feeding trial. Compared with the control group, the HF group significantly decreased (P < 0.05) the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the serum and hepatopancreas. Expression of antioxidant-related genes was synchronously decreased (P < 0.05), while hsp70 gene expression was increased (P < 0.05) in the hepatopancreas. Hepatopancreatic glycolipid metabolism was upregulated (P < 0.05), which could be identified by lipid/glycogen content and gene expression. Compared with the HC group, the HC + MCE group significantly alleviated HC-induced oxidative stress, which was identified by the increased (P < 0.05) antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression. Meanwhile, hepatopancreatic glycolipid metabolism was downregulated (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with MCE could alleviate HF-induced damage of antioxidant capacity and immune function and alleviate the disorder of glycolipid metabolism in M. japonicus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the effect and mechanism of Yunkang oral liquid (YK) on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: PCOS model rats were prepared by injecting exogenous androgen dehydroepiandrosterone, and YK was administered simultaneously for 28 days during modeling. The morphology of ovaries and uterus was observed using H&E staining, and serum levels of testosterone (T), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were determined by radioimmunoassay. Additionally, serum lipids (TG, HDL-c), blood glucose (GLU), and aminotransferase (AST, ALT) levels were detected. The expression of androgen receptor (AR) protein was determined by Western blotting. Results: YK treatment resulted in reduced serum levels of T, LH and FSH, ameliorated ovarian polycystic-like pathological changes and uterine morphology in PCOS rats, and decreased serum TG, GLU, AST and ALT levels, elevated serum HDL-c levels, and improved abnormalities of glycolipid metabolism accompanying PCOS. Moreover, YK decreased the expression of ovarian AR in PCOS rats. Conclusions: This study indicates that YK may protect the ovaries by inhibiting the expression of AR, which could be a potential treatment for PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor, characterized by its poor prognosis. Glycolipid metabolism is strongly associated with GBM development and malignant behavior. However, the precise functions of snoRNAs and ADARs in glycolipid metabolism within GBM cells remain elusive. The objective of the present study is to delve into the underlying mechanisms through which snoRNAs and ADARs exert regulatory effects on glycolipid metabolism in GBM cells. Methods RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pull-down experiments were conducted to verify the homodimerization of ADAR2 by SNORD113-3, and Sanger sequencing and Western blot experiments were used to detect the A-to-I RNA editing of PHKA2 mRNA by ADAR2. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of EBF1 was measured by in vitro kinase assay. Finally, in vivo studies using nude mice confirmed that SNORD113-3 and ADAR2 overexpression, along with PHKA2 knockdown, could suppress the formation of subcutaneous xenograft tumors and improve the outcome of tumor-bearing nude mice. Results We found that PHKA2 in GBM significantly promoted glycolipid metabolism, while SNORD113-3, ADAR2, and EBF1 significantly inhibited glycolipid metabolism. SNORD113-3 promotes ADAR2 protein expression by promoting ADAR2 homodimer formation. ADAR2 mediates the A-to-I RNA editing of PHKA2 mRNA. Mass spectrometry analysis and in vitro kinase testing revealed that PHKA2 phosphorylates EBF1 on Y256, reducing the stability and expression of EBF1. Furthermore, direct binding of EBF1 to PKM2 and ACLY promoters was observed, suggesting the inhibition of their expression by EBF1. These findings suggest the existence of a SNORD113-3/ADAR2/PHKA2/EBF1 pathway that collectively regulates the metabolism of glycolipid and the growth of GBM cells. Finally, in vivo studies using nude mice confirmed that knockdown of PHKA2, along with overexpression of SNORD113-3 and ADAR2, could obviously suppress GBM subcutaneous xenograft tumor formation and improve the outcome of those tumor-bearing nude mice. Conclusions Herein, we clarified the underlying mechanism involving the SNORD113-3/ADAR2/PHKA2/EBF1 pathway in the regulation of GBM cell growth and glycolipid metabolism. Our results provide a framework for the development of innovative therapeutic interventions to improve the prognosis of patients with GBM.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients always develop osteoporosis (OP). We examined correlations of N-terminal mid-fragment of osteocalcin (N-MID) and cystatin C (Cys C) levels with glycolipid metabolism, bone metabolism markers, and bone mineral density (BMD) in elderly T2DM-OP patients. Grouping was performed as per whether T2DM patients developed OP (OP group) or not (N-OP group). N-MID and Cys C were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, with correlations with glycolipid metabolism, bone metabolism indicators, and BMD analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Elderly T2DM-OP patients showed elevated disease duration, age, body mass index, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), Homer’s insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol (TC), beta-carboxy-terminal crosslinked telopeptide of type 1 collagen (β-CTX), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP-5b), N-MID and Cys C levels, and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), bone alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP), aminoterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP), carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP), BMD, and calcium supplementation. N-MID and Cys C were positively correlated with HbA1c, HOMA-IR, TC, β-CTX, and TRACP-5b and negatively with HDL-C, B-ALP, PINP, PICP, and BMD in elderly T2DM-OP patients. Conclusively, the abnormal elevations of serum N-MID and Cys C were associated with glycolipid metabolism disorder, abnormal bone metabolism, and decreased BMD in elderly T2DM-OP patients.

