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The main objective of this study is to evaluate the water quality of different rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems and the social acceptance of their reuse in young users as an exploratory approach. Three RWH systems were implemented, and the quality of harvested rainwater was evaluated focusing on physicochemical and in situ parameters. Social acceptance was studied in one of the RWH systems using an adapted technology acceptance model. An informative talk about the operation of RWH was given to the users, who were students from a rural primary school. Surveys were conducted before and after the talk to evaluate the impact of providing information to users. The social acceptance was studied in one of the RWH systems. The results indicated that the harvested rainwater from RWH systems was suitable for reuse in agriculture despite the increase in turbidity and chloride concentrations in the outlet tap. The concentration of turbidity, phosphate as phosphorus, chloride and nitrate ranged between 0.8 and 1.9 NTU, 0.01–0.2 mg/L, 2.8–5.0 mg/L and 0.3–0.9 mg/L, respectively. In the acceptance study, the survey results and correlation analyses showed that providing information to users is crucial for increasing the acceptance of RWH systems. Moreover, this study demonstrated that RWH systems are a viable alternative technology for reusing and supplying water in arid and semiarid areas.

Due to the digitalisation of communication-related productive sectors (journalism, advertising, audiovisual creation, corporate and strategic communications, etc.), having up-to-date technological skills is crucial for joining and remaining in the labour market. In this study, the technological skills demanded from Journalism graduates in Spain by potential employers are analysed using a sample (n=433) of job postings aimed at such graduates on the specialist online platforms LinkedIn and Infojobs. The results show that the labour market available to Journalism graduates is broadly shared with graduates in other disciplines (especially Advertising and Public Relations, and Marketing). Only about 8% of the job postings analysed came from media outlets. Almost 70% were addressed to graduates in Journalism or other graduates in the field of communication and marketing, and only about 20% demanded functions connected with the production of journalistic information. Regarding the technological skills sought, about 60% of the job postings demanded knowledge of at least one specific technological tool, mainly for the tasks of graphic design, layout and image editing; data processing; web content design and management; text editing and presentations; web analytics; and social media. The results suggest that the variety of technological tools used in Journalism university programme teaching will need to be increased in order to facilitate graduate employability.

Anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge is limited at the hydrolysis stage of the process. The goal of this study was to assess the effects of sludge retention times and ultrasound pretreatment on the ammonium concentration and organic matter transformation in anaerobic digesters treating sewage sludge. To achieve this, two laboratory-scale semicontinuous anaerobic digesters were operated for a period of over 70 d, including a control reactor and another fed by pretreated sludge. Both anaerobic systems were fed with mixed sludge (50%/50% primary/secondary treatment) in mesophilic conditions (37 °C), with solid retention times (SRT) of 7.5 d (Phase I) and 3 d (Phase II). The performance of the anaerobic digestion process was assessed in terms of the methane yield and the total and soluble chemical organic demand, total solids, and volatile solids removal. The results showed that the ultrasound pretreatment caused an increase of around 22.2% in CODt removal for an SRT of 7.5 d. Meanwhile, an SRT of 3 d resulted in a decrease of up to 92.4% in CODt removal. The performance in terms of biogas production and organic matter removal was significantly affected by the SRT reduction to 3 d, showing that the process is not viable in these conditions.

El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar cómo los riesgos en la salud asociados a los eventos térmicos extremos se ven modificados por sexo y factores socioeconómicos y demográficos. Empleando la regresión de Poisson se calcularon los riesgos de morbimortalidad asociados a las olas de calor y frío. Se utilizó como variable dependiente la mortalidad diaria e ingresos hospitalarios urgentes, por causas naturales (CIE-X: A00-R99), circulatorias (CIE-X: I00-I99) y respiratorias (CIE-X: J00-J99) procedentes del INE y Madrid Salud. AEMET suministró datos de temperatura mínima (Tmin) y máxima diaria (Tmax) y humedad relativa media diaria del observatorio de Madrid Retiro. Como variable independiente se determinó el número de días con olas de calor y frío, definidas por el umbral de temperatura a partir del cual se dispara la mortalidad. Se controló por periodo, tendencia y contaminación. Con estos modelos, se calcularon los Riesgos Relativos (RR) y Atribuibles (RA) asociados a las variables estadísticamente significativas (p

