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6. The Physics of the B Factories

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Bevan, A. J., Golob, B., Mannel, Th., Prell, S., Yabsley, B. D., Aihara, H., Anulli, F., Arnaud, N., Aushev, T., Beneke, M., Beringer, J., Bianchi, F., Bigi, I. I., Bona, M., Brambilla, N., Brodzicka, J., Chang, P., Charles, M. J., Cheng, C. H., Cheng, H.-Y., Chistov, R., Colangelo, P., Coleman, J. P., Drutskoy, A., Druzhinin, V. P., Eidelman, S., Eigen, G., Eisner, A. M., Faccini, R., Flood, K. T., Gambino, P., Gaz, A., Gradl, W., Hayashii, H., Higuchi, T., Hulsbergen, W. D., Hurth, T., Iijima, T., Itoh, R., Jackson, P. D., Kass, R., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Kou, E., Križan, P., Kronfeld, A., Kumano, S., Kwon, Y. J., Latham, T. E., Leith, D. W. G. S., Lüth, V., Martinez-Vidal, F., Meadows, B. T., Mussa, R., Nakao, M., Nishida, S., Ocariz, J., Olsen, S. L., Pakhlov, P., Pakhlova, G., Palano, A., Pich, A., Playfer, S., Poluektov, A., Porter, F. C., Robertson, S. H., Roney, J. M., Roodman, A., Sakai, Y., Schwanda, C., Schwartz, A. J., Seidl, R., Sekula, S. J., Steinhauser, M., Sumisawa, K., Swanson, E. S., Tackmann, F., Trabelsi, K., Uehara, S., Uno, S., van de Water, R., Vasseur, G., Verkerke, W., Waldi, R., Wang, M. Z., Wilson, F. F., Zupan, J., Zupanc, A., Adachi, I., Albert, J., Banerjee, Sw., Bellis, M., Ben-Haim, E., Biassoni, P., Cahn, R. N., Cartaro, C., Chauveau, J., Chen, C., Chiang, C. C., Cowan, R., Dalseno, J., Davier, M., Davies, C., Dingfelder, J. C., Echenard, B., Epifanov, D., Fulsom, B. G., Gabareen, A. M., Gary, J. W., Godang, R., Graham, M. T., Hafner, A., Hamilton, B., Hartmann, T., Hayasaka, K., Hearty, C., Iwasaki, Y., Khodjamirian, A., Kusaka, A., Kuzmin, A., Lafferty, G. D., Lazzaro, A., Li, J., Lindemann, D., Long, O., Lusiani, A., Marchiori, G., Martinelli, M., Miyabayashi, K., Mizuk, R., Mohanty, G. B., Muller, D. R., Nakazawa, H., Ongmongkolkul, P., Pacetti, S., Palombo, F., Pedlar, T. K., Piilonen, L. E., Pilloni, A., Poireau, V., Prothmann, K., Pulliam, T., Rama, M., Ratcliff, B. N., Roudeau, P., Schrenk, S., Schroeder, T., Schubert, K. R., Shen, C. P., Shwartz, B., Soffer, A., Solodov, E. P., Somov, A., Starič, M., Stracka, S., Telnov, A. V., Todyshev, K. Yu., Tsuboyama, T., Uglov, T., Vinokurova, A., Walsh, J. J., Watanabe, Y., Won, E., Wormser, G., Wright, D. H., Ye, S., Zhang, C. C., Abachi, S., Abashian, A., Abe, K., Abe, N., Abe, R., Abe, T., Abrams, G. S., Adam, I., Adamczyk, K., Adametz, A., Adye, T., Agarwal, A., Ahmed, H., Ahmed, M., Ahmed, S., Ahn, B. S., Ahn, H. S., Aitchison, I. J. R., Akai, K., Akar, S., Akatsu, M., Akemoto, M., Akhmetshin, R., Akre, R., Alam, M. S., Albert, J. N., Aleksan, R., Alexander, J. P., Alimonti, G., Allen, M. T., Allison, J., Allmendinger, T., Alsmiller, J. R. G., Altenburg, D., Alwyn, K. E., An, Q., Anderson, J., Andreassen, R., Andreotti, D., Andreotti, M., Andress, J. C., Angelini, C., Anipko, D., Anjomshoaa, A., Anthony, P. L., Antillon, E. A., Antonioli, E., Aoki, K., Arguin, J. F., Arinstein, K., Arisaka, K., Asai, K., Asai, M., Asano, Y., Asgeirsson, D. J., Asner, D. M., Aso, T., Aspinwall, M. L., Aston, D., Atmacan, H., Aubert, B., Aulchenko, V., Ayad, R., Azemoon, T., Aziz, T., Azzolini, V., Azzopardi, D. E., Baak, M. A., Back, J. J., Bagnasco, S., Bahinipati, S., Bailey, D. S., Bailey, S., Bailly, P., van Bakel, N., Bakich, A. M., Bala, A., Balagura, V., Baldini-Ferroli, R., Ban, Y., Banas, E., Band, H. R., Banerjee, S., Baracchini, E., Barate, R., Barberio, E., Barbero, M., Bard, D. J., Barillari, T., Barlow, N. R., Barlow, R. J., Barrett, M., Bartel, W., Bartelt, J., Bartoldus, R., Batignani, G., Battaglia, M., Bauer, J. M., Bay, A., Beaulieu, M., Bechtle, P., Beck, T. W., Becker, J., Becla, J., Bedny, I., Behari, S., Behera, P. K., Behn, E., Behr, L., Beigbeder, C., Beiline, D., Bell, R., Bellini, F., Bellodi, G., Belous, K., Benayoun, M., Benelli, G., Benitez, J. F., Benkebil, M., Berger, N., Bernabeu, J., Bernard, D., Bernet, R., Bernlochner, F. U., Berryhill, J. W., Bertsche, K., Besson, P., Best, D. S., Bettarini, S., Bettoni, D., Bhardwaj, V., Bhimji, W., Bhuyan, B., Biagini, M. E., Biasini, M., van Bibber, K., Biesiada, J., Bingham, I., Bionta, R. M., Bischofberger, M., Bitenc, U., Bizjak, I., Blanc, F., Blaylock, G., Blinov, V. E., Bloom, E., Bloom, P. C., Blount, N. L., Blouw, J., Bly, M., Blyth, S., Boeheim, C. T., Bomben, M., Bondar, A., Bondioli, M., Bonneaud, G. R., Bonvicini, G., Booke, M., Booth, J., Borean, C., Borgland, A. W., Borsato, E., Bosi, F., Bosisio, L., Botov, A. A., Bougher, J., Bouldin, K., Bourgeois, P., Boutigny, D., Bowerman, D. A., Boyarski, A. M., Boyce, R. F., Boyd, J. T., Bozek, A., Bozzi, C., Bračko, M., Brandenburg, G., Brandt, T., Brau, B., Brau, J., Breon, A. B., Breton, D., Brew, C., Briand, H., Bright-Thomas, P. G., Brigljević, V., Britton, D. I., Brochard, F., Broomer, B., Brose, J., Browder, T. E., Brown, C. L., Brown, C. M., Brown, D. N., Browne, M., Bruinsma, M., Brunet, S., Bucci, F., Buchanan, C., Buchmueller, O. L., Bünger, C., Bugg, W., Bukin, A. D., Bula, R., Bulten, H., Burchat, P. R., Burgess, W., Burke, J. P., Button-Shafer, J., Buzykaev, A. R., Buzzo, A., Cai, Y., Calabrese, R., Calcaterra, A., Calderini, G., Camanzi, B., Campagna, E., Campagnari, C., Capra, R., Carassiti, V., Carpinelli, M., Carroll, M., Casarosa, G., Casey, B. C. K., Cason, N. M., Castelli, G., Cavallo, N., Cavoto, G., Cecchi, A., Cenci, R., Cerizza, G., Cervelli, A., Ceseracciu, A., Chai, X., Chaisanguanthum, K. S., Chang, M. C., Chang, Y. H., Chang, Y. W., Chao, D. S., Chao, M., Chao, Y., Charles, E., Chavez, C. A., Cheaib, R., Chekelian, V., Chen, A., Chen, E., Chen, G. P., Chen, H. F., Chen, J.-H., Chen, J. C., Chen, K. F., Chen, P., Chen, S., Chen, W. T., Chen, X., Chen, X. R., Chen, Y. Q., Cheng, B., Cheon, B. G., Chevalier, N., Chia, Y. M., Chidzik, S., Chilikin, K., Chistiakova, M. V., Cizeron, R., Cho, I. S., Cho, K., Chobanova, V., Choi, H. H. F., Choi, K. S., Choi, S. K., Choi, Y., Choi, Y. K., Christ, S., Chu, P. H., Chun, S., Chuvikov, A., Cibinetto, G., Cinabro, D., Clark, A. R., Clark, P. J., Clarke, C. K., Claus, R., Claxton, B., Clifton, Z. C., Cochran, J., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Cohn, H., Colberg, T., Cole, S., Colecchia, F., Condurache, C., Contri, R., Convert, P., Convery, M. R., Cooke, P., Copty, N., Cormack, C. M., Dal Corso, F., Corwin, L. A., Cossutti, F., Cote, D., Cotta Ramusino, A., Cottingham, W. N., Couderc, F., Coupal, D. P., Covarelli, R., Cowan, G., Craddock, W. W., Crane, G., Crawley, H. B., Cremaldi, L., Crescente, A., Cristinziani, M., Crnkovic, J., Crosetti, G., Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T., Cunha, A., Curry, S., D’Orazio, A., Dû, S., Dahlinger, G., Dahmes, B., Dallapiccola, C., Danielson, N., Danilov, M., Das, A., Dash, M., Dasu, S., Datta, M., Daudo, F., Dauncey, P. D., David, P., Davis, C. L., Day, C. T., De Mori, F., De Domenico, G., De Groot, N., De la Vaissière, C., de la Vaissière, Ch., de Lesquen, A., De Nardo, G., de Sangro, R., De Silva, A., DeBarger, S., Decker, F. J., del Amo Sanchez, P., Del Buono, L., Del Gamba, V., del Re, D., Della Ricca, G., Denig, A. G., Derkach, D., Derrington, I. M., DeStaebler, H., Destree, J., Devmal, S., Dey, B., Di Girolamo, B., Marco, E. Di, Dickopp, M., Dima, M. O., Dittrich, S., Dittongo, S., Dixon, P., Dneprovsky, L., Dohou, F., Doi, Y., Doležal, Z., Doll, D. A., Donald, M., Dong, L., Dong, L. Y., Dorfan, J., Dorigo, A., Dorsten, M. P., Dowd, R., Dowdell, J., Drásal, Z., Dragic, J., Drummond, B. W., Dubitzky, R. S., Dubois-Felsmann, G. P., Dubrovin, M. S., Duh, Y. C., Duh, Y. T., Dujmic, D., Dungel, W., Dunwoodie, W., Dutta, D., Dvoretskii, A., Dyce, N., Ebert, M., Eckhart, E. A., Ecklund, S., Eckmann, R., Eckstein, P., Edgar, C. L., Edwards, A. J., Egede, U., Eichenbaum, A. M., Elmer, P., Emery, S., Enari, Y., Enomoto, R., Erdos, E., Erickson, R., Ernst, J. A., Erwin, R. J., Escalier, M., Eschenburg, V., Eschrich, I., Esen, S., Esteve, L., Evangelisti, F., Everton, C. W., Eyges, V., Fabby, C., Fabozzi, F., Fahey, S., Falbo, M., Fan, S., Fang, F., Fanin, C., Farbin, A., Farhat, H., Fast, J. E., Feindt, M., Fella, A., Feltresi, E., Ferber, T., Fernholz, R. E., Ferrag, S., Ferrarotto, F., Ferroni, F., Field, R. C., Filippi, A., Finocchiaro, G., Fioravanti, E., Firmino da Costa, J., Fischer, P.-A., Fisher, A.S., Fisher, P. H., Flacco, C. J., Flack, R. L., Flaecher, H. U., Flanagan, J., Flanigan, J. M., Ford, K. E., Ford, W. T., Forster, I. J., Forti, A. C., Forti, F., Fortin, D., Foster, B., Foulkes, S. D., Fouque, G., Fox, J., Franchini, P., Franco Sevilla, M., Franek, B., Frank, E. D., Fransham, K. B., Fratina, S., Fratini, K., Frey, A., Frey, R., Friedl, M., Fritsch, M., Fry, J. R., Fujii, H., Fujikawa, M., Fujita, Y., Fujiyama, Y., Fukunaga, C., Fukushima, M., Fullwood, J., Funahashi, Y., Funakoshi, Y., Furano, F., Furman, M., Furukawa, K., Futterschneider, H., Gabathuler, E., Gabriel, T. A., Gabyshev, N., Gaede, F., Gagliardi, N., Gaidot, A., Gaillard, J.-M., Gaillard, J. R., Galagedera, S., Galeazzi, F., Gallo, F., Gamba, D., Gamet, R., Gan, K. K., Gandini, P., Ganguly, S., Ganzhur, S. F., Gao, Y. Y., Gaponenko, I., Garmash, A., Garra Tico, J., Garzia, I., Gaspero, M., Gastaldi, F., Gatto, C., Gaur, V., Geddes, N. I., Geld, T. L., Genat, J.-F., George, K. A., George, M., George, S., Georgette, Z., Gershon, T. J., Gill, M. S., Gillard, R., Gilman, J. D., Giordano, F., Giorgi, M. A., Giraud, P.