Dan Kuai,1,2 Mengying Li,1,2 Ling He,1,2 Xiaoyan Li,1,2 Ying He,1,2 Shiqi Liu,1,2 Jiayu Wei,1,2 Xia Ji,3 Yingmei Wang,1,2 Wenyan Tian,1,2 Huiying Zhang1,2 1Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People’s Republic of China; 2Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People’s Republic of China; 3Baogang Hospital of Aerospace Medicine of Inner Mongolia, Baotou, 014000, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yingmei Wang, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People’s Republic of China, Email wangyingmei1978@126.com Huiying Zhang, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No. 154, Anshan Road, He Ping District, Tianjin, 300052, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-022-60362255, Email huiying_zhang2020@126.comAim: To assess body composition, glucolipid metabolism, and uric acid levels in PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) patients to determine their relationship with the risk of endometrial hyperplasia (EH).Methods: A total of 232 patients were included and divided into groups according to whether they had PCOS and endometrial pathology (Group A: non-PCOS and normal endometrium; Group B: PCOS and normal endometrium; Group C: non-PCOS and EH; Group D: PCOS and EH). Body composition differences between groups and correlations between body composition, glucolipid metabolism, and uric acid levels were analyzed.Results: In Group D, the patient’s PSM (Percent Skeletal Muscle) of Trunk, PBF (Percent Body Fat) of Arm, free mass index, FMI (Fat Mass Index), and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index were significantly higher than in Groups A, B, and C. Waist-hip rate, PBF, PBF of Trunk, PSM of Leg, skeletal muscle mass index and visceral fat level were significantly higher than in Groups A and B. FMI was an independent risk factor for EH in PCOS patients, the AUC for FMI prediction of endometrial hyperplasia in PCOS patients was 0.82. FMI had significant positive correlations with fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance), total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein, and uric acid levels. FMI was correlated with HOMA-IR and uric acid at 0.602 and 0.649 respectively in PCOS patients.Conclusion: Increased FMI and altered glucolipid metabolism as key factors associated with a higher risk of EH in patients with PCOS. Monitoring body composition and metabolic health in PCOS patients could help identify those at greater risk of EH, guiding preventive interventions.Keywords: polycystic ovary syndrome, endometrial hyperplasia, body composition, glycolipid metabolism, metabolic syndrome

Background/Objective: Lipid distribution plays a crucial role in glucose metabolism, and this study aimed to investigate the effects of 12 weeks traditional Chinese YiJinJing exercise on specific lipid distributions in patients with prediabetes. Methods: Sixty participants with prediabetes were randomly allocated to either a control group (Con, n = 30) or an exercise group (Ex, n = 30). The Ex group underwent YiJinJing exercise plus Theraband, engaging in 1-h sessions, 3 times per week, over a total period of 12 weeks. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to measure lipid distribution in different body segments and organs. Additionally, a body composition analyser was employed to measure visceral fat, and laboratory tests were conducted to measure indicators related to glycolipid metabolism. Results: Following a 12-week intervention with Exercise, 37 % of prediabetic patients in the Ex group achieved normal blood glucose levels. Significant reductions were observed in upper limb fat (ULF), trunk fat (TrF) and liver fat (LF) values in the Ex group compared to the Con group. Additionally, within the Ex group, there were notable decreases in triglyceride (TG) levels, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), android fat (AF), ULF, thigh fat (ThF), renal sinus fat (RSF), and LF compared to baseline. Conclusions: Traditional Chinese YiJinJing plus TheraBand exercise can significantly reduce blood glucose levels through improved lipid distribution and metabolism in prediabetic patients. Hence, YiJinJing can serve as a crucial intervention for individuals with prediabetes.

To explore the effect of lithium carbonate combined with olanzapine on glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as gender differences in treating bipolar disorder (BD). 110 BD patients admitted to the Fifth People's Hospital of Luoyang from February 2022 to January 2024 were retrospectively included in the study. Patients were categorized into two groups based on treatment: the single group (lithium carbonate, n = 50) and the coalition group (lithium carbonate + olanzapine, n=60). Post-treatment, the coalition group's YMRS score was 4.67±1.34 points and BRMS score was 24.93±2.30 points, both lower than the single group's YMRS score of 7.64±1.51 points and BRMS score of 34.38±2.30 points (P<0.05). The coalition group's effective rate was 96.67%, significantly higher than the single group's 82.00% (P<0.05). Post-treatment, the coalition group had lower levels of FBG, TC, TG and LDL-C than the single group, while HDL-C was higher (P<0.05). Additionally, glycolipids levels in both male and female subgroups increased post- treatment compared to pre-treatment. The efficacy of lithium carbonate sustained-release tablets combined with olanzapine in the treatment of bipolar disorder (BD) is well-established. This combination therapy can effectively alleviate manic and psychiatric symptoms, enhance patients' social functioning and improve their quality of life. Furthermore, it has a minimal impact on glucose and lipid metabolism, with no observed gender differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastics and nanoplastics (M-NPs) are widespread pollutants in the environment, posing growing risks to human health and garnering increasing concern from researchers. Due to their small particle size, ease of adsorption, and resistance to degradation, M-NPs can retain and migrate in the environment for long-term periods. Upon entering organisms, M-NPs have been reported to cause inflammation and oxidative stress and result in abnormalities in glycolipid metabolism. Furthermore, research suggests that exposure to M-NPs may act as a causative agent for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis. This paper aims to review the consequences of exposure to M-NPs on animal and cellular glycolipid metabolism and discusses the disruption of gut microbial homeostasis and the subsequent emergence of insulin resistance. PPAR signaling pathway activation after exposure to M-NPs was found to lead to increased hepatic fat accumulation and impaired lipid metabolism. Additionally, the paper highlights how M-NPs exacerbate the progression of obesity and diabetes in patients, induce damage to vascular endothelial cells, trigger oxidative stress, and contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. Despite the growing concern, the toxicity and molecular mechanism of M-NPs on glycolipid metabolism remain understudied, and effective methods for removing plastic pollutants deposited in the body are yet to be established. These findings provide valuable insights for future research in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesona chinensis Benth. (or Platostoma palustre (Blume) A. J. Paton), an edible and medicinal plant, is the main ingredient in black jelly, Hsian-tsao tea, and beverages, and its processed products are popular in China as well as in Southeast Asian countries. Previous studies have shown that the alcohol extract of Mesona chinensis Benth. (MC) can reduce the accumulation of oleic acid and ameliorate hyperlipidemia. However, researchers have not yet determined whether it could improve intestinal permeability and metabolic dysfunction by controlling gut microbial dysbiosis and thus reducing hyperlipidemia. This study aimed to explore the potential mechanism by which MC regulates metabolic function disorders in hyperlipidemic high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats and mice from the perspective of gut microbiota. This study analyzed the effects of MC on metabolic indices related to hyperlipidemia in HFD-fed rats and the abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota via 16S rRNA V3–4 region pyrosequencing to investigate the regulation of the gut microbiota by MC. We further confirmed that MC ameliorates hyperlipidemia by regulating the gut microbiota by simultaneously administering antibiotics and MC to C57BL/6 mice and measuring their metabolic indices. These results indicate that MC reduces the lipid concentration in the serum of HFD-fed rats, thereby significantly alleviating hyperlipidemia, and regulates the abundance ratio and diversity of the gut microbiota, thereby exerting a beneficial effect on hyperlipidemia. Our further antibiotic experiments in mice revealed that the administration of MC was unable to reduce body weight or serum and organ lipid concentrations in the antibiotic-treated group of hyperlipidemic mice. This study provides evidence that the microbiota is an alternative target for the antihyperlipidemic effect of MC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review examines the complexities of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), focusing on the critical role of integrating omics technologies with traditional experimental methods. It underscores the advancements in understanding the genetic diversity of T2DM and emphasizes the evolution towards personalized treatment modalities. The paper analyzes a variety of omics approaches, including genomics, methylation, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and intestinal microbiomics, delineating their substantial contributions to deciphering the multifaceted mechanisms underlying T2DM. Furthermore, the review highlights the indispensable role of non-omics experimental techniques in comprehending and managing T2DM, advocating for their integration in the development of tailored medicine and precision treatment strategies. By identifying existing research gaps and suggesting future research trajectories, the review underscores the necessity for a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach. This approach synergistically combines clinical insights with cuttingedge biotechnologies, aiming to refine the management and therapeutic interventions of T2DM, and ultimately enhancing patient outcomes. This synthesis of knowledge and methodologies paves the way for innovative advancements in T2DM research, fostering a deeper understanding and more effective treatment of this complex condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glucose and lipid metabolism disorders are the core pathological mechanism of a variety of metabolic diseases, and the incidence of related diseases is increasing year by year, which seriously threatens human life and health. Traditional Chinese medicine with medicinal and edible properties refers to Chinese medicinal resources that have both medicinal and edible characteristics. Due to its safety and its health-promoting and medicinal functions, traditional Chinese medicine has received increasing attention in the development of functional health foods. Phenolic acids are important secondary metabolites that are ubiquitous in medicinal and edible homologous plants, and the regulation of glycolipid metabolism is an important activity and plays a key role in many diseases. In this paper, we focus on the alleviation of glycolipid disorders using MEHH phenolic acids, which regulate glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism, improve insulin resistance, inhibit inflammatory responses, alleviate oxidative stress, and regulate intestinal flora; additionally, we summarize the mechanism in order to provide a reference for MEHH phenolic acids in the treatment of glycolipid metabolism diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipid distribution plays a crucial role in glucose metabolism, and this study aimed to investigate the effects of 12 weeks traditional Chinese YiJinJing exercise on specific lipid distributions in patients with prediabetes. Sixty participants with prediabetes were randomly allocated to either a control group (Con, n = 30) or an exercise group (Ex, n = 30). The Ex group underwent YiJinJing exercise plus Theraband, engaging in 1-h sessions, 3 times per week, over a total period of 12 weeks. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to measure lipid distribution in different body segments and organs. Additionally, a body composition analyser was employed to measure visceral fat, and laboratory tests were conducted to measure indicators related to glycolipid metabolism. Following a 12-week intervention with Exercise, 37 % of prediabetic patients in the Ex group achieved normal blood glucose levels. Significant reductions were observed in upper limb fat (ULF), trunk fat (TrF) and liver fat (LF) values in the Ex group compared to the Con group. Additionally, within the Ex group, there were notable decreases in triglyceride (TG) levels, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), android fat (AF), ULF, thigh fat (ThF), renal sinus fat (RSF), and LF compared to baseline. Traditional Chinese YiJinJing plus TheraBand exercise can significantly reduce blood glucose levels through improved lipid distribution and metabolism in prediabetic patients. Hence, YiJinJing can serve as a crucial intervention for individuals with prediabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary fucoidan levels (0 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, 1,000 mg/kg, 1,500 mg/kg, and 2,000 mg/kg) on the hepatic ultrastructure and the transcriptomic landscape within the liver tissue of common carp. The results revealed that the addition of 1,000 mg/kg fucoidan