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1. Artificial intelligence extension of the OSCAR‐IB criteria

Author

Axel Petzold, Philipp Albrecht, Laura Balcer, Erik Bekkers, Alexander U. Brandt, Peter A. Calabresi, Orla Galvin Deborah, Jennifer S. Graves, Ari Green, Pearse A Keane, Jenny A. Nij Bijvank, Josemir W. Sander, Friedemann Paul, Shiv Saidha, Pablo Villoslada, Siegfried K Wagner, E. Ann Yeh, and the IMSVISUAL, ERN‐EYE Consortium

Subjects
Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI)‐based diagnostic algorithms have achieved ambitious aims through automated image pattern recognition. For neurological disorders, this includes neurodegeneration and inflammation. Scalable imaging technology for big data in neurology is optical coherence tomography (OCT). We highlight that OCT changes observed in the retina, as a window to the brain, are small, requiring rigorous quality control pipelines. There are existing tools for this purpose. Firstly, there are human‐led validated consensus quality control criteria (OSCAR‐IB) for OCT. Secondly, these criteria are embedded into OCT reporting guidelines (APOSTEL). The use of the described annotation of failed OCT scans advances machine learning. This is illustrated through the present review of the advantages and disadvantages of AI‐based applications to OCT data. The neurological conditions reviewed here for the use of big data include Alzheimer disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson disease, and epilepsy. It is noted that while big data is relevant for AI, ownership is complex. For this reason, we also reached out to involve representatives from patient organizations and the public domain in addition to clinical and research centers. The evidence reviewed can be grouped in a five‐point expansion of the OSCAR‐IB criteria to embrace AI (OSCAR‐AI). The review concludes by specific recommendations on how this can be achieved practically and in compliance with existing guidelines.

Published
2021
Full Text
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3. Young Adults in the Workplace: A Multisite Initiative of Substance Use Prevention Programs. RTI Press Book

Author

RTI International, Bray, Jeremy W., Galvin, Deborah M., Cluff, Laurie A., Bray, Jeremy W., Galvin, Deborah M., Cluff, Laurie A., and RTI International

Abstract

Although higher rates of substance use among young adults aged 16 to 24 are well-established (OAS, 2010), existing workplace substance use prevention and early intervention programs primarily target older workers. These data suggest that workplaces need substance abuse prevention and early intervention programs that are proven to be efficacious with young working adults. To address this critical need in American workplaces, in 2004 the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) announced its Young Adults in the Workplace initiative (originally entitled Youth in the Workplace [YIW]) (SAMHSA, 2004). The YIW initiative was designed as a two-phase collaborative effort among SAMHSA investigators, multiple grantees, and a coordinating center. It was conceived as a mechanism to test the efficacy of workplace substance use prevention or early intervention programs for young working adults aged 16 to 24. In Phase I, SAMHSA required grantees to develop workplace programs by starting with interventions shown to be efficacious either for adults in workplace settings or for young adults in non-workplace settings and to modify these programs specifically for use with young adult workers. In Phase II, SAMHSA funded a subset of the Phase I grantees to implement the workplace programs and to participate in a cross-site evaluation of the YIW initiative conducted by the Coordinating Center. Based on a peer-review process, SAMHSA funded 13 Phase I grantees and 6 Phase II grantee teams (including workplace partners). This publication briefly describes the background and rationale for the YIW initiative, presents the interventions implemented by the six YIW grantees, and provides an overview of the methods and design of the cross-site evaluation. Chapters in this book include: (1) The Young Adults in the Workplace Initiative: An Introduction (Deborah M. Galvin, William Schlenger, and Johannes Norling); (2) Healthy WorkLife for Young Adults: Implementing Health Promotion and Substance Abuse Prevention in a Health Care Setting (Rebekah K. Hersch, Royer F. Cook, Daniel Hughes, Samantha L. Leaf, and Douglas W. Billings); (3) Substance Abuse Prevention for the Young Workforce in the Railroad Industry: An Adaptation of the PREVENT Program (Rebecca Spicer, Ted Miller, and Eduard Zaloshnja); (4) Team Resilience: Health Promotion for Young Restaurant Workers (Joel B. Bennett and Charles C. Aden); (5) Substance Abuse Prevention in the Electrical Industry: The NECA-IBEW Team Awareness and Team Vigilance Programs (Eric Einspruch, Chris O'Neill, Kelly Jarvis, Kelly Vander Ley, and Pamela Raya-Carlton); (6) Adapted Team Awareness for Youth and Conservation Corps (Jean Denious, Chandra Ring, Nick Reese, Jennifer Hooks, Caitlin Kozicki, Cori Stott, and Brie Reimann); (7) LifeSkills Training Wellness Program: An Application for Young Adults in Supermarkets (Christopher Williams, Jessica Samuolis, Kenneth W. Griffin, and Gilbert J. Botvin); and (8) The Young Adults in the Workplace Initiative: Cross-Site Evaluation Methods (Georgia T. Karuntzos, Jeremy Bray, Laurie Cluff, and Deborah M. Galvin). Chapters contain figures, tables and references.

Published
2011

5. Incidence of severe critical events in paediatric anaesthesia (APRICOT): a prospective multicentre observational study in 261 hospitals in Europe

Author

