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Simple Summary: The silkworm has fascinated people all around the world for centuries due to numerous applications of by-products resulting from its metamorphosis. A decline has been noticed due to industrialization and some disease concerns; however, several reasons strengthen compelling arguments for keeping up this species. The most prevalent nutrients identified along silkworm rearing, from mulberry leaves up to larvae, pupae, and silk, are proteins. The biological value of protein is based on amino acids. The presence of other nutrients, especially fatty acids (n-3 family), vitamins, minerals, and polyphenols, along with the profile in amino acids, which are taken from mulberry leaves and metabolized by larvae and then transferred to pupae, strengthen the conviction according to which silkworm by-products have a great nutritional potential that is either comparable with fish meal or better than other aquaculture-specific feedstuffs. This paper aims to present deep knowledge about amino acids (classification, metabolism, occurrence, mechanisms, and potential functions) for silkworms and fish to further understand these species. The silkworm Bombyx mori, the second most varied group of insects, is a fascinating insect that belongs to the Lepidoptera species. We aimed to deepen our knowledge about the composition and significance of amino acids (AA) from the sericulture chain to fish. AAs are the most prevalent molecules throughout the growth process of silkworms. We described AAs classification, occurrence, metabolism, and functions. Online datasets revealed that the essential AAs (EAA) level in fish meal and silkworm pupae (SWP) is comparable. SWP have a high content of methionine and lysine, which are the principal limiting AAs in fish diets, indicating that SWP have nutritional potential to be added to fish diets. Additionally, an overview of the data analyzed displays that SWP have a higher protein efficiency ratio than fish meal, the classical protein-rich source (>1.19 times), and compared to soybean meal, the second-most preferred source of protein in aquaculture (>2.08 times), indicating that SWP can be considered effective for animal feeding. In this study, we provide an overview of the current knowledge concerning AAs, paying special emphasis to EAAs and explaining, to some extent, certain mechanisms and functions of these compounds, from mulberry leaves to larvae–pupae and fish diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the characteristics and associative impact of the compounds from mulberry leaves and yeast (S. cerevisae). Nutritional characteristics of the mulberry leaves, yeast properties and metabolism, as well as the effects on silkworms, were described. The online English databases used were MDPI, PubMed, Research Gate, Google Scholar, and Elsevier. The nutrition and health of silkworms B. mori depend on protein and amino acids, fats, vitamins, and minerals, all abundant in mulberry leaves. Furthermore, mulberry leaves contain bioactive phytochemicals offering health benefits. Many dietary supplements were investigated for their potential to enhance nutritional, technical, and health benefits, even though mulberry leaves are considered a complete feed for B. mori silkworm. Yeast is a good source of proteins, amino acids, fats, carbohydrates, minerals, and vitamins that can contribute to the fortification of mulberry leave characteristics. S. cerevisiae species also produce several secondary metabolites: polyketides, phenolics, alkaloids, and flavonoids. Numerous studies have demonstrated the positive effects of yeast dietary addition on economic indicators and health status in silkworm fifth instar. Yeast can act as a probiotic, release digestive enzymes and influence gut microbiota. Alterations in the gut microbiota improve immunological resistance and nutrition metabolism, ameliorating silkworm performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper evaluates the importance, characteristics, mechanisms, and effects of probiotics added to silkworm B. mori feed. Scientific databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, MDPI, Elsevier) were screened. We are searching for alternative solutions to improve the nutritional quality of the mulberry leaves. Probiotics present properties such as non-pathogenetic or non-toxicity, adhere to epithelial cells, can be reproduced, stimulate immune response, have a positive influence on the host, can survive in intestinal mucosal surface, etc., and perform various functions that recommend them as natural feed supplements in silkworm nutrition. Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Bacillus, Streptococcus, and Saccharomyces species are the most evaluated probiotics used in insects. In addition to producing lactic acid, probiotics also lower intestinal pH, inhibit pathogen populations, alleviate inflammation in the gut, boost immunity, and improve overall intestinal health. Silkworm gut contains various bacterial phylotypes (Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes) that are crucial in nutrients metabolism and exhibit metabolites and enzymes indispensable for growth. This review highlighted that supplementing mulberry leaves with probiotics represents an eco-friendly strategy to improve the silkworm's performance, economic traits, and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conservation of sericultural vegetative genetic resources is a permanent concern in the sericulture field, being known that the mulberry leaf is the only source of food for the silkworm Bombyx mori L. These sericultural vegetal genetic resources are mainly used to obtain planting material used for establishment the mulberry plantations, but also for the mulberry improvement program and the establishing of the phytoremediation potential of mulberry plants. The research carried out for the preliminary testing in laboratory of in vitro multiplication potential of some mulberry varieties have highlighted the possibility of using the biotechnologies of tissue cultures, meristems and organs for testing the phytoremediation potential of mulberry plants with sericultural destination. Thus, a planting material was produced, consisting of mulberry vitroplants colonized with vesicular-arbuscular endomycorrhizae, which keep the genetic characteristics of parental forms, but present superior bioproductive parameters and physiological tolerance on soils contaminated with lead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hempseed has an excellent antioxidant content and is a rich source of essential amino acids and n-3 fatty acids. The objective of this paper consists on evaluating the hempseed Jubileu variety effects on performance, nitrogen (N) balance. The prediction of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions was done as well. For 3 weeks of trial, a total of 15 pigs (39 kg ± 0.32) were randomly allocated individually in digestibility cages. Following a 7-day adaption period, there were two balancing periods where urine and feces were quantitatively collected. Two types of diet were used: Control group received a classical diet and Experimental group which received the same diet, supplemented with 5% hempseed. The growth parameter and carcass quality were not significantly altered by hempseed addition; however, a slight increased of ADG and feed conversion was noticed. Due to the significantly decreased of N concentration in the urine, TNO value was lower as well (P<0.05). A decline of N digestibility was noticed for HS group diet (P<0.001). Average value of N2O estimated was lower in HS fed group (P = 0.03). In conclusion, hempseed is a proteo-oleaginous source, which can be added in pigs' diet with beneficial