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Music is increasingly used with youths in health and psychosocial interventions. We conducted a scoping review with the aim to provide an overview of the current available evidence on music intervention for youth in mental health settings, to inform practice and further research. Three databases (PsycINFO, PubMed and CINAHL) were surveyed. Using the PRISMA review method, 23 studies met inclusion criteria. Young people aged from 4 to 25 years old with various mental health conditions participated in music interventions. Music therapy was the most investigated (71%). Improving social skills was the most frequent therapeutic aim addressed. Music interventions are mostly appreciated by the participants, but it is difficult to make conclusions about their effectiveness because of the heterogeneity of research designs and the limited current state of research. Music interventions appear to represent a promising complementary approach to usual psychiatric care, but further standardised research is necessary to continue investigating their therapeutic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Children, families and staff in pediatric hospitals often experience elevated psychological distress. Art-based initiatives, such as group drumming, have been proposed as strategies to support well-being in this context. Methods: This study evaluated the feasibility and potential benefits of a drum circle activity designed to improve the affective experience of patients, families and staff in a large pediatric hospital. A total of 48 patients, 16 employees and 15 visitors completed questionnaires before and after up to 12 joint drum circle sessions. A total of 12 respondents took part in semi-structured interviews. Results: Quantitative analyses showed significant pre-post-session increases in positive affect (beta =.48; p <.001) and decreases in negative affect (beta = −.29; p <.001). Qualitative results corroborated these findings, in addition to suggesting the safety of the activity as well as other potential benefits. Conclusions: This preliminary study supports the usefulness of group drumming to enhance the well-being of pediatric hospital patients, families and staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The MAP is an innovative receptive music therapy intervention derived from psychomusical relaxation methods that aims to foster the well-being and recovery of youths with mental health problems by providing them with an adaptive and effective music-assisted means to regulate their mood states. In this quasi-experimental pilot study, we assessed the mood-enhancing potential of participation in MAP sessions delivered by a music therapist in an in-patient mental health facility for children and adolescents. Using short standardized self-reported questionnaires, 20 participants aged 9-17 years old (M = 14, SD = 2.4), mainly girls (13 = 65%), rated their affective state immediately before and after two to four MAP sessions and a similar number of regular unit activity sessions used as comparison. This created a 2 × 2 (Time × Condition) single-group within-individual design. We analyzed pre-post session changes in affect using multilevel mixed models and found participation in MAP sessions to be associated with systematic reductions in self-reported general negative affect and state anxiety. These variations were of modest-to-large magnitude and significantly greater than those associated to participation in regular unit activities. While only a first step towards the validation of the MAP as an effective intervention to foster more adaptive and effective day-to-day mood regulation in youths with mental health problems, this study supports its specific potential to alleviate negative affects and provides a rare demonstration of the putative benefits of music therapy in a pediatric mental health inpatient context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé L'objectif principal de notre étude pilote est de former un focus groupe adolescents/jeunes adultes afin d'explorer leur utilisation d'Internet et de médias sociaux et leurs expériences découlant de cet usage pour favoriser les transferts de connaissances et nous donner un aperçu des objectifs à cibler pour nos futures questions de recherche. Les objectifs secondaires sont d'explorer les conséquences positives et négatives de ces usages et la gestion de cette utilisation chez leurs parents par un focus groupe parents. L'étude est transversale, exploratrice, descriptive, ouverte, non randomisée et observationnelle. Les participants sont 14 jeunes âgés de 14 à 25 ans, ayant côtoyé Espace Transition et un de leurs parents. Les analyses sont descriptives. Les thèmes soulevés par les jeunes sont pour les aspects négatifs : la cyberdépendance, le cyberharcèlement, l'atteinte de l'estime de soi via le besoin de validation par les pairs ou par la comparaison de ce qui est posté, les impacts psychologiques et physiques. Les aspects positifs sont : la socialisation et la possibilité de rencontrer des personnes ayant les mêmes intérêts. Dans le groupe parent, la difficulté de la surveillance face à ces nouvelles technologies est soulevée. Une appréhension est présente concernant la cyberdépendance et la perte de la capacité à communiquer en face à face. Les aspects négatifs évoqués sont le risque de cyberharcèlement, l'impact sur l'humeur de l'impression de perfection projetée par les autres et la socialisation. Les aspects positifs sont : l'entraide pour les devoirs et la possibilité de trouver du support et de