to the diet significantly altered the ultrastructure of hepatocytes. Notably, the quantities of lipid droplets, autolysosomes, enlarged mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum were increased in the hepatocytes. The liver transcriptome analysis revealed that DEGs were notably abundant in the 1,000-mg/kg fucoidan group in glucolipid metabolism signaling pathways, including eukaryotes and nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, steroid biosynthesis, and PPAR signaling pathways. The quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) results showed an excellent agreement on those of RNA-seq for both up- and down-regulated genes (a total of 13 genes selected for validation). Furthermore, fucoidan significantly influenced hepatic glucolipid metabolism of common carp at the mRNA level. Notably, the inclusion of lower concentrations of fucoidan in the diet, specifically at 500 mg/kg and 1,000 mg/kg, was found to significantly enhance the expression of mRNA for genes involved in glycolysis, including hk, gk, and pk, as well as genes linked to lipogenesis, such as srebf1, fasn, elovl5, acsl3a, scd, fads2, and cyp24a1. Conversely, higher concentrations of dietary fucoidan, at 1,500 mg/kg and 2,000 mg/kg, were observed to markedly upregulate the mRNA expression of genes associated with gluconeogenesis, including pck1, pck2, gs, gsk3a, gsk3b, and g6pca.1, along with genes related to lipolysis, such as hadhb, acadl, ecil, acacba, cpt1, fabp1, and fabp3. In summary, varying levels of fucoidan intake appear to exert differential influences on the hepatic glucolipid metabolism of common carp, suggesting a complex dose-dependent regulatory mechanism. For the first time, this research has established that fucoidan possesses a pronounced regulatory influence on the hepatic glucolipid metabolism in fish. This discovery not only underscores its potential as an immunostimulant but also opens new avenues for its application as a feed additive, with implications for modulating the nutritional metabolism of aquatic species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glycolipid metabolism have been implicated in cognitive impairments and depression among Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the role of sex differences in this relationship remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the potential sex differences in the link between serum BDNF levels, glycolipid metabolism and cognitive performance among depressive PD patients. PD patients comprising 108 individuals with depression and 108 without depression were recruited for this study. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Beijing version (MOCA-BJ). The severity of depressive symptoms was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17), while motor symptoms were evaluated using the Revised Hoehn and Yahr rating scale (H-Y) and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III (UPDRS-III). Laboratory testing and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) are used to measure serum levels of glycolipid metabolism and BDNF. Females showed superior performance in delayed recall (all p < 0.05), male PD patients exhibited higher scores in naming tasks compared to females in non-depression group. There was no sex differences in serum BDNF levels between depression and non-depression groups. Liner regression analysis indicated BDNF as an independent risk factor for language deficits in male PD patients with depression (p < 0.05), while cholesterol (CHOL) emerged as a cognitive influencing factor, particularly in delayed recall among male PD patients with depression (p < 0.05). Our study reveals extensive cognitive impairments in PD patients with depression. Moreover, BDNF and CHOL may contribute to the pathological mechanisms underlying cognitive deficits, particularly in male patients with depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of large organic compounds that persist in the environment and are classified as an important subset of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). This study aimed to assess PAH exposure in pregnant women and newborns in Haikou City, China, and evaluate their impact on glycolipid metabolism.MethodsA total of 300 pregnant women and their newborns were selected for the study between May 2022 and December 2023. Data on lifestyle and dietary habits were collected, and PAH levels in venous blood and umbilical cord blood were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Glycolipid metabolism indicators, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), were also measured. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted to explore the relationships between PAH exposure and metabolic indicators.ResultsThirteen PAHs were detected in both maternal and cord blood. The median concentrations of ΣPAHs (the total concentration of the 16 detected PAHs) were 11.211 μg/L in maternal blood and 10.921 μg/L in newborns. Significant correlations were observed between PAH exposure and glycolipid metabolism, with PAH exposure linked to reduced levels of TC and TG. Factors such as proximity to roads, cooking fuel type, and dietary habits influenced PAH levels. Higher education levels were associated with lower PAH concentrations, whereas living near roads and using gas as cooking fuel increased exposure.ConclusionThere is a notable risk of PAH exposure in pregnant women and newborns in Haikou, influenced by environmental and lifestyle factors. PAH exposure during pregnancy may affect glycolipid metabolism in both mothers and newborns, highlighting the need for interventions to reduce exposure.

Abstract Genes involved in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) are named ADME genes. However, the comprehensive role of ADME genes in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) remains unclear. Using the clinical and gene expression data of KIRC patients downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), ArrayExpress, and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, we cluster patients into two patterns, and the population with a relatively poor prognosis demonstrated higher level of immunosuppressive cell infiltration and higher proportion of glycolytic subtypes. Then, 17 ADME genes combination identified through the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm (LASSO, 1000 times) was utilized to calculate the ADME score. The ADME score was found to be an independent predictor of prognosis in KIRC and to be tightly associated with the infiltration level of immune cells, metabolic properties, tumor-related signaling pathways, genetic variation, and responses to chemotherapeutics. Our work revealed the characteristics of ADME in KIRC. Assessing the ADME profiles of individual patients can deepen our comprehension of tumor microenvironment (TME) features in KIRC and can aid in developing more personalized and effective therapeutic strategies.