-F., Gladney, L., Glanzman, T., Glattauer, R., Go, A., Goetzen, K., Goh, Y. M., Gokhroo, G., Goldenzweig, P., Golubev, V. B., Gopal, G. P., Gordon, A., Gorišek, A., Goriletsky, V. I., Gorodeisky, R., Gosset, L., Gotow, K., Gowdy, S. J., Graffin, P., Grancagnolo, S., Grauges, E., Graziani, G., Green, M. G., Greene, M. G., Grenier, G. J., Grenier, P., Griessinger, K., Grillo, A. A., Grinyov, B.V., Gritsan, A. V., Grosdidier, G., Grosse Perdekamp, M., Grosso, P., Grothe, M., Groysman, Y., Grünberg, O., Guido, E., Guler, H., Gunawardane, N. J. W., Guo, Q. H., Guo, R. S., Guo, Z. J., Guttman, N., Ha, H., Ha, H. C., Haas, T., Haba, J., Hachtel, J., Hadavand, H. K., Hadig, T., Hagner, C., Haire, M., Haitani, F., Haji, T., Haller, G., Halyo, V., Hamano, K., Hamasaki, H., Hamel de Monchenault, G., Hamilton, J., Hamilton, R., Hamon, O., Han, B. Y., Han, Y. L., Hanada, H., Hanagaki, K., Handa, F., Hanson, J. E., Hanushevsky, A., Hara, K., Hara, T., Harada, Y., Harrison, P. F., Harrison, T. J., Harrop, B., Hart, A. J., Hart, P. A., Hartfiel, B. L., Harton, J. L., Haruyama, T., Hasan, A., Hasegawa, Y., Hast, C., Hastings, N. C., Hasuko, K., Hauke, A., Hawkes, C. M., Hayashi, K., Hazumi, M., Hee, C., Heenan, E. M., Heffernan, D., Held, T., Henderson, R., Henderson, S. W., Hertzbach, S. S., Hervé, S., Heß, M., Heusch, C. A., Hicheur, A., Higashi, Y., Higasino, Y., Higuchi, I., Hikita, S., Hill, E. J., Himel, T., Hinz, L., Hirai, T., Hirano, H., Hirschauer, J. F., Hitlin, D. G., Hitomi, N., Hodgkinson, M. C., Höcker, A., Hoi, C. T., Hojo, T., Hokuue, T., Hollar, J. J., Hong, T. M., Honscheid, K., Hooberman, B., Hopkins, D. A., Horii, Y., Hoshi, Y., Hoshina, K., Hou, S., Hou, W. S., Hryn’ova, T., Hsiung, Y. B., Hsu, C. L., Hsu, S. C., Hu, H., Hu, T., Huang, H. C., Huang, T. J., Huang, Y. C., Huard, Z., Huffer, M. E., Hufnagel, D., Hung, T., Hutchcroft, D. E., Hyun, H. J., Ichizawa, S., Igaki, T., Igarashi, A., Igarashi, S., Igarashi, Y., Igonkina, O., Ikado, K., Ikeda, H., Ikeda, H., Ikeda, K., Ilic, J., Inami, K., Innes, W. R., Inoue, Y., Ishikawa, A., Ishino, H., Itagaki, K., Itami, S., Itoh, K., Ivanchenko, V. N., Iverson, R., Iwabuchi, M., Iwai, G., Iwai, M., Iwaida, S., Iwamoto, M., Iwasaki, H., Iwasaki, M., Iwashita, T., Izen, J. M., Jackson, D. J., Jackson, F., Jackson, G., Jackson, P. S., Jacobsen, R. G., Jacoby, C., Jaegle, I., Jain, V., Jalocha, P., Jang, H. K., Jasper, H., Jawahery, A., Jayatilleke, S., Jen, C. M., Jensen, F., Jessop, C. P., Ji, X. B., John, M. J. J., Johnson, D. R., Johnson, J. R., Jolly, S., Jones, M., Joo, K. K., Joshi, N., Joshi, N. J., Judd, D., Julius, T., Kadel, R. W., Kadyk, J. A., Kagan, H., Kagan, R., Kah, D. H., Kaiser, S., Kaji, H., Kajiwara, S., Kakuno, H., Kameshima, T., Kaminski, J., Kamitani, T., Kaneko, J., Kang, J. H., Kang, J. S., Kani, T., Kapusta, P., Karbach, T.M., Karolak, M., Karyotakis, Y., Kasami, K., Katano, G., Kataoka, S. U., Katayama, N., Kato, E., Kato, Y., Kawai, H., Kawai, M., Kawamura, N., Kawasaki, T., Kay, J., Kay, M., Kelly, M. P., Kelsey, M. H., Kent, N., Kerth, L. T., Khan, A., Khan, H. R., Kharakh, D., Kibayashi, A., Kichimi, H., Kiesling, C., Kikuchi, M., Kikutani, E., Kim, B. H., Kim, C. H., Kim, D. W., Kim, H., Kim, H. J., Kim, H. O., Kim, H. W., Kim, J. B., Kim, J. H., Kim, K. T., Kim, M. J., Kim, P., Kim, S. K., Kim, S. M., Kim, T. H., Kim, Y. I., Kim, Y. J., King, G. J., Kinoshita, K., Kirk, A., Kirkby, D., Kitayama, I., Klemetti, M., Klose, V., Klucar, J., Knecht, N. S., Knoepfel, K. J., Knowles, D. J., Ko, B. R., Kobayashi, N., Kobayashi, S., Kobayashi, T., Kobel, M. J., Koblitz, S., Koch, H., Kocian, M. L., Kodyš, P., Koeneke, K., Kofler, R., Koike, S., Koishi, S., Koiso, H., Kolb, J. A., Kolya, S. D., Kondo, Y., Konishi, H., Koppenburg, P., Koptchev, V. B., Kordich, T. M. B., Korol, A. A., Korotushenko, K., Korpar, S., Kouzes, R. T., Kovalskyi, D., Kowalewski, R., Kozakai, Y., Kozanecki, W., Kral, J. F., Krasnykh, A., Krause, R., Kravchenko, E. A., Krebs, J., Kreisel, A., Kreps, M., Krishnamurthy, M., Kroeger, R., Kroeger, W., Krokovny, P., Kronenbitter, B., Kroseberg, J., Kubo, T., Kuhr, T., Kukartsev, G., Kulasiri, R., Kulikov, A., Kumar, R., Kumar, S., Kumita, T., Kuniya, T., Kunze, M., Kuo, C. C., Kuo, T.-L., Kurashiro, H., Kurihara, E., Kurita, N., Kuroki, Y., Kurup, A., Kutter, P. E., Kuznetsova, N., Kvasnička, P., Kyberd, P., Kyeong, S. H., Lacker, H. M., Lae, C. K., Lamanna, E., Lamsa, J., Lanceri, L., Landi, L., Lang, M. I., Lange, D. J., Lange, J. S., Langenegger, U., Langer, M., Lankford, A. J., Lanni, F., Laplace, S., Latour, E., Lau, Y. P., Lavin, D. R., Layter, J., Lebbolo, H., LeClerc, C., Leddig, T., Leder, G., Le Diberder, F., Lee, C. L., Lee, J., Lee, J. S., Lee, M. C., Lee, M. H., Lee, M. J., Lee, S.-J., Lee, S. E., Lee, S. H., Lee, Y. J., Lees, J. P., Legendre, M., Leitgab, M., Leitner, R., Leonardi, E., Leonidopoulos, C., Lepeltier, V., Leruste, Ph., Lesiak, T., Levi, M. E., Levy, S. L., Lewandowski, B., Lewczuk, M. J., Lewis, P., Li, H., Li, H. B., Li, S., Li, X., Li, Y., Gioi, L. Li, Libby, J., Lidbury, J., Lillard, V., Lim, C. L., Limosani, A., Lin, C. S., Lin, J. Y., Lin, S. W., Lin, Y. S., Lindquist, B., Lindsay, C., Lista, L., Liu, C., Liu, F., Liu, H., Liu, H. M., Liu, J., Liu, R., Liu, T., Liu, Y., Liu, Z. Q., Liventsev, D., Lo Vetere, M., Locke, C. B., Lockman, W. S., Di Lodovico, F., Lombardo, V., London, G. W., Lopes Pegna, D., Lopez, L., Lopez-March, N., Lory, J., LoSecco, J. M., Lou, X. C., Louvot, R., Lu, A., Lu, C., Lu, M., Lu, R. S., Lueck, T., Luitz, S., Lukin, P., Lund, P., Luppi, E., Lutz, A. M., Lutz, O., Lynch, G., Lynch, H. L., Lyon, A. J., Lyubinsky, V. R., MacFarlane, D. B., Mackay, C., MacNaughton, J., Macri, M. M., Madani, S., Mader, W. F., Majewski, S. A., Majumder, G., Makida, Y., Malaescu, B., Malaguti, R., Malclés, J., Mallik, U., Maly, E., Mamada, H., Manabe, A., Mancinelli, G., Mandelkern, M., Mandl, F., Manfredi, P. F., Mangeol, D. J. J., Manoni, E., Mao, Z. P., Margoni, M., Marker, C. E., Markey, G., Marks, J., Marlow, D., Marques, V., Marsiske, H., Martellotti, S., Martin, E. C., Martin, J. P., Martin, L., Martinez, A. J., Marzolla, M., Mass, A., Masuzawa, M., Mathieu, A., Matricon, P., Matsubara, T., Matsuda, T., Matsuda, T., Matsumoto, H., Matsumoto, S., Matsumoto, T., Matsuo, H., Mattison, T. S., Matvienko, D., Matyja, A., Mayer, B., Mazur, M. A., Mazzoni, M. A., McCulloch, M., McDonald, J., McFall, J. D., McGrath, P., McKemey, A. K., McKenna, J. A., Mclachlin, S. E., McMahon, S., McMahon, T. R., McOnie, S., Medvedeva, T., Melen, R., Mellado, B., Menges, W., Menke, S., Merchant, A. M., Merkel, J., Messner, R., Metcalfe, S., Metzler, S., Meyer, N. T., Meyer, T. I., Meyer, W. T., Michael, A. K., Michelon, G., Michizono, S., Micout, P., Miftakov, V., Mihalyi, A., Mikami, Y., Milanes, D. A., Milek, M., Mimashi, T., Minamora, J. S., Mindas, C., Minutoli, S., Mir, L. M., Mishra, K., Mitaroff, W., Miyake, H., Miyashita, T. S., Miyata, H., Miyazaki, Y., Moffitt, L. C., Mohanty, G. B., Mohapatra, A., Mohapatra, A. K., Mohapatra, D., Moll, A., Moloney, G. R., Mols, J. P., Mommsen, R. K., Monge, M. R., Monorchio, D., Moore, T. B., Moorhead, G. F., Mora de Freitas, P., Morandin, M., Morgan, N., Morgan, S. E., Morganti, M., Morganti, S., Mori, S., Mori, T., Morii, M., Morris, J. P., Morsani, F., Morton, G. W., Moss, L. J., Mouly, J. P., Mount, R., Mueller, J., Müller-Pfefferkorn, R., Mugge, M., Muheim, F., Muir, A., Mullin, E., Munerato, M., Murakami, A., Murakami, T., Muramatsu, N., Musico, P., Nagai, I., Nagamine, T., Nagasaka, Y., Nagashima, Y., Nagayama, S., Nagel, M., Naisbit, M. T., Nakadaira, T., Nakahama, Y., Nakajima, M., Nakajima, T., Nakamura, I., Nakamura, T., Nakamura, T. T., Nakano, E., Nakayama, H., Nam, J. W., Narita, S., Narsky, I., Nash, J. 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A., Röhrken, M., Roethel, W., Rolquin, J., Romanov, L., Romosan, A., Ronan, M. T., Rong, G., Ronga, F. J., Roos, L., Root, N., Rosen, M., Rosenberg, E. I., Rossi, A., Rostomyan, A., Rotondo, M., Roussot, E., Roy, J., Rozanska, M., Rozen, Y., Rozen, Y., Rubin, A. E., Ruddick, W. O., Ruland, A. M., Rybicki, K., Ryd, A., Ryu, S., Ryuko, J., Sabik, S., Sacco, R., Saeed, M. A., Safai Tehrani, F., Sagawa, H., Sahoo, H., Sahu, S., Saigo, M., Saito, T., Saitoh, S., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, H., Sakaue, H., Saleem, M., Salnikov, A. A., Salvati, E., Salvatore, F., Samuel, A., Sanders, D. A., Sanders, P., Sandilya, S., Sandrelli, F., Sands, W., Sands, W. R., Sanpei, M., Santel, D., Santelj, L., Santoro, V., Santroni, A., Sanuki, T., Sarangi, T. R., Saremi, S., Sarti, A., Sasaki, T., Sasao, N., Satapathy, M., Sato, Nobuhiko, Sato, Noriaki, Sato, Y., Satoyama, N., Satpathy, A., Savinov, V., Savvas, N., Saxton, O. H., Sayeed, K., Schaffner, S. F., Schalk, T., Schenk, S., Schieck, J. 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I., Suzuki, K., Suzuki, S., Suzuki, S. Y., Swain, J. E., Swain, S. K., T’Jampens, S., Tabata, M., Tackmann, K., Tajima, H., Tajima, O., Takahashi, K., Takahashi, S., Takahashi, T., Takasaki, F., Takayama, T., Takita, M., Tamai, K., Tamponi, U., Tamura, N., Tan, N., Tan, P., Tanabe, K., Tanabe, T., Tanaka, H. A., Tanaka, J., Tanaka, M., Tanaka, S., Tanaka, Y., Tanida, K., Taniguchi, N., Taras, P., Tasneem, N., Tatishvili, G., Tatomi, T., Tawada, M., Taylor, F., Taylor, G. N., Taylor, G. P., Telnov, V. I., Teodorescu, L., Ter-Antonyan, R., Teramoto, Y., Teytelman, D., Thérin, G., Thiebaux, Ch., Thiessen, D., Thomas, E. W., Thompson, J. M., Thorne, F., Tian, X. C., Tibbetts, M., Tikhomirov, I., Tinslay, J. S., Tiozzo, G., Tisserand, V., Tocut, V., Toki, W. H., Tomassini, E. W., Tomoto, M., Tomura, T., Torassa, E., Torrence, E., Tosi, S., Touramanis, C., Toussaint, J. C., Tovey, S. N., Trapani, P. P., Treadwell, E., Triggiani, G., Trincaz-Duvoid, S., Trischuk, W., Troost, D., Trunov, A., Tsai, K. L., Tsai, Y. T., Tsujita, Y., Tsukada, K., Tsukamoto, T., Tuggle, J. M., Tumanov, A., Tung, Y. W., Turnbull, L., Turner, J., Turri, M., Uchida, K., Uchida, M., Uchida, Y., Ueki, M., Ueno, K., Ujiie, N., Ulmer, K. A., Unno, Y., Urquijo, P., Ushiroda, Y., Usov, Y., Usseglio, M., Usuki, Y., Uwer, U., Va’vra, J., Vahsen, S. E., Vaitsas, G., Valassi, A., Vallazza, E., Vallereau, A., Vanhoefer, P., van Hoek, W. C., Van Hulse, C., van Winkle, D., Varner, G., Varnes, E. W., Varvell, K. E., Vasileiadis, G., Velikzhanin, Y. S., Verderi, M., Versillé, S., Vervink, K., Viaud, B., Vidal, P. B., Villa, S., Villanueva-Perez, P., Vinograd, E. L., Vitale, L., Vitug, G. M., Voß, C., Voci, C., Voena, C., Volk, A., von Wimmersperg-Toeller, J. H., Vorobyev, V., Vossen, A., Vuagnin, G., Vuosalo, C. O., Wacker, K., Wagner, A. P., Wagner, D. L., Wagner, G., Wagner, M. N., Wagner, S. R., Wagoner, D. E., Walker, D., Walkowiak, W., Wallom, D., Wang, C. C., Wang, C. H., Wang, J., Wang, J. G., Wang, K., Wang, L., Wang, L. L., Wang, P., Wang, T. J., Wang, W. F., Wang, X. L., Wang, Y. F., Wappler, F. R., Watanabe, M., Watson, A. T., Watson, J. E., Watson, N. K., Watt, M., Weatherall, J. H., Weaver, M., Weber, T., Wedd, R., Wei, J. T., Weidemann, A. W., Weinstein, A. J. R., Wenzel, W. A., West, C. A., West, C. G., West, T. J., White, E., White, R. M., Wicht, J., Widhalm, L., Wiechczynski, J., Wienands, U., Wilden, L., Wilder, M., Williams, D. C., Williams, G., Williams, J. C., Williams, K. M., Williams, M. I., Willocq, S. Y., Wilson, J. R., Wilson, M. G., Wilson, R. J., Winklmeier, F., Winstrom, L. O., Winter, M. A., Wisniewski, W. J., Wittgen, M., Wittlin, J., Wittmer, W., Wixted, R., Woch, A., Wogsland, B. J., Won, E., Wong, Q. K., Wray, B. C., Wren, A. C., Wright, D. M., Wu, C. H., Wu, J., Wu, S. L., Wulsin, H. W., Xella, S. M., Xie, Q. L., Xie, Y., Xu, Z. Z., Yéche, Ch., Yamada, Y., Yamaga, M., Yamaguchi, A., Yamaguchi, H., Yamaki, T., Yamamoto, H., Yamamoto, N., Yamamoto, R. K., Yamamoto, S., Yamanaka, T., Yamaoka, H., Yamaoka, J., Yamaoka, Y., Yamashita, Y., Yamauchi, M., Yan, D. S., Yan, Y., Yanai, H., Yanaka, S., Yang, H., Yang, R., Yang, S., Yarritu, A. K., Yashchenko, S., Yashima, J., Yasin, Z., Yasu, Y., Ye, S. W., Yeh, P., Yi, J. I., Yi, K., Yi, M., Yin, Z. W., Ying, J., Yocky, G., Yokoyama, K., Yokoyama, M., Yokoyama, T., Yoshida, K., Yoshida, M., Yoshimura, Y., Young, C. C., Yu, C. X., Yu, Z., Yuan, C. Z., Yuan, Y., Yumiceva, F. X., Yusa, Y., Yushkov, A. N., Yuta, H., Zacek, V., Zain, S. B., Zallo, A., Zambito, S., Zander, D., Zang, S. L., Zanin, D., Zaslavsky, B. G., Zeng, Q. L., Zghiche, A., Zhang, B., Zhang, J., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, L. M., Zhang, S. Q., Zhang, Z. P., Zhao, H. W., Zhao, M., Zhao, Z. G., Zheng, Y., Zheng, Y. H., Zheng, Z. P., Zhilich, V., Zhou, P., Zhu, R. Y., Zhu, Y. S., Zhu, Z. M., Zhulanov, V., Ziegler, T., Ziegler, V., Zioulas, G., Zisman, M., Zito, M., Zürcher, D., Zwahlen, N., Zyukova, O., Živko, T., and Žontar, D.