The main objective of this article is to know and characterize the remakes that have been screened in the Spanish cinemas since the beginning of the 21st century. Through the study of the 162 remakes exhibited between 2000 and 2016, it is possible to know different production and market characteristics of these films and even their relationship with the original films. This study, however, does not reveal anything new regarding the situation of the cinema industry in our country, since also in the field of the remake the dominance of Hollywood is unquestionable: it makes the most remakes, mainly based on its own previous filmography, and when versioning foreign films, it adapts them to their culture. This is a culture that it successfully exports, at least to Spain, as the American remakes are also the ones with the largest audience and the highest-grossing.

Se presentan en este artículo los resultados del proyecto “Mapa de la Investigación en Comunicación en las Universidades Españolas de 2007 a 2018” desde la perspectiva de los métodos y las técnicas de investigación que se han utilizado en las principales prácticas científicas realizadas en España en los últimos 10 años: proyectos I+D+i, artículos científicos publicados en revistas indexadas, comunicaciones presentadas en los congresos de la Asociación Española de Investigadores en Comunicación (AE-IC) y tesis doctorales del ámbito de la comunicación. Las conclusiones permiten corroborar la hipótesis de partida, que confirma al análisis de contenido como la técnica más utilizada en las prácticas científicas analizadas del campo de la comunicación, aunque también se utilizan, en menor proporción, otras técnicas de investigación social: análisis del discurso, entrevistas en profundidad y encuestas.

Introducimos algunas propuestas metodológicas para estudiar las culturas periodísticas, y analizamos las preguntas realizadas a los periodistas en el Worlds of Journalism Study (2012-2015); para, a continuación, articular una perspectiva socio-crítica para investigar las culturas periodísticas. A partir de los niveles propuestos por Hanitzsch (2007): cognitivo, performativo y evaluativo; y con la intención de transcender la perspectiva que éstos aportan y que limita el estudio de las culturas periodísticas a la búsqueda de unos perfiles profesionales previamente definidos, en lugar de profundizar en los factores que definen a las culturas periodísticas (Martínez Nicolás, 2015); planteamos cinco dimensiones de análisis para investigar las culturas periodísticas: 1) Condiciones sociolaborales de los periodistas; 2) Modos de producción y metodologías de trabajo; 3) Relación del medio con empresas y gobierno; 4) Funciones de la información periodística en la vida de los ciudadanos; 5) Uso de la información periodística por parte de la ciudadanía.

Se aborda en el presente artículo una descripción y análisis del sector periodístico destinado a los mayores en España, desde dos puntos de vista: por un lado, elaborar un mapping de medios actualizado y, por otro lado, un estudio de los contenidos publicitarios y editoriales que ofrecen dos revistas relevantes del sector: Sesenta y más, la revista del IMSERSO, y Senda Senior, como propuesta comercial. Pues bien, del estudio empírico realizado se puede concluir que el sector no pasa por su mejor momento, fundamentalmente por el escaso interés publicitario. A pesar de ello, las iniciativas existentes ofrecen un tipo de comunicación que además de dar información de los servicios ofrecidos por las instituciones, también proponen modelos de vida que se ajustan mejor a los nuevos tiempos, perfilando una persona que sin dejar de preocuparse por su salud, sea más activa en el terreno comunicativo, en el lúdico y sobre todo en el cultural.

