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This study provides a quantitative way to tailor the grain structure in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Square-bottomed columnar grains (SCGs) were developed with a certain width roughly equal to the hatch spacing. The development of SCGs relied on different distinguishable regions, which were identified based on the differences in microstructural features between the melt-pool side and centreline. High lattice rotation accumulated at the melt-pool centreline, leading to grain boundaries forming at the centreline regions. The ultrasonic attenuation measurements and microhardness tests further validated the controllable properties. The findings indicated a novel approach to customise the material property. A method to quantitatively control the columnar grain width in laser powder bed fusion was uncovered. The controllable properties were indicated, and the formation mechanism was revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to achieve dual‐mode thermal regulation for switchable heating and cooling on a single platform has thus far been challenged by the availability of suitable materials. The materials need to possess both high solar reflectance and high transmittance, necessitating large and small thicknesses in the same coating layer, respectively (i.e., the thickness constraint). Herein, for the first time, a single‐layer coating made in a facile one‐step process is reported, which exhibits rapid switch between high solar reflection (≈96.6%) and high solar transmission (≈86.6%). In the dry state, high solar reflectance and infrared (IR) emittance (>96% from 8 to 13 µm) enable passive radiative cooling, resulting in all‐day near/sub‐ambient temperatures in the demanding weather conditions of the tropical climate. Upon wetting, high transparency in the broadband range (0.3–2.5 µm) allows solar heating, leading to switchable thermal regulation. Such unprecedented performances are achieved through a unique hierarchical porous structure comprising of vertically aligned microscale pores in nanoscale pore matrix. This structure breaks the thickness constraint and broadens its applicability, in particular for seasonal areas with large temperature variation throughout the day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Europe there have appeared several important collections on Marxist literary theory, such as Francis Mulhern's Contemporary Marxist Literary Criticism (1992) and Terry Eagleton and Drew Milne's Marxist Literary Theory: A Reader (1996). However, Chinese voices are not included at all in these volumes. Maybe this lacuna results from a lack of awareness of Chinese Marxist aesthetics on the part of most European literary historians and critics. In this article, we seek to discuss the circumstances of European scholars' contacts with Chinese Marxist aesthetics, mainly in the 1960s and 1970s. Starting from the variation theory perspective proposed by Shunqing Cao we will discuss how European scholars read and misread what they perceived as the meaning and universal applicability of what was happening in China at the time. The discussion is divided into three parts: the utopian interpretation of the Chinese theory of revolution in France, the critical reception by Eastern European Marxists, and the sympathetic interpretation by sinologists such as the Dutch diplomat and literary scholar Douwe Fokkema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the clinical treatment features of biliary tract and pancreatic surgery complicated by acute pancreatitis., Methods: A retrospective analysis of 21 cases of biliary tract and pancreatic surgery complicated by acute pancreatitis in the Department of General Surgery in our hospital during May 2005 to July 2011 was performed; the clinical treatment features were analyzed in terms of surgical option, onset interval of acute pancreatitis after last surgery, length of stay in hospital and Ranson score., Results: There was no statistic difference between the two groups (A: The onset interval of acute pancreatitis after last surgery < 0.5 year. B: The onset interval of acute pancreatitis after last surgery > 0.5 year) in pathogenetic condition and length of stay in hospital. All patients were discharged after treatment, a follow-up of 6-18 months found no recurrence of pancreatitis., Conclusion: There is no relevance between the treatment feature and onset interval of biliary and pancreatic surgery complicated by acute pancreatitis. The disease is still treated meanly with symptomatic and supportive treatment, while the etiological treatment is also particularly important.