Search

The report describes how simulation technologies are embedded in military education in Vasil Levski National Military University. It is more than obvious that both NATO and EU borders are surrounded by insecurity and instability. The EU and NATO countries are facing a very wide range of security challenges and threats: from state and non-state actors; from military forces and from terrorist, cyber, or hybrid attacks. Those challenges should be included in the military education programmes, giving the cadets the opportunity to study the security treats and to be trained to react to them. Simulation systems constitute an excellent tool for the creation of a number of scenarios. Based on them, we are able to train the cadets in a virtual environment, covering a variety of different training objectives.

Copyright of Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces is the property of Gen. Tadeusz Kosciuszko Military Academy of Land Forces and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background concentrations of the heavy metals Mn, Ni, Cd, Co, Zn, Cu, and Pb in the soils and plant monitors of the Boatin Reserve were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Surface soil layers of the Boatin Reserve were polluted with Cu, as its concentration exceeded both the national legal standards and the content of Cu in nonpolluted areas. Analysis of heavy metals accumulation in all studied plant monitors indicated that the content of Cu, Pb, and Zn exceeded their concentration in non-polluted areas. It may be concluded that the heavy metals Cu, Pb, and Zn are the main pollutants in the Boatin Reserve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was employed to study the isoenzyme variation of esterase and acid phosphatase in natural populations of Dasypyrum villosum (L.) P.Candargy, Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski and Elymus caninus (L.) L. Four similarity indices (SI, S, D, I[sub h]) were calculated in an attempt to evaluate quantitatively genetic affinities among the species examined. Considering index D, the species D. villosum proved to be equally distant (D = 0.17 in both cases) from the species pair Et. repens and El. caninus. The nearly twice lower value of D for the comparison between Et. repens and El. caninus is an indication of their stronger genetic relationship. Mean values of indices I[sub h], SI and S also indicated that D. villosum is the most distinct species within the group studied. The results were discussed in the light of chloroplast DNA sequence data, suggesting a close affinity among the genera Dasypyrum (Coss. & L. Durieu) T. Durand, Elytrigia Desv. and Elymus L. The results of the present isoenzyme study are not in congruence with cpDNA analysis. Both isoenzyme and DNA data suggest that the phylogenetic position of the genus Dasypyrum within the tribe Triticeae remains unresolved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]