The betel nut is one of the most widely consumed addictive substances in the world after nicotine, ethanol, and caffeine. Arecoline is an active ingredient from the areca nut. It has many pharmacological effects and can affect the central nervous system. In this study, we found that arecoline can relieve fatigue behavior. Objective: This research aims to estimate the anti-fatigue effects of arecoline and explore its underlying mechanisms using a murine model of central fatigue precipitated by sleep deprivation (SD). Methods: Seventy-two male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to six groups: a control group, an SD-induced fatigue model group, a group that received Rhodiola Rosea capsules (2.5 mg/kg), and three arecoline groups, which were administered at low, medium, and high doses (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, respectively). Following 28 days of continuous administrations, the effects of arecoline on mouse fatigue-related behaviors were assessed by behavioral tests, including grip strength, rotarod performance, and weight-bearing swimming endurance. The release levels of the related biochemical markers were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Western blotting was employed to quantify the expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), sequestosome-1 (p62), and NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) in the gastrocnemius muscle. Results: Arecoline administration notably enhanced grip strength, delayed the onset of fatigue as evidenced by extended latencies in rotarod tests, and increased the duration of weight-bearing swimming in mice. In the elevated plus maze, arecoline obviously decreased both the number of entries and the total distance traveled in the open arms. Arecoline markedly decreased the contents of creatine kinase, blood urea nitrogen, lactate dehydrogenase, triglycerides, and cholesterol in the serum, while it elevated the levels of total testosterone, lactate dehydrogenase, and immunoglobulin G. Furthermore, it significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase in the gastrocnemius muscle, reduced malondialdehyde levels, augmented hippocampal SOD and CAT activity, and elevated glycogen stores in both liver and muscle tissues. Neurotransmitter levels showed significant increases, cytokine levels were markedly reduced, and the expressions of Nrf2, Keap1, NQO1, p62, and HO-1 in brain tissues were significantly upregulated. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that arecoline has anti-fatigue activity, and the specific mechanisms are associated with elevating glucose and lipid metabolism levels, relieving oxidative stress damage, inhibiting neuroinflammatory response, and regulating neurotransmitter levels and the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. The research provides a new direction for arecoline's potential in preventing and improving fatigue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genes involved in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) are named ADME genes. However, the comprehensive role of ADME genes in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) remains unclear. Using the clinical and gene expression data of KIRC patients downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), ArrayExpress, and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, we cluster patients into two patterns, and the population with a relatively poor prognosis demonstrated higher level of immunosuppressive cell infiltration and higher proportion of glycolytic subtypes. Then, 17 ADME genes combination identified through the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm (LASSO, 1000 times) was utilized to calculate the ADME score. The ADME score was found to be an independent predictor of prognosis in KIRC and to be tightly associated with the infiltration level of immune cells, metabolic properties, tumor-related signaling pathways, genetic variation, and responses to chemotherapeutics. Our work revealed the characteristics of ADME in KIRC. Assessing the ADME profiles of individual patients can deepen our comprehension of tumor microenvironment (TME) features in KIRC and can aid in developing more personalized and effective therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the expressions of glycemic parameters, lipid profile, and thyroid hormone in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and their correlation. Methods: Eighty‐four patients with T2DM in our hospital were included as the observation group. The T2DM patients were divided into mild group, moderate group, and severe group according to the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level. Another 84 healthy subjects in the same period of health examination in our hospital were included as the control group. The levels of glycemic parameters, (HbA1c and FPG), lipid profile (TC, TG, LDL‐C, and HDL‐C) and thyroid hormone (FT3, TSH, and FT4) were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer. The correlation between glycemic parameters, lipid profile, and thyroid hormone was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Results: The FPG, TC, TG, LDL‐C, HbA1c, and TSH levels were significantly elevated, while the HDL‐C and FT3 levels were significantly declined in the observation group versus to control group (p <.05). The levels of HbA1c, FPG, TC, LDL‐C, and TSH were significantly increased, while the levels of HDL‐C and FT3 were decreased in moderate and severe groups, when compared to mild group (p <.05). The levels of HbA1c, FPG, TC, LDL‐C and TSH were higher, while the level of FT3 was lower in severe group than those in moderate group (p <.05). Pearson Correlation analysis showed that FT3 level in T2DM patients was positively correlated with FPG, HbAlc, TC, TG, and LDL‐C levels (p <.05), but negatively correlated with HDL‐C level (p <.05). TSH level was negatively correlated with FPG, HbAlc, TC, TG, and LDL‐C levels (p <.05), while positively correlated with HDL‐C level. Conclusion: The thyroid hormone levels were of clinical significance in evaluating glycolipid metabolism and severity of T2DM. Clinical detection of glycolipid metabolism and thyroid hormone levels in T2DM patients is of great significance for diagnosis, evaluation, and targeted treatment of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Warburg effect, first observed by Otto Warburg in the 1920s, delineates a metabolic phenomenon in which cancer cells exhibit heightened glucose uptake and lactate production, even under normoxic conditions. This metabolic shift towards glycolysis, despite the presence of oxygen, fuels the energy demands of rapidly proliferating cancer cells. Dysregulated glucose metabolism, characterized by the overexpression of glucose transporters and the redirection