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2. Ocean current connectivity propelling the secondary spread of a marine invasive comb jelly across western Eurasia

Author

Jaspers, Cornelia, Huwer, Bastian, Antajan, Elvire, Hosia, Aino, Hinrichsen, Hans-Harald, Biastoch, Arne, Angel, Dror, Asmus, Ragnhild, Augustin, Christina, Bagheri, Siamak, Beggs, Steven E., Balsby, Thorsten J. S., Boersma, Maarten, Bonnet, Delphine, Christensen, Jens T., Dänhardt, Andreas, Delpy, Floriane, Falkenhaug, Tone, Finenko, Galina, Fleming, Nicholas E. C., Fuentes, Veronica, Galil, Bella, Gittenberger, Arjan, Griffin, Donal C., Haslob, Holger, Javidpour, Jamileh, Kamburska, Lyudmila, Kube, Sandra, Langenberg, Victor T., Lehtiniemi, Maiju, Lombard, Fabien, Malzahn, Arne, Marambio, Macarena, Mihneva, Vaselina, Møller, Lene Friis, Niermann, Ulrich, Okyar, Melek Isinibilir, Özdemir, Zekiye Birinci, Pitois, Sophie, Reusch, Thorsten B. H., Robbens, Johan, Stefanova, Kremena, Thibault, Delphine, van der Veer, Henk W., Vansteenbrugge, Lies, van Walraven, Lodewijk, and Woźniczka, Adam

Published
2018

3. Marine Non-Indigenous Species Dynamics in Time and Space within the Coastal Waters of the Republic of Ireland.

Author

Gittenberger, Arjan, Mirimin, Luca, Boyd, John, O'Beirn, Francis, Devine, Grainne, O'Brien, Martina, Rensing, Marjolein, O'Dwyer, Katie, and Gittenberger, Edmund

Subjects
*TERRITORIAL waters, *SERVER farms (Computer network management), *BIOLOGICAL evolution, *INTRODUCED species
Abstract

Documenting temporal and spatial occurrence trends of Non-Indigenous Species (NIS) is essential to understand vectors and pathways of introduction, and for horizon scanning for future introductions. This study provides an overview of marine NIS found in the Republic of Ireland up to 2020. Taxonomic groups, species origin, and location of first reporting (counties) were compiled and analysed focusing on the last three decades. While the unambiguous characterisation of introduction events is challenging, analysis of 110 species corroborated the global weight of evidence that shipping activities to/from ports and marinas are the most likely vectors and pathways in Ireland. A comparable review study for the Netherlands revealed that most NIS were first introduced to mainland Europe and subsequently would take on average >15 years to reach Ireland. In the last two decades there has been an increase in NIS-focused surveys in Ireland. Incorporating data from these surveys in centralized national repositories such as the National Biodiversity Data Centre, will strongly aid the evaluation of potential NIS management responses. Furthermore, the availability of robust baseline data as well as predictions of future invaders and their associated vectors and pathways will facilitate the effective application of emerging monitoring technologies such as DNA-based approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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4. Non-Indigenous Species Dynamics in Time and Space within the Coastal Waters of The Netherlands.

Author

Gittenberger, Arjan, Rensing, Marjolein, Faasse, Marco, van Walraven, Lodewijk, Smolders, Sander, Keeler Perez, Helena, and Gittenberger, Edmund

Subjects
*TERRITORIAL waters, *PACIFIC oysters, *BRACKISH waters, *SEAWATER, *BIOLOGICAL evolution, *INTRODUCED species
Abstract

Information on temporal and spatial trends with regard to the introduction of non-indigenous species (NIS) is often sparsely available. These trends may potentially help improve the design and focus of monitoring programs, give insights into new pathways and hotspots, and facilitate horizon scanning. We provide an overview of 215 marine and brackish water NIS recorded in The Netherlands. Temporal trends over the most recent three decades for taxonomic groups, species origin, introduction vectors, and water systems were analysed. We attempt to explain the observed patterns and discuss factors that hamper their explanation. A shift in the region of origin from Pacific to W Atlantic can potentially be linked to legislation prohibiting Pacific oyster imports, whereas a subsequent shift backwards cannot. Case studies illustrate that NIS may not be first detected in the water systems where they were originally introduced. Additionally, it is shown that changes in allegedly native species' distribution or seasonal pattern should be linked to an introduced cryptic NIS instead. We also discuss the shortcomings of monitoring programs that were originally not focused on NIS, the importance of naturalists' observations, and the added value of a more recent network that is focused on NIS detection in the coastal waters of The Netherlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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5. Spatial synchronies in the seasonal occurrence of larvae of oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and mussels (Mytilus edulis/galloprovincialis) in European coastal waters

Author

Philippart, Catharina J.M., Amaral, Ana, Asmus, Ragnhild, van Bleijswijk, Judith, Bremner, Julie, Buchholz, Fred, Cabanellas-Reboredo, Miguel, Catarino, Diana, Cattrijsse, André, Charles, François, Comtet, Thierry, Cunha, Alexandra, Deudero, Salud, Duchêne, Jean-Claude, Fraschetti, Simonetta, Gentil, Franck, Gittenberger, Arjan, Guizien, Katell, Gonçalves, João M., Guarnieri, Giuseppe, Hendriks, Iris, Hussel, Birgit, Vieira, Raquel Pinheiro, Reijnen, Bastian T., Sampaio, Iris, Serrao, Ester, Pinto, Isabel Sousa, Thiebaut, Eric, Viard, Frédérique, and Zuur, Alain F.

Published
2012
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6. Status and Trends in the Rate of Introduction of Marine Non-Indigenous Species in European Seas.