effect on performance, N metabolism indicators and N2O emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) is an annual legume tolerant to drought. Guar meal (GM) is a protein- and carbohydrate-rich co-product generated after the mechanical separation of the endosperm from the germ and hull of guar seed. GM has received considerable interest in animal feed as an alternative to soybean meal (SM). In this study, we aimed to assess the nitrogen (N) balance indicators, performance, carcass traits, and main greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions resulting from enteric fermentation (E-CH4) and manure (M-CH4 and N2O). Two tests were performed: (i) a biological trial on 45 pigs (15 animals/group) and (ii) a digestibility test in metabolism cages (N = 15, 5 replicates/group). Three different diets were given to the pigs: one diet was based on 0% GM (SM diet); in the second, GM-50%, GM replaced 50% of the SM; and the third was GM-100%, in which GM fully replaced the SM. The GM and SM diets were analyzed for their proximate composition. A model based on prediction equations was used to estimate the GHGs. GM up to 10% in the diets of finishing pigs did not significantly impact growth performance or carcass traits, although a slight increase in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was observed. GM up to 10% improved N digestibility (p < 0.0001), net protein utilization (p < 0.0001), the biological value of protein, coefficients of metabolizability, and the coefficient of the total tract's apparent digestibility. Irrespective of its dietary proportion, GM decreased total nitrogen output (TNO, p = 0.11). A highly significant impact was noted for N2O and E-CH4 (for DM, p < 0.0001), as well as a significant impact for E-CH4, expressed as g CO2 Eq (p = 0.007), and g CO2 Eq. LU (livestock unit, p = 0.005), also reported as ADG (p = 0.024). Manure, M-CH4, was not significantly influenced. In conclusion, GM can replace up to 100% SM and is thus a valuable byproduct that does not alter animal performance and can positively impact N2O and E-CH4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification the term therapy-related myeloid neoplasia (t-MN) defines a subgroup of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) comprising patients who develop myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS-t) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML-t) after treatment with cytotoxic and/or radiation therapy for various malignancies or autoimmune disorders. We report the case of a 36 year old patient with t-MN (t-MDS) after achieving complete remission (CR) of a PML-RARA positive acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) at 32 months after diagnosis. Initially classified as low risk APL and treated according to the AIDA protocol - induction and 3 consolidation cycles - the patient achieved a complete molecular response in September 2013 and started maintenance therapy. On follow-up PML-RARA transcript remained negative. In January 2016 leukopenia and thrombocytopenia developed and a peripheral blood smear revealed hypogranular and agranular neutrophils. Immunophenotyping in the bone marrow aspirate identified undifferentiated blast cells that did not express cytoplasmic myeloperoxidase. The cytogenetic study showed normal karyotype. The molecular biology tests not identified PMLRARA transcript. A diagnosis of t-MDS (AREB-2 - WHO 2008) was established. Treatment of AML was started with 2 “3+7” regimens and 1 MEC cycle. Two months from diagnosis, while in CR, an allogeneic HSCT from an unrelated HLA compatible donor was performed after myeloablative regimen. An unfavorable clinical evolution was followed by death on day 9 after transplantation. The occurrence of t-MNs during CR of APL represents a particular problem in terms of follow-up and differential diagnosis of relapse and constitutes a dramatic complication for a disease with a favorable prognosis.

This study aimed to identify whether the silkworm pupae (SWP) added to pigs' diets can be considered a valuable protein-rich alternative source. The silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) and its by-products are highly valuable in terms of nutrition, medicine, and commerce. The SWP is the main by-product of the sericulture, considered a well-balanced source of nutrients in terms of proteins, lipids, minerals, vitamins and various bioactive substances such as fatty acids, peptides, and polyphenols with antioxidant, anticancer, cardiovascular, hepato-protective properties. The mulberry silkworm's potential for use in human food has been previously extensively documented, whereas the preponderance of literature data on SWP used in the livestock industry specific focus on poultry. There is limited pig-related data. In this study, we reviewed the most recently published papers on PubMed, Elsevier, MDPI, and Research Gate, using the keywords "silkworm pupae", "composition", "protein", and "pigs". We did not find any negative consequence on pigs' growth and health parameters in the reviewed published data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main concerns and challenges of raising silkworms include economic value, mulberry management, biodiversity conservation of genetic resources, and developing highly productive breeds for genetic variety. This study investigated the relationship between the economic relevance of the products generated throughout the value chain, limitations, and opportunities to generate incomes for sericulture farmers, trends, and perspectives worldwide, particularly in Romania. Seventy-seven publications were considered from online databases. The diversification of products generated at each level of the value chain of silkworm rearing and their multipurpose applications impact social and economic life. Hence, silk is well known as a valuable biomaterial for industry, suitable for textile and medicine. There are several arguments to use silkworms in human food even though they are not yet authorized as edible insects at the European level. Thus, as a nutrient-rich by-product, silkworm pupae (extract, cakes, and oil) have medicinal properties and can be used for human and animal nutrition. Sericin, silk fibroin, and chitin are bioactive compounds in cocoons and pupae with pharmacological implications and drug composition, while biomass is suitable for biodiesel and excreta for compost. The farmers' attitudes and mentality associated with political circumstances influence the perspectives for the sericulture field. Due to the high likelihood of using their products, small-medium-scale farmers might benefit sericulture by identifying new sales marketplaces and finding new beneficiaries for directing their multiple products. The funds allotted by government subventions for supporting this fascinating activity and opportunities for jobs may aid in encouraging to start of a new sericulture business or to contribute developing the existing one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The nutritional composition of silkworms will likely have multiple implications for humans, animals, and the environment. The silkworm pupae attracted interest due to lipids and protein profiles. Furthermore, the valuable level of the essential fatty acids (alpha-linolenic and linoleic from the n-3 and n-6 family) results in significant physiological functions in the human body that support good health. Using silkworm pupae to feed humans and animals reduces the waste that must be discarded; however, this is only one way of lowering pollution emissions. On the other hand, as a unique silkworm feed, mulberry leaves have the capacity to sequester carbon by absorbing a significant amount of harmful pollutants. Bombyx mori is an ideal lepidopteran