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IgG antibodies form immune complexes (IC) that propagate inflammation and tissue damage in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. IgG IC engage Fcγ receptors (FcγR) on mononuclear phagocytes (MNP), leading to widespread changes in gene expression that mediate antibody effector function. Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins are involved in governing gene transcription. We investigated the capacity of BET protein inhibitors (iBET) to alter IgG FcγR-mediated MNP activation. We found that iBET dampened IgG IC-induced pro-inflammatory gene expression and decreased activating FcγR expression on MNPs, reducing their ability to respond to IgG IC. Despite FcγR downregulation, iBET-treated macrophages demonstrated increased phagocytosis of protein antigen, IgG IC, and apoptotic cells. iBET also altered cell morphology, generating more amoeboid MNPs with reduced adhesion. iBET treatment impaired chemotaxis towards a CCL19 gradient in IC-stimulated dendritic cells (DC) in vitro, and inhibited IC-induced DC migration to draining lymph nodes in vivo, in a DC-intrinsic manner. Altogether, our data show that iBET modulates FcγR-mediated MNP activation and migration, revealing the therapeutic potential of BET protein inhibition in antibody-mediated diseases.

The structure of three functionalized chalcones (1,3-diarylprop-2-en-1-ones), containing combinations of nitro and dimethylamino functional groups, are presented, namely, 1-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-3-(3-nitrophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one, C17H16N2O3, Gp8m, 3-[3-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-1-(3-nitrophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one, C17H16N2O3, Hm7m and 1-(3-nitrophenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one, C15H11NO3, Hm1-. Each of the molecules contains bonding motifs seen in previously solved crystal structures of functionalized chalcones, adding to the large dataset available for these small organic molecules. The structures of all three of the title compounds contain similar bonding motifs, resulting in two-dimensional planes of molecules formed via C—H...O hydrogen-bonding interactions involving the nitro- and ketone groups. The structure of Hm1- is very similar to the crystal structure of a previously solved isomer [Jing (2009). Acta Cryst. E65, o2510].

Two crystal structures of chalcones, or 1,3-diarylprop-2-en-1-ones, are presented; both contain a methyl substitution on the 3-Ring, but differ on the 1-Ring, bromo versus cyano. The compounds are 3′-bromo-4-methylchalcone [systematic name: 1-(2-bromophenyl)-3-(4-methylphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one], C16H13BrO, and 3′-cyano-4-methylchalcone {systematic name: 2-[3-(4-methylphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]benzonitrile}, C17H13NO. Both chalcones meaningfully add to the large dataset of chalcone structures. The crystal structure of 3′-cyano-4-methylchalcone exhibits close contacts with the cyano nitrogen that do not appear in previously reported disubstituted cyanochalcones, namely interactions between the cyano nitrogen atom and a ring hydrogen atom as well as a methyl hydrogen atom. The structure of 3′-bromo-4-methylchalcone exhibits a type I halogen bond, similar to that found in a previously reported structure for 4-bromo-3′-methylchalcone.

The title compound, C15H10I2O, is a halogenated chalcone formed from two iodine substituted rings, one para-substituted and the other meta-substituted, linked through a prop-2-en-1-one spacer. In the molecule, the mean planes of the 3-iodophenyl and the 4-iodophenyl groups are twisted by 46.51 (15)°. The calculated electrostatic potential surfaces show the presence of σ-holes on both substituted iodines. In the crystal, the molecules are linked through type II halogen bonds, forming a sheet structure parallel to the bc plane. Between the sheets, weak intermolecular C—H...π interactions are observed. Hirshfeld surface analysis showed that the most significant contacts in the structure are C...H/H...C (31.9%), followed by H...H (21.4%), I...H/H...I (18.4%). I...I (14.5%) and O...H/H...O (8.1%).

