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In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, social, cultural and political change were mediated through sibling networks. During this period in Australia, no middle-class family was more culturally influential than the Lindsay family, many of whom became internationally renowned artists and writers. This paper examines the Lindsays' sibling bonds from childhood into adulthood and explores how the social relationships and networks created between the siblings acted as cultural incubators. The Australian settler-colonial context provides a unique lens through which to understand the importance of sibling relationships throughout the life cycle, and speaks to broader patterns around the intense character of sibling relations during this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

US-born Janet Riesenfeld (1914-1998), known in Mexico as Raquel Rojas (the actress) and Janet Alcoriza (the screenwriter), was an important figure of the Golden Age of Mexican Cinema and participant in the Spanish Republicans' cultural production in exile in Mexico. Despite collaborating on at least eighty screenplays between 1946 and 1965, including one entitled Una Gringuita en México (1951), she is mentioned only briefly in the studies of her Spanish exiled associates: second husband Luis Alcoriza (1918-1992) and Surrealist Luis Buñuel (1900-1983). It is during a period of increased national film production in Mexico that Riesenfeld created a niche as an American woman importing Spanish images while disrupting cultural fixities in Mexican popular culture. Building on transnational and mobility studies, this article employs historical biography and transcultural frameworks of the Golden Age of Mexican Cinema to illuminate more fully foreign women's productions to Mexican cultural life and the contributions of the European exile community. Integrating reviews, journalism, and analysis of film, it suggests how aspects of Riesenfeld's identity were woven into the screenplays developed by the couple, known as the "Alcorizas," and perhaps contributed to their success. This study adds to the conversation of the transnational peculiarities of cinema by arguing that the screenwriting team parodied notions of cultural authenticity when the film industry applied greater national protections, and that despite sexism, Riesenfeld negotiated creative space as a woman and a foreigner. Riesenfeld's multifaceted entrance into the Mexican film industry provides a biographical case study of the various transnational and gendered dynamics of the war and postwar periods in film production, namely in writing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article follows the work of three international fieldworkers who traveled abroad for the U.S.-based Pathfinder Fund in the 1950s and 1960s to distribute contraceptives, promote the formation of family planning clinics, and support local advocates. These actors situated their work within longer traditions of maternalist humanitarian and Christian missionary internationalism, while also portraying themselves as skilled inter-cultural interlocutors, cognizant of the changing winds prompted by decolonization movements. Still, their insistence on particular methods, reliance on stereotypes, and sometimes aggressive approach fueled tension and undermined their efforts at solidarity. The article thus illustrates some of the central contradictions of post-WWII humanitarianism and the broader entangling of missionary, maternalist, and family planning projects. This article is part of the special theme section on International Organizations in the Era of Decolonization, guest-edited by José Pedro Monteiro.

The phenomenon of mass participation of Soviet women in the Great Patriotic War has no analogues in the history of world wars. Despite this, their contribution to the Victory was not immediately reflected in historiography and is still not sufficiently covered both in encyclopedic publications and in school textbooks, which determines the relevance of our study. The purpose of the work is to trace the development of scientific approaches to the study of the participation of Soviet women in the Great Patriotic War. The author uses methods of historiographic analysis, historiographic synthesis, and periodization. The study led to conclusion that in Soviet historiography the main emphasis was made on the leading role of the party in organizing the military service of women, on their heroism and military merits; works on certain categories of female military personnel did not add up to a complex picture. The only generalizing studies on the problem published during the Soviet period were the works by V.S. Murmantseva, based on archival materials. The turning point of the Soviet historiography was the documentary essay by S.A. Alexievich «War’s Unwomanly Face», where, based on oral history materials, a female perspective on the events of the Great Patriotic War was presented for the first time. At the turn of the 20th–21st centuries, when new scientific directions emerged – military-historical anthropology and military-historical psychology, established by E.S. Senyavskaya, – conditions are being created for deeper and more comprehensive study of the phenomenon of women in war. However, no general work devoted to the frontline everyday life of Soviet women soldiers has yet appeared, which makes the study of this problem promising in contemporary historical science.