Published
2014
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10. Formaldehyde Production from Isoprene Oxidation Across NOx Regimes

Author

Wolfe, G. M, Kaiser, J, Hanisco, T. F, Keutsch, F. N, de Gouw, J. A, Gilman, J. B, Graus, M, Hatch, C. D, Holloway, J, Horowitz, L. W, Lee, B. H, Lerner, B. M, Lopez-Hilifiker, F, Mao, J, Marvin, M, Peischl, J, Pollack, I. B, Roberts, J. M, Ryerson, T. B, Thornton, J. A, Veres, P. R, and Warneke, C

Subjects
Earth Resources And Remote Sensing, Inorganic, Organic And Physical Chemistry
Abstract

The chemical link between isoprene and formaldehyde (HCHO) is a strong, non-linear function of NOx (= 27 NO + NO2). This relationship is a linchpin for top-down isoprene emission inventory verification from orbital HCHO column observations. It is also a benchmark for overall mechanism performance with regard to VOC oxidation. Using a comprehensive suite of airborne in situ observations over the Southeast U.S., we quantify HCHO production across the urban-rural spectrum. Analysis of isoprene and its major first-generation oxidation products allows us to define both a "prompt" yield of HCHO (molecules of HCHO produced per molecule of freshly-emitted isoprene) and the background HCHO mixing ratio (from oxidation of longer-lived hydrocarbons). Over the range of observed NOx values (roughly 0.1 - 2 ppbv), the prompt yield increases by a factor of 3 (from 0.3 to 0.9), while background HCHO increases by more than a factor of 2 (from 1.5 to 3.3 ppbv). We apply the same method to evaluate the performance of both a global chemical transport model (AM3) and a measurement-constrained 0-D chemical box model. Both models reproduce the NOx dependence of the prompt HCHO yield, illustrating that models with updated isoprene oxidation mechanisms can adequately capture the link between HCHO and recent isoprene emissions. On the other hand, both models under-estimate background HCHO mixing ratios, suggesting missing HCHO precursors, inadequate representation of later-generation isoprene degradation and/or under-estimated hydroxyl radical concentrations. Moreover, we find that the total organic peroxy radical production rate is essentially independent of NOx, as the increase in oxidizing capacity with NOx is largely balanced by a decrease in VOC reactivity. Thus, the observed NOx dependence of HCHO mainly reflects the changing fate of organic peroxy radicals.

Published
2015

13. Associations Of Cardiometabolic And Vascular Atherosclerosis Phenotypes On Non-contrast Chest CT With Incident Heart Failure In Patients With Severe Hypercholesterolemia

Author

Piña, P., Lorenzatti, D., Castagna, F., Miles, J., Kuno, T., Scotti, A., Arce, J., Feinberg, A., Huang, D., Gilman, J., Leiderman, E., Daich, J., Ippolito, P., Gongora, C., Schenone, A., Zhang, L., Rodriguez, C., Blaha, M., Dey, D., Berman, D., Virani, S., Levsky, J., Garcia, M., and Slipczuk, L.

Published
2023
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23. Hydrocarbon Removal in Power Plant Plumes Shows Nitrogen Oxide Dependence of Hydroxyl Radicals

Author

de Gouw, J. A., Parrish, D. D., Brown, S. S., Edwards, Peter, Gilman, J. B., Graus, M., Hanisco, T. F., Kaiser, J., Keutsch, F. N., Kim, S. -W., Lerner, B. M., Neuman, J. A., Nowak, J. B., Pollack, I. B., Roberts, J. M., Ryerson, T. B., Veres, P. R., and Wolfe, G. M.

Abstract

During an airborne study in the Southeast United States, measured mixing ratios of biogenic hydrocarbons were systematically lower in air masses containing enhanced nitrogen oxides from power plants, which we attribute to increased concentrations of hydroxyl (OH) radicals within the power plant plumes. Plume transects at successively further downwind distances provide a decreasing gradient of nitrogen oxides (NO x) concentrations, which together with the implied loss rates of isoprene, constrains the OH dependence on NO x. We find that OH concentrations were highest at nitrogen dioxide concentrations near 1–2 ppbv and decreased at higher and at lower concentrations. These findings agree with the dependence of OH on NO x concentrations expected from known chemical reactions but are not consistent with some studies reporting direct OH measurements higher than expected in regions of the atmosphere with low NO x (NO < 0.08 and NO 2 < 0.46 ppbv) and high biogenic hydrocarbon emissions.

Published
2019

24. An odd oxygen framework for wintertime ammonium nitrate aerosol pollution in urban areas: NOx and VOC control as mitigation strategies

Author

Womack, C. C., McDuffie, E. E., Edwards, Peter, Bares, R., de Gouw, J. A., Docherty, K. S., Dube, W. P., Fibiger, D. L., Franchin, A., Gilman, J. B., Goldberger, L., Lee, B. H., Lin, J. C., Long, R., Middlebrook, A. M., Millet, D. B., Moravek, A., Murphy, J. G., Quinn, P. K., Riedel, T. P., Roberts, J. M., Thornton, J. A., Valin, L. C., Veres, P. R., Whitehill, A. R., Wild, R. J., Warneke, C., Yuan, B., Baasandorj, M., and Brown, S. S.