Author

Zenetos, Argyro, Tsiamis, Konstantinos, Galanidi, Marika, Carvalho, Natacha, Bartilotti, Cátia, Canning-Clode, João, Castriota, Luca, Chainho, Paula, Comas-González, Robert, Costa, Ana C., Dragičević, Branko, Dulčić, Jakov, Faasse, Marco, Florin, Ann-Britt, Gittenberger, Arjan, Jakobsen, Hans, Jelmert, Anders, Kerckhof, Francis, Lehtiniemi, Maiju, and Livi, Silvia

Subjects
INTRODUCED species, SEAWATER
Abstract

Invasive alien species are a major worldwide driver of biodiversity change. The current study lists verified records of non-indigenous species (NIS) in European marine waters until 2020, with the purpose of establishing a baseline, assessing trends, and discussing appropriate threshold values for good environmental status (GES) according to the relevant European legislation. All NIS records were verified by national experts and trends are presented in six-year assessment periods from 1970 to 2020 according to the European Union Marine Strategy Framework Directive. Altogether, 874 NIS have been introduced to European marine waters until 2020 with the Mediterranean Sea and North-East Atlantic Ocean hosting most of the introductions. Overall, the number of new introductions has steadily increased since 2000. The annual rate of new introductions reached 21 new NIS in European seas within the last six-year assessment period (2012–2017). This increase is likely due to increased human activities and research efforts that have intensified during the early 21st century within European Seas. As Europe seas are not environmentally, nor geographically homogenous, the setting of threshold values for assessing GES requires regional expertise. Further, once management measures are operational, pathway-specific threshold values would enable assessing the effectiveness of such measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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7. Marine Strategy Framework Directive- Descriptor 2, Non-Indigenous Species

Author

Tsiamis, Konstantinos, Palialexis, Andreas, Connor, David, Antoniadis, Stavros, Bartilotti, Cátia, Bartolo, G. Angela, Berggreen, Ulrik Christian, Boschetti, Simona, Buschbaum, Christian, Canning-Clode, João, Carbonell, Aina, Castriota, Luca, Corbeau, Clemence, Costa, Ana, Cvitković, Ivan, Despalatović, Marija, Dragičević, Branko, Dulčić, Jakov, Fortič, Ana, Francé, Janja, Gittenberger, Arjan, Gizzi, Francesca, Gollasch, Stephan, Gruszka, Piotr, Hegarty, Mary, Hema, Tatjana, Jensen, Kathe, Josephides, Marios, Kabuta, Saa, Kerckhof, Francis, Kovtun-Kante, Anastasiia, Krakau, Manuela, Kraśniewski, Wojciech, Lackschewitz, Dagmar, Lehtiniemi, Maiju, Lieberum, Christian, Linnamägi, Merike, Lipej, Lovrenc, Livi, Silvia, Lundgreen, Kim, Magliozzi, Chiara, Massé, Cécile, Mavrič, Borut, Michailidis, Nikolas, Moncheva, Snejana, Mozetič, Patricija, Naddafi, Rahmat, Ninčević, Gladan Živana, Ojaveer, Henn, Olenin, Sergej, Orlando-Bonaca, Martina, Ouerghi, Atef, Parente, Manuela, Pavlova, Petya, Peterlin, Monika, Pitacco, Valentina, Png- Gonzalez, Lydia, Rousou, Maria, Sala-Pérez, Manuel, Serrano, Alberto, Skorupski, Jakub, Smolders, Sander, Srebaliene, Greta, Stæhr, Peter Anton, Stefanova, Kremena, Strake, Solvita, Tabarcea, Cristina, Todorova, Valentina, Trkov, Domen, Tuaty-Guerra, Miriam, Vidjak, Olja, Zenetos, Argyro, Žuljević, Ante, and Cardoso, Ana Cristina

Subjects
biodiversity, ecosystem, environmental impact, environmental protection, marine ecosystem, marine life, protection of animal life, report
Published
2021

8. Delivering solid recommendations for setting threshold values for non-indigenous species pressure on European seas:Marine Strategy Framework Directive Descriptor 2, Non-Indigenous Species

Author

Tsiamis, Konstantinos, Palialexis, Andreas, Connor, David, Antoniadis, Stavros, Bartilotti, Cátia, Bartolo, Angela G., Berggreen, Ulrik Christian, Boschetti, Simona, Buschbaum, Christian, Canning-Clode, João, Carbonell, Aina, Castriota, Luca, Corbeau, Clemence, Costa, Ana, Cvitković, Ivan, Despalatović, Marija, Dragičević, Branko, Dulčić, Jakov, Fortič, Ana, Francé, Janja, Gittenberger, Arjan, Gizzi, Francesca, Gollasch, Stephan, Gruszka, Piotr, Hegarty, Mary, Hema, Tatjana, Jensen, Kathe, Josephides, Marios, Kabuta, Saa Henry, Kerckhof, Francis, Kovtun-Kante, Anastasiia, Krakau, Manuela, Kraśniewski, Wojciech, Lackschewitz, Dagmar, Lehtiniemi, Maiju, Lieberum, Christian, Linnamägi, Merike, Lipej, Lovrenc, Livi, Silvia, Lundgreen, Kim, Magliozzi, Chiara, Massé, Cécile, Mavrič, Borut, Michailidis, Nikolas, Moncheva, Snejana, Mozetič, Patricija, Naddafi, Rahmat, Gladan, Živana Ničević, Ojaveer, Henn, Olenin, Sergej, Orlando-Bonaca, Martina, Ouerghi, Atef, Parente, Manuela, Pavlova, Petya, Peterlin, Monika, Pitacco, Valentina, Png-Gonzalez, Lydia, Rousou, Maria, Sala-Pérez, Manuel, Serrano, Alberto, Skorupski, Jakub, Smolders, Sander, Srébaliené, Greta, Stæhr, Peter A., Stefanova, Kremena, Straeke, Solvita, Tabarcea, Cristina, Todorova, Valentina, Trkov, Domen, Tuaty-Guerra, Miriam, Vidjak, Olja, Zenetos, Argyro, Žuljević, Ante, and Candoso, Ana Cristina

Abstract

Marine Non-Indigenous Species (NIS) are animals and plants introduced accidently or deliberately into the European seas, originating from other seas of the globe. About 800 marine non-indigenous species (NIS)currently occur in the European Union national marine waters, several of which have negative impacts on marine ecosystem services and biodiversity. Under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) Descriptor 2 (D2), EU Member States (MSs) need to consider NIS in their marine management strategies. The Descriptor D2 includes one primary criterion (D2C1: new NIS introductions), and two secondary criteria (D2C2 and D2C3). The D2 implementation is characterized by a number of issues and uncertainties which can be applicable to the Descriptor level (e.g. geographical unit of assessment, assessment period, phytoplanktonic, parasitic, oligohaline NIS, etc.), to the primary criterion D2C1 level (e.g. threshold values, cryptogenic, questionable species, etc), and to the secondary criteria D2C2 and D2C3. The current report tackles these issues and provides practical recommendations aiming at a smoother and more efficient implementation of D2 and its criteria at EU level. They constitute a solid operational output which can result in more comparable D2 assessments among MSsand MSFD regions/subregions. When it comes to the policy-side, the current report calls for a number of different categories of NIS to be reported in D2 assessments, pointing the need for the species to be labelled/categorised appropriately in the MSFD reporting by the MSs. These suggestions are proposed to be communicated to the MSFD Working Group of Good Environmental Status (GES) and subsequently to the Marine Strategy Coordination Group (MSCG) of MSFD. Moreover, they can serve as an input for revising the Art. 8 Guidelines.