Klimscha, Walter, Konecny, Regina, Luntzer, Robert, Morawk-Wintersperger, Ulrike, Neiger, Franz, Rustemeyer, Lydia, Breschan, Christian, Frey, Denise, Platzer, Manuela, Germann, Reinhard, Oeding, Joachim, Stoegermüller, Birgit, Ziegler, Bernhard, Brotatsch, Philipp, Gutmann, Anton, Mausser, Gerlinde, Messerer, Brigitte, Toller, Wolfgang, Vittinghoff, Maria, Zangl, Gregor, Seidel-Ahyai, Natascha, Hochhold, Christoph, Kroess, Ruth, Paal, Peter, Cnudde, Steven, Coucke, Patricia, Loveniers, Birgit, Mitchell, John, Kahn, David, Pirotte, Thierry, Pregardien, Caroline, Veyckemans, Francis, Coppens, Marc, De Hert, Stefan, Heyse, Björn, Neckebroek, Martine, Parashchanka, Aliaksandra, Van Limmen, Jurgen, Van Den Eynde, Nancy, Vanpeteghem, Caroline, Wyffels, Piet, Lalot, Michaël, Lechat, Jean-Paul, Stevens, France, Casaer, Sari, De Groote, Françoise, De Pooter, Françoise, De Villé, Andrée, Gerin, Marc, Magasich, Natalia, Sanchez Torres, Cristel, Van Deenen, Denise, Berghmans, Johan, Himpe, Dirk, Roofthooft, Eva, Joukes, Ellen, Smitz, Carine, Van Reeth, Veronique, Huygens, Christel, Lauweryns, Julie, De Smet, Karen, Najafi, Nadia, Poelaert, Jan, Van de Velde, Anne, Van Mossevelde, Veerle, Bekavac, Ivan, Butkovic, Diana, Heli Litvic, Dubravka, Kerovec Soric, Ivana, Maretic, Hrvoje, Moscatello, Djurdjica, Popovic, Ljiljana, Micici, Slobodan, Stuck Tus, Ivana, Kalagac Fabris, Lada, Simurina, Tatjana, Sulen, Nina, Kesic-Valpotic, Gordana, Djapic, Dajana, Žurek, Jirí, Jureckova, Lucie, Mackova, Iveta, Skacel, Monika, Weinlichova, Stanislava, Divák, Jan, Frelich, Michal, Urbanec, René, Biskupova, Vera, Mixa, Vladimir, Pavlickova, Jana, Afshari, Arash, Bøttger, Morten, Ellekvist, Marguerite B., Johansen, Mathias, Ingeborg Madsen, Birgitte, Christian Nilsson, Jens, Schousboe, Birgitte MB, Clausen, Nicola G., Hansen, Tom G., Phaff Steen, Nick, Ilmoja, Mari-Liis, Tonise, Virge, Karjagin, Juri, Kikas, Reet, Isohanni, Mika, Lyly, Anniina, Takala, Annika, Happo, Johanna, Kiviluoma, Kai, Martikainen, Kati, Aantaa, Riku, Manner, Tuula, Vilo, Sanna, Amory, Catherine, Ludot, Hugues, Lambotte, Patricia, Busche, René, Jacqmarcq, Olivier, Lejus, Corinne, Corouge, Julien, Erb, Christian, Garrigue, Delphine, Gillet, Patricia, Laffargue, Anne, Lambelin, Veronique, Le Freche, Hélène, Peresbota, Daliana, Richart, Pierre, Berton, Jerome, Chapotte, Catherine, Colbus, Laurent, Lehousse, Thierry, Monrigal, Jean, Baujard, Catherine, Roulleau, Philippe, Staiti, Giuseppe, Batoz, Hélène, Bordes, Maryline, Didier, Anne, Hamonic, Yann, Lagarde, Sylvaine, Nouette-Gaulain, Karine, Semjen, François, Zaghet, Brigitte, Dekens, Jacky, Delcuze, Axelle, Dupont, Hervé, Legrand, Aurélien, Raffoflandreur, Celine, Audren, Noémie, Camus, Blandine, Cartal, Marielle, Chazelet, Chantal, Davin, Isabelle, Guillier, Marion, Desjeux, Luc, Larcher, Claire, Grein, Elodie, Leclercq, Mickeal, Levitchi, Roxana, Rosu, Lilica, Simon, Dominique, Zang, Aurélien, Migeon, Anne, Gagey, Anne-Charlotte, Bourdaud, Nathalie, Carre, Anne-Charlotte, Duflo, Frédéric, Riche, Jean-Claude, Robert, Philippe, Druot, Emilie, Maupain, Olivier, Orliaguet, Gilles, Sabau, Lucie, Taright, Hanna, Uhrig, Lynn, Verchere-Montmayeur, Juliette, Debrabant, Lise, Pilla, Clotaire, Podvin, Alexandre, Roth, Benjamin, Dahmani, Souhayl, Julien-Marsollier, Florence, Sabourdin, Nada, Alexandri, Bogdan, Brezac, Gilles, de