Recently, scholars have begun to use network analysis to explore women's participation in correspondence networks. One such correspondence with a distinct presence of women letter-writers is that of the philosopher John Locke (1632–1704), who corresponded with thirty-five different women, including the philosopher Damaris Masham (1659–1708), and his cousin Mary Clarke (c. 1656–c. 1705). Through the lens of citation and co-citation analysis, this essay explores the reception of the women letter-writers in Locke's correspondence, arguing that shifting focus onto the reception of women facilitates a re-centering of these women's activities even at moments that their own letters are no longer extant, examining the connections between how women letter-writers represent themselves and how they are represented by the wider network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the Spanish Civil War, around 15,000 women were deployed as nurses or auxiliaries in the military health service of the Francoist army. Many of them worked behind the firing lines and came close to the combat and destruction. When the war drew to an end, these frontline nurses were demobilized and sent home to hearth and family. For some of them, returning home was a relief; for others, it meant the end to a professional career and meaningful vocation outside family control. Some of them used the tumultuous 'post-war' months to raise their voices, demanding the same treatment as male veterans. They wanted the same privileges these men enjoyed, such as free university access or ex-combatant status. Rallying together in support of such interests, they transcended several social borders, like Francoist ideas of complementary gender roles, concepts of nurses being acquiescent angels at sickbeds, and values of unconditional subordination and obedience. By pushing marriage into the future, they further violated Francoist expectations of a woman's 'proper' biographical trajectory. In all these endeavours to gain a place at the table of Francoist Spain, they found support from their male colleagues and superiors. Drawing from sources of the Francoist military health service, this paper argues that their petitions echoed the elitist and gendered views concerning the making of the victor's society. These perspectives reflected the intricate integration processes within the heterogeneous support base from which the Spanish dictator Francisco Franco drew his legitimacy and backing both during and after the war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tiempos Modernos is the property of Tiempos Modernos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 1826 Marian Mason was introduced to British society as a callisthenic instructor. Trained by P.H. Clias, a gymnast who oversaw physical training in the military and navy, Mason is the first high profile female fitness coach in British history. Despite her importance as a landmark figure, Mason's contributions, and indeed life, remain relatively obscured from the historical record. Studying Mason's heyday in public life from 1826 to the early 1830s, this article provides the first substantive examination of Mason's life, her social networks and wealth and, critically, the monograph she published in 1826. While acknowledging Mason's role as an early female fitness coach, the article provides a deep reading of Mason's successes, focusing on her class and relationship advantages, her ability to court medical favour and shrewdness in addressing broader societal concerns. This article is less a biography and more an examination of the broader social and medical trends in early nineteenth century England, which created a space for people like Mason. The article presents a simple argument – Marian Mason was an early female fitness coach who, drawing on broader societal concerns about the body, created a niche for her career by leveraging her expertise and familial connections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our special issue approaches knowledge as a product of intermingled sensory experiences in ways that confound neat divisions of body/mind, exterior/interior, subject/object, cognition, emotion, and imagination. Rejecting "cognitive ocularcentrism," as well as approaches that focus on any single sense, we articulate an intersensorial framework premised on the entanglement of touch with other senses, particularly sight. Through this, we highlight hidden epistemic multiplicities, intersubjectivities, and literary strategies for the study of gender in the history of science, especially in reference to the gendering of personae and emotions. The putative rise of the visual in modern science was always already intersensorial, no matter how much cognitive ocularcentrism sought to tame this. By attending to seeming distractions within knowledge production, our issue seeks to reintegrate science back into the immersive flow of intersensorial experience and recover the sensuous webs that connect actors, geographies, fields, and time periods habitually separated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses how a gender-historical perspective may still be productive in today’s historiography of education. In doing so, it relies on theoretical approaches developed in feminist and gender-historical debates and in debates about the ontological turn in historiography. Categories are thus understood as “world-giving” and changing entities which cannot just be analysed in their varying historical contexts but must be examined and historicised themselves in order to capture their fuzziness and fluidity. Against this theoretical background and on the basis of professional journals of kindergarten teachers and published speeches of seminar teachers, this article analyses debates about kindergarten in the German-speaking part of Switzerland, focusing on the years 1950–1980. In these debates, it examines what “productive work” (Scott) the categories “child” and “mother” did with regard to social and gender order and how they emerged from various knowledges becoming entangled in specific places and times. The allegedly clear “inside-outside boundaries” and “dichotomies” (Haraway) between the categories are questioned by turning to conflicts, to the unresolved, to the paradoxical. Furthermore, the paper reflects on the tasks assigned to kindergarten and the arguments which were put forward to legitimise it within the category-related “meshwork” (Ingold) of knowledges and power. Finally, it is shown how powerfully the categories “child” and “mother” acted in the debates about kindergarten in German-speaking Switzerland when stabilising and perpetuating a strongly gendered social order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article restores the social and economic status of Tatar women based on documents of Orenburg Mokhammedan Religious Assembly (OMRS), state audit documents, acts of civil status, and journalistic materials of the 19th-early 20th centuries. The Menzelinsk Uyezd had class specifics and was a part of the military (canton) administration. The chronology of the article starts from the late 18th century and continues until the mid–1860s, due to the fact that at the time the state authorities approved certain laws on marriage and family life of Muslims of the Russian Empire: they changed the age of marriage and legalised inter-class marriages, the OMRS began to regulate marital disputes and inheritance cases. The author places the main focus on the marriage and family aspect of private life and includes many archival examples related to the Tatar women of the Menzelinsk Uyezd. Tatar women turned to OMRS when they needed a divorce or permission to remarry, etc. Women were independent subjects of Muslim and civil law, but they always acted with the support of their relatives. Images of Tatar women in the first half of the 19th century presented in publicistic works are a bit static. Russian authors described only the look of a Tatar woman, the cost of her clothes, accessories, etc. The Tatar view was focused on the composition of the woman’s family (to whom she was married, how many children she had). The article presents the biographies of three Tatar women from the Menzelinsy Uyezd: Kurypla Imanaeva, Gulbadar Akhtyamova, and Khasiba Arduanova. Each case illustrates the main trends in everyday life in the first half of the 19th century (military service problems, the cholera epidemic, etc.). The everyday objects played an important role in interpersonal relations and conflicts. At the same time, in the second half of the 19th century, the Tatar society had an ideal of not only a hard-working and religious woman, but also an educated woman.

The primary source of this study is 76 video interviews concerning a political campaign by the Chinese Communist Party: the Anti-Hu Feng Counter-revolutionary Clique Movement (1955–1956). This campaign and the long incrimination of its central figures—Hu Feng (1902–1985), his wife Mei Zhi (1914–2004), and other associates—have had an impact on Chinese intellectuals for nearly seven decades and generated hundreds of (auto)biographies, memoirs, critical writings, and scholarly studies since the 1980s. Victimized writers managed to publish again, but the stories of their wives remained obscured and marginalized for years. This article presents three research findings: first, the wives provide different but equally essential testimonies as do the writers; second, methods used by feminist historians can benefit oral history collection from all, but from women and the marginalized in particular; and third, gendered memory helps to bridge the gap between those who have and have not personally experienced specific historical events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is no longer a novelty in Religious Studies that translations play an integral role in questions of (inter-)cultural contact, comparison, and identity. But the question of what translation means, how it relates to interpretation, and the role of text, language, and practice has not been adequately addressed. In recent years, feminist historical research has published some ground-breaking work addressing this very question. This article uses a cross-disciplinary (literature studies, feminist translation studies and religious studies) approach to examine four different Ramayana versions in late colonial Ceylon and India (1900–1930) written by the Theosophists Annie Besant, Marie Musaeus Higgins and Leelawathy Ramanathan for the purpose of girls' education. The differing portrayals of Sita as the "perfect wife" will be used to highlight the importance of theories of translation for the study of global religious history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The social institution of the family as an environment for the formation and evolution of gender roles is of particular interest for the study of Soviet society. The government controlled the private sphere of public life even in the late USSR. The media were an important social institution that influenced the construction of ideas about gender and reproduced images of desired models of family relations and the gender structure of society. Gender analysis can be used to identify popular stereotypes about masculinity and femininity, as well as gender family roles in the late USSR. In this paper, the author analyzes the materials of Soviet magazines and newspapers published from the late 1960-ies to the 1970-ies: the magazine for parents and teachers «Family and School», the popular science magazine «Health», the advertising magazine «New goods», the children’s magazines «Murzilka» and «Funny Pictures». These publications are aimed at different readership. This allows us to get a more complete picture of the real and desired models of masculinity and femininity in late Soviet society. As a result of the study, conclusions are drawn about significant discrepancies between the declared equality of women and men in Soviet society and the real gender structure. The representation of stereotypical models of family relations indicates contradictions in the peculiarities of male and female gender socialization, as well as in the gender differentiation of family and household functions of men and women.