species representative of many scientific studies, a model of studies for medicine and a significant insect from an ecological standpoint. This review was performed to summarize the fatty acids (FA) composition of silkworm pupae (SP) that are associated with other important compounds that could add value to SP, diversifying the ways of valorization. The proposal to complete plant-based feeds with insect-based feeds represents a viable option to beneficially impact human and animal health and the environment. The quality and quantity of fats consumed significantly impact the aetiology of certain diseases. The key compounds of fat named essential FA (EFA) substantially influence the prevention and treatment of several diseases through their nutraceutical functions. Due to its excellent profile in nutrients such as protein and fat, amino acids and fatty acids composition, SP has become an important alternative feed ingredient and source of EFA. SP is a by-product that was discarded in large quantities. Following the need to act to improve human health and reduce climate change impact, many researchers focused on studying SP applications in the medical and agricultural industries. Several authors noticed an improvement in the health markers by using SP. The feed cost for the animal was reduced with economic implications. Minimization of environmental impact was recorded. Few precautions were recommended regarding SP use, although they should not be ignored. The composition of SP and its potential for use in various industries provides us with persuasive arguments for continuing to develop the sericulture industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) is an important monophagous insect in the sericulture industry. The mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.) are known as valuable plants rich in nutrients and nutraceuticals due to the presence of chemo-factors (morin, β-sitosterol) and antioxidants (flavonoids, anthocyanin and alkaloids), the traditional feed in the rearing of silkworm larvae. The mulberry is also used in pharmaceutical, food, beverage and healthcare industries, being considered a suitable plant for sustainable development. Over time, research on using the artificial diet in silkworms has been focused on different topics: i) rearing silkworms in the season when mulberry leaves are insufficient or not available and ii) as an organism model for human diseases (i.e., tumour, degenerative and metabolic diseases) due to the low breeding cost, short generation time, genetic background, large progeny size and numerous genes homologous to humans. This review aimed to summarize the literature information about the impact of nutrition as a key factor in silkworm rearing and the effectiveness of using an artificial diet based on different ingredients in silkworm productivity and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to assess the effects of the dietary supplementation of microencapsulated L. acidophilus and L. plantarum and their combination on the growth performance, organ development, diarrhoea incidences, blood profiles, intestinal histomorphology and microflora in weaned piglets. For that, 160 piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 8.52 ± 0.15 kg were divided into four groups (40 piglets/group) and allotted to one of the four dietary treatments as follows: a basal diet (C diet) or a basal diet containing 1 × 108 CFU/g of L. acidophilus (LA diet), or a diet containing 3 × 108 CFU/g of L. plantarum (LP diet) and a diet with the combination of both bacterial strains (LA + LP diet) for 21 days. On day 14, probiotics significantly increased ADFI, while FCR was higher in the LA and LP groups than the C and LA + LP groups. No effects (p > 0.05) on visceral organs weight, intestinal pH and biochemical parameters among treatments were noticed. Treatments significantly lowered diarrhoea incidence compared to control. Villus width was greater (p < 0.05) in all small intestinal segments in piglets fed probiotics. In the jejunum and ileum villus length, crypt length, and total villi length were higher (p < 0.05), particularly in the LA + LP group. The probiotics, particularly the LA + LP group, modulated the cecal, jejunum and ileum microbial community structure and increased (p < 0.05) the amount of Lactobacillus spp. while decreasing the populations of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus. Our results indicated that dietary supplementation of microencapsulated probiotics, particularly the combination of L. plantarum and L acidophilus strains, maintained growth performance, lowered diarrhoea incidence and beneficially altered the intestinal architecture and microbial populations of weaned piglets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the objectives of the sericultural research is the reducing of research field was the reducing of chemical fertilizers quantity by applying some ecological agricultural practices, among which it can be mentioned, next to using extraradicular fertilizing, also the biofertilizers of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhize (VAM) type, in the form of commercial products obtained by biotechnologies of high biological performance. The biofertilization of VAM type aims to reduce or eliminate the chemical fertilization, the mulberry being a plant with a high consumption of mineral elements. Also, this type of mycorrhize stimulates the plants growing and development, having a role in soil remediation and nutrition improvement from soil-plant system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the effects of a dietary mixture based on extruded linseed and pea (ELP; 20:80 w/w) and probiotics (L. acidophilus) on the performance, biochemical responses, breast muscle fatty acids (FA) profile, and lipid indices in broiler chickens. A total of 480 one-day-old Ross 308 broilers were assigned into four groups in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two levels of ELP (0% and 30%) at the expense of soybean meal, corn, and vegetable oil and two levels of probiotic (0 and 20 g ton−1 feed). There were no effects of ELP diet or probiotic supplementation on performance and carcass traits. Feeding the ELP diet increased plasma total protein, urea nitrogen (PUN), and creatinine (Cre) levels with no changes in the PUN/Cre ratio. A probiotic addition lowered the total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and the TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios. The ELP diet improved the breast muscle FA profile by lowering total saturated FA (SFA) and increasing total polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), omega-3 (n-3), unsaturated FA (UFA), PUFA/SFA, and UFA/SFA ratios. Probiotics increased total PUFA, omega-6 (n-6) and decreased the n-6/n-3 ratio, total UFA, and UFA/SFA ratio. Dietary treatment interaction exhibited a synergistic effect for total PUFA and an antagonistic effect for n-3 PUFA and n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in breast muscle. Probiotics reduced some lipid indices (PUFA/SFA ratio, desirable FA and nutritive value index) only when ELP0 was fed. In conclusion, based on these results, using ELP30 alone in broiler diets is recommended to improve meat's nutritional value for consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of age on breeders' performance, plasma proteins and total nitrogen content of excreta. The trial was conducted on 150 Ross 308 female breeders' (21-week-old). During 6-weeks, the birds were reared in similar management conditions and fed with standard feeds according to age (21 to 24-weeks, and >25 weeks). At the end of weeks 22, 24 and 26, blood and fresh excreta were sampled for analysis. Plasma proteins were determined by dry chemistry