la Brière, Francois, Hayem, Catherine, Lhubat, Elizabeth, Paul Mission, Jean, Rémond, Charlotte, Dadure, Christophe, Maniora, Maud, Marie, Anais, Pirat, Philippe, Saour, Anne-Charlotte, Sola, Chrystelle, Ecoffey, Claude, Wodey, Eric, Adam, Christian, Standl, Thomas, Schindler, Ehrenfried, Yamamoto, Tomohiro, Brackhahn, Michael, Eich, Christoph Bernhard, Guericke, Holger, Kindermann, Petra, Laschat, Michael, Schink, Cornel, Wappler, Frank, Hoehne, Claudia, Skordou, Natalia, Ulrici, Johanna, Jetzek-Zader, Martin, Kienbaum, Peter, Meyer-Treschan, Tanja, Picker, Olaf, Schaefer, Maximilian S., Mielke, Golo, Baethge, Sabine, Ramminger, Axel, Bauer, Martin, Bollinger, Matthias, Hinz, José, Quintel, Michael, Russo, Sebastian G., Bauer, Michael, Geil, Dfominik, Kortgen, Andreas, Preussler, Niels-Peter, Hofmann, Ulrich, Raber, Manfred, Reindl, Doris, Becke, Karin, Oppenrieder, Karin, Schierlinger, Bettina, Roth, Jens, Funk, Wolfgang, Fischer, Thomas, Gernoth, Christian, Wiefelspütz, Christina, Volger, Hauke, Zederer, Nicole, Diers, Anja, Huber, Matthias, Schorer, Clemens, Weyland, Andreas, Schwarzkopf, Konrad, Grau, Catharina, Roth, Winfried, Holy, Rolf, Mader, Thomas, Peter, Laura, Supthut, Hauke, Kuehhirt, Thomas, Milde, Alexander, Fiedler, Fritz, Isselhorst, Carsten, Grundmann, Ulrich, Pattar, Alexander, Reinert, Jennifer, Ehm, Birgit, Fritzsche, Katrin, Gaebler, Ralf, Meybohm, Patrick, Hein, Maximilian, Guzman, Ines, Jokinen, Johanna, Kranke, Peter, Goebel, Ulrich, Harris, Sarah, Eisner, Christoph, Ochsenreiter, Miriam, Schoeler, Michael, Thil, Elke, Ellerkmann, Richard, Hoeft, Andreas, Neumann, Claudia, Weber, Stefan, Keilhauer, Julia, Kloessing, Jan, Schramm, Michael, Trieschmann, Uwe, Knauss, Kristina, Sinner, Barbara, Steinmann, Johannes, Koessler, Herbert, Kalliardou, Evagelia, Malisiova, Anna, Tsiotou, Adelais, Chloropoulou, Pelagia, Chrysi, Mpratzou, Iordanidou, Despoina, Ntavlis, Merkourios, Boda, Krisztina B, Guerin, Christilynn, Irwin, Janice, Magner, Claire, Nakhjavani, Solmaz, O'Hare, Brendan, Galvin, Deborah, Jamil, Yosry, Lesmes, Carlos, Barak, Yuri, Fisher, Haran, Kachko, Ludmyla, Katz, Jacob, Kirilov, Dmitry, Levinzon, Michael, Manevich, Yair, Nekrasov, Konstantin, Peled, Elia, Sanko, Elena, Schmain, Dmitri, Sheinkin, Olga, Simhi, Eliahu, Tarabikin, Alex, Trabkin, Evelina, Yagudaev, Irena, Zeitlin, Yelena, Zunser, Igor, Cerutti, Elisabetta, Maddalena Schellino, Maria, Valzan, Silvia, Lucia