Abstract

Wintertime ammonium nitrate aerosol pollution is a severe air quality issue affecting both developed and rapidly urbanizing regions from Europe to East Asia. In the US, it is acute in western basins subject to inversions that confine pollutants near the surface. Measurements and modeling of a wintertime pollution episode in Salt Lake City, Utah demonstrates that ammonium nitrate is closely related to photochemical ozone through a common parameter, total odd oxygen, Ox,total. We show that the traditional NOx‐VOC framework for evaluating ozone mitigation strategies also applies to ammonium nitrate. Despite being nitrate‐limited, ammonium nitrate aerosol pollution in Salt Lake City is responsive to VOC control and, counterintuitively, not initially responsive to NOx control. We demonstrate simultaneous nitrate limitation and NOx saturation and suggest this phenomenon may be general. This finding may identify an unrecognized control strategy to address a global public health issue in regions with severe winter aerosol pollution.

Published
2019

31. The role of ACE gene polymorphism in rapidity of progression of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Author

Dixit, M, Mansur, A, Dixit, N, Gilman, J, Santarina, L, and Glicklich, D

Subjects
Immune complex diseases -- Health aspects, Immune complex diseases -- Diagnosis, Immune complex diseases -- Genetic aspects, Immune complex diseases -- Care and treatment, Kidney diseases -- Health aspects, Kidney diseases -- Development and progression, Kidney diseases -- Genetic aspects, Kidney diseases -- Care and treatment, Enzymes -- Genetic aspects, Angiotensin -- Genetic aspects, Postdoctoral education -- Tests, problems and exercises, Diagnosis -- Analysis, Physical diagnosis -- Practice, Physical diagnosis -- Analysis, Periodic health examinations -- Practice, Periodic health examinations -- Analysis, Patients -- Health aspects, Patients -- Care and treatment, Patients -- Genetic aspects, Patients -- Demographic aspects, Clinical medicine -- Research
Abstract

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene has been associated with progression of renal diseases. AIMS: We investigated its role in the rate of progression [...]

Published
2002

32. Measurements of Total OH Reactivity During CalNex‐LA.

Author

Hansen, R. F., Griffith, S. M., Dusanter, S., Gilman, J. B., Graus, M., Kuster, W. C., Veres, P. R., de Gouw, J. A., Warneke, C., Washenfelder, R. A., Young, C. J., Brown, S. S., Alvarez, S. L., Flynn, J. H., Grossberg, N. E., Lefer, B., Rappenglueck, B., and Stevens, P. S.

Subjects
VOLATILE organic compounds, ORGANIC compounds, AIR quality, ATMOSPHERIC hydroxyl group, PESTICIDES
Abstract

Total OH reactivity was measured during the California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change field campaign at the Pasadena ground site using a turbulent flow tube reactor with laser‐induced fluorescence detection of the OH radical. Collocated measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), inorganic species, and meteorological parameters were made and used to calculate the total OH reactivity, which was then compared to the measured values. An analysis of the OH reactivity measurements finds that although the measured reactivity correlated well with the calculated reactivity, the measurements were consistently greater than the calculations for all times during the day, with an average missing OH reactivity of 8–10 s−1, accounting for approximately 40% of the measured total OH reactivity. An analysis of correlations with both anthropogenic tracers of combustion and oxygenated VOCs as well as air trajectories during the campaign suggest that the missing OH reactivity was likely due to a combination of both unmeasured local emissions and unmeasured oxidation products transported to the site. Approximately 50% of the missing OH reactivity may have been due to emissions of unmeasured volatile chemical products, such as pesticides, cleaning agents, and personal care products. Key Points: Total OH reactivity measured during the CalNex‐LA field campaign was consistently greater than that calculated from measured OH sinksAn analysis suggests that the missing reactivity is likely due to both unmeasured local emissions and unmeasured oxidation productsApproximately 50% of the missing OH reactivity may have been due to emissions of unmeasured volatile chemical products [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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33. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) yields from NO3 radical + isoprene based on nighttime aircraft power plant plume transects

Author

Fry, J. L., Brown, S. S., Middlebrook, A. M., Edwards, Peter, Campuzano-Jost, P., Day, D. A., Jimenez, J. L., Allen, H. M., Ryerson, T. B., Pollack, I., Graus, M., Warneke, C., de Gouw, J. A., Gilman, J., Lerner, B. M., Dube, W. P., Liao, J., and Welti, A.

Abstract

Nighttime reaction of nitrate radicals (NO3) with biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) has been proposed as a potentially important but also highly uncertain source of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). The southeastern United States has both high BVOC and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions, resulting in a large model-predicted NO3-BVOC source of SOA. Coal-fired power plants in this region constitute substantial NOx emissions point sources into a nighttime atmosphere characterized by high regionally widespread concentrations of isoprene. In this paper, we exploit nighttime aircraft observations of these power plant plumes, in which NO3 radicals rapidly remove isoprene, to obtain field-based estimates of the secondary organic aerosol yield from NO3+isoprene. Observed in-plume increases in nitrate aerosol are consistent with organic nitrate aerosol production from NO3+isoprene, and these are used to determine molar SOA yields, for which the average over nine plumes is 9% (±5%). Corresponding mass yields depend on the assumed molecular formula for isoprene-NO3-SOA, but the average over nine plumes is 27% (±14%), on average larger than those previously measured in chamber studies (12%–14% mass yield as ΔOA∕ΔVOC after oxidation of both double bonds). Yields are larger for longer plume ages. This suggests that ambient aging processes lead more effectively to condensable material than typical chamber conditions allow. We discuss potential mechanistic explanations for this difference, including longer ambient peroxy radical lifetimes and heterogeneous reactions of NO3-isoprene gas phase products. More in-depth studies are needed to better understand the aerosol yield and oxidation mechanism of NO3 radical+isoprene, a coupled anthropogenic–biogenic source of SOA that may be regionally significant.

Published
2018

34. Epilepsy Surgery in the First Three Years of Life

Author

Duchowny, M., Jayakar, P., Resnick, T., Harvey, A. S., Alvarez, L., Dean, P., Gilman, J., Yaylali, I., Morrison, G., Prats, A., Altman, N., Birchansky, S., and Bruce, J.

Published
1998

35. Chemistry of Volatile Organic Compounds in the Los Angeles basin: Nighttime Removal of Alkenes and Determination of Emission Ratios

Author

De Gouw, J., Gilman, J., Kim, S.-W., Lerner, B., Isaacman-VanWertz, G., McDonald, B., Warneke, C., Kuster, W., Lefer, B., Griffith, S., Dusanter, S., Stevens, P., Stutz, J., Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2017

36. Transition from high- to low-NOx control of night-time oxidation in the southeastern US

Author

Edwards, Peter, Aikin, K. C., Dube, W. P., Fry, J. L., Gilman, J. B., de Gouw, J. A., Graus, M. G., Hanisco, T. F., Holloway, J., Hübler, G., Kaiser, J., Keutsch, F. N., Lerner, B. M., Neuman, J. A., Parrish, D. D., Peischl, J., Pollack, I. B., Ravishankara, A. R., Roberts, J. M., Ryerson, T. B., Trainer, M., Veres, P. R., Wolfe, G. M., Warneke, C., and Brown, S. S.

Subjects
inorganic chemicals, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, circulatory and respiratory physiology
Abstract

The influence of nitrogen oxides (NOx) on daytime atmospheric oxidation cycles is well known, with clearly defined high- and low-NOx regimes. During the day, oxidation reactions—which contribute to the formation of secondary pollutants such as ozone—are proportional to NOx at low levels, and inversely proportional to NOx at high levels. Night-time oxidation of volatile organic compounds also influences secondary pollutants but lacks a similar clear definition of high- and low-NOx regimes, even though such regimes exist. Decreases in anthropogenic NOx emissions in the US and Europe coincided with increases in Asia over the last 10 to 20 years, and have altered both daytime and nocturnal oxidation cycles. Here we present measurements of chemical species in the lower atmosphere from day- and night-time research flights over the southeast US in 1999 and 2013, supplemented by atmospheric chemistry simulations. We find that night-time oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) is NOx-limited when the ratio of NOx to BVOC is below approximately 0.5, and becomes independent of NOx at higher ratios. The night-time ratio of NOx to BVOC in 2013 averaged 0.6 aloft. We suggest that night-time oxidation in the southeast US is in transition between NOx-dominated and ozone-dominated.

Published
2017

37. NASA SBIR abstracts of 1992, phase 1 projects

Author

Schwenk, F. C, Gilman, J. A, Paige, J. B, and Sacknoff, S. M

Subjects
Administration And Management
Abstract

The objectives of 346 projects placed under contract by the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) are described. These projects were selected competitively from among proposals submitted to NASA in response to the 1992 SBIR Program Solicitation. The basic document consists of edited, non-proprietary abstracts of the winning proposals submitted by small businesses. The abstracts are presented under the 15 technical topics within which Phase 1 proposals were solicited. Each project was assigned a sequential identifying number from 001 to 346, in order of its appearance in the body of the report. Appendixes to provide additional information about the SBIR program and permit cross-reference of the 1992 Phase 1 projects by company name, location by state, principal investigator, NASA Field Center responsible for management of each project, and NASA contract number are included.

Published
1993

38. The NASA SBIR product catalog

Author

Gilman, J. A, Paige, J. B, and Schwenk, F. Carl

Subjects
Administration And Management
Abstract

The purpose of this catalog is to assist small business firms in making the community aware of products emerging from their efforts in the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program. It contains descriptions of some products that have advanced into Phase 3 and others that are identified as prospective products. Both lists of products in this catalog are based on information supplied by NASA SBIR contractors in responding to an invitation to be represented in this document. Generally, all products suggested by the small firms were included in order to meet the goals of information exchange for SBIR results. Of the 444 SBIR contractors NASA queried, 137 provided information on 219 products. The catalog presents the product information in the technology areas listed in the table of contents. Within each area, the products are listed in alphabetical order by product name and are given identifying numbers. Also included is an alphabetical listing of the companies that have products described. This listing cross-references the product list and provides information on the business activity of each firm. In addition, there are three indexes: one a list of firms by states, one that lists the products according to NASA Centers that managed the SBIR projects, and one that lists the products by the relevant Technical Topics utilized in NASA's annual program solicitation under which each SBIR project was selected.

Published
1992

39. NASA SBIR abstracts of 1991 phase 1 projects

Author

Schwenk, F. Carl, Gilman, J. A, and Paige, J. B

Subjects
Administration And Management
Abstract

The objectives of 301 projects placed under contract by the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) are described. These projects were selected competitively from among proposals submitted to NASA in response to the 1991 SBIR Program Solicitation. The basic document consists of edited, non-proprietary abstracts of the winning proposals submitted by small businesses. The abstracts are presented under the 15 technical topics within which Phase 1 proposals were solicited. Each project was assigned a sequential identifying number from 001 to 301, in order of its appearance in the body of the report. Appendixes to provide additional information about the SBIR program and permit cross-reference of the 1991 Phase 1 projects by company name, location by state, principal investigator, NASA Field Center responsible for management of each project, and NASA contract number are included.

Published
1992

40. NASA SBIR abstracts of 1990 phase 1 projects

Author

Schwenk, F. C, Gilman, J. A, and Paige, J. B

Subjects
Administration And Management
Abstract

The research objectives of the 280 projects placed under contract in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) 1990 Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase 1 program are described. The basic document consists of edited, non-proprietary abstracts of the winning proposals submitted by small businesses in response to NASA's 1990 SBIR Phase 1 Program Solicitation. The abstracts are presented under the 15 technical topics within which Phase 1 proposals were solicited. Each project was assigned a sequential identifying number from 001 to 280, in order of its appearance in the body of the report. The document also includes Appendixes to provide additional information about the SBIR program and permit cross-reference in the 1990 Phase 1 projects by company name, location by state, principal investigator, NASA field center responsible for management of each project, and NASA contract number.

Published
1991

41. Information Technology and the School Library Resource Centre: The Microcomputer as Resourcerer's Apprentice. Occasional Paper 11.

Author

Council for Educational Technology, London (England). and Gilman, J. A.