Published
2021

9. Marine Strategy Framework Directive- Descriptor 2, Non-Indigenous Species : delivering solid recommendations for setting threshold values for non-indigenous species pressure on European seas

Author

Tsiamis, Konstantinos, Palialexis, Andreas, Connor, David, Antoniadis, Stavros, Bartilotti, Catia, Bartolo, Angela G., Berggreen, Ulrik Christian, Boschetti, Simona, Buschbaum, Christian, Canning-Clode, Joao, Carbonell, Aina, Castriota, Luca, Corbeau, Clemence, Costa, Ana C., Cvitkovic, Ivan, Despalatovic, Marija, Dragicevic, Branko, Dulcic, Jakov, Fortič, Ana, Francé, Janja, Gittenberger, Arjan, Gizzi, Francesca, Gollasch, Stephan, Gruszka, Piotr, Hegarty, Mary, Hema, Tatjana, Jensen, Kathe, Josephides, Marios, Kabuta, Saa Henry, Kerckhof, Francis, Kovtun-Kante, Anastasiia, Krakau, Manuela, Krasniewski, Wojciech, Lackschewitz, Dagmar, Lehtiniemi, Maiju, Lieberum, Christian, Linnamägi, Merike, Lipej, Lovrenc, Livi, Silvia, Lundgreen, Kim, Magliozzi, Chiara, Massé, Cécile, Mavrič, Borut, Michailidis, Nikolas, Moncheva, Snejana, Mozetič, Patricija, Ninčević, Gladan Živana, Naddafi, Rahmat, Ojaveer, Henn, Olenin, Sergej, Orlando-Bonaca, Martina, Ouerghi, Atef, Parente, Manuela, Pavlova, Petya, Peterlin, Monika, Pitacco, Valentina, Png-Gonzalez, Lydia, Rousou, Maria, Sala-Pérez, Manuel, Serrano, Alberto, Skorupski, Jakub, Smolders, Sander, Srebaliene, Greta, Staehr, Peter A., Stefanova, Kremena, Strāke, Solvita, Tabarcea, Christina, Todorova, Valentina, Trkov, Domen, Tuaty-Guerra, Miriam, Vidjak, Olja, Zenetos, Argyro, Zuljevic, Ante, and De Jesus Cardoso, Anna-Christina

Subjects
Ecology
Abstract

Marine Non-Indigenous Species (NIS)are animals and plants introduced accidently or deliberately into the European seas, originating from other seas of the globe. About 800 marine non-indigenous species (NIS)currently occurin the European Union national marine waters, several of which have negative impacts on marine ecosystem services and biodiversity. Under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) Descriptor 2 (D2), EU Member States(MSs)need toconsider NIS in their marine management strategies. The Descriptor D2 includes one primary criterion (D2C1: new NIS introductions),and two secondary criteria (D2C2and D2C3). The D2 implementation is characterized by a number of issues and uncertaintieswhich can beapplicable to the Descriptor level (e.g. geographical unit of assessment, assessment period, phytoplanktonic, parasitic, oligohaline NIS, etc.), to the primary criterion D2C1 level (e.g. threshold values, cryptogenic, questionable species, etc), and to the secondary criteria D2C2 and D2C3. The current report tackles these issues and provides practical recommendations aiming at a smoother and more efficient implementation of D2 and its criteria at EU level. They constitute a solid operational output whichcan result in more comparable D2 assessments among MSsand MSFD regions/subregions. When it comes to the policy-side, the current report callsfor a number of different categories of NIS to be reported in D2 assessments, pointing the need for the species to be labelled/categorised appropriately in the MSFD reporting by the MSs.These suggestions are proposed to be communicated to the MSFD WorkingGroup of Good Environmental Status (GES)and subsequently to the Marine Strategy Coordination Group (MSCG) of MSFD. Moreover, they can serve as an input for revising the Art. 8 Guidelines.

Published
2021

10. Marine strategy framework directive, descriptor 2, non-indigenous species Delivering solid recommendations for setting threshold values for non-indigenous species pressure on European seas

Author

Costa, Ana, Cvitković, Ivan, Despalatović, Marija, Dragičević, Branko, Dulčić, Jakov, Fortič, Ana, Francé Janja, Gittenberger, Arjan, Gizzi, Francesca, Gollasch, Stephan, Gruszka, Piotr, Hegarty, Mary, Hema, Tatjana, Jensen, Kathe, Josephides, Marios, K., S., K., F., K.- K., A., Krakau, Manuela, Kraśniewski, Wojciech, Lackschewitz, Dagmar, Lehtiniemi, Maiju, Lieberum, Christian, Linnamägi, Merike, Lipej, Lovrenc, Livi, Silvia, Lundgreen, Kim, Magliozzi, Chiara, M., C., Mavrič, Borut, Michailidis, Nikolas, Moncheva, Snejana, Mozetič, Patricija, N., R., Ninčević Gladan, Živana, Ojaveer, Henn, Olenin, Sergej, Orlando- Bonaca, Martina, Ouerghi, Atef, Parente, Manuela, Pavlova, Petya, Peterlin, Monika, Pitacco, Valentina, Png-Gonzalez, Lydia, Rousou, Maria, Sala-Pérez, Manuel, Serrano, Alberto, Skorupski, Jakub, Todorova, Valentina, Trkov, Domen, T.- G., M., Vidjak, Olja, Z., A., and Žuljević, Ante

Subjects
biodiversity : ecosystem, environmental impact, environmental protection, marine ecosystem, marine life, protection of animal life, report
Abstract

Marine Non-Indigenous Species (NIS) are animals and plants introduced accidently or deliberately into the European seas, originating from other seas of the globe. About 800 marine non-indigenous species (NIS) currently occur in the European Union national marine waters, several of which have negative impacts on marine ecosystem services and biodiversity. Under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) Descriptor 2 (D2), EU Member States (MSs) need to consider NIS in their marine management strategies. The Descriptor D2 includes one primary criterion (D2C1: new NIS introductions), and two secondary criteria (D2C2 and D2C3). The D2 implementation is characterized by a number of issues and uncertainties which can be applicable to the Descriptor level (e.g. geographical unit of assessment, assessment period, phytoplanktonic, parasitic, oligohaline NIS, etc.), to the primary criterion D2C1 level (e.g. threshold values, cryptogenic, questionable species, etc), and to the secondary criteria D2C2 and D2C3. The current report tackles these issues and provides practical recommendations aiming at a smoother and more efficient implementation of D2 and its criteria at EU level. They constitute a solid operational output which can result in more comparable D2 assessments among MSs and MSFD regions/subregions. When it comes to the policy- side, the current report calls for a number of different categories of NIS to be reported in D2 assessments, pointing the need for the species to be labelled/categorised appropriately in the MSFD reporting by the MSs. These suggestions are proposed to be communicated to the MSFD Working Group of Good Environmental Status (GES) and subsequently to the Marine Strategy Coordination Group (MSCG) of MSFD. Moreover, they can serve as an input for revising the Art. 8 Guidelines.

