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Background: Pregnancy-associated physiological and hormonal changes are known to contribute to increased prevalence and severity of sleep complaints and disorders. Aims: To evaluate the quality of sleep (according to PSQI score <5 and >5) in pregnant women and fetal outcomes. Materials and methods: The current study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology on pregnant women who visited O.P.D for antenatal visits. It is a descriptive, prospective and observational type of study. The duration of study was 1 year from 1st Jul 2017 to 30th June 2018 on all pregnant women who were in their first trimester which were further followed up to post-partum period. Results: APGAR at 1min, Mild Asphyxia was observed in 48.22% cases and severe Asphyxia was observed in 2.03% cases. The cases in poor quality sleep were 67.01% in 1st trimester followed by a decrease in 2nd trimester (42.13%) than again increase (84.77%) than further decrease in Postpartum period. This finding was statistically significant (P<0.001S). Score was significantly higher in LSCS, as compared to Normal delivery (P<0.001S). Although the PSQI score was higher in preterm as compared to Term Pregnancy. It was significant at 3rd Trimester. PSQI score was higher in <2.5 kg baby weight at birth as compared to =2.5 kg weight baby (P<0.001S). APGAR score at one minute was normal (7-10) among 93.33% of the good sleep group. PSQI score was higher in cases with NICU admission as compared to absence of NICU Admission (P<0.001S). PSQI score was higher in cases with Prolonged labour(>20hrs) as compared to normal labour(<20 hrs) but it was observed significant at 3rd trimester (P=0.048S). Significant correlation was observed with PSQI Score at 1st, 2nd, 3 rd Trimesters and post partum period with birth weight (r=-262, poor, negative correlation). No Significant correlation was observed with PSQI Score at 1st, 2nd and 3 rd Trimesters and post partum period with age, gravida, parity, Period of gestation at the time of delivery and duration of labour. Conclusion: During the analysis, we have also found a significant relationship between poor quality of sleep with poor fetal outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims/Introduction: This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of and factors associated with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Indian women with prior gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosed using International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria. Materials and Methods: This cross‐sectional study (2018–2019) enrolled women with and without prior GDM. Study participants underwent detailed assessments, including relevant medical, obstetric and demographic details; 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test with glucose and insulin estimation at 0, 30 and 120 min; and other relevant biochemical and anthropometric measurements. NAFLD status was defined by ultrasonography. Results: We evaluated a total of 309 women (201 and 108 with and without prior GDM, respectively) at a mean age of 31.9 ± 5.0 years and median of 16 months (interquartile range 9–38 months) following the index delivery. The prevalence of NAFLD was significantly higher in women with prior GDM (62.7% vs 50.0%, P = 0.038; grade 2 and 3 disease, 13.9% vs 6.5%). On logistic regression analysis (fully adjusted model), the odds of NAFLD were 2.11‐fold higher in women with prior GDM (95% confidence interval 1.16–3.85, P = 0.014). Overweight/obesity, metabolic syndrome, prediabetes and homeostasis model of assessment of insulin resistance (a measure of insulin resistance) were positively associated with NAFLD, whereas the Matsuda index (a measure of insulin sensitivity) showed a negative association with NAFLD. Conclusions: The prevalence of NAFLD is high in women with prior GDM. Such women also have a high burden of cardiometabolic risk factors. Future studies should evaluate the intermediate and long‐term hepatic and cardiovascular risk, and the impact of lifestyle interventions in reducing morbidity in such women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhodium-catalyzed, chemo- and regioselective synthesis of functionalized quinolines using 2-aminohydrazones and terminal alkynes has been described. The reaction is oxidant/base-free and tolerates a wide variety of functional groups and has been successfully extended with 1,3 and 1,4-bis(phenylethynyl)benzenes to afford 1,3- and 1,4-bis(4-methylquinolin-2-yl)benzenes and 2-(3/4-ethynylphenyl)-4-methylquinolines. Furthermore, the control experiment supports the proposed reaction mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition-metal-free chemo-, regio-, and stereoselective synthesis of (Z) and (E) styryl pyrazoles and benzpyrazoles by the addition of N-heterocycles onto functionalized terminal and internal alkynes using a super basic solution of KOH/DMSO has been described. The stereochemical outcome of the reaction was governed by time and quantity of the base. The reaction of pyrazoles and benzpyrazoles onto alkynes takes place chemoselectively without affecting the free -NH2 group of pyrazoles and -OH group of alkynes. The designed protocol was well implemented on alkynes bearing long alkyl chain, an alicyclic ring, hydroxy, ether, and ester functionality, which offer the N-alkenylated products in good yields. This developed methodology also provides easy access for the synthesis of bis-vinylated heterocycles. The presence of free -NH2, -OH, -COOR, and halo group in styryl pyrazoles, could be further utilized for synthetic elaboration, which is advantageous for biological evaluation. For the first time, we have disclosed the base-mediated conversion of (Z)-styryl pyrazoles to (E)-styryl pyrazoles in KOH/DMSO system. The cis-trans isomerization was supported by the control experiments and deuterium labeling studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the efficacy of Magnesium sulphate and Phenytoin sodium regime in the prevention & control of eclamptic fits. This retrospective study was conducted for one year. 197 eclamptic cases were reported of which 147 cases were managed with magnesium sulphate and 47 were managed with Phenytoin sodium regime.There were 197 cases of eclampsia among 12,170 deliveries, incidence being 1.61%. In magnesium sulphate regime, seizures were controlled within 4hrs of therapy in 97.94% patients while it was 80.86% in Phenytoin sodium group. Recurrent convulsions with Magnesium sulphate (4.76%) were less as compared to phenytoin sodium(34.04%)p<0.01. 91.8% of patients in Magnesium sulphate regained their consciousness within 12 hrs of therapy while it was only 70-72% in Phenytoin sodium regime p<0.01.It is therefore inferred that Magnesium Sulphate therapy has proved superior to Phenytoin sodium regime because of minimal CNS depressant action, minimal fits recurrence and better level of consciousness.All the above factors collectively help in reducing maternal mortality and morbidity &improving foetal salvage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the seasonal trends in the occurrence of eclampsia in India. It notes that Eclampsia is one of the most serious and potentially catastrophic complications of pregnancy and major cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity in the nation. It examines the occurrence of eclampsia in the nation's four major seasons including dry cool winter, dry hot summer, and post monsoon. It adds that eclampsia is also associated with cooler temperature or winter cold weather leading to vasospasm and ischaemia thus high incidence is noted in winter season. Meanwhile, several charts and graphs including the nation's season-wise distribution of eclampsia, comparison of study with various authors, and the month-wise distribution of eclampsia are also presented.