ObjectiveTo perform a systematic review, and if possible a meta-analysis, to establish whether depressed patients with co-morbid chronic somatic illnesses are a high risk "double trouble" group for depressive recurrence.MethodThe databases PubMed, EMbase and PsycINFO were systematically searched until the 4(th) of December 2012 by using MeSH and free text terms. Additionally, reference lists of retrieved publications and treatment guidelines were reviewed, and experts were consulted. Inclusion criteria were: depression had to be measured at least twice during the study with qualified instruments and the chronic somatic illness had to be assessed by self-report or by a medical professional. Information on depressive recurrence was extracted and additionally risk ratios of recurrence were calculated.ResultsThe search generated four articles that fulfilled our inclusion criteria. These studies showed no differences in recurrence over one- two- three- and 6.5 years of follow-up for a total of 2010 depressed patients of which 694 patients with a co-morbid chronic somatic illness versus 1316 patients without (Study 1: RR = 0.49, 95% CI, 0.17-1.41 at one year follow-up and RR = 1.37, 95% CI, 0.78-2.41 at two year follow-up; Study 2: RR = 0.94, 95% CI, 0.65-1.36 at two year follow-up; Study 3: RR = 1.15, 95% CI, 0.40-3.27 at one year follow-up; RR = 1.07, 95% CI, 0.48-2.42 at two year follow-up and RR = 0.99, 95% CI,0.55-1.77 at 6.5 years follow-up; Study 4: RR = 1.16, 95% CI, 0.86-1.57 at three year follow-up).ConclusionWe found no association between a heightened risk for depressive recurrence and co-morbid chronic somatic illnesses. There is a need for more longitudinal studies to justify the current specific treatment advice such as long-term pharmacological maintenance treatment for this presumed "double trouble" group.

To identify factors associated with infant growth up to 6 months, with a particular focus on maternal distress, and to explore the effect of ethnicity on any relation between maternal distress and infant growth.Cohort study recruiting White and Pakistani women in the United Kingdom (UK). Infant growth was measured at birth and 6 months. Standard assessment of mental health (GHQ-28) was undertaken in pregnancy (26-28 weeks gestation) and 6 months postpartum. Modelling included social deprivation, ethnicity, and other known influences on infant growth such as maternal smoking and alcohol consumption.Maternal distress improved markedly from pregnancy to 6 months postpartum. At both times Pakistani women had more somatic and depression symptoms than White women. Depression in pregnancy (GHQ subscale D) was associated with lower infant growth at 6 months. Self-reported social dysfunction in pregnancy (GHQ subscale C) was associated with lower gestational age.. Pakistani women reported higher GHQ scores during pregnancy associated with smaller infants at birth. They lived in areas of higher social deprivation, reported less alcohol consumption and smoking postnatally, all independent influences on growth at 6 months.Maternal mental health in pregnancy is an independent influence on infant growth up to 6 months and is associated with ethnicity which was itself associated with deprivation in our sample. There is a complex relationship between symptoms of maternal distress, ethnicity, deprivation, health behaviours, and early infant growth. Measures should include both emotional and somatic symptoms and interventions to reduce risks of poor early growth need to include psychological and social components.

Scholars widely recognize parental involvement in education as a significant factor in children's academic success, particularly in the domain of reading. This systematic review aimed to examine the role of parental involvement in the implementation of reading programs and its effect on the reading achievement of elementary school learners. Through a comprehensive search of academic databases, relevant studies published in peer-reviewed journals between 2010 and 2023 were identified and analyzed. The review included various forms of parental involvement, such as participation in reading-related activities at home, communication between parents and teachers, and parental engagement in school-based reading initiatives. Findings indicated a positive association between parental involvement in reading programs and children's reading achievement. Specifically, active parental engagement, such as reading with children at home, providing a print-rich environment, and communicating regularly with teachers about their child's progress, was consistently linked with higher levels of reading proficiency among elementary school learners. Moreover, the review highlighted the importance of collaborative efforts between schools and families in designing and implementing reading programs. Programs that actively involved parents in decision-making processes, provided resources and support for parental involvement, and fostered positive relationships between parents and educators were more likely to yield significant improvements in students' reading outcomes. However, challenges related to parental involvement, such as socioeconomic disparities, language barriers, and varying levels of parental education, were also identified. Addressing these challenges required tailored strategies that recognized and accommodated the diverse needs and circumstances of families. In conclusion, this review underscored the crucial role of parental involvement in enhancing the effectiveness of reading programs and promoting reading achievement among elementary school learners. It provided insights for educators, policymakers, and practitioners to develop evidence-based strategies that fostered meaningful partnerships between schools and families to support children's literacy development. The researcher further recommended further research to explore the specific mechanisms through which parental involvement influences reading outcomes and to identify best practices for promoting sustained engagement among diverse populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Instructional videos have been prepared using Adobe Captivate software to create animated tutorials to capture instrument and molecular modeling software simulations and to allow for increased independent hands-on instrument use by students and faster training for instructors and teaching assistants. The videos are available on YouTube and can be viewed prior to or synchronously as students are acquiring an IR spectrum, processing an [superscript 1]H NMR spectrum, or performing specific calculations using GaussView. Student surveys indicate preference for the animated tutorials over conventional paper instructions and general favorability of the videos.