Published
2021

11. Research Infrastructures offer capacity to address scientific questions never attempted before: Are all taxa equal?

Author

Arvanitidis, Christos D, Warwick, Richard M, Somerfield, Paul J, Pavloudi, Christina, Pafilis, Evangelos, Oulas, Anastassis, Chatzigeorgiou, Giorgos, Gerovasileiou, Vasilis, Patkos, Theodoros, Bailly, Nicolas, Hernandez, Francisco, Vanhoorne, Bart, Vandepitte, Leen, Appeltans, Ward, Adlard, Robert, Adriaens, Peter, Kee-Jeong, Ahn, Shane, Ahyong, Nesrine, Akkari, Anderson, Gary, Martin, Angel, Arango, Claudia, Artois, Tom, Atkinson, Stephen, Bank, Ruud, Barber, Anthony D, Barbosa, Joao P, Bartsch, Ilse, Bellan-Santini, Denise, Bernot, Jimmy, Berta, Annalisa, Bieler, Rüdiger, Błażewicz, Magda, Bock, Phil, Böttger-Schnack, Ruth, Bouchet, Philippe, Boury-Esnault, Nicole, Boxshall, Geoff, Boyko, Christopher B, Nunes Brandão, Simone, Bray, Rod, Bruce, Niel L, Cairns, Stephen, Campinas Bezerra, Tania N, Cárdenas, Paco, Chan, Benny KK, Chan, Tin-Yam, Cheng, Lanna, Churchill, Morgan, Corbari, Laure, Cordeiro, Ralf, Cornils, Astrid, Crandall, Keith A, Cribb, Thomas, Dhondt, Jean-Loup, Daly, Meg, Daneliya, Mikhail, Dauvin, Jean-Claude, Davie, Peter, De Broyer, Claude, De Mazancourt, Valentin, De Voogd, Nicole, Decker, Peter, Defaye, Danielle, Dijkstra, Henk, Dohrmann, Martin, Domning, Daryl, Downey, Rachel, Drapun, Inna, Eisendle-Flöckner, Ursula, Ewers-Saucedo, Christine, Faber, Marien, Figueroa, Diego, Finn, Julian, Fonseca, Gustavo, Fordyce, Ewan, Foster, William, Furuya, Hidetaka, Galea, Horia, Garcia-Alvarez, Oscar, Garic, Rade, Gasca, Rebeca, Gaviria-Melo, Santiago, Gerken, Sarah, Gibson, David, Gil, João, Gittenberger, Arjan, Glasby, Chris, Gofas, Serge, Gómez-Noguera, Samuel E, González-Solís, David, Gordon, Dennis, Grabowski, Michal, Gravili, Cinzia, Guerra-García, José M, Guidetti, Roberto, Guilini, Katja, Hadfield, Kerry A, Hendrycks, Ed, Herrera, Bachiller, Ho, Ju-Shey, Høeg, Jens, Holovachov, Oleksandr, Hooge, Matthew D, Hooper, John, Horton, Tammy, Hughes, Lauren, Hyžný, Matús, Moretti, Luiz IF, Iseto, Tohru, Ivanenko, Viatcheslav N, Jarms, Gerhard, Jaume, Damià, Jazdzewski, Krzysztof, Karanovic, Ivana, Kim, Young-Hyo, King, Rachael, Klautau, Michelle, Kolb, Jürgen, Kotov, Alexey, Krapp-Schickel, Traudl, Kremenetskaia, Antonina, Kristensen, Reinhardt, Kroh, Andreas, Kullander, Sven, La Perna, Rafael, LeCroy, Sara, Leduc, Daniel, Lemaitre, Rafael, Lörz, Anne-Nina, Lowry, Jim, Macpherson, Enrique, Madin, Larry, Mamos, Tomasz, Manconi, Renata, Marshall, Bruce, Marshall, David J, Martin, Patrick, McInnes, Sandra, Mees, Jan, Meidla, Tõnu, Merrin, Kelly, Miljutin, Dmitry, Mills, Claudia, Mokievsky, Vadim, Molodtsova, Tina, Mooi, Rich, Morandini, André C, Moreira Da Rocha, Rosana, Moretzsohn, Fabio, Mortelmans, Jonas, Mortimer, Jeanne, Musco, Luigi, Neubauer, Thomas A, Neubert, Eike, Neuhaus, Peter NG, Nguyen, Anh D, Nielsen, Claus, Norenburg, Jon, OHara, Tim, Okahashi, Hisayo, Opresko, Dennis, Osawa, Masayuki, Ota, Yuzo, Paulay, Gustav, Perrier, Vincent, Perrin, William, Petrescu, Iorgu, Picton, Bernard, Pilger, John F, Pisera, Andrzej, Polhemus, Dan, Poore, Gary, Reimer, James D, Reip, Hans, Reuscher, Michael, Rios Lopez, Pilar, Rius, Marc, Rützler, Klaus, Rzhavsky, Alexander, Saiz-Salinas, José, Sartori, André F, Schatz, Heinrich, Schierwater, Bernd, Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas, Schneider, Simon, Schönberg, Christine, Senna, André R, Serejo, Cristiana, Shaik, Shabuddin, Shamsi, Shokoofeh, Sharma, Jyotsna, Shenkar, Noa, Shinn, Andrew, Sicinski, Jacek, Siegel, Volker, Sierwald, Petra, Simmons, Elizabeth, Sinniger, Frederic, Sivell, Duncan, Sket, Boris, Smit, Harry, Smol, Nicole, Souza-Filho, Jesser F, Spelda, Jörg, Stampar, Sérgio N, Stienen, Eric, Stoev, Pavel, Stöhr, Sabine, Strand, Malin, Suárez-Morales, Eduardo, Summers, Mindi, Swalla, Billie J, Taiti, Stefano, Tanaka, Masaatsu, Tandberg, Anne H, Tang, Danny, Tasker, Mark, ten Hove, Harry, ter Poorten, Jan J, Thomas, Jim, Thuesen, Erik V, Thuy, Ben, Timi, Juan T, Todaro, Antonio, Turon, Xavier, Uetz, Peter, Utevsky, Sergiy, Vacelet, Jean, Väinölä, Risto, van der Meij, Sancia ET, van Haaren, Ton, Venekey, Virág, Vos, Chris, Walker-Smith, Genefor, Walter, Chad T, Watling, Les, Wayland, Matthew, Whipps, Christopher, Williams, Gary, Wilson, Robin, Yasuhara, Moriaki, Zanol, Joana, and Zeidler, Wolfgang