This essay compares the professional experiences of Suzanne Chantal and Paola Ojetti in 1930s France and in 1930s and early-1940s Italy, respectively. Beyond their very different political, national, and cultural contexts, these women both occupied central positions within some of the most influential film periodicals of the era: Suzanne Chantal for Cinémonde and Paola Ojetti for Film. This study is mainly based on sources which enable us to take a closer look at their activities, their working conditions, and their feelings regarding the treatment they received while working for these periodicals. Sources include Suzanne Chantal’s memoirs and her personal diaries from the late 1930s, kept by her family, and Paola Ojetti’s extensive working correspondence, preserved in the Fondo Mino Doletti of the Biblioteca Renzo Renzi at the Cineteca di Bologna, as well as other correspondence documents preserved in Italian archives. This paper explores the working trajectories and social positioning made by these two largely forgotten but powerfully significant figures in order to establish themselves in a predominantly male professional and cultural environment, while at the same time questioning the limits of their integration. By shedding light on microhistory and questioning gender issues, this article turns its attention primarily to working practices, women’s paths, and social networks of film press and film criticism history.

This article examines women's demands for political and educational rights in the socio-historical context of women’s exclusion from public life in the years 1913 to 1933. Our goal is to understand how the debate on women’s suffrage and feminism was conducted in the northern Brazilian press of Parahyba in the early twentieth century. The article draws on a study of the newspaper A União, in which fifteen issues from 1913, 1920, 1925, 1930, 1931, and 1933, were found that addressed the issue. The analysis reveals that the debate on feminist ideas was not unanimous, as there were sometimes contradictions between the claims for more schooling, financial independence and political rights and the fear of violating the prevailing norms and ideologies by going beyond the sphere of private life dedicated to the family.