using reagent strips. Total nitrogen from excreta was assessed according to the Kjeldahl method. As expected, age significantly affected body weight, feed intake, protein intake, and nitrogen intake of breeders (P<0.0001). A dynamic age-related change was noticed in breeders' plasma proteins by increasing the total protein, albumin, albumin/globulin ratio, uric acid and urea nitrogen concentrations (P<0.05). The total nitrogen content of excreta registered a tendency to increase at 26-weeks compared to 22-weeks of age (P<0.06). Significant positive correlations were found between certain performance variables (feed intake, protein and nitrogen intake), plasma proteins and excreta total nitrogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: One of the main problems in the sows' farrowing sector is related to the health of their piglets and environmental impact as well. Hemp seed oil, characterised by an excellent polyunsaturated fatty acid profile and a favourable n-6:n-3 ratio, can contribute positively to enriching sow diets in essential fatty acids that are beneficial to health. Our study highlights that a higher n-3 fatty acids intake by sows fed diet-based hemp seed oil determines a fluctuation in the plasma concentration of major sows and their offspring's immune markers (IgA, IgG, IgM). The suckling piglets receive significant Ig and essential fatty acids via maternal secretion. A milk intake with an ameliorated n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid composition reduces the diarrhoea frequency of piglets. Enteric methane, known as a greenhouse gas indicator, can be impacted positively as well. New potential predictors for enteric methane, such as feed intake, n-6:n-3 ratio, linolenic fatty acids, and lean meat can be considered. Throughout the lactation period, milk fatty acids and plasma immunoglobulins fluctuate significantly. This study shows the effects of dietary hemp seed oil on the milk composition, blood immunoglobulins (Ig), and enteric methane (E-CH4) production of primiparous sows, and their offspring's response at three time points. A bifactorial experiment was conducted for 21 days (d) on 18 primiparous sows (195 ± 3 days old). The sows were fed two diets: (i) a control diet (SO) based on soybean oil (1.6%), with an 18.82 n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratio; (ii) an experimental diet (HO) based on hemp seed oil (1.6%), with a 9.14 n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio. The milk contained an elevated level of linoleic acids (LA), n-3 FA, and especially alpha-linolenic acids (ALA), while the n-6:n-3 ratio declined using hemp oil. The Ig concentration was higher in colostrum than in milk. In the first few hours, the IgG in the plasma of piglets was more than double that of maternal plasma IgG (+2.39 times). A period effect (p < 0.0001) for IgG concentration in the plasma of piglets was recorded (40% at 10 d, respectively 73% lower at 21 d than 12 h after parturition). However, the sow diet did not affect Ig (p > 0.05). The frequency of diarrhoea declined after about 7 d. The value of the rate of diarrhoea was 6.2% lower in the PHO group. We found a 4.5% decline in E-CH4 in the HO group. Applying multiple linear regression, feed intake, n-6:n-3 ratio, ALA, and lean meat were potential indicators in estimating E-CH4. In conclusion, sow dietary hemp seed oil increased lean meat %, milk EFA, and milk IgM. Significant changes in the other dependent variables of interest (body weight, plasma Igs in sows and offspring, E-CH4 production) were not recorded. There was reduced diarrhoea which shows that EFA could play a therapeutic role in the incidence of diarrhoea and in lowering of E-CH4 emission in sows and progeny. All dependent variables were significantly altered at different time points, except for fat concentration in milk and sow plasma IgG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study evaluated the effect of feeding triticale on proximate composition, amino acids (AA) profile and nutritional value of meat (breast and thigh) of broiler chickens. A 5-weeks trial (1-35d) was conducted on Cobb 500 broilers (n=400), allotted into two dietary groups with five replicates (40 birds/replicate) and fed control (C, corn-soybean meal) and triticale (T, corntriticale-soybean meal) diets. Broilers meat's proximate composition and energy value showed no significant differences between treatments. Feeding triticale significantly increased (P<0.05) breast muscle concentrations of arginine, valine and phenylalanine, while the methionine and alanine decreased (P<0.05) and did not affect the total AA, essential, non-essential or flavor AA. Concerning the thigh muscle AA profile, partial corn replacing with triticale decreased (P<0.05) the content of isoleucine, leucine, serine and alanine, without altering the total AA, EAA, NEAA, flavor AA or their ratio. The limiting AA in both muscle types was leucine, irrespective of diet. The EAA index and net protein value revealed no significant differences between diets or muscle types. In conclusion, partial corn replacement in broilers' diets with triticale did not adversely affect the proximate meat composition and positively impacted broilers' nutritional meat protein quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mustard and grapeseed meals are low-cost by-products generated by the oil industry. We aimed to investigate the effects of fiber level on the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in the ileum and cecum, as well as the microflora and enteric methane (E-CH4) in pigs. A total of 70 Topigs hybrid pigs, 56 ± 3 days old, 20.96 ± 0.26 kg live weight, were randomly allotted to two feeding groups: (i) SM diet based on sunflower meal; (ii) MG diet based on mustard × grapeseed oil meals (MG-mixt). VFA profiles were determined by gas chromatography. E-CH4 was calculated using our trial data along with prediction equations. The MG-mixt slightly decreased growth parameters but improved daily feed efficiency and gain cost. The MG diet increased the concentration of VFAs and the microflora level. The higher VFA level recorded in the cecum (+53.93%) was correlated with a lower pH level (Spearman correlation coefficient, rho = −0.529, p < 0.001). In relation to DM intake and energy retention, E-CH4 recorded a highly significant decline in the MG group (<9.42%). A strong relationship was recorded among VFAs, microflora, predicted E-CH4, and fiber and NDF intake. The VFAs could be predictors for the E-CH4 level (p < 0.001). A significant relationship between E-CH4 and total VFAs was noted (rho = −0.462, p = 0.04). We conclude that MG-mixt has the potential to replace sunflower meal, with the minor drawbacks being balanced by the advantages provided in terms of feed efficiency, E-CH4 mitigation, and VFA levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assessed to compare the plasma metabolic status and intestinal microflora of different breeders' genotypes. A total of 110 healthy female breeders (25-week-old) were divided into three groups: Transylvanians Barred Naked Neck (30 birds) and Black Naked Neck (30 birds) vs commercial Ross 308 breeders (50 birds). During a 5-weeks trial, the birds were reared on the floor system in climate-controlled conditions. They were fed a standard commercial laying breeder diet (15.26% crude protein and 11.30 MJ/kg metabolizable energy). Blood and intestinal content samples were collected at 30 weeks for analysis. Results revealed significant differences in plasma protein profile: total protein, albumin, globulin, total bilirubin increased, and uric acid decreased in the Naked Neck varieties vs Ross 308 breeds. Energy profile showed higher glucose and lower HDL-Cholesterol levels in Naked Neck