Abstract

Research Infrastructures (RIs) are facilities, resources and services used by the scientific community to conduct research and foster innovation. LifeWatch ERIC has developed various virtual research environments, which include many virtual laboratories (vLabs) offering high computational capacity and comprehensive collaborative platforms that supporting the needs of digital biodiversity science. Over its 250 years of history, the taxonomic research community has developed a system for describing, classifying and naming taxa across multiple levels. For the marine biota, taxonomic information is organized and made publicly available through the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) that records more than 250,000 described valid species. Although scientists tend to assign an equal status (in terms of contribution to overall diversity) to each taxon used in taxonomy, biogeography, ecology and biodiversity, the question “are all taxa equal?” has never been tested at a global scale. We present evidence that this question can be addressed by applying relatedness indices (Taxonomic Distinctness) over the entire WoRMS metazoan tree. The RvLab, developed by the LifeWatchGreece RI, operating on a high-performance computer cluster, has been used to meet the high computational demands required for such an analysis at a global scale.

Published
2018
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12. Traits and depth: What do hydroids tell us about morphology and life‐history strategies in the deep sea?

Author

Fernandez, Marina Oliveira, Collins, Allen G., Gittenberger, Arjan, Roy, Kaustuv, Marques, Antonio Carlos, and McGill, Brian

Subjects
HYDROZOA, GENETIC recombination, OCEAN mining, MORPHOLOGY, NATURAL history, DEEP-sea corals, SEAS, LIFE history theory
Abstract

Aim: Traits affect the survival and reproduction of individuals in different habitat conditions, ultimately altering their distributions. In the oceans, changes in environmental conditions with bathymetry may influence the occurrence of specific traits. Therefore, characterizing trait variation with depth can illuminate drivers related to the distribution of diversity of forms, functions, and life histories. We aimed to investigate patterns of variation in the diversified life histories and morphologies of hydroids with depth, integrating these patterns with the natural history of the group and ecological principles of the deep sea. Location: Atlantic Ocean and adjacent polar seas, from 50 to 5,330 m deep. Time period: Present day. Major taxa studied: Hydrozoa. Methods: Analyses were based on 14 traits collected for a total of 4,668 specimens of hydroids, belonging to 438 species. Records were divided into 12 depth strata for comparisons. We evaluated: how each trait varies with depth; whether variation in some traits is affected by the presence of other traits; how traits covary; and similarities in trait compositions among depth strata. Results: Traits of hydroids vary with depth, with more pronounced differences for regions deeper than 1,000 m. Hydroids are generally smaller, infertile, solitary, meroplanktonic, and devoid of protective structures with increasing depth. The relationship, however, is not always linear. Also, some covariation and correlation between traits was evident. For example, depth may affect size differently according to the presence of specific traits such as structures protecting against predation. The lower proportion of fertile specimens recorded in the deep sea suggests that chances for genetic recombination are reduced in deep‐sea populations, ultimately leading to a slower rate of evolution. Main conclusions: We identified novel trends in hydroid trait variation with depth by combining observations on morphology, ecology, and life history, clarifying selection pressures on hydroids in the deep sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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13. Mollusc species from the Pontocaspian region - an expert opinion list.

Author

Wesselingh, Frank P., Neubauer, Thomas A., Anistratenko, Vitaliy V., Vinarski, Maxim V., Yanina, Tamara, ter Poorten, Jan Johan, Kijashko, Pavel, Albrecht, Christian, Anistratenko, Olga Yu., D'Hont, Anouk, Frolov, Pavel, Gándara, Alberto Martínez, Gittenberger, Arjan, Gogaladze, Aleksandre, Karpinsky, Mikhail, Lattuada, Matteo, Popa, Luis, Sands, Arthur F., van de Velde, Sabrina, and Vandendorpe, Justine

Subjects
MOLLUSKS, SPECIES, SPECIES diversity, NUMBERS of species, DATA distribution, ENDEMIC animals
Abstract

Defining and recording the loss of species diversity is a daunting task, especially if identities of species under threat are not fully resolved. An example is the Pontocaspian biota. The mostly endemic invertebrate faunas that evolved in the Black Sea - Caspian Sea - Aral Sea region and live under variable salinity conditions are undergoing strong change, yet within several groups species boundaries are not well established. Collection efforts in the past decade have failed to produce living material of various species groups whose taxonomic status is unclear. This lack of data precludes an integrated taxonomic assessment to clarify species identities and estimate species richness of Pontocaspian biota combining morphological, ecological, genetic, and distribution data. In this paper, we present an expert-working list of Pontocaspian and invasive mollusc species associated to Pontocaspian habitats. This list is based on published and unpublished data on morphology, ecology, anatomy, and molecular biology. It allows us to (1) document Pontocaspian mollusc species, (2) make species richness estimates, and (3) identify and discuss taxonomic uncertainties. The endemic Pontocaspian mollusc species richness is estimated between 55 and 99 species, but there are several groups that may harbour cryptic species. Even though the conservation status of most of the species is not assessed or data deficient, our observations point to deterioration for many of the Pontocaspian species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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14. A molecularly based phylogeny reconstruction of mushroom corals (Scleractinia: Fungiidae) with taxonomic consequences and evolutionary implications for life history traits.

Author

Gittenberger, Arjan, Reijnen, Bastian T., and Hoeksema, Bert W.