se confier plus facilement. Abstract Introduction The main objective of our pilot study is to form a focus group of adolescents/young adults to explore their use of Internet and social media and their experiences to promote knowledge transfer and give us an overview of objectives for future research questions. The secondary objectives are to explore the positive and negative consequences of these uses and the management of this use in their parents by a focus group parents. Methods The study is cross-sectional, descriptive, open, no-randomized and observational. Participants are 14 young people between the ages of 14 and 25, who have worked with Espace Transition and one of their parents. The analyzes are descriptive. Results Themes addressed by young people are for the negative aspects: cyberaddiction, cyberbullying, injury to self-esteem via the need for peer validation or comparing what is posted, psychological and physical impacts. The positive aspects are: socialization and the possibility of meeting people with the same interests. In the parent group, the difficulty of monitoring these new technologies is addressed. An apprehension is present concerning the cyberaddiction and the loss of the capacity to communicate face to face. The negative aspects mentioned are the risk of cyberbullying, the impact on the mood of the impression of perfection projected by others and socialization. The positive aspects are: mutual help for homework and the possibility of finding support more easily. Conclusion By enabling adolescents/young adults to guide some of our research questions, we make sure that we address the most significant issues in the future. The subject being vast and the studies multiple, the risk is indeed to be mistaken in our objectives and to let us influence by the common thinking and not rational. Following our research results, we will begin the realization of a larger project in order to have a theoretical but also practical scope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pelagic realm of the dark ocean is characterized by high hydrostatic pressure, low temperature, high-inorganic nutrients, and low organic carbon concentrations. Measurements of metabolic activities of bathypelagic bacteria are often underestimated due to the technological limitations in recovering samples and maintaining them under in situ environmental conditions. Moreover, most of the pressure-retaining samplers, developed by a number of different labs, able to maintain seawater samples at in situ pressure during recovery have remained at the prototype stage, and therefore not available to the scientific community. In this paper, we will describe a ready-to-use pressure-retaining sampler, which can be adapted to use on a CTD-carousel sampler. As well as being able to recover samples under in situ high pressure (up to 60 MPa) we propose a sample processing in equi-pressure mode. Using a piloted pressure generator, we present how to perform sub-sampling and transfer of samples in equi-pressure mode to obtain replicates and perform hyperbaric experiments safely and efficiently (with <2% pressure variability). As proof of concept, we describe a field application (prokaryotic activity measurements and incubation experiment) with samples collected at 3,000m-depth in the Mediterranean Sea. Sampling, sub-sampling, transfer, and incubations were performed under in situ high pressure conditions and compared to those performed following decompression and incubation at atmospheric pressure. Three successive incubations were made for each condition using direct dissolved-oxygen concentration measurements to determine the incubation times. Subsamples were collected at the end of each incubation to monitor the prokaryotic diversity, using 16S-rDNA/rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Our results demonstrated that oxygen consumption by prokaryotes is always higher under in situ conditions than after decompression and incubation at atmospheric pressure. In addition, over time, the variations in the prokaryotic community composition and structure are seen to be driven by the different experimental conditions. Finally, within samples maintained under in situ high pressure conditions, the active (16S rRNA) prokaryotic community was dominated by sequences affiliated with rare families containing piezophilic isolates, such as Oceanospirillaceae or Colwelliaceae. These results demonstrate the biological importance of maintaining in situ conditions during and after sampling in deep-sea environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The view that the cortical primordium is initially patterned in similar ways to the rest of the embryo has been a conceptual breakthrough. We now have a new starting point for understanding how the cortical area map is established and how maps may change and evolve. Here we review findings that signaling molecules secreted from distinct cortical signaling centers establish positional information in the cortical primordium and regulate regional growth. In other embryonic systems, positional signals would regulate the patterned expression of transcription factors, leading, in a gene regulatory cascade, to the patterned differentiation of the tissue. We discuss candidate transcription factors with respect to such a model of cortical patterning. Finally, embryonic structures interact to pattern one another. We review data suggesting that the thalamus and cortex are patterned independently then interact to generate the final cortical area map. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]