of metabolic pathways towards glycolysis, lies at the crux of this metabolic reprogramming. Consequently, the accumulation of lactate as a byproduct contributes to the creation of an acidic tumor microenvironment, fostering tumor progression and metastasis. However, recent research, notably proposed by Maher Akl, introduces a novel perspective regarding the role of glycolipids in cancer metabolism. Akl's glucolipotoxicity hypothesis posits that aberrant glycolipid metabolism, specifically the intracellular buildup of glycolipids, significantly influences tumor initiation and progression. This hypothesis underscores the disruptive impact of accumulated glycolipids on cellular homeostasis, thereby activating oncogenic pathways and promoting carcinogenesis. This perspective aims to synthesize the intricate mechanisms underlying both the Warburg effect and glucolipotoxicity, elucidating their collective contributions to tumor growth and malignancy. By comprehensively understanding these metabolic aberrations, novel avenues for therapeutic intervention targeting the fundamental drivers of cancer initiation and progression emerge, holding promise for more efficacious treatment strategies in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xixin–Ganjiang herb pair (XGHP) is a classic combination for warming the lungs to dissolve phlegm and is often used to treat a variety of chronic lung diseases; it can treat the syndrome of cold phlegm obstruction of lungs. First, ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) was used to examine the composition of XGHP, and network pharmacology was used to predict its potential core targets and signaling pathways in the current study. Second, a rat model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was established for assessing the anti‐COPD activity of XGHP, and metabolomics was used to explore the biomarkers and metabolic pathways. Finally, the sample was validated using molecular docking and Western blotting. The integration of metabolomics and network pharmacology results identified 11 targets, 3 biomarkers, 3 pathways, and 2 metabolic pathways. Western blotting showed that XGHP effectively regulated the expression of core proteins via multiple signaling pathways (downregulation of toll‐like receptor 4 [TLR4] and upregulation of serine/threonine‐protein kinase 1 [p‐AKT1] and nitric oxide synthase 3 [NOS3]). Molecular docking results showed that the 10 potentially active components of XGHP have good affinity with tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP‐9), TLR4, p‐AKT1, and NOS3. Our findings suggest that XGHP may regulate glucolipid metabolism, improve energy supply, and inhibit inflammatory responses (TNF‐α, IL‐6, and MMP‐9) via the PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway and HIF‐1 signaling pathway in the management of COPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The oxidative system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Inconsistent associations were found between hyperbilirubinemia and psychopathology as well as glycolipid metabolism in patients with schizophrenia at different episodes. This current study aimed to examine these associations in patients with acute-episode and drug-free (AEDF) schizophrenia. Methods This is a retrospective study using 5 years of data from May 2017 to May 2022 extracted from the electronic medical record system of Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University. Healthy controls (HCs) from the local medical screening center during the same period were also included. Participants’ data of the bilirubin levels [total bilirubin (TB), conjugated bilirubin (CB), unconjugated bilirubin (UCB)], glycolipid metabolic parameters and the score of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) were collected. Results A total of 1468 case records were identified through the initial search. After screening, 89 AEDF patients and 100 HCs were included. Compared with HCs, patients had a higher CB level, and lower levels of glycolipid metabolic parameters excluding high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (all P

Lotus seed skin extract is rich in flavonoids, making it a promising candidate for developing health products. In a previous study, we found that proanthocyanidins from lotus seed skin, particularly proanthocyanidin B1 (PB1), can indirectly activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway, exerting an antioxidant effect. In this study, we isolate proanthocyanidins from lotus seed skin (PLS) using ethanol extraction and RP-HPLC identification, and investigate its effects on glycolipid metabolism both in vivo and in vitro. Our results demonstrate that PLS reduces body weight in high-fat diet (HFD) mice by decreasing feed efficiency. PLS also normalizes serum glucose, insulin secretion, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance (IPGTT). Furthermore, PLS significantly improves blood lipid parameters and inhibits the expressions of six proinflammatory factors, including IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-3, IL-6, IFN-γ and TNF-α in HFD mice. Additionally, analysis of fresh liver tissues reveals that PLS and PB1 induce the expressions of antioxidant proteins such as HO-1 and NQO1 by activating the p38-Nrf2 signaling pathway and inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, proanthocyanidins from lotus seed skin regulate glycolipid metabolism disorders by targeting the p38/Nrf2/NF-κB signaling pathway. Our study offers a new approach for the high-value comprehensive utilization of lotus seed skin by-products and precise dietary intervention for metabolic syndrome.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disease threatening human health. We investigated the effects of Tegillarca granosa polysaccharide (TGP) and determined its potential mechanisms in a mouse model of T2DM established through a high-fat diet and streptozotocin. TGP (5.1 × 103 Da) was composed of mannose, glucosamine, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galactosamine, glucose, galactose, xylose, and fucose. It could signif icantly alleviate weight loss, reduce fasting blood glucose levels, reverse dyslipidemia, reduce liver damage from oxidative stress, and improve insulin sensitivity. RT-PCR and Western blotting indicated that TGP could activate the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway to regulate disorders in glucolipid metabolism and improve insulin resistance. TGP increased the abundance of Allobaculum, Akkermansia, and Bifi dobacterium, restored the microbiota abundance in the intestinal tracts of mice with T2DM, and promoted short-chain fatty acid production. This study provides new insights into the antidiabetic effects of TGP and highlights its potential as a natural hypoglycemic nutraceutical.