Subjects
*PHYLOGENY, *FUNGIIDAE, *DNA, *CYTOCHROME oxidase, *SCLERACTINIA, *LIFE history theory
Abstract

The phylogenetic relationships of the Fungiidae, a family of pre-dominantly free-living, zooxanthellate, reef corals, were studied by sequencing a part of the mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I (COT) and the complete ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) I & II of specimens from various locations in the Indo-West Pacific. Some sequences were retrieved by using fungiid-specific primers on DNA-extracts from parasitic gastropods living with these corals. The analyses were performed both including and excluding intraspecific variation to investigate the potential effect of saturation. Even though the present molecular phylogeny reconstructions largely reflect those based on morphological characters, there are some distinct differences. Three major clades are distinguished, one of which consists of species with relatively long tentacles. The two other major clades cannot yet be clearly separated from each other morphologically. Several polyphyletic taxa were detected and some genera and species that previously were considered closely related to each other, appear not to be so. Proposed nomenclatorial changes include amongst others the upgrading of subgenera in Fun gia to genus level. A few species moved from one genus to another. Among all Fungiidae, the loss of the ability to become free-living appears to have evolved independently as reversals in four separate clades, including two that were previously assumed to be sister groups. The evolution of corals with additional (secondary) mouths leading to polystomatous growth forms from corals with only a single primary mouth (monostomatous growth form) appears to have occurred independently ten times: seven times by extrastomatal budding and three times by intrastomatal budding. In two clades, Herpolitha and Polyphyllia, both mechanisms co-evolved. In general there is no clear relationship between the loss of a free-living phase and the evolution of multiple mouths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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15. The Magnitude of Global Marine Species Diversity

Author

Kristian Fauchald, Gary C. B. Poore, Rosana M. Rocha, Mark L. Tasker, William F. Perrin, Gretchen Lambert, Magdalena Błażewicz-Paszkowycz, Mark J. Costello, Patsy A. McLaughlin, Michael D. Guiry, Christer Erséus, Andreas Schmidt-Rhaesa, Daryl P. Domning, Jan Vanaverbeke, John F. Pilger, Bert W. Hoeksema, Jürgen B. Kolb, Gary C. Williams, Claus Nielsen, Dennis P. Gordon, Tarmo Timm, Daphne G. Fautin, Alan Warren, Matt Longshaw, Christian C. Emig, Geoffrey B. Read, Peter Uetz, Birger Neuhaus, Simon P. Wilson, Jon L. Norenburg, Reinhardt Møbjerg Kristensen, Marco Curini-Galletti, Nico Koedam, Francisco Hernandez, Niel L. Bruce, Damià Jaume, Noa Shenkar, Erik V. Thuesen, Kareen E. Schnabel, Tin-Yam Chan, Christopher L. Mah, David Lazarus, Andreas Kroh, Russell R. Hopcroft, Jan Mees, Serge Gofas, Stefan Koenemann, Kenneth Meland, Wolfgang Sterrer, Tina N. Molodtsova, Caryn Self-Sullivan, Hidetaka Furuya, Seth Tyler, Genefor Walker-Smith, Marc Rius, Volker Siegel, Ward Appeltans, Farid Dahdouh-Guebas, Enrico Schwabe, Jacob van der Land, Wim Decock, Thomas H. Cribb, Marilyn Schotte, Dennis M. Opresko, M. Antonio Todaro, Sabine Stöhr, Peter Schuchert, Martin V. Angel, David I. Gibson, Claudia E. Mills, T. Chad Walter, Sarah Gerken, Allen Gilbert Collins, J.I. Saiz-Salinas, Rafael Lemaitre, Hendrik Segers, Stephen D. Cairns, Stephen W. Feist, Gustav Paulay, Leen van Ofwegen, James Davis Reimer, Sammy De Grave, Ilse Bartsch, Roger N. Bamber, Charles H. J. M. Fransen, Peter J. F. Davie, Simone N. Brandão, Óscar García-Álvarez, Arjan Gittenberger, Nicole J. de Voogd, Nicolas Bailly, Victor Scarabino, Jim Lowry, Christopher B. Boyko, Gary L. Anderson, Paul M. Kirk, P.R. Pugh, Phil Bock, Bernd Schierwater, Laurence P. Madin, Tom Artois, Xavier Turon, Bart Vanhoorne, Annalisa Berta, Anthony Barber, R. A. Bray, William N. Eschmeyer, Shane T. Ahyong, Enrique Macpherson, Rich Mooi, Billie J. Swalla, Charles G. Messing, Liza Gómez-Daglio, Masayuki Osawa, Peter K. L. Ng, Geoff A. Boxshall, Gill Mapstone, Rob W. M. Van Soest, Michael N Dawson, Lanna Cheng, Olivier De Clerck, Appeltans, Ward, Ahyong, Shane T., Anderson, Gary, Angel, Martin V., ARTOIS, Tom, Bailly, Nicolas, Bamber, Roger, Barber, Anthony, Bartsch, Ilse, Berta, Annalisa, Blazewicz-Paszkowycz, Magdalena, Bock, Phil, Boxshall, Geoff, Boyko, Christopher B., Brandao, Simone Nunes, Bray, Rod A., Bruce, Niel L., Cairns, Stephen D., Chan, Tin-Yam, Cheng, Lanna, Collins, Allen G., Cribb, Thomas, Curini-Galletti, Marco, Dandouh-Guebas, Farid, Davie, Peter J. F., Dawson, Michael N., De Clerck, Olivier, Decock, Wim, De Grave, Sammy, de Voogd, Nicole J., Domning, Daryl P., Emig, Christian C., Erseus, Christer, Eschmeyer, William, Fauchald, Kristian, Fautin, Daphne G., Feist, Stephen W., Fransen, Charles H. J. M., Furuya, Hidetaka, Garcia-Alvarez, Oscar, Gerken, Sarah, Gibson, David, Gittenberger, Arjan, Gofas, Serge, Gomez-Daglio, Liza, Gordon, Dennis P., Guiry, Michael D., Hernandez, Francisco, Hoeksema, Bert W., Hopcroft, Russell R., Jaume, Damia, Kirk, Paul, Koedam, Nico, Koenemann, Stefan, Kolb, Juergen B., Kristensen, Reinhardt M., Kroh, Andreas, Lambert, Gretchen, Lazarus, David B., Lemaitre, Rafael, Longshaw, Matt, Lowry, Jim, Macpherson, Enrique, Madin, Laurence P., Mah, Christopher, Mapstone, Gill, McLaughlin, Patsy A., Mees, Jan, Meland, Kenneth, Messing, Charles G., Mills, Claudia E., Molodtsova, Tina N., Mooi, Rich, Neuhaus, Birger, Ng, Peter K. L., Nielsen, Claus, Norenburg, Jon, Opresko, Dennis M., Osawa, Masayuki, Paulay, Gustav, Perrin, William, Pilger, John F., Poore, Gary C. B., Pugh, Phil, Read, Geoffrey B., Reimer, James D., Rius, Marc, Rocha, Rosana M., Saiz-Salinas, Jose I., Scarabino, Victor, Schierwater, Bernd, Schmidt-Rhaesa, Andreas, Schnabel, Kareen E., Schotte, Marilyn, Schuchert, Peter, Schwabe, Enrico, Segers, Hendrik, Self-Sullivan, Caryn, Shenkar, Noa, Siegel, Volker, Sterrer, Wolfgang, Stohr, Sabine, Swalla, Billie, Tasker, Mark L., Thuesen, Erik V., Timm, Tarmo, Todaro, M. Antonio, Turon, Xavier, Tyler, Seth, Uetz, Peter, van der Land, Jacob, Vanhoorne, Bart, van Ofwegen, Leen P., van Soest, Rob W. M., Vanaverbeke, Jan, Walker-Smith, Genefor, Walter, T. Chad, Warren, Alan, Williams, Gary C., Wilson, Simon P., and Costello, Mark J.