Abstract

This book promotes use of the microcomputer in schools as a school-wide resource, with applications across the entire curriculum, rather than as the specialized tool of only one subject area. It suggests ideal within-school organization and management so as to facilitate this role and considers the immediate and long-term implications of the implementation of this role within the school. Use-related topics examined include microcomputer hardware applications; computer awareness and computer studies courses; computer assisted learning; information retrieval; and teletext, viewdata, and telesoftware. Under microresources organization, the discussion emphasizes microcomputer hardware and software, information storage and retrieval systems, micro-user training, and school based software, school library resource center (SLRC) management, and the microcomputer in the primary school. Finally, the implications addressed include the impetus toward the development of an SLRC, implications for SLRC staffing and operation, the expanding role of the SLRC, the future of education, and anticipated problems and conclusions. A 158-item reference section and a list of sources for further information are provided. An appendix discusses activities of the Information Technology Year (1982) in Great Britain. (LMM)

Published
1983

42. The BaBar detector: Upgrades, operation and performance

Author

Aubert, B., Barate, R., Boutigny, D., Couderc, F., Sanchez, P. D., Del Amo Sanchez, P., Gaillard, J. M., Hicheur, A., Karyotakis, Y., Lees, J. P., Poireau, V., Prudent, X., Robbe, P., Tisserand, V., Zghiche, A., Grauges, E., Tico, J. G., Garra Tico, J., Lopez, L., Martinelli, M., Palano, A., Pappagallo, M., Pompili, A., Chen, G. P., Chen, J. C., N. D., Qi, Rong, G., Wang, P., Zhu, Y. S., Eigen, G., Stugu, B., Sun, L., Abrams, G. S., Battaglia, M., Borgland, A. W., Breon, A. B., Brown, D. N., Button Shafer, J., Cahn, R. N., Charles, E., Clark, A. R., Day, C. T., Furman, M., Gill, M. S., Groysman, Y., Jacobsen, R. G., Kadel, R. W., Kadyk, J. A., Kerth, L. T., Kolomensky Yu, G., Kolomensky, Yu G., Kral, J. F., Kukartsev, G., Leclerc, C., Levi, M. E., Lynch, G., Merchant, A. M., Mir, L. M., Oddone, P. J., Orimoto, T. J., Osipenkov, I. L., Pripstein, M., Roe, N. A., Romosan, A., Ronan, M. T., Shelkov, V. G., Suzuki, A., Tackmann, K., Tanabe, T., Wenzel, W. A., Zisman, M., Barrett, M., Bright Thomas, P. G., Ford, K. E., Harrison, T. J., Hart, A. J., Hawkes, C. M., Knowles, D. J., Morgan, S. E., O'Neale, S. W., Penny, R. C., Smith, D., Soni, N., Watson, A. T., Watson, N. K., Goetzen, K., Held, T., Koch, H., Kunze, M., Lewandowski, B., Pelizaeus, M., Peters, K., Schmuecker, H., Schroeder, T., Steinke, M., Fella, A., Antonioli, E., Boyd, J. T., Chevalier, N., Cottingham, W. N., Foster, B., Mackay, C., Walker, D., Abe, K., Asgeirsson, D. J., Cuhadar Donszelmann, T., Fulsom, B. G., Hearty, C., Knecht, N. S., Mattison, T. S., Mckenna, J. A., Thiessen, D., Khan, A., Kyberd, P., Mckemey, A. K., Randle Conde, A., Saleem, M., Sherwood, D. J., Teodorescu, L., Blinov, V. E., Bukin, A. D., Buzykaev, A. R., Druzhinin, V. P., Golubev, V. B., Korol, A. A., Kravchenko, E. A., Onuchin, A. P., Serednyakov, S. I., Skovpen Yu, I., Skovpen, Yu I., Solodov, E. P., Telnov, V. I., Yu Todyshev, K., Todyshev K., Yu, Yushkov, A. N., Best, D. S., Bondioli, M., Bruinsma, M., Chao, M., Curry, S., Eschrich, I., Kirkby, D., Lankford, A. J., Mandelkern, M., Martin, E. C., Mcmahon, S., Mommsen, R. K., Stoker, D. P., Abachi, S., Buchanan, C., Hartfiel, B. L., Weinstein, A. J. R., Atmacan, H., Foulkes, S. D., Gary, J. W., Layter, J., Liu, F., Long, O., Shen, B. C., Vitug, G. M., Wang, K., Yasin, Z., Zhang, L., Hadavand, H. K., Hill, E. J., Paar, H. P., Rahatlou, Shahram, Schwanke, U., Sharma, V., Berryhill, J. W., Campagnari, C., Cunha, A., Dahmes, B., Hong, T. M., Kovalskyi, D., Kuznetsova, N., Levy, S. L., Lu, A., Mazur, M. A., Richman, J. D., Verkerke, W., Beck, T. W., Beringer, J., Eisner, A. M., Flacco, C. J., Grillo, A. A., Grothe, M., Heusch, C. A., Kroseberg, J., Lockman, W. S., Martinez, A. J., Nesom, G., Schalk, T., Schmitz, R. E., Schumm, B. A., Seiden, A., Spencer, E., Spradlin, P., Turri, M., Walkowiak, W., Wang, L., Wilder, M., Williams, D. C., Wilson, M. G., Winstrom, L. O., Chen, E., Cheng, C. H., Doll, D. A., Dorsten, M. P., Dvoretskii, A., Echenard, B., Erwin, R. J., Fang, F., Flood, K., Hitlin, D. G., Metzler, S., Narsky, I., Oyang, J., Piatenko, T., Porter, F. C., Ryd, A., Samuel, A., Yang, S., Zhu, R. Y., Andreassen, R., Devmal, S., Geld, T. L., Jayatilleke, S., Mancinelli, G., Meadows, B. T., Mishra, K., Sokoloff, M. D., Abe, T., Antillon, E. A., Barillari, T., Becker, J., Blanc, F., Bloom, P. C., Chen, S., Clifton, Z. C., Derrington, I. M., Destree, J., Dima, M. O., Ford, W. T., Gaz, A., Gilman, J. D., Hachtel, J., Hirschauer, J. F., Johnson, D. R., Kreisel, A., Nagel, M., Nauenberg, U., Olivas, A., Rankin, P., Roy, J., Ruddick, W. O., Smith, J. G., Ulmer, K. A., Van Hoek, W. C., Wagner, S. R., West, C. G., Zhang, J., Ayad, R., Blouw, J., Chen, A., Eckhart, E. A., Harton, J. L., Hu, T., Toki, W. H., Wilson, R. J., Winklmeier, F., Zeng, Q. L., Altenburg, D., Feltresi, E., Hauke, A., Jasper, H., Karbach, M., Merkel, J., Petzold, A., Spaan, B., Wacker, K., Brandt, T., Brose, J., Colberg, T., Dahlinger, G., Dickopp, M., Eckstein, P., Futterschneider, H., Kaiser, S., Kobel, M. J., Krause, R., Muller Pfefferkorn, R., Mader, W. F., Maly, E., Nogowski, R., Otto, S., Schubert, J., Schubert, K. R., Schwierz, R., Sundermann, J. E., Volk, A., Wilden, L., Bernard, D., Brochard, F., Cohen Tanugi, J., Dohou, F., Ferrag, S., Latour, E., Mathieu, A., Renard, C., Schrenk, S., T'Jampens, S., Thiebaux, Ch, Vasileiadis, G., Verderi, M., Anjomshoaa, A., Bernet, R., Clark, P. J., Lavin, D. R., Muheim, F., Playfer, S., Robertson, A. I., Swain, J. E., Watson, J. E., Xie, Y., Andreotti, D., Andreotti, M., Bettoni, D., Bozzi, C., Calabrese, R., Carassiti, V., Cecchi, A., Cibinetto, G., Ramusino, A. C., Cotta Ramusino, A., Evangelisti, F., Fioravanti, E., Franchini, P., Garzia, I., Landi, L., Luppi, E., Malaguti, R., Negrini, M., Padoan, C., Petrella, A., Piemontese, L., Santoro, V., Sarti, Alessio, Anulli, F., Baldini Ferroli, R., Calcaterra, A., Finocchiaro, G., Pacetti, S., Patteri, P., Peruzzi, I. M., Piccolo, M., Rama, M., De Sangro, R., Santoni, M., Zallo, A., Bagnasco, S., Buzzo, A., Capra, R., Contri, R., Crosetti, G., Lo Vetere, M., Macri, M. M., Minutoli, S., Monge, M. R., Musico, P., Passaggio, S., Pastore, F. C., Patrignani, C., Pia, M. G., Robutti, E., Santroni, A., Tosi, S., Bhuyan, B., Prasad, V., Bailey, S., Brandenburg, G., Chaisanguanthum, K. S., Lee, C. L., Morii, M., Won, E., Wu, J., Adametz, A., Dubitzky, R. S., Marks, J., Schenk, S., Uwer, U., Klose, V., Lacker, H. M., Aspinwall, M. L., Bhimji, W., Bowerman, D. A., Dauncey, P. D., Egede, U., Flack, R. L., Gaillard, J. R., Gunawardane, N. J. W., Morton, G. W., Nash, J. A., Nikolich, M. B., Vazquez, W. P., Panduro Vazquez, W., Sanders, P., Taylor, G. P., Tibbetts, M., Behera, P. K., Chai, X., Charles, Mj, Charles, M. J., Grenier, G. J., Hamilton, R., Lee, S. J., Mallik, U., Meyer, N. T., Chen, C., Cochran, J., Crawley, H. B., Dong, L., Eyges, V., Fischer, P. A., Lamsa, J., Meyer, W. T., Prell, S., Rosenberg, E. I., Rubin, A. E., Gao, Y. Y., Gritsan, A. V., Guo, Z. J., Lae, C. K., Schott, G., Albert, J. N., Arnaud, N., Beigbeder, C., Breton, D., Davier, M., Derkach, D., Du, S., Da Costa, J. F., Firmino Da Costa, J., Grosdidier, G., Hocker, A., Laplace, S., Le Diberder, F., Lepeltier, V., Lutz, A. M., Malaescu, B., Nief, J. Y., Petersen, T. C., Plaszczynski, S., Pruvot, S., Roudeau, P., Schune, M. H., Serrano, J., Sordini, V., Stocchi, A., Tocut, V., Trincaz Duvoid, S., Wang, L. L., Wormser, G., Bionta, R. M., Brigljevic, V., Lange, D. J., Simani, M. C., Wright, D. M., Bingham, I., Burke, J. P., Chavez, C. A., Coleman, J. P., Forster, I. J., Fry, J. R., Gabathuler, E., Gamet, R., George, M., Hutchcroft, D. E., Kay, M., Parry, R. J., Payne, D. J., Schofield, K. C., Sloane, R. J., Touramanis, C., Azzopardi, D. E., Bellodi, G., Bevan, A. J., Clarke, C. K., Cormack, C. M., Di Lodovico, F., Dixon, P., George, Ka, George, K. A., Menges, W., Potter, R. J. L., Sacco, R., Shorthouse, H. W., Sigamani, M., Strother, P., Vidal, P. B., Brown, C. L., Cowan, G., Flaecher, H. U., George, S., Green, M. G., Hopkins, D. A., Jackson, P. S., Kurup, A., Marker, C. E., Mcgrath, P., Mcmahon, T. R., Paramesvaran, S., Salvatore, F., Vaitsas, G., Winter, M. A., Wren, A. C., Davis, C. L., Denig, A. G., Fritsch, M., Gradl, W., Griessinger, K., Hafner, A., Prencipe, E., Allison, J., Alwyn, K. E., Bailey, D. S., Barlow, N. R., Barlow, R. J., Chia, Y. M., Edgar, C. L., Forti, A. C., Fullwood, J., Hart, P. A., Hodgkinson, M. C., Jackson, F., Jackson, G., Kelly, M. P., Kolya, S. D., Lafferty, G. D., Lyon, A. J., Naisbit, M. T., Savvas, N., Weatherall, J. H., West, T. J., Williams, J. C., J. I., Yi, Anderson, J., Farbin, A., Hulsbergen, W. D., Jawahery, A., Lillard, V., Roberts, D. A., Schieck, J. R., Simi, G., Tuggle, J. M., Blaylock, G., Dallapiccola, C., Hertzbach, S. S., Kofler, R., Koptchev, V. B., Li, X., Moore, T. B., Salvati, E., Saremi, S., Staengle, H., Willocq, S. Y., Cowan, R., Dujmic, D., Fisher, P. H., Henderson, S. W., Koeneke, K., Lang, M. I., Sciolla, G., Spitznagel, M., Taylor, F., Yamamoto, R. K., Yi, M., Zhao, M., Zheng, Y., Klemetti, M., Lindemann, D., Mangeol, D. J. J., Mclachlin, S. E., Milek, M., Patel, P. M., Robertson, S. H., Biassoni, P., Cerizza, G., Lazzaro, A., Lombardo, V., Neri, N., Palombo, F., Pellegrini, R., Stracka, S., Bauer, J. M., Cremaldi, L., Eschenburg, V., Kroeger, R., Reidy, J., Sanders, D. A., Summers, D. J., Zhao, H. W., Godang, R., Brunet, S., Cote, D., Nguyen, X., Simard, M., Taras, P., Viaud, B., Nicholson, H., Cavallo, N., De Nardo, G., Fabozzi, F., Gatto, C., Lista, L., Monorchio, D., Onorato, G., Paolucci, P., Piccolo, D., Sciacca, C., Baak, M. A., Raven, G., Snoek, H. L., Jessop, C. P., Knoepfel, K. J., Losecco, J. M., Wang, W. F., Allmendinger, T., Benelli, G., Brau, B., Corwin, L. A., Gan, K. K., Honscheid, K., Hufnagel, D., Kagan, H., Kass, R., Morris, J. P., Rahimi, A. M., Regensburger, J. J., Smith, D. S., Ter Antonyan, R., Wong, Q. K., Blount, N. L., Brau, J., Frey, R., Igonkina, O., Iwasaki, M., Kolb, J. A., Lu, M., Potter, C. T., Rahmat, R., Sinev, N. B., Strom, D., Strube, J., Torrence, E., Borsato, E., Castelli, G., Colecchia, F., Crescente, A., Dal Corso, F., Dorigo, A., Fanin, C., Furano, F., Gagliardi, N., Galeazzi, F., Margoni, M., Marzolla, M., Michelon, G., Morandin, M., Posocco, M., Rotondo, M., Simonetto, F., Solagna, P., Stevanato, E., Stroili, R., Tiozzo, G., Voci, C., Akar, S., Bailly, P., Ben Haim, E., Bonneaud, G., Briand, H., Chauveau, J., Hamon, O., John, Mjj, John, M. J. J., Lebbolo, H., Leruste, Ph, Malcles, J., Marchiori, G., Martin, L., Ocariz, J., Perez, A., Pivk, M., Prendki, J., Roos, L., Sitt, S., Stark, J., Therin, G., Vallereau, A., Biasini, M., Covarelli, R., Manoni, E., Pennazzi, S., Pioppi, M., Angelini, C., Batignani, G., Bettarini, S., Bosi, F., Bucci, F., Calderini, G., Carpinelli, M., Cenci, R., Cervelli, A., Forti, F., Giorgi, M. A., Lusiani, A., Morganti, M., Morsani, F., Paoloni, E., Raffaelli, F., Rizzo, G., Sandrelli, F., Triggiani, G., Walsh, J. J., Haire, M., Judd, D., Biesiada, J., Danielson, N., Elmer, P., Fernholz, R. E., Lau, Y. P., Lu, C., Miftakov, V., Olsen, J., Pegna, D. L., Lopes Pegna, D., Sands, W. R., Smith, A. J. S., Telnov, A. V., Tumanov, A., Varnes, E. W., Baracchini, E., Bellini, Fabio, Bulfon, C., Buccheri, E., Cavoto, Gianluca, D'Orazio, A., Di Marco, E., Faccini, Riccardo, Ferrarotto, F., Ferroni, Fernando, Gaspero, M., Jackson, P. D., Lamanna, E., Leonardi, E., Gioi, L. L., Li Gioi, L., Lunadei, R., Mazzoni, M. A., Morganti, S., Piredda, G., Polci, F., DEL RE, Daniele, Renga, F., Tehrani, F. S., Safai Tehrani, F., Serra, M., Voena, Cecilia, Bunger, C., Christ, S., Hartmann, T., Leddig, T., Schroder, H., Wagner, G., Waldi, R., Adye, T., Bly, M., Brew, C., Condurache, C., De Groot, N., Franek, B., Geddes, N. I., Gopal, G. P., Olaiya, E. O., Ricciardi, S., Roethel, W., Wilson, F. F., Xella, S. M., Aleksan, R., Bourgeois, P., Emery, S., Escalier, M., Esteve, L., Gaidot, A., Ganzhur, S. F., Giraud, P. F., Georgette, Z., Graziani, G., De Monchenault, G. H., Hamel De Monchenault, G., Kozanecki, W., Langer, M., Legendre, M., London, G. W., Mayer, B., Micout, P., Serfass, B., Vasseur, G., Yeche, Ch, Zito, M., Allen, M. T., Akre, R., Aston, D., Azemoon, T., Bard, D. J., Bartelt, J., Bartoldus, R., Bechtle, P., Becla, J., Benitez, J. F., Berger, N., Bertsche, K., Boeheim, C. T., Bouldin, K., Boyarski, A. M., Boyce, R. F., Browne, M., Buchmueller, O. L., Burgess, W., Cai, Y., Cartaro, C., Ceseracciu, A., Claus, R., Convery, M. R., Coupal, D. P., Craddock, W. W., Crane, G., Cristinziani, M., Debarger, S., Decker, F. J., Dingfelder, J. C., Donald, M., Dorfan, J., Dubois