The years 1918/19 were frequently interpreted as a caesura and disruption in Austria's history. But one can also understand them as a time of societal-political starting points, where the search for new meanings intensified and old senses were re-phrased or newly interpreted. The dissolution of the k.(u.)k. Army and the installation of Soldiers' Councils created a scope of action to question the gendered military hierarchies between men. This article examines the discursive processes of negotiating military gender orders and conceptions of soldierly masculinities in times of societal and cultural transformation from war to peace, from monarchy to republic, and from a hierarchical to an at least imagined democratic society. The Volkswehr, which was established as a makeshift successor of the k.(u.)k. Army and dominated by the Austrian Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei (SDAP), was discursively designed as an antimilitaristic, democratic, and republican army between 1918 and 1920. A gender theoretical analysis of the weekly journal Der Freie Soldat illustrates the position and role of the Volkswehr, the Soldiers' Councils, and the Militärverband in postwar gender discourses. The social democratic discursive construction of military masculinity intertwined a male soldierly ideal with revolutionary, republican, and proletarianly charged meanings along with concepts of protective masculinity. How did this conception impact the understanding of categories of military discourses such as (male) comradeship and discipline? The differentiation of militarized gender orders during the 'Austrian Revolution' illustrates the complexity of negotiating gendered meanings and further complements the gender history of the First Austrian Republic. Also, it is necessary for a deeper understanding of processes of re/militarisation in the interwar period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Swedish context, fairly little is known about the variation in the level and composition of female wealth over the long term. This paper aims to contribute to filling this gap, emphasising the main features of unmarried women's wealth and assessing how it evolved during the second half of the nineteenth century. To this end, the study relies on a sample of about 500 probate inventories drawn up in the city of Uppsala between 1850 and 1910. The second half of the nineteenth century was a period of transformation encompassing several aspects of Swedish society. The change included the economic and financial structure of the country, as well as the legal framework and the labour market. The research proves that unmarried women's wealth increased in the period here analysed, even though dissimilarly between spinsters and widows. Their wealth changed also from a qualitative point of view, as shown by the increasing presence of specific assets such as real estate and stocks recorded in their inventories. Among the several factors that can be retraced at the origins of this phenomenon, the development of a more equal legal framework and the evolution of the housing market seemed to have played a major role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neither archives nor museums are neutral. They reflect particular sets of priorities: those of the institution; the collectors and curators within them; and those of their intended audiences. In the context of sport, gender is a key influence on these priorities. Yet sporting archives are relatively silent about women's historical involvement in sport. A number of Collaborative Doctoral Partnership projects delivered through Sporting Heritage use oral history as a methodology for academic research and as an intervention in the archive, expanding collections and giving voice to otherwise under-represented groups. In this paper, I focus on issues relating to oral history in heritage settings and in the academic practice of history: the history of the methodology itself and its implications for a shared research agenda, including the extent to which oral history can – and should – be used as a method of historical recovery. In sport heritage and sport history. where men and the masculine have dominated the academic discipline and the practice of collecting, I consider the gendering of oral history, and its implications for such collections. Lastly, I reflect on the critical opportunities offered by this methodological approach, as well as the challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Inadequate coverage of transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) health in the UME curriculum contributes to the scarcity of competent physicians to care for TGD patients. Increasing TGD health skills–based curricula in UME can help address TGD health disparities. We developed a standardized patient (SP) case to assess TGD health skills–based competencies and attitudes among medical students. Methods An interdisciplinary team, including individuals with lived TGD experience, developed the SP case that was completed by second-year medical students at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine in January 2020. After the TGD SP session, students and faculty completed a postsession survey to assess the degree to which the case met the learning objectives. Students were assessed via self-reports, faculty reports, and SP video evaluations. Results Seventy second-year medical students, 30 faculty facilitators, and eight SPs participated in 2020. Students reported being significantly more prepared to care for TGD patients (Z = −5.68, p < .001) and to obtain a gender history (Z = −5.82, p < .001). Both faculty and students felt that skills for caring for TGD patients were important in medical education and agreed the case should remain in the curriculum. Discussion The case effectively honed and assessed students’ ability to collect a gender history and discuss goals for hormone therapy with TGD patients. It should complement ongoing curricula to effectively train medical students in TGD health care. Developing these skills in students directly addresses the barriers that many TGD patients experience in health care settings.