Subjects
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, 0106 biological sciences, future, Species complex, Aquatic Organisms, knowledge, taxonomists, sea, Databases, Factual, Fauna, Biogeography, invertebrate, Aquatic species, Biodiversity, Zoology, rates, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, biology.animal, vertebrate, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Factual database, oceans, biogeography, Invertebrate, Species diversity, biodiversity, Marine biology, Models, Statistical, biology, Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all), Marine, Ecology, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), Animal, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Vertebrate, Eukaryota, Global, worms, Species richness, Statistical model, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, richness
Abstract

Appeltans, Ward ... et al., Background: The question of how many marine species exist is important because it provides a metric for how much we do and do not know about life in the oceans. We have compiled the first register of the marine species of the world and used this baseline to estimate how many more species, partitioned among all major eukaryotic groups, may be discovered. Results: There are ∿226,000 eukaryotic marine species described. More species were described in the past decade (∿20,000) than in any previous one. The number of authors describing new species has been increasing at a faster rate than the number of new species described in the past six decades. We report that there are ∿170,000 synonyms, that 58,000-72,000 species are collected but not yet described, and that 482,000-741,000 more species have yet to be sampled. Molecular methods may add tens of thousands of cryptic species. Thus, there may be 0.7-1.0 million marine species. Past rates of description of new species indicate there may be 0.5 ± 0.2 million marine species. On average 37% (median 31%) of species in over 100 recent field studies around the world might be new to science. Conclusions: Currently, between one-third and two-thirds of marine species may be undescribed, and previous estimates of there being well over one million marine species appear highly unlikely. More species than ever before are being described annually by an increasing number of authors. If the current trend continues, most species will be discovered this century. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd., WoRMS has benefited from funding as part of several EU projects: Network of Excellence in Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning (MarBEF), Pan-European Species directories Infrastructure (PESI), Distributed Dynamic Diversity Databases for Life (4D4Life), the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), and the Census of Marine Life (CoML). It originated in the European Register of Marine Species (ERMS) that was funded by the EU Marine Science and Technology (MAST) research program

Published
2012

16. Spatial synchronies in the seasonal occurrence of larvae of oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and mussels (Mytilus edulis/galloprovincialis) in European coastal waters

Author

Ragnhild Asmus, B. Hussel, Frédérique Viard, João M. Gonçalves, Salud Deudero, Giuseppe Guarnieri, Eric Thiébaut, Bastian T. Reijnen, A. Cattrijsse, Ester A. Serrão, Katell Guizien, C.J.M. Philippart, I. Sousa Pinto, François Charles, Miguel Cabanellas-Reboredo, Jean-Claude Duchêne, F. Buchholz, J. D. L. van Bleijswijk, Simonetta Fraschetti, R. Pinheiro Vieira, Íris Sampaio, Diana Catarino, Ana Amaral, Ana Luísa Cunha, Iris E. Hendriks, Alain F. Zuur, Julie Bremner, Franck Gentil, Thierry Comtet, Adriaan Gittenberger, Philippart, Catharina J. M., Amaral, Ana, Asmus, Ragnhild, van Bleijswijk, Judith, Bremner, Julie, Buchholz, Fred, Cabanellas-Reboredo, Miguel, Catarino, Diana, Cattrijsse, André, Charles, Françoi, Comtet, Thierry, Cunha, Alexandra, Deudero, Salud, Duchêne, Jean-Claude, Fraschetti, Simonetta, Gentil, Franck, Gittenberger, Arjan, Guizien, Katell, Gonçalves, João M., Guarnieri, Giuseppe, Hendriks, Iri, Hussel, Birgit, Pinheiro Vieira, Raquel, Reijnen, Bastian T., Sampaio, Iri, Serrao, Ester, Sousa Pinto, Isabel, Thiebaut, Eric, Viard, Frédérique, Zuur, Alain F., Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DIVersité et COnnectivité dans le paysage marin côtier (DIVCO), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), Laboratory of Zoology and Marine Biology, Università del Salento [Lecce], Catharina J. M., Philippart, Ana, Amaral, Ragnhild, Asmu, Judith van, Bleijswijk, Julie, Bremner, Fred, Buchholz, Miguel Cabanellas, Reboredo, Diana, Catarino, André, Cattrijsse, François, Charle, Thierry, Comtet, Alexandra, Cunha, Salud, Deudero, Jean Claude, Duchêne, Franck, Gentil, Arjan, Gittenberger, Katell, Guizien, João M., Gonçalve, Iris, Hendrik, Birgit, Hussel, Raquel Pinheiro, Vieira, Bastian T., Reijnen, Iris, Sampaio, Ester, Serrao, Isabel Sousa, Pinto, Eric, Thiebaut, Frédérique, Viard, and Alain F., Zuur

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Oyster, Mytilus edulis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Mytilus galloprovincialis [Mediterranean mussel], Crassostrea gigas [Portuguese oyster], Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Latitude, spatial synchrony, Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, biology.animal, Synoptic scale, medicine, Marine ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Medio Marino, Larval occurrence, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Mussel, Marine invertebrates, Seasonality, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Mytilus, larval occurrence, Mytilus galloprovincialis, 13. Climate action, Spatial synchrony, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Crassostrea gigas, Crassostrea, Crassostrea giga, synoptic scale, Mytilus eduli
Abstract