Pinciroli, Rosa, Bortone, Luciano, Cerati, Giorgia, Salici, Fabiana, Bussolin, Leonardo, Rizzo, Giuliana, Rossetti, Francesca, Marchesini, Laura, Tesoro, Simonetta, De Lorenzo, Brita, Guarracino, Fabio, Kuppers, Beate, Astuto, Marinella, Pitino, Sofia, Scalisi, Rita, Scordo, Lucia, D'Alessandro, Sandra, Dei Giudici, Luigi, Farinelli, Ivano, Lofino, Giuseppe, Marchetti, Giuliano, Giuseppe Picardo, Sergio, Reali, Simone, Vittori, Alessandro, Antonio Idone, Francesco, Sammartino, Maria, Sbaraglia, Fabio, Barbera, Cinzia, Bevilacqua, Michela, Cento, Valeria, Disma, Nicola, Kotzeva, Svetlana, Mameli, Leila, Montobbio, Giovanni, Passariello, Leandro, Punzo, Cinzia, Sileo, Rosanna, Viacava, Rosanna, Volpe, Claudia, Zanaboni, Clelia, Calderini, Edoardo, Genco, Daniele, Neri, Simona, Ottolina, Davide, Camporesi, Anna, Izzo, Francesca, Salvo, Ida, Wolfler, Andrea, Sanna, Andrea, Sciascia, Angela, Stoia, Paolo, Guddo, Annamaria, Lapi, Maria, Ivani, Giorgio, Longobardo, Annalisa, Mossetti, Valeria, Pedrotti, Dino, Grazzini, Maurizia, Meneghini, Luisa, Metrangolo, Salvatore, Michelon, Stefania, Minardi, Carmelo, Tognon, Costanza, Zadra, Nicola, Busi, Ilaria, Khotcholava, Magda, Guido Locatelli, Bruno, Sonzogni, Valter, Starita, Giusi, Almenrader, Nicole, Aurilio, Caterina, Sansone, Pasquale, Albarello, Raffaella, Bracci, Paolo, Cecini, Mariateresa, Cristina Mondardini, Maria, Pasini, Lorena, Vason, Milo, Zani, Gianluca, Zoppellari, Roberto, Pistidda, Laura, Cortegiani, Andrea, Maurizio Raineri, Santi, Hasani, Antigona, Hashimi, Medita, Ancupans, Agris, Barzdina, Arta, Straume, Zane, Zundane, Anda, Chlopin, Mikhail, Gestautaite, Dalia, Lukosiene, Laura, Paliokaite, Evelina, Razlevice, Ilona, Armoniene, Inesa, Bernotiene, Aurelija, Daugelavicius, Vidunas, Dockiene, Ilona, Gaidelyte, Lina, Saviciene, Nijole, Krikstaponiene, Jolita, Sidlovskaite-Baltake, Dominika, Stasevski, Vladyslav, Vaitoskaite, Agne, Gatt, David, Mifsud, Stephanie, Zammit, Simone, Allison, Celia, Aslami, Hamid, Eberl, Susanne, van Stijn, Mireille F M, Stevens, Markus F, Punt, Kees, van Osch, Rob, Bauwman, Arthur, Scholten, Harm, Svircevic, Vesna, Adriaens, Veronique, Dirckx, Maaike, Dogger, Jaap, Dons-Sinke, Ilse, Machotta, Andreas, Moors, Xavier, Rad, Mandana, Staals, Lonneke, van der Knijff - van Dortmont, Anouk, van der Marel, Caroline, Sieben, Anne, van der Zwan, Tim, Veldhuizen, Marianne, Alders, David, Buhre, Wolfgang, Vermeulen, Petronella M, Engel, Nicole, Vossen, Carine, Mahadewsing, Ravin, Meijer, Patrick, Gerling, Volker, van der Schatte Olivier, Roelof, van Doorn, Thea, Vons Mark Hendriks, Kristy, Lako, Sandra, jan Scheffer, Gert, Tielens, Luc, Voet, Marieke, Absalom, Anthony, Bergsma, Margot, Spanjer, Vera, Spanjersberg, Rob, van de Riet, Yvette, Volkers, Martin, de Graaff, Jurgen C., Hopman, Geranne A.J., Kappen, Teus H., Hannie, J., Megens, A.M., Numan, Sandra C., Schouten, Anton N.J., Turner, Nigel M., Van Der Werff, Désirée B.M., Wensing, Renee