Three related courses examining the connection between chemistry and art have been developed for study-abroad programs in Florence, Italy, by faculty members at Gonzaga University and Mount Saint Mary's University. These courses are described with the intent of providing a general framework for the development of chemistry and art courses in other locations. Course descriptions, syllabi, relevant resources, and methods of evaluation for all three courses have been included in the online supporting information. (Contains 2 tables.)

Abstract A recent approach to promote central nervous system (CNS) regeneration after injury or disease is direct conversion of somatic cells to neurons. This is achieved by transduction of viral vectors that express neurogenic transcription factors. In this work we propose adult human mucosal olfactory ensheathing glia (hmOEG) as a candidate for direct reprogramming to neurons due to its accessibility and to its well-characterized neuroregenerative capacity. After induction of hmOEG with the single neurogenic transcription factor NEUROD1, the cells under study exhibited morphological and immunolabeling neuronal features, fired action potentials and expressed glutamatergic and GABAergic markers. In addition, after engraftment of transduced hmOEG cells in the mouse hippocampus, these cells showed specific neuronal labeling. Thereby, if we add to the neuroregenerative capacity of hmOEG cultures the conversion to neurons of a fraction of their population through reprogramming techniques, the engraftment of hmOEG and hmOEG-induced neurons could be a procedure to enhance neural repair after central nervous system injury.

Lesbian and bisexual women from diverse backgrounds possess unique viewpoints regarding the meanings and functions of "community." Despite this, few studies have explored sexual minority women's understanding of and relationship to their communities. The present study employed qualitative research methods to investigate the meanings and functions of community among a sample of ethnically diverse lesbian and bisexual women (N = 49). From the participants' responses in semistructured focus groups and key informant interviews, three core constructs emerged: community concepts (relevance, meaning), community-based strain (racism, homophobia, biphobia, classism), and community-based action (fluidity, exclusivity). Implications of these findings for future research and practice with this population of women will be discussed. (Contains 1 footnote.)

The authors investigated ethnicity, self-construal, and distress among African American and Asian American college students. African American students expressed more salient independent self-construals, whereas Asian American students expressed more salient interdependent self-construals. As hypothesized, among African American participants, distress was positively related to interdependent self-construal and negatively associated with independent self-construal. Contrary to prediction, the same pattern was found for Asian American participants. Multicultural clinical practice implications are presented. (Contains 1 table.)

Three-dimensional haptic matrices were pilot-tested as a nonvisual measure of cognitive ability. The results indicated that they correlated with convergent measures, with emphasis on spatial processing and that the participants who described items "visually" completed them more quickly and accurately and tended to have become visually impaired more recently than the other participants. (Contains 5 figures and 1 table.)

On the basis of previous research on self-construals, the theory of reasoned action, and persuasive communication, the authors hypothesized that individual, behavioral-focused information would be more effective in increasing help-seeking intention among college students in the United States, whereas relational, normative-focused information would be more effective among college students in Thailand. Results partially supported these predictions, suggesting that different information can enhance help-seeking intention across cultures. (Contains 4 tables.)

Direct-care paraprofessionals' recognition of psychopathology of varying severity in persons with mental retardation was evaluated. Factors that may influence paraprofessionals' decisions to initiate referrals for mental health services on behalf of individuals with mental retardation were also evaluated. Results suggest that staff members recognized and differentiated psychopathology of varying levels of clinical severity. Results also suggest that paraprofessionals are more likely to initiate making a referral when professionals are perceived as being competent in treating individuals with mental retardation, and when providers' interventions are consistent with the referring agency's philosophy.