Philippart, Catharina J.M. et al., Reproductive cycles of marine invertebrates with complex life histories are considered to be synchronized by water temperature and feeding conditions, which vary with season and latitude. This study analyses seasonal variation in the occurrence of oyster (Crassostrea gigas) and mussel (Mytilus edulis/. galloprovincialis) larvae across European coastal waters at a synoptic scale (1000s of km) using standardised methods for sampling and molecular analyses.We tested a series of hypotheses to explain the observed seasonal patterns of occurrence of bivalve larvae at 12 European stations (located between 37°N and 60°N and 27°W and 18°E). These hypotheses included a model that stated that there was no synchronisation in seasonality of larval presence at all between the locations (null hypothesis), a model that assumed that there was one common seasonality pattern for all stations within Europe, and various models that supposed that the variation in seasonality could be grouped according to specific spatial scales (i.e., latitude, large marine ecosystems and ecoregions), taxonomic groups, or several combinations of these factors.For oysters, the best models explaining the presence/absence of larvae in European coastal waters were (1) the model that assumed one common seasonal pattern, and (2) the one that, in addition to this common pattern, assumed an enhanced probability of occurrence from south to north. The third best model for oysters, with less empirical support than the first two, stated that oysters reproduced later in the south than in the north. For mussels, the best models explaining the seasonality in occurrence of larvae were (1) the model that assumed four underlying trends related to large marine ecosystems, and (2) the one that assumed one common seasonal pattern for larvae occurrence throughout Europe.Such synchronies in larval occurrences suggest that environmental conditions relevant to bivalve larval survival are more or less similar at large spatial scales from 100s to 1000s of km. To unravel the underlying mechanisms for this synchronisation is of particular interest in the light of changing environmental conditions as the result of global climate change and the possible consequences for marine food webs and ecosystem services. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.

Published
2012

17. Non-indigenous species refined national baseline inventories: A synthesis in the context of the European Union's Marine Strategy Framework Directive.

Author

Tsiamis K, Palialexis A, Stefanova K, Gladan ŽN, Skejić S, Despalatović M, Cvitković I, Dragičević B, Dulčić J, Vidjak O, Bojanić N, Žuljević A, Aplikioti M, Argyrou M, Josephides M, Michailidis N, Jakobsen HH, Staehr PA, Ojaveer H, Lehtiniemi M, Massé C, Zenetos A, Castriota L, Livi S, Mazziotti C, Schembri PJ, Evans J, Bartolo AG, Kabuta SH, Smolders S, Knegtering E, Gittenberger A, Gruszka P, Kraśniewski W, Bartilotti C, Tuaty-Guerra M, Canning-Clode J, Costa AC, Parente MI, Botelho AZ, Micael J, Miodonski JV, Carreira GP, Lopes V, Chainho P, Barberá C, Naddafi R, Florin AB, Barry P, Stebbing PD, and Cardoso AC

Subjects
Aquatic Organisms growth & development, Environmental Monitoring, Europe, European Union, Marine Biology, Aquatic Organisms classification, Introduced Species statistics & numerical data
Abstract

Refined baseline inventories of non-indigenous species (NIS) are set per European Union Member State (MS), in the context of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). The inventories are based on the initial assessment of the MSFD (2012) and the updated data of the European Alien Species Information Network, in collaboration with NIS experts appointed by the MSs. The analysis revealed that a large number of NIS was not reported from the initial assessments. Moreover, several NIS initially listed are currently considered as native in Europe or were proven to be historical misreportings. The refined baseline inventories constitute a milestone for the MSFD Descriptor 2 implementation, providing an improved basis for reporting new NIS introductions, facilitating the MSFD D2 assessment. In addition, the inventories can help MSs in the establishment of monitoring systems of targeted NIS, and foster cooperation on monitoring of NIS across or within shared marine subregions., (Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Published
2019
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18. The magnitude of global marine species diversity.

Author

Appeltans W, Ahyong ST, Anderson G, Angel MV, Artois T, Bailly N, Bamber R, Barber A, Bartsch I, Berta A, Błażewicz-Paszkowycz M, Bock P, Boxshall G, Boyko CB, Brandão SN, Bray RA, Bruce NL, Cairns SD, Chan TY, Cheng L, Collins AG, Cribb T, Curini-Galletti M, Dahdouh-Guebas F, Davie PJ, Dawson MN, De Clerck O, Decock W, De Grave S, de Voogd NJ, Domning DP, Emig CC, Erséus C, Eschmeyer W, Fauchald K, Fautin DG, Feist SW, Fransen CH, Furuya H, Garcia-Alvarez O, Gerken S, Gibson D, Gittenberger A, Gofas S, Gómez-Daglio L, Gordon DP, Guiry MD, Hernandez F, Hoeksema BW, Hopcroft RR, Jaume D, Kirk P, Koedam N, Koenemann S, Kolb JB, Kristensen RM, Kroh A, Lambert G, Lazarus DB, Lemaitre R, Longshaw M, Lowry J, Macpherson E, Madin LP, Mah C, Mapstone G, McLaughlin PA, Mees J, Meland K, Messing CG, Mills CE, Molodtsova TN, Mooi R, Neuhaus B, Ng PK, Nielsen C, Norenburg J, Opresko DM, Osawa M, Paulay G, Perrin W, Pilger JF, Poore GC, Pugh P, Read GB, Reimer JD, Rius M, Rocha RM, Saiz-Salinas JI, Scarabino V, Schierwater B, Schmidt-Rhaesa A, Schnabel KE, Schotte M, Schuchert P, Schwabe E, Segers H, Self-Sullivan C, Shenkar N, Siegel V, Sterrer W, Stöhr S, Swalla B, Tasker ML, Thuesen EV, Timm T, Todaro MA, Turon X, Tyler S, Uetz P, van der Land J, Vanhoorne B, van Ofwegen LP, van Soest RW, Vanaverbeke J, Walker-Smith G, Walter TC, Warren A, Williams GC, Wilson SP, and Costello MJ

Subjects
Animals, Models, Statistical, Aquatic Organisms, Biodiversity, Databases, Factual
Abstract

Background: The question of how many marine species exist is important because it provides a metric for how much we do and do not know about life in the oceans. We have compiled the first register of the marine species of the world and used this baseline to estimate how many more species, partitioned among all major eukaryotic groups, may be discovered., Results: There are ∼226,000 eukaryotic marine species described. More species were described in the past decade (∼20,000) than in any previous one. The number of authors describing new species has been increasing at a faster rate than the number of new species described in the past six decades. We report that there are ∼170,000 synonyms, that 58,000-72,000 species are collected but not yet described, and that 482,000-741,000 more species have yet to be sampled. Molecular methods may add tens of thousands of cryptic species. Thus, there may be 0.7-1.0 million marine species. Past rates of description of new species indicate there may be 0.5 ± 0.2 million marine species. On average 37% (median 31%) of species in over 100 recent field studies around the world might be new to science., Conclusions: Currently, between one-third and two-thirds of marine species may be undescribed, and previous estimates of there being well over one million marine species appear highly unlikely. More species than ever before are being described annually by an increasing number of authors. If the current trend continues, most species will be discovered this century., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2012
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