T.M., Ephraim, Erik, Nolte, Claire, Reikvam, Tore, Fredrik Lund, Ole, Skaaden, Lene, Marthe Ballovarre, Kari, Bakken Boerke, Wenche, Grindheim, Guro, Lindenskov, Pal H H, Beate Solas, Anne, Sponheim, Sjur, Ullensvang, Kyrre, Viken, Oddbjorn, Marie Drage, Inger, Gymoese Berthelsen, Kasper, Anders Kroken, Bjørn, Bergland, Unni, Pryzmont, Miroslaw, Talalaj, Mariola, Wasiluk, Malgorzata, Zalewska, Dorota, Damps, Maria, Siemek-Mitela, Jadzia, Wieczorek, Pawel, Juzwa, Magdalena, Rosada-Kurasinska, Jowita, Bartkowska-Sniatkowska, Alicja, Cettler, Maciej, Kopycinska, Renata, Rudewicz, Iwona, Sobczyk, Jaek, Wojciechowski, Dariusz, Baranowski, Artur, Basiewicz, Ewa, Mierzewska-Schmidt, Magdalena, Retka, Wlodzimierz, Sawicki, Piotr, Checinska, Magdalena, Zielinska, Marzena, Zurawska, Magdalena, Leal, Teresa, Mascarenhas, Catia, Pedro Pina, António, Joao Susano, Maria, Moniz, Antonio, Teresa Rocha, Maria, Calvao Santos, Carolina, Domingas Patuleia, M, Pereira, Ricardo, Roxo, Helena, Amaral, Rosa, Guedes, Isabel, Gomes, Cristina, Gonçalves, Marta, Salgado, Helena, Santos, Maria, Rodrigues, Sara, Sa, Angela, Machado, Elvira, Pé d'Arca, Sandra, Seabra, Manuel, Mihaela Gheorghe, Ligia, Ivascu, Constantin, Moraru-Draghici, Lucia, Suvejan, Mirela, Babici, Remus, Eniko, Kovacs, Hogea, Cristiana, Mihaela, Dubau, Nicoleta, Daraban, Barbunc, Danut, Maria Nistor, Alina, Stefan, Violeta, Catalina Ionescu, Gabriela, Davidescu, Irina, Teodora Nastase, Alina, Dumitru Rusu, Florin, Badarau, Victoria, Cindea, Iulia, Moscaliuc, Melania, Olteanu, Dana, Petrescu, Luxita, Ceuca, Daniela, Galinescu, Irena, Badeti, Rodica, Capusan, Alin, Cucui-Cozma, Cosmina, Popescu, Barbura, Cimpeanu, Luminita, Birliba, Mihaela-Petronela, Miulescu, Magdalena, Balamat, Stefania, Gurita, Adriana, Ilie, Luminita, Mocioiu, Gabriel, Pick, Darina, Sirghie, Rodica, Tabacaru, Radu, Trante, Irinel, Horhota, Lucian, Bandrabur, Daniela, Ciobanu, Tudor, Cuciuc, Veaceslav, Munteanu, Valentin, Olaru, Valentin, Paiu, Corneliu, Savu, Anca, Trifan, Oana, Elena Malos, Anca, Glazunov, Anton, Ivanov, Alexander, Poduskov, Evgeny, Popov, Alexander, Guskov, Igor, Lugovoy, Alexander, Nechaev, Vladislav, Ovezov, Alexey, Basov, Mikhail, Kochkin, Vladimir, Lazarev, Vladimir, Chizhov, Dmitri, Ostreikov, Ivan, Tolasov, Konstantin, Budic, Ivana, Marjanovic, Vesna, Draskovic, Biljana, Pandurov, Marina, Simin, Jovana, Dolinaj, Vladimir, Janjevic, Dusanka, Mandras, Ana, Mircetic, Maja, Petrovic, Sladjana, Rebac, Vlatka, Slavkovic, Bojana, Stevanovic, Vesna, Velcev, Ana, Knezevic, Mirjana, Milojevic, Irina, Puric, Selena, Simic, Irena, Stevic, Marija, Stranjanac, Vladimir, Simic, Dusica, Cabanova, Barbora, Hanula, Miloslav, Grynyuk, Andry, Berger, Jelena, Cerne, Uros, Nastran, Andraz, Pirc, Dejan, Popic, Rok, Stupnik, Spela, Rubio, Paloma, del Río, Cristina, Benito, Pilar, Pino, Gema, Gutierrez, Ignacio, Gutierrez Valcarcel, Andrea, León