varieties. Plasma mineral profile archive highest calcium and phosphorus values for Naked Neck varieties vs commercial breed, with no significant change in Ca/P ratio. There was no genotype effect on plasma enzyme activities. Cecum microflora was significantly affected by genotype, the Enterobacteriaceae (ENT) and Coliforms population count decreased, while the beneficial population Lactobacillus (LAB) spp. and LAB: ENT ratio increases in the Naked Neck breeds vs commercial breeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During 30 days, the effects of millet grain regimen on performance indicators and blood metabolites in growing pigs were studied. A total of 40 Topigs pigs with similar age (81±3d) and weight (13.58±0.36 kg) were divided into two groups: control (C), based on the corn-triticale (25%)- soybean meal and experimental (M, where the millet replaces triticale). The production parameters and plasma samples were evaluated at the end of the experiment. Spotchem EZ SP-4430 analyzer from Arkray-Japan was used to assess the blood lipid, protein, enzyme, and mineral profiles. We noticed that the M diet maintains appropriate performance (33.22 vs. 31.30 final BW; 0.646 vs. 0.608 average daily gain; 1.39 vs. 1.29 average daily feed intake and, respectively 0.46 vs. 0.47 Gain: Feed ratio) and plasma metabolic profile with the C diet (P>0.05). In conclusion, the 25% millet added to the growing pigs' diet did not affect the performance indicators or body health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the last century, the emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) from the livestock sector increased significantly. N2O is a greenhouse gas with 298-fold higher global warming potential (GWP) than CO2. Pigs accounted for about 26% of N2O emissions. The formation of N2O occurs through nitrification and denitrification processes in manure. This study aimed to estimate N2O production in the manure of growing-finishing pigs by using our experimental data in the model. The associative effects of dietary mustard and grapeseed oil cakes (MxG), as an alternative for sunflower meal (SFM), on performance and efficiency traits were also determined. Forty growing-finishing pigs were randomly allocated in two groups (2 replicates per group) fed two diets: C diet (based on SFM, 15 wt) and E diet (based on M and G mixture, 7:8 wt:wt). Our model includes as initial input data: body weight (BW), feed intake, nitrogen intake, dietary dry matter, and fibre intake. Using literature prediction equations, including total nitrogen output (TNO) as the main parameter, we established N2O production expressed as equivalent CO2 (E-CO2). A decline with 3% for BW (P=0.44), respectively 9.0% for average daily gain (ADG, P=0.21) in pigs given MxG was recorded. Correlated with growth parameters, efficiency traits (feed intake, feed: gain ratio, N and fibre intake) were decreased as well (P>0.05). Dietary addition of MxG led to a 5% lower level of N2O production in manure. The reduction of TNO was not significant (<7.14% in the E diet compared to the C diet). In our trial, a relatively low N intake percentage is retained in the pigs body (35.56% in the C group and 35.98% in the E group, P>0.05). Based on these results, we conclude that the inclusion of 15% MxG mixture in pigs diets, although slightly declining growth parameters, is a valuable nutritional solution by their contribution to lowering N2O and N output in the manure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study evaluated the effects of a Lactobacillus strains probiotic mix on performance, carcass traits, organs size, and intestinal microflora in broilers. A total of 200 one-day-old unsexed broilers were allotted into 2 groups with 5 replicates (20 broilers/replicate). During the feeding trial (35 d) the broilers were fed with a control (basal diet) or probiotic (basal diet plus 3% probiotic mix L. acidophilus and L. plantarum, 1:1 ratio). The probiotic supplementation did not significantly influence the performance, carcass traits and organs size of broilers at slaughter age. No effect of probiotic supplementation on visceral weight or length was observed, except a higher of jejunum (P=0.007) and ileum (P=0.013) weights, and a tendency to higher the caecum length (P=0.070). The probiotic mix had no significant effect on the intestinal pH, but it improved the microflora by decreasing the Enterobacteria and E. coli counts and increasing the Lactobacilli counts and Lactobacilli: E. coli ratio in the ileum and caecum (P<0.05). In conclusion, the probiotic mix (L. acidophilus and L. plantarum mix, 1:1 ratio) did not significantly affect the productive performance but had a positive effect on broilers' gut microflora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was intended to assess the effect of graded replacements of corn gluten meal with Brewer's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), with and without Bacillus megaterium supplementation, on performance, carcass characteristics, and the gut broilers microflora composition. A total of 720 mixed sex one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to six dietary treatment groups (6 replicates each) in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement, including 3 levels of Brewer's yeast (BY; 0, 25, and 50%, to replace corn gluten meal; CGM) in the presence (+) or absence (-) of B. megaterium used as probiotic (Pro). The results showed that broilers fed diets containing BY up to 25% had comparable body weight (BWG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) to the birds fed only CGM, over the entire feeding period (days 1-35). Conversely, higher levels of BY (50% replacing CGM) registered the lowest BWG values (P < 0.001) and impaired FCR (P < 0.010), but without effects on FI. The BY diets did not significantly affect the main broiler's carcass traits. The diets with Pro did not involve modifications on carcass and organs size, but a tendency to increase the gizzard weight (P = 0.094) and to decrease SIL (P = 0.076) was observed. Pro addition also, reduced the cecal pH (P = 0.040) and diminish the total coliforms (P < 0.010), Clostridium spp. (P < 0.0001), and E. coli (P < 0.0001) count, whereas LAB, Bacillus spp., and Enterococcus spp. bacteria were increased (P = 0.022; P < 0.0001, and P < 0.0001, respectively). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has described breeding and production performances of three Muscovy duck lines (spotted, white and black) during December 2019-June 2020 which has been raise on the teaching waterfowl farm Moara Domnească of the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest and results are compared with those recorded in year 2001. Each line group has been of 55 birds in size. There were monitored weekly, monthly and for whole laying cycle the following parameters: body weight, egg production, egg weight, fertility, hatchability, egg weight and day-old body weight. Spotted line had an average body weight of 2427 g for females and 4566 g for males an egg production of 59.42 eggs/bird and an egg weight of 78.21 g and a fertility of 88.48% and a hatchability of 39.79% and a day-old body weight of 47.10 g. White line had an average body weight of 2580 g for females and 4450 g for males and an egg production of 72.06 eggs/bird and an egg weight of 76.56 g and a fertility of 86.00% with a significantly lower hatchability (35.80%) and a day-old body weight of 48.32 g. Black line had an average body weight of 2262 g for females and 4750 g for males and an egg production of 52.45 eggs/bird and an egg weight of 84.72 g and a fertility of 90.24% with a significantly higher hatchability (40.90%) and a day-old body weight of 49.92 g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Observations