La investigación que presentamos realiza una comparativa entre los principales semanarios dirigidos a la comunidad latina que se editan en Madrid y Washington. D.C. constatando diferencias en el tratamiento periodístico entre las distintas publicaciones. Y es que si bien los medios dirigidos a la comunidad inmigrante se caracterizan por desarrollar un periodismo de servicio con el que reducir la incertidumbre social con la que con frecuencia conviven sus lectores (una comunidad en la que muchos de sus miembros se encuentran en una situación irregular) se evidencia, en ocasiones, en la prensa latina de D.C. un discurso informativo alejado de esas fórmulas. En demasiadas ocasiones los semanarios latinos que se editan en la capital de los EE.UU. abordan problemáticas de la comunidad latina con titulares excesivamente alarmistas, aspecto éste que apenas se aprecia en las publicaciones latinas que se distribuyen en Madrid, donde los aspectos más alegres de la comunidad inmigrante son los asuntos dominantes.

La aplicación de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) a la enseñanza tiene su máxima expresión en la formación e-learning que ha aterrizado en los últimos años en las facultades de Comunicación. En estos estudios, probablemente por la presencia de asignaturas prácticas y el uso de herramientas tecnológicas, era impensable hace unos años la posibilidad de que pudieran desarrollarse en un modelo de educación a distancia. Sin embargo, el avance de las TIC ha cambiado considerablemente el modelo educativo y ha animado a los centros universitarios a apostar por la enseñanza de comunicación on line. Este artículo da a conocer cuál es la oferta educativa on line en España en el ámbito de las Ciencias de la Comunicación y los diferentes modelos educativos utilizados por los distintos centros. Además, en estas páginas pretendemos poner de manifiesto que estas nuevas ofertas educativas conllevan cambios en las estrategias de enseñanza-aprendizaje, lo cual supone realizar cambios por parte de la comunidad académica, para adecuar sus prácticas docentes al nuevo escenario digital.

Este trabajo trata de comparar, por un lado, la representación de la mujer en los medios de comunicación y, por otro, su percepción por parte de la sociedad. En concreto, se analiza, por su relevancia social y mediática, la mujer política, a través de dos métodos de trabajo: un análisis de contenido sobre las noticias de diversos medios de comunicación y una encuesta que tiene como objetivo detectar los discursos sociales referidos a la mujer en el contexto político. Por último, se establece una comparación entre los resultados de ambos aspectos.

Para indagar en significados, causas y consecuencias de la censura, se realizaron dos grupos de discusión con jóvenes chinos universitarios que viven en Madrid, estando uno de los grupos integrado por jóvenes que cursan o que cursaron estudios relacionados con la comunicación. Si bien se podría pensar que estos jóvenes son contrarios a la censura, en los dos GDs se aportaron argumentos a favor y en contra de la censura. Respecto de qué ocurriría si el GFW (Great Fire Wall) desapareciese, mientras los jóvenes que cursan o que cursaron estudios relacionados con la comunicación manifiestan que China permanecería igual debido a que sus habitantes adolecen de una formación en conciencia ciudadana, en el grupo con participantes que cursan o que han cursado otros estudios, se plantea que se produciría un “shock de pensamiento” que conllevaría la aparición de movimientos sociales, “con la probabilidad de que algunas personas se volviesen locas".