Felsmann, G. P., Dunwoodie, W., Ebert, M., Ecklund, S., Erickson, R., Fan, S., Field, R. C., Fisher, A., Fox, J., Franco Sevilla, M., Sevilla, Franco M., Gabareen, A. M., Gaponenko, I., Glanzman, T., Gowdy, S. J., Graham, M. T., Grenier, P., Hadig, T., Halyo, V., Haller, G., Hamilton, J., Hanushevsky, A., Hasan, A., Hast, C., Hee, C., Himel, T., Hryn'Ova, T., Huffer, M. E., Hung, T., Innes, W. R., Iverson, R., Kaminski, J., Kelsey, M. H., Kim, H., Kim, P., Kharakh, D., Kocian, M. L., Krasnykh, A., Krebs, J., Kroeger, W., Kulikov, A., Kurita, N., Langenegger, U., Leith, D. W. G. S., Lewis, P., Li, S., Libby, J., Lindquist, B., Luitz, S., Luth, V., Lynch, H. L., Macfarlane, D. B., Marsiske, H., Mcculloch, M., Mcdonald, J., Melen, R., Menke, S., Metcalfe, S., Messner, R., Moss, L. J., Mount, R., Muller, D. R., Neal, H., Nelson, D., Nelson, S., Nordby, M., Nosochkov, Y., Novokhatski, A., O'Grady, C. P., O'Neill, F. G., Ofte, I., Ozcan, V. E., Perazzo, A., Perl, M., Petrak, S., Piemontese, M., Pierson, S., Pulliam, T., Ratcliff, B. N., Ratkovsky, S., Reif, R., Rivetta, C., Rodriguez, R., Roodman, A., Salnikov, A. A., Schietinger, T., Schindler, R. H., Schwarz, H., Schwiening, J., Seeman, J., Snyder, A., Soha, A., Stanek, M., Stelzer, J., Su, D., Sullivan, M. K., Suzuki, K., Swain, S. K., Tanaka, H. A., Teytelman, D., Thompson, J. M., Tinslay, J. S., Trunov, A., Turner, J., Van Bakel, N., Van Winkle, D., Va'Vra, J., Wagner, A. P., Weaver, M., Weber, T., West, C. A., Wienands, U., Wisniewski, W. J., Wittgen, M., Wittmer, W., Wright, D. H., Wulsin, H. W., Yan, Y., Yarritu, A. K., Yi, K., Yocky, G., Young, C. C., Ziegler, V., Chen, X. R., Liu, H., Park, W., Purohit, M. V., Singh, H., Weidemann, A. W., White, R. M., Wilson, J. R., Yumiceva, F. X., Sekula, S. J., Bellis, M., Burchat, P. R., Edwards, A. J., Majewski, S. A., Meyer, T. I., Miyashita, T. S., Petersen, B. A., Roat, C., Ahmed, M., Ahmed, S., Alam, M. S., Bula, R., Ernst, J. A., Jain, V., Liu, J., Pan, B., Saeed, M. A., Wappler, F. R., Zain, S. B., Gorodeisky, R., Guttman, N., Peimer, D., Soffer, A., De Silva, A., Lund, P., Krishnamurthy, M., Ragghianti, G., Spanier, S. 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J., Hu, H., Johnson, J. R., Kutter, P. E., Li, H., Liu, R., Mellado, B., Mihalyi, A., Mohapatra, A. K., Pan, Y., Pierini, M., Prepost, R., Scott, I. J., Tan, P., Vuosalo, C. O., Von Wimmersperg Toeller, J. H., S. L., Wu, Yu, Z., Greene, M. G., Kordich, T. M. B., Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), BABAR, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Science Foundation (US), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, B. Aubert, R. Barate, D. Boutigny, F. Couderc, P. del Amo Sanchez, J.-M. Gaillard, A. Hicheur, Y. Karyotaki, J.P. Lee, V. Poireau, X. Prudent, P. Robbe, V. Tisserand, A. Zghiche, E. Grauge, J. Garra Tico, L. Lopez, M. Martinelli, A. Palano, M. Pappagallo, A. Pompili, G.P. Chen, J.C. Chen, N.D. Qi, G. Rong, P. Wang, Y.S. Zhu, G. Eigen, B. Stugu, L. Sun, G.S. Abram, M. Battaglia, A.W. Borgland, A.B. Breon, D.N. Brown, J. Button-Shafer, R.N. Cahn, E. Charle, A.R. Clark, C.T. Day, M. Furman, M.S. Gill, Y. Groysman, R.G. Jacobsen, R.W. Kadel, J.A. Kadyk, L.T. Kerth, Yu.G. Kolomensky, J.F. Kral, G. Kukartsev, C. LeClerc, M.E. Levi, G. Lynch, A.M. Merchant, L.M. Mir, P.J. Oddone, T.J. Orimoto, I.L. Osipenkov, M. Pripstein, N.A. Roe, A. Romosan, M.T. Ronan, V.G. Shelkov, A. Suzuki, K. Tackmann, T. Tanabe, W.A. Wenzel, M. Zisman, M. Barrett, P.G. Bright-Thoma, K.E. Ford, T.J. Harrison, A.J. Hart, C.M. Hawke, D.J. Knowle, S.E. Morgan, S.W. O'Neale, R.C. Penny, D. Smith, N. Soni, A.T. Watson, N.K. Watson, K. Goetzen, T. Held, H. Koch, M. Kunze, B. Lewandowski, M. Pelizaeu, K. Peter, H. Schmuecker, T. Schroeder, M. Steinke, A. Fella, E. Antonioli, J.T. Boyd, N. Chevalier, W.N. Cottingham, B. Foster, C. Mackay, D. Walker, K. Abe, D.J. Asgeirsson, T. Cuhadar-Donszelmann, B.G. Fulsom, C. Hearty, N.S. Knecht, T.S. Mattison, J.A. McKenna, D. Thiessen, A. Khan, P. Kyberd, A.K. McKemey, A. Randle-Conde, M. Saleem, D.J. Sherwood, L. Teodorescu, V.E. Blinov, A.D. Bukin, A.R. Buzykaev, V.P. Druzhinin, V.B. Golubev, A.A. Korol, E.A. Kravchenko, A.P. Onuchin, S.I. Serednyakov, Yu.I. Skovpen, E.P. Solodov, V.I. Telnov, K. Yu. Todyshev, A.N. Yushkov, D.S. Best, M. Bondioli, M. Bruinsma, M. Chao, S. Curry, I. Eschrich, D. Kirkby, A.J. Lankford, M. Mandelkern, E.C. Martin, S. McMahon, R.K. Mommsen, D.P. Stoker, S. Abachi, C. Buchanan, B.L. Hartfiel, A.J.R. Weinstein, H. Atmacan, S.D. Foulke, J.W. Gary, J. Layter, F. Liu, O. Long, B.C. Shen, G.M. Vitug, K. Wang, Z. Yasin, L. Zhang, H.K. Hadavand, E.J. Hill, H.P. Paar, S. Rahatlou, U. Schwanke, V. Sharma, J.W. Berryhill, C. Campagnari, A. Cunha, B. Dahme, T.M. Hong, D. Kovalskyi, N. Kuznetsova, S.L. Levy, A. Lu, M.A. Mazur, J.D. Richman, W. Verkerke, T.W. Beck, J. Beringer, A.M. Eisner, C.J. Flacco, A.A. Grillo, M. Grothe, C.A. Heusch, J. Kroseberg, W.S. Lockman, A.J. Martinez, G. Nesom, T. Schalk, R.E. Schmitz, B.A. Schumm, A. Seiden, E. Spencer, P. Spradlin, M. Turri, W. Walkowiak, L. Wang, M. Wilder, D.C. William, M.G. Wilson, L.O. Winstrom, E. Chen, C.H. Cheng, D.A. Doll, M.P. Dorsten, A. Dvoretskii, B. Echenard, R.J. Erwin, F. Fang, K. Flood, D.G. Hitlin, S. Metzler, I. Narsky, J. Oyang, T. Piatenko, F.C. Porter, A. Ryd, A. Samuel, S. Yang, R.Y. Zhu, R. Andreassen, S. Devmal, T.L. Geld, S. Jayatilleke, G. Mancinelli, B.T. Meadow, K. Mishra, M.D. Sokoloff, T. Abe, E.A. Antillon, T. Barillari, J. Becker, F. Blanc, P.C. Bloom, S. Chen, Z.C. Clifton, I.M. Derrington, J. Destree, M.O. Dima, W.T. Ford, A. Gaz, J.D. Gilman, J. Hachtel, J.F. Hirschauer, D.R. Johnson, A. Kreisel, M. Nagel, U. Nauenberg, A. Oliva, P. Rankin, J. Roy, W.O. Ruddick, J.G. Smith, K.A. Ulmer, W.C. van Hoek, S.R. Wagner, C.G. West, J. Zhang, R. Ayad, J. Blouw, A. Chen, E.A. Eckhart, J.L. Harton, T. Hu, W.H. Toki, R.J. Wilson, F. Winklmeier, Q.L. Zeng, D. Altenburg, E. Feltresi, A. Hauke, H. Jasper, M. Karbach, J. Merkel, A. Petzold, B. Spaan, K. Wacker, T. Brandt, J. Brose, T. Colberg, G. Dahlinger, M. Dickopp, P. Eckstein, H. Futterschneider, S. Kaiser, M.J. Kobel, R. Krause, R. Müller-Pfefferkorn, W.F. Mader, E. Maly, R. Nogowski, S. Otto, J. Schubert, K.R. Schubert, R. Schwierz, J.E. Sundermann, A. Volk, L. Wilden, D. Bernard, F. Brochard, J. Cohen-Tanugi, F. Dohou, S. Ferrag, E. Latour, A. Mathieu, C. Renard, S. Schrenk, S. T'Jampen, Ch. Thiebaux, G. Vasileiadi, M. Verderi, A. Anjomshoaa, R. Bernet, P.J. Clark, D.R. Lavin, F. Muheim, S. Playfer, A.I. Robertson, J.E. Swain, J.E. Watson, Y. Xie, D. Andreotti, M. Andreotti, D. Bettoni, C. Bozzi, R. Calabrese, V. Carassiti, A. Cecchi, G. Cibinetto, A. Cotta Ramusino, F. Evangelisti, E. Fioravanti, P. Franchini, I. Garzia, L. Landi, E. Luppi, R. Malaguti, M. Negrini, C. Padoan, A. Petrella, L. Piemontese, V. Santoro, A. Sarti, F. Anulli, R. Baldini-Ferroli, A. Calcaterra, G. Finocchiaro, S. Pacetti, P. Patteri, I.M. Peruzzi, M. Piccolo, M. Rama, R. de Sangro, M. Santoni, A. Zallo, S. Bagnasco, A. Buzzo, R. Capra, R. Contri, G. Crosetti, M. Lo Vetere, M.M. Macri, S. Minutoli, M.R. Monge, P. Musico, S. Passaggio, F.C. Pastore, C. Patrignani, M.G. Pia, E. Robutti, A. Santroni, S. Tosi, B. Bhuyan, V. Prasad, S. Bailey, G. Brandenburg, K.S. Chaisanguanthum, C.L. Lee, M. Morii, E. Won, J. Wu, A. Adametz, R.S. Dubitzky, J. Mark, S. Schenk, U. Uwer, V. Klose, H.M. Lacker, M.L. Aspinwall, W. Bhimji, D.A. Bowerman, P.D. Dauncey, U. Egede, R.L. Flack, J.R. Gaillard, N.J.W. Gunawardane, G.W. Morton, J.A. Nash, M.B. Nikolich, W. Panduro Vazquez, P. Sander, G.P. Taylor, M. Tibbett, P.K. Behera, X. Chai, M.J. Charle, G.J. Grenier, R. Hamilton, S.-J. Lee, U. Mallik, N.T. Meyer, C. Chen, J. Cochran, H.B. Crawley, L. Dong, V. Eyge, P.-A. Fischer, J. Lamsa, W.T. Meyer, S. Prell, E.I. Rosenberg, A.E. Rubin, Y.Y. Gao, A.V. Gritsan, Z.J. Guo, C.K. Lae, G. Schott, J.N. Albert, N. Arnaud, C. Beigbeder, D. Breton, M. Davier, D. Derkach, S. Dû, J. Firmino da Costa, G. Grosdidier, A. Höcker, S. Laplace, F. Le Diberder, V. Lepeltier, A.M. Lutz, B. Malaescu, J.Y. Nief, T.C. Petersen, S. Plaszczynski, S. Pruvot, P. Roudeau, M.H. Schune, J. Serrano, V. Sordini, A. Stocchi, V. Tocut, S. Trincaz-Duvoid, L.L. Wang, G. Wormser, R.M. Bionta, V. Brigljević, D.J. Lange, M.C. Simani, D.M. Wright, I. Bingham, J.P. Burke, C.A. Chavez, J.P. Coleman, I.J. Forster, J.R. Fry, E. Gabathuler, R. Gamet, M. George, D.E. Hutchcroft, M. Kay, R.J. Parry, D.J. Payne, K.C. Schofield, R.J. Sloane, C. Touramani, D.E. Azzopardi, G. Bellodi, A.J. Bevan, C.K. Clarke, C.M. Cormack, F. Di Lodovico, P. Dixon, K.A. George, W. Menge, R.J. L. Potter, R. Sacco, H.W. Shorthouse, M. Sigamani, P. Strother, P.B. Vidal, C.L. Brown, G. Cowan, H.U. Flaecher, S. George, M.G. Green, D.A. Hopkin, P.S. Jackson, A. Kurup, C.E. Marker, P. McGrath, T.R. McMahon, S. Paramesvaran, F. Salvatore, G. Vaitsa, M.A. Winter, A.C. Wren, C.L. Davi, A.G. Denig, M. Fritsch, W. Gradl, K. Griessinger, A. Hafner, E. Prencipe, J. Allison, K.E. Alwyn, D.S. Bailey, N.R. Barlow, R.J. Barlow, Y.M. Chia, C.L. Edgar, A.C. Forti, J. Fullwood, P.A. Hart, M.C. Hodgkinson, F. Jackson, G. Jackson, M.P. Kelly, S.D. Kolya, G.D. Lafferty, A.J. Lyon, M.T. Naisbit, N. Savva, J.H. Weatherall, T.J. West, J.C. William, J.I. Yi, J. Anderson, A. Farbin, W.D. Hulsbergen, A. Jawahery, V. Lillard, D.A. Robert, J.R. Schieck, G. Simi, J.M. Tuggle, G. Blaylock, C. Dallapiccola, S.S. Hertzbach, R. Kofler, V.B. Koptchev, X. Li, T.B. Moore, E. Salvati, S. Saremi, H. Staengle, S.Y. Willocq, R. Cowan, D. Dujmic, P.H. Fisher, S.W. Henderson, K. Koeneke, M.I. Lang, G. Sciolla, M. Spitznagel, F. Taylor, R.K. Yamamoto, M. Yi, M. Zhao, Y. Zheng, M. Klemetti, D. Lindemann, D.J. J. Mangeol, S.E. Mclachlin, M. Milek, P.M. Patel, S.H. Robertson, P. Biassoni, G. Cerizza, A. Lazzaro, V. Lombardo, N. Neri, F. Palombo, R. Pellegrini, S. Stracka, J.M. Bauer, L. Cremaldi, V. Eschenburg, R. Kroeger, J. Reidy, D.A. Sander, D.J. Summer, H.W. Zhao, R. Godang, S. Brunet, D. Cote, X. Nguyen, M. Simard, P. Tara, B. Viaud, H. Nicholson, N. Cavallo, G. De Nardo, F. Fabozzi, C. Gatto, L. Lista, D. Monorchio, G. Onorato, P. Paolucci, D. Piccolo, C. Sciacca, M.A. Baak, G. Raven, H.L. Snoek, C.P. Jessop, K.J. Knoepfel, J.M. LoSecco, W.F. Wang, T. Allmendinger, G. Benelli, B. Brau, L.A. Corwin, K.K. Gan, K. Honscheid, D. Hufnagel, H. Kagan, R. Ka, J.P. Morri, A.M. Rahimi, J.J. Regensburger, D.S. Smith, R. Ter-Antonyan, Q.K. Wong, N.L. Blount, J. Brau, R. Frey, O. Igonkina, M. Iwasaki, J.A. Kolb, M. Lu, C.T. Potter, R. Rahmat, N.B. Sinev, D. Strom, J. Strube, E. Torrence, E. Borsato, G. Castelli, F. Colecchia, A. Crescente, F. Dal Corso, A. Dorigo, C. Fanin, F. Furano, N. Gagliardi, F. Galeazzi, M. Margoni, M. Marzolla, G. Michelon, M. Morandin, M. Posocco, M. Rotondo, F. Simonetto, P. Solagna, E. Stevanato, R. Stroili, G. Tiozzo, C. Voci, S. Akar, P. Bailly, E. Ben-Haim, G. Bonneaud, H. Briand, J. Chauveau, O. Hamon, M.J.J. John, H. Lebbolo, Ph. Leruste, J. Malclè, G. Marchiori, L. Martin, J. Ocariz, A. Perez, M. Pivk, J. Prendki, L. Roo, S. Sitt, J. Stark, G. Thérin, A. Vallereau, M. Biasini, R. Covarelli, E. Manoni, S. Pennazzi, M. Pioppi, C. Angelini, G. Batignani, S. Bettarini, F. Bosi, F. Bucci, G. Calderini, M. Carpinelli, R. Cenci, A. Cervelli, F. Forti, M.A. Giorgi, A. Lusiani, M. Morganti, F. Morsani, E. Paoloni, F. Raffaelli, G. Rizzo, F. Sandrelli, G. Triggiani, J.J. Walsh, M. Haire, D. Judd, J. Biesiada, N. Danielson, P. Elmer, R.E. Fernholz, Y.P. Lau, C. Lu, V. Miftakov, J. Olsen, D. 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B., Fransham, K., Hamano, R., Kowalewski, M. J., Lewczuk, I. M., Nugent, J. M., Roney, R. J., Sobie, J. J., Back, T. J., Gershon, P. F., Harrison, J., Ilic, T. E., Latham, G. B., Mohanty, E., Puccio, H. R., Band, X., Chen, B., Cheng, S., Dasu, M., Datta, A. M., Eichenbaum, J. J., Hollar, H., Hu, J. R., Johnson, P. E., Kutter, H., Li, R., Liu, B., Mellado, A., Mihalyi, A. K., Mohapatra, Y., Pan, M., Pierini, R., Prepost, I. J., Scott, P., Tan, C. O., Vuosalo, J. H., Von, Z., Yu, M. G., Greene, T. M., B., P., del Amo Sanchez, J. M., Gaillard, J., Garra Tico, A. J. R., Weinstein, W. C., van Hoek, R., Müller Pfefferkorn, A., Cotta Ramusino, R., de Sangro, M., Lo Vetere, N. J. W., Gunawardane, W., Panduro Vazquez, S. J., Lee, P. A., Fischer, S., Dû, J., Firmino da Costa, A., Höcker, F., Le Diberder, V., Brigljević, F., Di Lodovico, R. J. L., Potter, D. J. J., Mangeol, G., De Nardo, F., Dal Corso, M. J. J., John, J., Malclè, G., Thérin, A., Lusiani, D., Lopes Pegna, A. J. S., Smith, E., Di Marco, L., Li Gioi, D., del Re, F., Safai Tehrani, C., Bünger, H., Schröder, N., De Groot, P. F., Giraud, G., Hamel de Monchenault, Yèche, C. h., M., Franco Sevilla, D. W. G. S., Leith, V., Lüth, N., van Bakel, D., van Winkle, A., De Silva, Borean, Cristiano, Bosisio, Luciano, DELLA RICCA, Giuseppe, Dittongo, Selenia, Grancagnolo, Sergio, Lanceri, Livio, Poropat, Paolo, Rashevskaya, Irina, Vitale, Lorenzo, Vuagnin, Gloria, H. H. F., Choi, J. H., von Wimmersperg Toeller, and T. M. B., Kordich