The Royal Historical Society's Gender Equality report in 2018, as well as a number of smaller surveys, suggests that while women now make up a significant proportion of those studying advanced degrees in history, they remain under-represented both in academic institutions (especially at higher levels) and in journals and similar high-esteem publications. Women's and gender history has been one subfield where this is not the case; if both men and women have written on this topic, women have largely dominated the field and women's and gender history remains a significant site where women's authoritative knowledge has been prized and their leadership recognised. This special issue celebrates Scottish women's and gender history as a domain of history where questions of power and authority, inclusion and exclusion, work, labour and knowledge production have already been considered through a gendered lens. Our authors bring case studies from a diverse range of time periods and historical contexts, but they share a commitment to central questions of how women—throughout history and as historians—have produced space for their authoritative knowledges and practices, how these might be nurtured or constrained, and the ongoing implications for gender equality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the work of the gynecologist Włodzimierz Fijałkowski, the key promoter of preparation for childbirth in Communist and early democratic Poland. From the late 1950s until the 1990s, Fijałkowski developed a childbirth preparation training protocol that served as an inspiration for childbirth preparation schools across the country. Through analysis of Fijałkowski's publications in medical journals, books aimed at both professional and lay readers, visual aids for childbirth training, and archival material, we demonstrate that a specific vision of gender roles and relationships lay at the core of Fijałkowski's psychoprophylactic project. This vision represented a re-definition and re-essentialization of femininity and masculinity, and motherhood and fatherhood, while simultaneously advocating for radical change in the relationship between women in labor and obstetric professionals. Fijałkowski's ideas and advocacy were intimately connected with a humanization of the embryo and fetus from the earliest stages of pregnancy, and we show how his work became an important transmission medium for the gradual mainstreaming of anti-abortion ideas within public discourse in late-Communist Poland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Istorijski Zapisi is the property of Historical Institute of Montenegro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This publication reconstructs the biography of N. M. Terekhova (Belonogova) political figure of Omsk social-democratic, a teacher, an active participant in the socio-political movement in Western Siberia. Despite the very significant contribution to the activities of the RSDLP, the biography of this revolutionary is not reflected in historiography, her name was not included in the official Soviet historiography, although many associates, and sometimes opponents in their memoirs mentioned it, even after several decades. In the official press about it, they wrote quite rarely. The basis for the publication is a set of published and unpublished memories, memoirs and materials of the paperwork of the gendarmerie identified in the funds of the historical archive of the Omsk region. According to the results of a study built on a combination of an anthropological approach and the biographical method, the author emphasizes the particular relevance and importance of genealogical practices in the study of regional socio-political history.

Textbooks, the pillars of the school curriculum, trace the study of student classes and represent their educational incipit. In this regard, a question arises: "does the history studied at school take gender relations into account?". Starting from the analysis of a selection of recent history textbooks for high schools, the study attempts to assess, through the analysis of textual and iconographic citations, whether the female figure is present in the new generation of textbooks. Therefore, it is crucial to detect to what extent and in what capacity this figure contributes to the narrative of history studied at school.

This article combines history of the family with women's and gender history and the history of women's education; it is based on an extensive range of archives and aims at highlighting the attitude of society and families towards women who wanted to attend University studies in the beginning of the 20th century. The matter of women's university education is directly related to the emergence of the feminist movement in Greece. The strong preference of female university students for the exact sciences at that time was justified by contemporary scholars as a choice reflecting women's nature. This article highlights the role played by family and social class background. To this effect, the life course of three 'heroines' is followed from their initial desire to undertake further studies to their participation in the social and cultural life of the capital of Greece, as a contribution to current literature on gender studies. Despite the limited number of cases discussed, we strongly believe that these women's upbringing enhances our understanding of women's scientific pursuits and their place in Athenian elite families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Divorce files not only document the negotiation of conflicts between two spouses. They also provide insights into the (often precarious) working conditions of marginalized persons, such as servants. This article examines divorce files from 1800 until 1867 with a special focus on the narratives they contain about maids. The first part of the article addresses the issue of sexual violence against maids. The second and the third part question what consequences sexual intercourse with the masters and a potential pregnancy could have for the maids according to labour law and criminal law. Finally, the article discusses whether the maids had agency in the context of “adultery” with their masters and if they could express their personal perspective in court.