Two crystal structures of chalcones, or 1,3‐diarylprop‐2‐en‐1‐ones, are presented; both contain a p‐methyl substitution on the 3‐Ring, but differ with respect to the m‐substitution on the 1‐Ring. Their systematic names are (2E)‐3‐(4‐methylphenyl)‐1‐(3‐{[(4‐methylphenyl)methylidene]amino}phenyl)prop‐2‐en‐1‐one (C24H21NO) and N‐{3‐[(2E)‐3‐(4‐methylphenyl)prop‐2‐enoyl]phenyl}acetamide (C18H17NO2), which are abbreviated as 3′‐(N=CHC6H4‐p‐CH3)‐4‐methylchalcone and 3′‐(NHCOCH3)‐4‐methylchalcone, respectively. Both chalcones represent the first reported acetamide‐substituted and imino‐substituted chalcone crystal structures, adding to the robust library of chalcone structures within the Cambridge Structural Database. The crystal structure of 3′‐(N=CHC6H4‐p‐CH3)‐4‐methylchalcone exhibits close contacts between the enone O atom and the substituent arene ring, in addition to C…C interactions between the substituent arene rings. The structure of 3′‐(NHCOCH3)‐4‐methylchalcone exhibits a unique interaction between the enone O atom and the 1‐Ring substituent, contributing to its antiparallel crystal packing. In addition, both structures exhibit π‐stacking, which occurs between the 1‐Ring and R‐Ring for 3′‐(N=CHC6H4‐p‐CH3)‐4‐methylchalcone, and between the 1‐Ring and 3‐Ring for 3′‐(NHCOCH3)‐4‐methylchalcone.The structures for 3′‐(N=CHC6H4‐p‐CH3)‐4‐methylchalcone and 3′‐(NHCOCH3)‐4‐methylchalcone are the first reported structures containing their respective 3′‐substituents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food production significantly impacts the environment through natural resource consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. However, the ongoing increase in global food waste (FW), driven by diverse factors and regional differences, highlights the urgent need for accurate FW assessment and effective mitigation strategies. While many studies address broad sectors, such as tourism, there is a clear need for focused research in areas where FW reduction could yield substantial benefits, particularly in the food service sector, which generates 244 Mt of FW annually. This paper investigates FW mitigation strategies in higher education cafeterias and canteens (HECC) in Santiago (Chile), a region needing more specific studies. Using a qualitative methodology, structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with HECC managers were employed to uncover both the benefits and challenges of FW management. A convenience sampling method yielded a sample size of n = 17. The findings offer vital insights: FW in HECCs is primarily driven by inadequate infrastructure, high operational costs, limited awareness among managers and consumers, and insufficient institutional backing. The study also highlights tangible benefits, such as cost reduction and operational efficiency, while identifying barriers like regulatory hurdles and spatial limitations. These insights support the development of actionable public policy recommendations to reduce FW in the food service sector, improve infrastructure, refine management practices, and foster greater institutional awareness and support.

Abstract Reducing free sugars intake is important for the prevention of dental caries and obesity in children. The study aimed to determine the amount and sources of free sugars known to contribute to dental caries, and identify sociodemographic determinants of intake by children aged 5 years in Australia. Cross‐sectional analysis of dietary data from a cohort study, collected using a customized food frequency questionnaire were used to calculate free sugars intake as grams/day and percentage contribution to Estimated Energy Requirement (EER). The percent contribution of food sources to free sugars intake was derived. Sociodemographic determinants of achieving intakes within WHO thresholds (i.e.,

In the last two decades, the identification, documentation, enhancement and protection of places of memory has intensified in Catalonia (Spain), with a semiotics and discourse that demands a gender perspective, in line with the projects carried out in museum spaces. With the aim of analysing the role of women and their representation in memorial spaces in Catalonia, we focus on the Xarxa d'Espais de Memòria, a project managed by the Catalan Memorial Democràtic. Three factors were decisive in choosing this project as a case study: 1) the project’s maturity, which after 15 years presents a solid trajectory; 2) the territorial scope, since the places of memory are present in the entire Catalan territory; and 3) the programme’s public nature. The article is based on a quantitative and qualitative study of 185 places of memory, where we examine how women are represented. Although, a priori, the late development and legislative implementation of memory policies might raise expectations of a certain awareness of the gender perspective, the results obtained do not support this hypothesis. In the heritagisation of memory, as in other fields, women have been systematically under-represented. The rare exceptions to this trend – the result of recent initiatives – are presented in this article as a possible change of trend in memory-related activities regarding women representation.