Subjects
Online and offline, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, General-purpose detector for colliding beam, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, BABAR, Settore ING-INF/01 - Elettronica, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), law, Beam monitoring, PEP2, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Ream monitoring, Instrumentation, QC, Event reconstruction, Physics, operational experience, high-luminosity storage ring operation, beam monitoring, general-purpose detector for colliding beams, General-purpose detector for colliding beams, Detector, Electrical engineering, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), upgrade [detector], Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Physics: 430::Nuclear and elementary particle physics: 431 [VDP], High-luminosity storage ring operation, Operational experience, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, PARTICLE PHYSICS, Física nuclear, SDG 6 - Clean Water and Sanitation, performance, FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Collider, activity report, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Fysikk: 430::Kjerne- og elementærpartikkelfysikk: 431 [VDP], Experimental High Energy Physics, BaBar, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business
Abstract

The BABAR detector operated successfully at the PEP-Il asymmetric e(+) e(-) collider at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory from 1999 to 2008. This report covers upgrades, operation, and performance of the collider and the detector systems, as well as the trigger, online and offline computing, and aspects of event reconstruction since the beginning of data taking., This work has been supported by the US Department of Energy and National Science Foundation, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (Canada), the Commissariat A l'Energie Atomique and Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules (France), the Bundesministerium filr Bildung und Forschung and Deutsche Forschungsgerneinschaft (Germany), the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (Italy), the Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (The Netherlands), the Research Council of Norway, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (Spain), and the Science and Technology Facilities Council (United Kingdom), Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie IEF program (European Union) and the AR Sloan Foundation (USA).