Jahrzehntelangen feministischen Kämpfen, Analysen und Errungenschaften zum Trotz sind Männer und Frauen in Arbeitsmarkt, Beschäftigung oder Sozialversicherung keineswegs gleichgestellt. Der Gender Pay Gap oder die Tatsache, dass insbesondere Frauen von (Alters-)Armut betroffen sind, sind nur einige merkliche Auswirkungen der Geschlechterungleichheit, die auch im 21. Jahrhundert nicht an Wirkmächtigkeit verloren hat. Dieser Band macht sich die Geschichte von Geschlechterhierarchien in Arbeitskontexten zum Gegenstand und stellt sich damit in die lange Tradition frauen- und geschlechterhistorischer Forschungen. Die Beiträge untersuchen, wie Ungleichheit zwischen Männern und Frauen historisch immer wieder neu hergestellt, ausgestaltet und abgesichert wurde. Sie zeigen die vielfältigen Wechselbezüge von Arbeit und Geschlecht auf und analysieren die Verschränkungen mit anderen Differenz- und Ungleichheitskategorien, insbesondere mit Stand/Klasse. Dabei stellen die Autor*innen Akteur*innen in den Mittelpunkt ihres Interesses, die an der Durchsetzung von Hierarchien oder an stillen oder lautstarken Protesten um deren Beseitigung beteiligt waren. Die Protagonistinnen der Beiträge sind meist weibliche Arbeitskräfte, die sich ihren Lebensunterhalt vielfach unter äußerst prekären Umständen organisierten. Damit schreiben die Aufsätze die Geschlechtergeschichte von Ungleichheit, Diskriminierung und Prekarität, aber auch von Handlungsmacht und Eigensinn in Arbeitsverhältnissen fort.

This essay employs a broad historical approach to complexify common narratives around the treatment of queer people within the early Soviet Union. By examining how structures of control surrounding, and competing conceptions of, factors such as modernity, sexuality, race, location and gender intersect, it challenges notions of a decline from liberatory post-revolutionary policy into oppressive Stalinist policy. It also reveals a more nuanced picture of the treatment of queer people in the Soviet Union, one which highlights the variety of ways in which queer expression was legalised, medicalised, and criminalised, and the resulting plurality of queer experience during this period. As an essay centred on the experiences of queer people, it also serves to prevent the all too common erasure of queer people from historical narratives, which is essential to creating a nuanced historical tradition that itself challenges misconceptions of the nature and existence of queer people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 1920s and early 1930s, Turkish women did not experience Kemalist politics in a monolithic fashion. Novels by Suat Derviş (1904/5–72) and Nezihe Muhiddin (1889–1958) served as critical commentary on women's experiences across different age cohorts. While the regime called for "new," "modern" women, those of a marriageable age found themselves in a paradoxical position: embrace the regime's reforms yet face familial and societal censure for this behavior. Derviş and Muhiddin were politically engaged, astute thinkers whose fiction documented transformations and continuities in the early republican era. In Behire'nin Talipleri (1923) and Fatma'nın Günahı (1924) by Derviş and Güzellik Kraliçesi (1935) by Muhiddin, the authors critically demonstrated that age produced distinct emotional and social outcomes for young Turkish women. I argue that both Muhiddin and Derviş highlighted and critiqued these persistent challenges and how often-contradictory demands for their subjecthood intensified in the early republican era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article deals with the political agency of Baroness Ebba Stenbock, the widow of Klaus Fleming, in the power struggle of the 1590s, when Duke Charles and King Sigismund were struggling for the throne of the Swedish Realm. Widow of the most ardent supporter of King Sigismund, Baroness Ebba became famous for participating in the politics of the time and even in the defense of the Turku Castle against the troops of the Duke. After the Baroness had been imprisoned and taken to Stockholm, she nevertheless received and sent messages to help the cause of the King. This article analyses the role of an aristocratic widow who held no offices but who had important symbolic power after her husband, the Admiral and the Steward of Finland and Livonia. A careful analysis of scattered evidence sheds light on the agency of an aristocratic widow and her role in the turmoil of the late sixteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution to the forum Gender, Intimate Networks, and Global Commerce in the Early Modern Period follows the career of a single late seventeenth-century English East India Company ship and her crew, in order to challenge the claim that long-haul ships were isolated spaces. Specifically, it looks at the many kinds of connections —intimate and otherwise—that characterised early modern ships and their crews. These included connections between and among sailors themselves, between ships at sea, and between ships' crews and the diverse communities from which they came. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors address working class women’s activism in socialist Yugoslavia, focusing on archives produced at both factory and municipal levels by local društva žena or aktivi žena (women’s societies/sections) in the industrial town of Varaždin, Croatia. Their critical exploration of archival sources produced between the mid-1950s and the late 1980s has enabled the authors to challenge dominant interpretations of women’s activism during state socialism, particularly the idea that no relevant activism existed after the dissolution of the Antifascist Women’s Front (AFŽ) in 1953. To counter that view the authors highlight the continuities between the AFŽ and subsequent women’s organizations, the Union of Women’s Societies (SŽD) and the Conference for the Social Activity of Women (KDAŽ), in terms both of discursive narratives and of biographical trajectories. They argue that local archival collections provide new and differentiated insights into past gender and labour conflicts and into working class women’s activism.