Chickpea has significant benefits as an adjuvant treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The properties of chickpea resistant starches (RSs) and their abilities to reduce T2DM symptoms and control intestinal flora were investigated. The RS content in citrate-esterified starch (CCS; 74.18%) was greater than that in pullulanase-modified starch (enzymatically debranched starch (EDS); 38.87%). Compared with those of native chickpea starch, there were noticeable changes in the granular structure and morphology of the two modified starches. The CCS showed surface cracking and aggregation. The EDS particles exhibited irregular layered structures. The expansion force of the modified starches decreased. The CCS and EDS could successfully lower blood glucose, regulate lipid metabolism, lower the levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), reduce the expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleuki n-10 (IL-10), and decrease diabetes-related liver damage. Moreover, the CCS and EDS altered the intestinal flora makeup in mice with T2DM. The abundance of Bacteroidota increased. Both types of chickpea RSs exhibited significant hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effects, contributing to the reduction in inflammatory levels and the improvement in gut microbiota balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionDietary advanced lipoxidation end products (ALEs), which are abundant in heat-processed foods, could induce lipid metabolism disorders. However, limited studies have examined the relationship between maternal ALEs diet and offspring health.MethodsTo investigate the transgenerational effects of ALEs, a cross-generation mouse model was developed. The C57BL/6J mice were fed with dietary ALEs during preconception, pregnancy and lactation. Then, the changes of glycolipid metabolism and gut microbiota of the offspring mice were analyzed.ResultsMaternal ALEs diet not only affected the metabolic homeostasis of dams, but also induced hepatic glycolipid accumulation, abnormal liver function, and disturbance of metabolism parameters in offspring. Furthermore, maternal ALEs diet significantly upregulated the expression of TLR4, TRIF and TNF-α proteins through the AMPK/mTOR/PPARα signaling pathway, leading to dysfunctional glycolipid metabolism in offspring. In addition, 16S rRNA analysis showed that maternal ALEs diet was capable of altered microbiota composition of offspring, and increased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio.DiscussionThis study has for the first time demonstrated the transgenerational effects of maternal ALEs diet on the glycolipid metabolism and gut microbiota in offspring mice, and may help to better understand the adverse effects of dietary ALEs.

The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of dietary carbohydrate on growth performance, feed utilization, proximate compositions, and hepatic glucolipid metabolism in Chinese perch. Triplicate groups of Chinese perch (29.51 ± 0.24 g) were fed five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets containing graded levels of carbohydrate (2.4%, 9.7%, 16.5%, 23.9%, and 30.1%) for 8 weeks. The results based on second-order polynomial regression analysis of specific growth rate (SGR) proved that Chinese perch obtained the best growth performance at the 10.93% dietary carbohydrate level. Compared to 2.4%-carbohydrate group, 9.7%-carbohydrate group exhibited the increase in daily weight gain (DWG) and protein retention ratio (PER) and the decrease in feed conversion efficiency (FCR). Moreover, 9.7%-carbohydrate group showed the increase in the mRNA levels of pfk and cs involved in aerobic oxidation pathway, the content of liver glycogen increased significantly, and no change in glucose level. Above results suggested that a part of carbohydrates may be converted into energy for growth by aerobic oxidation pathway, or converted into glycogen for storage to maintain glucose homeostasis in Chinese perch fed with moderate-carbohydrate diet. Differently, 23.9%-carbohydrate and 30.1%-carbohydrate groups showed the decrease in DWG and PER, and the increase in FCR, compared to 2.4%-carbohydrate group. Additionally, 23.9%-carbohydrate and 30.1%-carbohydrate group presented the increase in the mRNA levels of g6pca and pc involved in gluconeogenesis, which caused the increase in plasma glucose level. However, other plasma indices related to TG-metabolite and its transport (total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein) did not show difference, which combined with elevated fatty acid synthesis-related gene accα mRNA level resulted in excessive liver lipid deposition. Above results indicated that unregulated gluconeogenesis and invalid outward transportation of liver TG-rich metabolites may account for the glucose intolerance of Chinese perch fed with carbohydrate-rich diet. Furthermore, compared to the results from the 4th week, the expression of gk, pfk, pc, cs, and accα genes significantly increased in the 30.1%-carbohydrate group at the 8th week. Both liver and muscle exhibited a significant elevation in crude fat content, while Daily DWG experienced a noticeable decrease. These results indicated that the glucose metabolism and growth of Chinese perch in the high-carbohydrate group are influenced by the interaction of feeding duration and carbohydrate levels. And within a certain time frame, Chinese perch can tolerate a diet rich in carbohydrates.