Published
2013

43. NASA SBIR product catalog, 1990

Author

Schwenk, F. Carl and Gilman, J. A

Subjects
Administration And Management
Abstract

Since 1983 the NASA Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program has benefitted both the agency and the high technology small business community. By making it possible for more small businesses to participate in NASA's research and development, SBIR also provides opportunities for these entrepreneurs to develop products which may also have significant commercial markets. Structured in three phases, the SBIR program uses Phase 1 to assess the technical feasibility of novel ideas proposed by small companies and Phase 2 to conduct research and development on the best concepts. Phase 3, not funded by SBIR, is the utilization and/or commercialization phase. A partial list of products of NASA SBIR projects which have advanced to some degree into Phase 3 are provided with a brief description.

Published
1990

46. Reactive nitrogen partitioning and its relationship to winter ozone events in Utah

Author

Wild, R. J., Edwards, Peter, Bates, T. S., Cohen, R. C., de Gouw, J. A., Dube, W. P., Gilman, J. B., Holloway, J., Kercher, J., Koss, A., Lee, L., Lerner, B. M., McLaren, R., Quinn, P. K., Roberts, J. M., Stutz, J., Thornton, J. A., Veres, P. R., Warneke, C., Williams, E., Young, C. J., Yuan, B, Zarzana, K. J., and Brown, S.S.

Published
2016

47. Modeling the formation and aging of secondary organic aerosols during CalNex 2010

Author

Kuster, W. C., Jimenez, J. L., Ma, P. K., Gilman, J. B., Washenfelder, R. A., Alvarez, S., Ahmadov, R., Offenberg, J. H., Baker, K. R., De Gouw, J. A., Carlton, A. G., Rappenglück, B., Szidat, Sönke, Kleindienst, T. E., Prévôt, A. S. H., Zotter, P., and Hayes, P. L.

Subjects
540 Chemistry
Abstract

Four different literature parameterizations for the formation and evolution of urban secondary organic aerosol (SOA) frequently used in 3-D models are evaluated using a 0-D box model representing the Los Angeles metropolitan region during the California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change (CalNex) 2010 campaign. We constrain the model predictions with measurements from several platforms and compare predictions with particle- and gas-phase observations from the CalNex Pasadena ground site. That site provides a unique opportunity to study aerosol formation close to anthropogenic emission sources with limited recirculation. The model SOA that formed only from the oxidation of VOCs (V-SOA) is insufficient to explain the observed SOA concentrations, even when using SOA parameterizations with multi-generation oxidation that produce much higher yields than have been observed in chamber experiments, or when increasing yields to their upper limit estimates accounting for recently reported losses of vapors to chamber walls. The Community Multiscale Air Quality (WRF-CMAQ) model (version 5.0.1) provides excellent predictions of secondary inorganic particle species but underestimates the observed SOA mass by a factor of 25 when an older VOC-only parameterization is used, which is consistent with many previous model–measurement comparisons for pre-2007 anthropogenic SOA modules in urban areas. Including SOA from primary semi-volatile and intermediate-volatility organic compounds (P-S/IVOCs) following the parameterizations of Robinson et al. (2007), Grieshop et al. (2009), or Pye and Seinfeld (2010) improves model–measurement agreement for mass concentration. The results from the three parameterizations show large differences (e.g., a factor of 3 in SOA mass) and are not well constrained, underscoring the current uncertainties in this area. Our results strongly suggest that other precursors besides VOCs, such as P-S/IVOCs, are needed to explain the observed SOA concentrations in Pasadena. All the recent parameterizations overpredict urban SOA formation at long photochemical ages (3 days) compared to observations from multiple sites, which can lead to problems in regional and especially global modeling. However, reducing IVOC emissions by one-half in the model to better match recent IVOC measurements improves SOA predictions at these long photochemical ages. Among the explicitly modeled VOCs, the precursor compounds that contribute the greatest SOA mass are methylbenzenes. Measured polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalenes) contribute 0.7% of the modeled SOA mass. The amounts of SOA mass from diesel vehicles, gasoline vehicles, and cooking emissions are estimated to be 16–27, 35–61, and 19–35 %, respectively, depending on the parameterization used, which is consistent with the observed fossil fraction of urban SOA, 71(+-3) %. The relative contribution of each source is uncertain by almost a factor of 2 depending on the parameterization used. In-basin biogenic VOCs are predicted to contribute only a few percent to SOA. A regional SOA background of approximately 2.1 μgm-3 is also present due to the long-distance transport of highly aged OA, likely with a substantial contribution from regional biogenic SOA. The percentage of SOA from diesel vehicle emissions is the same, within the estimated uncertainty, as reported in previous work that analyzed the weekly cycles in OA concentrations (Bahreini et al., 2012; Hayes et al., 2013). However, the modeling work presented here suggests a strong anthropogenic source of modern carbon in SOA, due to cooking emissions, which was not accounted for in those previous studies and which is higher on weekends. Lastly, this work adapts a simple two-parameter model to predict SOA concentration and O/C from urban emissions. This model successfully predicts SOA concentration, and the optimal parameter combination is very similar to that found for Mexico City. This approach provides a computationally inexpensive method for predicting urban SOA in global and climate models. We estimate pollution SOA to account for 26 Tg yr-1 of SOA globally, or 17% of global SOA, one third of which is likely to be non-fossil.

Published
2015

48. Hydrocarbon Removal in Power Plant Plumes Shows Nitrogen Oxide Dependence of Hydroxyl Radicals.

Author

Gouw, J. A., Parrish, D. D., Brown, S. S., Edwards, P., Gilman, J. B., Graus, M., Hanisco, T. F., Kaiser, J., Keutsch, F. N., Kim, S.‐W., Lerner, B. M., Neuman, J. A., Nowak, J. B., Pollack, I. B., Roberts, J. M., Ryerson, T. B., Veres, P. R., Warneke, C., and Wolfe, G. M.

Subjects
HYDROCARBONS, POWER plants, NITRIC oxide, HYDROXYL group, ISOPRENE
Abstract

During an airborne study in the Southeast United States, measured mixing ratios of biogenic hydrocarbons were systematically lower in air masses containing enhanced nitrogen oxides from power plants, which we attribute to increased concentrations of hydroxyl (OH) radicals within the power plant plumes. Plume transects at successively further downwind distances provide a decreasing gradient of nitrogen oxides (NOx) concentrations, which together with the implied loss rates of isoprene, constrains the OH dependence on NOx. We find that OH concentrations were highest at nitrogen dioxide concentrations near 1–2 ppbv and decreased at higher and at lower concentrations. These findings agree with the dependence of OH on NOx concentrations expected from known chemical reactions but are not consistent with some studies reporting direct OH measurements higher than expected in regions of the atmosphere with low NOx (NO < 0.08 and NO2 < 0.46 ppbv) and high biogenic hydrocarbon emissions. Plain Language Summary: Hydroxyl radicals are the main chemical species that removes trace gases from the atmosphere. They determine the atmospheric lifetime of some greenhouse gases and chemicals involved with the destruction of the stratospheric ozone layer. Hydroxyl reactions also play an important role in air pollution chemistry. Measuring hydroxyl radicals is very challenging because of their high reactivity and low concentrations. Some recent measurements have shown unexpectedly high concentrations in relatively clean conditions. In this work, we indirectly estimated the dependence of hydroxyl radicals on the concentration of nitrogen oxides downwind from power plants in the Southeast United States. We observed that mixing ratios of isoprene, a reactive hydrocarbon released from deciduous trees to the atmosphere, were systematically lower in power plant plumes, caused by higher hydroxyl radical concentrations at the elevated nitrogen oxide concentrations. These findings can be explained by known chemical reactions but are not consistent with some studies that found unexpectedly high hydroxyl concentrations in relatively clean conditions. Key Points: Isoprene was found to be reduced in power‐plant plumes in the Southeast United States because of enhanced removal by hydroxyl (OH) radicalsObservations at different downwind distances from two power plants allow the nitrogen‐oxide (NOx) dependence of OH to be constrainedThe NOx dependence of OH is explained by known photochemistry, in contrast with some studies based on direct measurements of OH [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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49. An Odd Oxygen Framework for Wintertime Ammonium Nitrate Aerosol Pollution in Urban Areas: NOx and VOC Control as Mitigation Strategies.

Author

Womack, C. C., McDuffie, E. E., Edwards, P. M., Bares, R., Gouw, J. A., Docherty, K. S., Dubé, W. P., Fibiger, D. L., Franchin, A., Gilman, J. B., Goldberger, L., Lee, B. H., Lin, J. C., Long, R., Middlebrook, A. M., Millet, D. B., Moravek, A., Murphy, J. G., Quinn, P. K., and Riedel, T. P.

Subjects
AMMONIUM nitrate, ATMOSPHERIC aerosols, AIR pollution, VOLATILE organic compounds, AIR quality
Abstract

Wintertime ammonium nitrate aerosol pollution is a severe air quality issue affecting both developed and rapidly urbanizing regions from Europe to East Asia. In the United States, it is acute in western basins subject to inversions that confine pollutants near the surface. Measurements and modeling of a wintertime pollution episode in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, demonstrate that ammonium nitrate is closely related to photochemical ozone through a common parameter, total odd oxygen, Ox,total. We show that the traditional nitrogen oxide and volatile organic compound (NOx‐VOC) framework for evaluating ozone mitigation strategies also applies to ammonium nitrate. Despite being nitrate‐limited, ammonium nitrate aerosol pollution in Salt Lake Valley is responsive to VOCs control and, counterintuitively, not initially responsive to NOx control. We demonstrate simultaneous nitrate limitation and NOx saturation and suggest this phenomenon may be general. This finding may identify an unrecognized control strategy to address a global public health issue in regions with severe winter aerosol pollution. Plain Language Summary: Particulate matter (PM) is dangerous to human health and impacts visibility and climate. In the United States, Europe, and Asia, PM is severe in urban areas in the winter when ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3, comprises an appreciable fraction of the total PM mass. A key control strategy is to reduce emissions of the limiting reagent. Using measurements from a recent field campaign in the Salt Lake Valley, Utah, which experiences high PM levels in winter, we demonstrate that emission control strategies can be evaluated using the same framework commonly used to control ozone, another common pollutant that occurs at high levels in urban areas in the summer. We show that initial control of the NOx precursor is ineffective at reducing NH4NO3 aerosol in the Salt Lake Valley, while initial control of volatile organic compounds, which are not a direct precursor for either nitrate or ammonium, is effective due to their influence on oxidation cycles. This finding differs from many mitigation strategies in the western United States and may also be relevant to other regions in Europe and Asia which experience high wintertime PM. Key Points: Wintertime ammonium nitrate aerosol pollution is closely tied to photochemical ozone production through a common parameter, Ox,totalBox modeling reveals ammonium nitrate formation in the Salt Lake Valley is nitrate‐limited but NOx‐saturatedMitigation strategies that focus on NOx control in some wintertime‐polluted layers may initially increase ammonium nitrate [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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