This article considers recent proposed revisions to Crown Prosecution Service legal guidance on ‘Deception as to Gender’, that were put out for public consultation in September 2022. It does so against a backdrop of a series of sexual offence prosecutions brought against young LGBTQ people since 2012. These prosecutions, especially those brought against trans people, have been widely criticised. The article offers an assessment of the merits of the proposed revisions and their likely impact on prosecution decision-making, if implemented. The article will proceed as follows. Part 2 will provide some background context regarding prosecutions of this type. Part 3 will set out the current law pertaining to sexual fraud. Part 4 will provide a detailed analysis of the proposed revisions and will consider their likely impact on the practice of prosecution, if implemented. The article will argue that, while the proposed revisions strike a better balance between the interests of cis complainants and trans suspects charged with sexual offences, they continue, in important ways, to approach questions of evidence through hetero and cisnormative lenses to the detriment of trans and LGBQ suspects, and they provide a questionable pro-prosecution interpretation of legal doctrine concerning the proper scope of ‘deception as to gender’. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes basic theoretical notions of the oppression of women, class inequality, women’s history, and gender history discussed in the study named Dugi ženski marš. Položaj radnica i ženski aktivizam u Hrvatskoj između dvaju svjetskih ratova authored by a croatian historian Ana Rajković (2021). What is more, the paper examines the role of these assessments in creating the historiographical narrative as a whole. The study by Ana Rajković is an innovative synthesis of various insights about women’s history in both the labour and feminist movement in Yugoslavia in the interwar period. Furthermore, the study provides possibilities for (re)interpretation of these insights in the context of women’s contemporary social and intellectual history. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to re-examine the theoretical and methodological differences between contemporary historiography, of which Ana Rajković is a representative, and seminal historical syntheses in Yugoslavia after the Second World War, whose main focus was also on female members of the communist movement and their activity in the interwar period.

The article is devoted to the reconstruction of the daily life of female workers of the Ishim shoe factory No. 4 during the Great Patriotic War. To study the everyday life of women during the war years, the office documents of the factory and local authorities, as well as documents of personal origin, are used. The study is based on a historical and anthropological approach to the past. Descriptive method and oral history method are applied. The author comes to the conclusion that thanks to the efforts of women, who were the main labor force of the factory, in a short time the evacuated enterprise not only began to function in a new place, but also became a model for other enterprises of the Ishim region. The women not only over fulfilled the plan for sewing shoes, but also fully met the production needs of the enterprise: they prepared peat and firewood organized vegetable gardens and stored vegetables for the factory canteen. In addition, women were actively involved in social work taking care of the evacuees, collecting money, food and warm clothes for the needs of the front. Along with the development of new social roles by women, they retained their traditional responsibilities related to maintaining a home and raising children. Similar transformations in the social behavior of women occurred against the background of a deterioration in living conditions, a reduction in living standards, a lack of nutrition, and complications of the epidemiological situation. With the complication of her social roles, a woman during the war years carried an important social function associated with the creation of a special spiritual atmosphere, simultaneously reconciling with the brutal military reality and maintaining the hope of a return to peacetime