A six-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary starch levels on growth performance, glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin signaling pathway of juvenile Scylla paramamosain. Three isonitrogenous (41.51% ± 0.31%) and isolipidic (8.68% ± 0.53%) experimental diets were formulated to contain 10%, 20% and 30% starch levels, respectively. A total 96 crabs were divided into 3 treatment groups. There were 4 replicates per treatment group and 8 crabs per replicate (initial weight 5.12 ± 0.05 g). The crabs fed the diet with 20% starch showed the best growth performance, with higher weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and feed efficiency (FE) compared to the other diets. Increasing starch levels in the diet resulted in higher levels of glycogen and lipid in the muscles and hepatopancreas. The levels of glucose (GLU), triglyceride (TG), and free fatty acid (FFA) displayed a significant increase in both hemolymph and hepatopancreas with the escalating dietary starch concentrations. In contrast, as the dietary starch levels increased, the concentrations of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH) and insulin-like peptides (ILPs) in hemolymph and hepatopancreas demonstrated a notable decline. The glycolysis and pentose phosphorylation pathways were significantly promoted, while the gluconeogenic pathway was significantly inhibited, with dietary starch levels increasing from 10% to 30%. Additionally, increasing dietary starch levels led to a significant down-regulation of genes related to the lipid synthesis, lipolysis and insulin signaling pathway. Histological results showed that hepatopancreas fat accumulation increased with the increase of dietary starch level. Overall, the findings of this study suggest that adding 20% starch to the diet can promote growth and improve nutrient utilization. In addition, the level of dietary starch had significant effects on the glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin signaling pathway of mud crabs, thus affecting the deposition of lipid reserves in hepatopancreas.

Mesona chinensis Benth. (or Platostoma palustre (Blume) A. J. Paton), an edible and medicinal plant, is the main ingredient in black jelly, Hsian-tsao tea, and beverages, and its processed products are popular in China as well as in Southeast Asian countries. Previous studies have shown that the alcohol extract of Mesona chinensis Benth. (MC) can reduce the accumulation of oleic acid and ameliorate hyperlipidemia. However, researchers have not yet determined whether it could improve intestinal permeability and metabolic dysfunction by controlling gut microbial dysbiosis and thus reducing hyperlipidemia. This study aimed to explore the potential mechanism by which MC regulates metabolic function disorders in hyperlipidemic high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats and mice from the perspective of gut microbiota. This study analyzed the effects of MC on metabolic indices related to hyperlipidemia in HFD-fed rats and the abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota via 16S rRNA V3–4 region pyrosequencing to investigate the regulation of the gut microbiota by MC. We further confirmed that MC ameliorates hyperlipidemia by regulating the gut microbiota by simultaneously administering antibiotics and MC to C57BL/6 mice and measuring their metabolic indices. These results indicate that MC reduces the lipid concentration in the serum of HFD-fed rats, thereby significantly alleviating hyperlipidemia, and regulates the abundance ratio and diversity of the gut microbiota, thereby exerting a beneficial effect on hyperlipidemia. Our further antibiotic experiments in mice revealed that the administration of MC was unable to reduce body weight or serum and organ lipid concentrations in the antibiotic-treated group of hyperlipidemic mice. This study provides evidence that the microbiota is an alternative target for the antihyperlipidemic effect of MC.

Noise pollution has become a common public health problem. The harm of noise exposure to human health cannot be ignored. Exposure to noise not only damages the auditory system but also affects the non-auditory system. At present, accumulating domestic and international epidemiological studies have suggested that noise exposure may be related to glycolipid metabolism disturbance. This article summarized recent epidemiological evidence of the association between noise exposure and glucose and lipid metabolism disorders, such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and hyperlipidaemia. The potential biological mechanisms connecting noise exposure to glucolipid metabolism were also introduced, e.g. noise as a stressor, sleep disorders, and intestinal flora regulation. This study discussed the impacts of noise exposure on glycolipid metabolism related diseases, providing a basis for further identifying noise related risk factors, conducting future related research, and formulating scientific and effective prevention and control measures.

Sea cucumber, an important marine food and medicinal resource, contains polysaccharides, which are one of the most important active substances in it. Sulfate groups play an important role in the biological activity of polysaccharides, and sea cucumber sulfated polysaccharides may specifically affect the growth of certain intestinal microorganisms and the production of related metabolites due to their different chemical structures, which contribute to the variable health promoting effects. As a complex ecosystem of the human body, the intestinal flora plays an irreplaceable role in life activities such as nutritional metabolism. Sea cucumber sulfated polysaccharides can be used as prebiotics to alleviate diseases caused by intestinal flora disorder by regulating its composition. This review article summarizes the structures of sea cucumber sulfated polysaccharides, with a focus on the latest progress in research on their influence on glycolipid metabolism through the gut microbiota. These studies will contribute to a better understanding of the health promoting mechanism of sea cucumber sulfated polysaccharides and provide a scientific basis for their application in functional foods.

In artificial breeding, feeding frequency is crucial for maintaining the liver health status in largemouth bronze gudgeon (Coreius guichenoti). Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism governing this relationship remains unclear. The present study aimed to elucidate the effects of feeding frequencies (2 T/D, 2 times day-1; 3 T/D, 3 times day-1) on the liver health of Coreius guichenoti. Groups of juveniles (60 fish group-1) with an initial body weight of 4.91 ± 0.11 g were randomly assigned to 6 tanks. Fish were fed with 2 T/D and 3 T/D for 8 weeks at a feeding rate of 3%. The results showed that the SGR and FER of the 3 T/D were higher than those of the 2 T/D (P