has been performed on biological material inside teaching waterfowl farm of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest during December 2019 - June 2020 and results are compared with those recorded in year 2001 for groups of 60 birds of races Peking, Campbell khaki and Indian Runner. During this period there were monitored and analyzed the following breeding and production parameters: body weight, egg production, egg weight, fertility, hatchability, egg weight and day-old body weight. Peking Duck had an average body weight of 2358 g for females and 2696 g for males and an egg production of 120.42 eggs/bird and an egg weight of 77,62 g and a fertility of 87.34 % and a hatchability of 54.52% and a day-old body weight of 44.04 g. Campbell khaki Duck had an average body weight of 1683 g for females and 1954 g for males and an egg production of 189.77 eggs/bird and an egg weight of 68.37 g (significantly lower compared to 2001) and a fertility of 89.61% and a hatchability of 58.42 (significantly higher) and a day-old body weight of 35.05 g (significantly lower). Indian Runner Duck had an average body weight of 1791 g for females and 2040 g for males and an egg production of 173.74 eggs/bird and an egg weight of 69.86 g (significantly higher) and a fertility of 83.31% and a hatchability of 51.11% and a day-old body weight of 37.25 g (significantly higher). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the widespread raising of swine in farms becomes a serious problem in terms of the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2), having an environmental impact. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different diets on growth parameters changes in physical size, carbon dioxide (CO2) emission and microclimate monitoring. For 28 days, 7 TOPIGS sows (average initial body weight, BW ~ 205.09 kg) were allotted in two dietary treatments: control (C diet, 1.6% soybean oil) and experimental (E diet), (with 1.6% hemp oil). The type of oil differed by their fatty acids (FA) composition. Sows were individually weighed, P2 backfat thickness was determined by ultrasound and morphometric measurements of body size were taken three times during lactation. The CO2 emitted by sows and their litter was calculated. Microclimate parameters were recorded daily. The addition of 1.6% hemp oil in the diet improved sows final body weight and reduced weight loss (P<0.05). A high significant negative Pearson correlation was observed between PUFA intake, and their fraction (Σ n-3, Σ n-6, Linolenic and Linoleic as predominant n-3 and n-6 FA). The proportion of CO2 exhalated by sows fed E diet was significantly lower compared to C diet. The CO2 emission, temperature and relative humidity were affected (P<0.001) by the sows’ physiological status. The results from this study are indicating that the hemp oil inclusion in the sow's diet has a beneficial effect on performance. Further studies are necessary to determine the nutrition impact on environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 25-day trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary mixture alfalfa hay: peas powder as partial replacement of sunflower meal (SFM) on plasma energetic profile and microbial populations of growing pigs. Ten barrows (30.28±0.53 kg, body weight; 81±3 aged) were allocated to two diets. Control (C) based on corn-SFM and soybean meal, and experimental (LP) where the dietary mixture partially replaces the SFM. At 7 and 25-days, the blood samples (N=10) were used to determine the plasma energetic profile (Spotchem EZ SP-4430, Arkray, Japan). The feed and faeces microbial populations were established by counting the colonies on selected media for each microorganism. Results showed that the LP diet maintains appropriate glucose, triglycerides and total cholesterol content to C diet (P>0.05) while improved the HDL-Cholesterol (13%, P=0.91) and LDL-Cholesterol (9%, P=0.08) content vs. C diet. In the pig's faeces, the LP diet increased the Lactobacillus (+23.33%; P<0.05) while decreased the abundance of Escherichia coli; as an effect, the total germ counts increased (+11%; P<0.05) while the Lactobacillus: Escherichia coli ratio was significantly improved vs. C diet. In conclusion, the dietary mixture alfalfa hay: peas powder had positive effects on gut health and plasma metabolite profiles of growing pigs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the acquisition of several genetic lesions in the lymphoid progenitors with subsequent proliferation advantage and lack of maturation. Along the years, it has been repeatedly shown that minimal residual disease (MRD) plays an important role in prognosis and therapy choice. The aim of the current study was to determine the prognostic role of MRD in childhood ALL patients in conjunction with other relevant patient and disease characteristics, thus showing the real-life scenario of childhood ALL. Patients and Methods: The retrospective study includes childhood ALL patients that were treated according to the BFM ALL IC 2009 between January 2016 and December 2018 at the Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania. Results: None of the variables significantly influenced the induction-related death in our study. None of the variables independently predicted relapse-free survival (RFS) with the highest tendency for statistical significance being represented by poor prednisone response. Non-relapse mortality (NRM) was independently predicted by age, prednisone response, and day 33 flow cytometry-MRD (FCM-MRD). Overall survival (OS) was independently predicted by prednisone response and day 33 FCM-MRD. Event-free survival (EFS) was independently predicted by age, prednisone response, and day 33 FCM-MRD. Conclusion : Prednisone response, day 15 FCM-MRD, day 33 FCM-MRD, and the risk group represent the most important factors that in the current study independently predict childhood ALL prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted to assess the effect of feeding an n-3 PUFA-enriched diet on growth performance, plasma metabolites, and muscle fatty acids composition in growing pigs. Forty growing pigs (13.1±1.8 kg body weight) were randomly divided to receive a control [C based on corn-triticale-soybean meal (SBM)] or n-3 PUFA mix diet [extruded linseed EL: walnut meal WM, where the 80 g/kg dietary mixture (50:30 wt/wt) partially replace SBM] for 30 days. At the end of the trial, blood and muscle samples were collected for plasma profiles and fatty acids analyses. Feeding pigs with n-3 PUFA-enriched diet slightly improved body weight and average daily gain (P>0.05) with similar feed intake, and tend to improve feed efficiency (P=0.058). There was no effect on plasma protein profile, but the plasma urea nitrogen was decreased (P=0.042) indicating a higher utilization of dietary nitrogen. Plasma lipid profile was affected as a response to the dietary mixture by reducing the total cholesterol concentration (P=0.04) vs C diet. The Longissimus Dorsi muscle of pigs fed dietary mixture had higher contents in alpha-linolenic acid (P=0.030), docosahexaenoic (P=0.050), total PUFA (P=0.0001) and n-3 PUFA (P=0.019), and a lower n-6: n-3 ratio (P=0.002) vs pigs fed C diet. In conclusion, the dietary mixture had a positive effect on growing pigs' performance and health status, improving the plasma lipo-protein response and enhanced the fatty acid profile of the meat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trial was conducted to evaluate effects of the addition of extruded linseed and walnut meal (ELW) on meat quality parameters. For a 30-days period, 40 TOPIGS pigs (body weight 13.58±0.37 kg) were allotted in two dietary treatments: control, M and experimental E (with 8% mix of ELW). At slaughter (32 ± 4.5 kg final body weight), meat samples from Longissimus dorsi (LD) and Semitendinosus (ST) were collected (n = 3 pigs/group), and analysed for pH, colour and texture profile. The pH of LD muscle was lower (-2.33%, P<0.001) in E diet. LD muscle from pigs fed E diet, registered a lower (-4.20%, P<0.001) value of Lightens (L) and a higher value of redness (a*) by 3.07 (P<0.001) compared to M. The ST muscle have registered lower (P<0.001) values of L (-7.30%) and a* (-22.84%) in E diet compared to M diet. Addition of extruded linseed and walnut meal in pigs diet have no negative influence on meat quality parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 21 days trial was conducted to evaluate the performance and plasma biochemical markers on 40 pigs (8.14 ± 1.08 kg of average body weight and 30 ± 3 days of age) when 25% of triticale was replaced with millet in weaned diets. The group C (n = 20) received a conventional diet based on corn-triticale-soybean meal and in the M group (n = 20), 25% millet cv. ʻMariusʼ replaced triticale (2 replicates per group). At 7 days post-weaning, the performances and plasma profiles (lipid, protein, mineral, enzyme) were evaluated. The blood samples collected from the piglets jugular vein (n = 10) were determined by a chemistry analyser Spotchem EZ SP-4430, Arkray, Japan. The performances of piglets fed either M or C diet were comparable (P>0.05). No effect (P>0.05) of dietary treatment on plasma metabolites was observed. However, the inorganic phosphorus (IP) decreased (-15%; P0.04) in the M vs. C diet. The present study revealed that the replacement of 25% millet to the piglet's diet, even in the most critical period of their lives, maintains the performances and blood plasma parameters within the normal reference ranges, beneficial to the health status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 25% millet (Panicum miliaceum) as replacement of triticale on some quality characteristics of pig meat. Forty pigs Topigs hybrid (initial body weight 13.58 ± 0.37 kg) used in the trial for 30 days were assigned into two dietary treatments: control diet (M) and experimental diet (E, with 25% millet that replaces triticale from M diet). The pigs were slaughtered (n=3/group) at 81 ± 3 days (final body weight 32 ± 4.5 kg). The samples were taken from the liver, Longissimus dorsi (LD) and Semitendinosus (ST) muscle and analyzed for: pH, colour and texture profile. The pH value of the liver and texture profile of all the tissue samples from E diet were not statistically different comparing to the M diet. Pigs fed E diet had a significantly increased value of redness a* in the liver (>17%) and in the ST (>45.5%) compared to M group. The liver yellowness b* was significantly higher (>53%) in the E group compared to the M group. For all tissue samples, the shear force was significantly affected in group E compared to the M group. In conclusion, the replacement of triticale with millet could be recommended for inclusion in pigs diets, without affecting pig meat quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental changes are known to be very diverse in patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study is to identify and study the main dental changes in patients diagnosed with diabetes, as well as a statistical comparison of the two types of diabetes (type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes). Material and Method: Our study included 107 patients were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM), 48 patients with DM type 1 and 59 patients with DM type 2 participated in the study. Patients aged 19-80 years old were clinically examined by analyzing the following parameters of the remnant teeth, caries, teeth with fillings, teeth with endodontic treatments and teeth with periapical radiotransparency. Results: The group of patients with DM type 1 recorded a high number of carious lesions and several lost dental units compared to the group of patients with DM type 2, where we found numerous periodontal treatments. Conclusions: We did not find a statistically significant difference between DM type 1 and DM type 2 patients with the total number of teeth present. Patients with DM type 1 presented more teeth with carious lesions at the upper jaw, while those with DM type 2 had more carious lesions at the lower jaw. The group of patients with DM type 2 presented more radiological changes of the apical periodontium, both at the upper and lower jaw. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Root resorption is a pathological process characterized by loss of dental root substance, caused by bacterial infections, traumatic injuries or chemical irritation. Root resorption might be accidentally observed on digital panoramic radiography. Objective: The objective of the study was to identify characteristic radiological aspects for the different types of root resorption that could be observed on digital panoramic radiography, to make an easier diagnostic of root resorption. Material and Method: The retrospective study used the X-ray base from the Oral Rehabilitation and Dental Prosthetics Clinic of UMF Craiova to identify the most representative images for different types of root resorption. Digital panoramic radiographies were analysed by two investigators, of which the most suggestive images were selected and described. Results: Digital panoramic radiographies and dental charts of 240 patients were analyzed. 113 cases of root resorption were identified. External inflammatory root resorption (EIRR) was present in 27.07% of studied cases, external cervical root resorption (ECRR) was identified in 10.83% of all studied cases, external replacement root resorption (ERRR) was diagnosed in 7.08% of studied cases and internal root resorption (IRR) was the most rare type of root resorption, with only 2.08% from all studied cases. 16 cases were selected to describe the radiologic features of different types of root resorption, featuring the most interesting images of root resorption evident on digital panoramic radiographies. Discussion: Comparative analyses have been made between our results and the results of other specific studies, with both similar and different values. The radiological features which lead to the diagnostic of each type of RR were highlighted, assessing the causes that caused the lesions, as well as the treatment recommendations. Conclusions: Digital panoramic radiography is a useful tool to identify root resorption, since it has become the most common radiological investigation for diagnostic in dentistry. Description of radiological aspects of different types of root resorption on panoramic digital radiography allows faster diagnosis. Still, the CBCT may be recommended in some cases to confirm the diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated the effect of sorghum grain inclusion in dairy cows diet, as an alternative to barley grain, on plasma biochemical markers (glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase). Twelve Montbeliarde dairy cows, mid to late lactation, averaging 698 ± 27 kg body weight and 18 ± 1.3 l milk.day-1, were divided into two groups in a 43-day feeding trial: C diet, based on classical energetic sources (corn and barley) and E diet, where sorghum grain replace barley. The cows received the same forage diet. An analyzer BS-130 was used to determine the plasma parameters. Results showed that the use of 25% sorghum grain in E diet increased (+30%, P = 0.009) the plasma glucose and decreased the triglycerides (-20%, P = 0.032) comparing to C diet. Total protein and albumin increased (+10%, P = 0.002; respectively +17%, P = 0.013) as effect of dietary sorghum addition. The calcium concentration increased (+21%, P = 0.022), while the magnesium