The toxicity of the greater blue-ringed octopus Hapalochlaena lunulata, whose bite is fatal to humans, was examined to better understand and prevent deaths from accidental bites. Living specimens were collected from tide pools on Ishigaki Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, in November and December of 2015, 2016, and 2017. The specimens were examined for the anatomical distribution of the toxicity, which was expressed in terms of mouse units (MU), by the standard bioassay method for tetrodotoxin (TTX) in Japan. Paralytic toxicity to mice was detected in all of the soft parts. The posterior salivary glands exhibited the highest toxicity score with a maximum level of 9276 MU/g, which was classified as “strongly toxic” (more than 1000 MU/g tissue) according to the classification of toxicity established by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan, followed by the hepatopancreas (21.1 to 734.3 MU/g), gonads (not detectable to 167.6 MU/g), arms (5.3 to 130.2 MU/g), and other body areas (17.3 to 107.4 MU/g). Next, the toxin from the salivary glands was partially purified by a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge and an Amicon Ultra Centrifugal Filter with a 3000-Da cut-off, and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) equipped with a φ2.0 × 150-mm (5 μm) TSKgel Amide-80 column (Tosoh, Tokyo, Japan) with a mixture of 16 mM ammonium formate buffer (pH 5.5) and acetonitrile (ratio 3:7, v/v) as a mobile phase. This study aimed to clarify the toxicity and the composition of TTX and its derivatives in this toxic octopus. The main toxin in this toxic octopus was identified as TTX, along with 4-epi TTX, 4, 9-anhydroTTX and 6-epi TTX. Further, the toxicity of this species is also significant from a food hygiene point of view.

Several cases of poisoning resulting in human fatalities and stemming from the ingestion of coral reef crabs have been reported from the Indo-Pacific region. We assessed the toxicity of the unidentified xanthid crab collected from the Camotes Sea off the eastern coast of Cebu Island, central Visayas region of Philippines from the food hygienic point of view. All seven specimens, which were identified with Demania cultripes, collected in 2006 were toxic to mice irrespective of the season of collection and induced paralytic symptoms typical of tetrodotoxin (TTX) and paralytic shellfish poison (PSP). The activity was expressed in mouse unit (MU) being defined as the amount of TTX to kill a 20 g ddY male mice in 30 min after i.p. injection. Toxicity scores for viscera and appendages of specimens were 18.2±16.0 (mean ± S.D.) and 4.4±2.6 MU/g, respectively. The highest individual toxicity scores observed for viscera and appendages were 52.1 and 7.7 MU/g, respectively. The frequency of toxic samples was 100%. Toxin profiles as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescent detection analysis (HPLC-FLD) revealed that TTX was the main toxic principle accounting for about 90% of the total toxicity along with 4-epi TTX and 4,9-anhydroTTX. Furthermore, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed mass fragment ion peaks at m/z 376, 392 and 407, which were characteristic of the quinazoline skeleton (C9-base) specific to TTX. In addition, only a small amount of PSP containing gonyautoxins1–4 and hydroxysaxitoxin was detected. To our knowledge, this is the first report presenting evidence of occurrence of TTX and PSP in the xanthid crab D. cultripes inhabiting waters surrounding Cebu Island. From food hygienic point of view, people in coastal areas should be warned of the potential hazard of this crab in order to prevent its intentional or accidental consumption.

The educational inclusion of gifted students requires not only equity but also emotional accessibility and social participation. However, different studies indicate that gifted students constitute a vulnerable group (for example, the incidence of bullying is higher). Psychosocial variables are determinants for the development and expression of giftedness, particularly during adolescence. This study analyzes the impact of an inclusive extracurricular enrichment program for gifted secondary school students on the well-being of adolescents. The program was based on the enrichment model of Renzulli and Reis (2016). The objective was to develop a cluster to facilitate high-achieving learning in collaboration with teachers, administrators, and guidance counselors from their schools as well as university professors and students that would address their emotions and socialization across the board and benefit or involve their peers in their regular classrooms. The intervention took place over two years: eight sessions, one afternoon per week, for five months during each school year. The sample consisted of 47 students from the first and second years of compulsory secondary education (Educación Secundaria Obligatoria - ESO) (age, mean (M) = 12.57, standard deviation (SD) = 0.82) during the first year and 27 students from the first, second, and third years of ESO (age, M = 13.48, SD = 0.94) during the second year; 61.4% were girls. Participants completed a questionnaire before (T1) and (T3) and after (T2) and (T4) each intervention. The results show better outcomes for psychological and subjective well-being, more positive moods, and a significant reduction in school fears. The results from this study indicate the importance of educational screening and support for gifted students to promote their well-being through collaborative enrichment activities.