concentration decreased (-28%, P = 0.010) in E diet compared to C diet. The enzymes profile slightly increased as effect of fed sorghum grain, but the differences between treatments were not significant (P > 0.05). Replacement of barley grain with sorghum had no adverse effects on health status of dairy cattle, the assessed markers being within the health reference limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The egg has a double functionality because of its excellent composition of nutrients and bioactive compounds with important role in preventing the chronic and infectious diseases, plus the fact that it allows the development of a new organism. The egg is a complete and versatile food. Egg consumption (100 g] covers 5-20% of the daily vitamin and mineral requirement for the man and has a good energy to protein ratio. The quality requirements include organoleptic characteristics, nutritional properties, technological and safety aspects. Within the context of and increased demand for egg consumption, and of the requirements of the quality standards, the focus is on the research of the dietary improvement of the quality, while not overseeing the aspects related to hygiene, health state and contamination. For instance, egg colour is provided through natural plant pigments, carotenoids, which also have the role of antioxidants and/or precursors for vitamin A, and xanthophylls. Yolk quality is associated to yolk colour and with the cholesterol level. Selenium-methionine supplements to layer diets increase the a-tocopherol content of the eggs, while decreasing slightly the yolk cholesterol. A way to increase rapidly the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids level of the hen eggs is to use linseed, canola, hempseed, camelina etc., or to supplement the diets with fishmeal or fish oil. The low dietary Ca levels affect eggshell thickness, breaking strength and form. The incidence of broken eggs ranges between 6 and 8%. The acid-base balance, influenced by the Na, K, Cl ratio in layers, can affect the breaking strength of the eggshell. The laying hens are more susceptible to diseases, and the use of antibiotics in sub-therapeutic doses to stimulate growth and/or in prophylactic doses to prevent diseases, or in therapeutic doses to cure diseases, generated problems related to the microbe resistance. Romania has some of the highest levels of antimicrobial resistance in the EU. Health systems need to respond more efficiently to changing health care needs. Giving antibiotics to sick animals will kill many bacteria, but resistant bacteria can survive and multiply, thereby contaminating the food chain. Not without significance is the fact that the livestock health care and nutrition are the main factor affecting the quality of animal origin products, animal health, metabolic disorders incidence and animal performance. This is the reason why the research is complex, and the trend is to highlight the multiple quality and health aspects closely related to quantity and to consumer orientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of dietary extruded linseed (ELS):walnut meal (WM) mixture (8:1) on some plasma parameters and intestinal health in weaned piglets was investigated. Forty piglets (Topigs hybrid; body weight BW=8.02±0.82 kg), age 30±3 days, were divided into 2 groups and fed 2 diets: control (C, based on corn-triticale-soybean meal (SBM)) and experimental (ELS:WM, where the ELS:WM mixture 8:1 partially replaces SBM). Blood samples were collected at 7 and 21 days postweaning (PW). A chemistry analyzer was used to determine the plasma lipid (total cholesterol, T-Chol; HDL-cholesterol, HDL-C; triglycerides, TG), mineral and enzymatic profile. Microbial populations from fecal samples were determined by counting the colonies obtained on selected media. There was no effect of dietary mixture inclusion on plasma parameters at 7 and 21 days PW (P>0.05). The plasma HDL-C concentration was positively correlated with the alpha-linolenic (ALA) fatty acids content of diet at days 7 (r=0.94, P<0.0001) and 21 PW (r=0.89, P<0.0001), while at day 21 PW the T-Chol (r=0.52, P=0.08) and TG (r=0.54, P=0.07) tended to be influenced by the dietary treatment. Fecal score (FS) decreased at day 7 PW (P>0.05), and at day 21 PW a tendency to decrease FS as a response to dietary mixture addition was observed (P=0.07). The tested dietary mixture positively affected the microbial fecal populations by decreasing the Staphylococcus spp. (P=0.001), E. coli (P<0.0001) and fungi (P=0.004), also tended to increase the Lactobacillus spp. (P=0.08). In conclusion, the dietary mixture could be an alternative to partially replace SBM in piglet's diet due to positive biochemical response and intestinal health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of dietary partial replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with peas (cv. Tudor), on performance, carcass traits, plasma biochemistry and intestinal microflora in broiler chicks, was assessed. One-day-old broilers (n=400) divided in 2 groups were fed 2 isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets: control diet (C) based on corn-sorghum-SBM and experimental diet (PT) that contained 200 g/kg peas (cv. Tudor). Results shown that PT addition significantly affect performance, BWG of broilers was higher in starter (13.23%; P<0.0001), finisher (3.21%; P=0.014) and overall period (4.28%; P<0.0001); FI was increased with 7.54% (P=0.005) in starter, 0.89% (P=0.001) in finisher, respectively 1.19% (P=0.043) in overall period vs. C diet. The FCR was decreased in finisher (P=0.024) and total period (P<0.0001) in PT group. Feeding PT did not affect the carcass yields but increased breast yield (P=0.038), and a tendency to increase the legs yield and to decrease the abdominal fat was observed. Plasma total protein content was higher in PT group (P=0.045). Digestive organs weight, length of the intestinal tract and intestinal pH of broilers were not affected by feeding PT diet. No differences were found in the ileal population of Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli among treatments, except the counts of Lactobacillus spp. that increased (5.83%; P<0.0001) in PT group. In conclusion, dietary peas (cv. Tudor), in the amount of 200 g/kg, as partial replacement for SBM, improve performance and carcass traits, has a positive effect on plasma total protein and alter ileal microflora by increasing Lactobacillus spp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hempseed is a low-cost ingredient rich in n-3 fatty acids (FA). This study aimed to assess the FA concentration in different pig tissuesin combination with the performance as effect of the dietary addition of hempseed. Twenty hybrid Topigs (38.64 kg) were assigned to a 30d trial into 2 groups: C group received a basal diet and HS group received the same basal diet with 5% hempseed Jubileu variety. The FA were determined by gas chromatography. The n-3 rich diet altered highly significantly PUFA concentration in Longissimus dorsi, liver, heart and brain, especially n-3 PUFA (P<0.0001) without modifying significantly the performances. The brain and liver had registered the highest concentration of long chain FA in the HS diet (5.26% in liver, 5.04% in brain compared to 1.61% in heart). Long-chain FA were not identified in the Longissimus dorsi, whatever the diet. By addition of hempseed the C18:3n3 was increased significantly in all tissues except the brain. As the PUFA increased the peroxidability index also increased, especially in the liver and brain. We can conclude that the hempseed has a valuable nutritive potential, especially in n-3 PUFA, which led to a positive alteration of beneficial FAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]