Carsi, Irene, Perez Garcia, Anibal, López Galera, Sílvia, Marco Valls, Joan, Ricol Lainez, Laura, Vallejo Tarrat, Andrea, Artes, David, Banus, Ester, Chirichiello, Luca, De Abreu, Leidy, De Josemaria, Belen, Helena Gaitan, M, Garces, Antonio, Lazaro, Juan J, Manen Berga, Ferran, Molies, Dolors, Monclus, Enric, Navaro, Montserrat, Pamies, Carmen, Perelló, Marina, Prat, Mar, Ribo, Laura, Angeles Sanz, M, Serrano, Silvia, Sola Ruiz, Eva, Anuncia Escontrela Rodríguez, Blanca, Maria Gago Martinez, Andrea, Martínez Ruiz, Alberto, De La Cruz Benito, Fausto, Gabilondo Garcia, Gustavo, Martinez Maldonado, Ever, Noriega, Bryant, Oller Duque, Lara, Olmos Mendez, Alberto, Perez- Ferrer, Antonio, Reinoso Barbero, Francisco, Acevedo Bambaren, Ismael, Domínguez, Fernando, Franco, Teresa, Jiménez, Anabel, Melero, Alicia, Feliu, Montserrat, García, Irene, Montferrer, Núria, Munar, Francisca, Muro, Cristina, Nuño, Rosario, Perera, Remel, Schmucker, Erika, Börjesson, Glenda, Gillberg, Lars, Castellheim, Albert, Sandström, Kerstin, Bauer, Annette, Roos, Torbjörn, Hedlund, Lars, Boegli, Yann, Dolci, Mirko, Marcucci, Carine, Spahr-Schopfer, Isabelle, Habre, Walid, Pellegrini, Michel, Book, Malte, Errass, Loreen, Riggenbach, Christine, Casutt, Mattias, Hölzle, Martin, Hurni, Thomas, Jöhr, Martin, Mauch, Jacqueline, Anselmi, Luciano, Anselmi, Irene, Jacomet, Alfred, Oberhauser, Markus, Wossner, Stephanie, Zettl, Angelika, Erb, Thomas, Mackiewicz, Tomasz, Simitzes, Helena, Ozer, Yetkin, Takil, Arzu, Alanoglu, Zekeriyya, Bermede, Onat, Cakar Turhan, K.Sanem, Alkis, Neslihan, Yildirim Guclu, Cigdem, Ceyda Meco, Basak, Hatipoglu, Zehra, Ozcengiz, Dilek, Begec, Zekine, Ilksen Toprak, Huseyin, Kendigelen, Pinar, Cigdem Tütüncü, Ayse, Karadeniz, Meltem Savran, Seyhan Ozkan, Tulay, Sivrikoz, Nuket, Kemal Arslantas, Mustafa, Hizal, Ayse, Tore Altun, Gülbin, Umuroglu, Tumay, Baris, Sibel, Kazak Bengisun, Zuleyha, Goncharenko, Galyna, Khrapak, Maksym, Klymenko, Tetyana, Pavlenko, Vitaliy, Prysiazhniuk, Dmytro, Rudio, Olga, Varyvoda, Mykhailo, Vodianytskyi, Sergii, Boryshkevych, Ivanna, Kyselova, Iryna, Trikash, Nikolay, Albokrinov, Andrew, Perova-Sharonova, Valentina, Sklyar, Vitaliy, Surkov, Denis, Abdelaal, Amr, Barber, Nicola, Checuti, Sarah, Godsiff, Leisha, Johanne, Lynch, Simpson, Joanna, Underhill, Helen, Diwan, Rishi, Kelgeri, Nivedita, Masip, Nuria, Ravi, Radha, Roberts, Steve, Cillis, Annagrazia, Marcus, Ritchie, Merella, Federica, Love, David, Baraggia, Paolo, Bird, Victoria, Hussey, Joseph, Alderson, Peter, Bartholomew, Karen, Moncreiff, Michael, Davidson, Sarah, Hare, Alison, Kotecha, Ami, Lee, Corina, Liyanage, Ganga, Patel, Shivali, Samani, Amee, Abou-Samra, Mark, Boyd, Matthew, Hullatt, Laurence, Levy, David, Pauling, Mark, Sharman, Sarah-Jane, Smith, Natalie, Rutherford, John, Cavalier, Alison, Locke, Christie, Sage, Frederic, Bapat, Smita, Hammerschlag, Jacinda, Ioannou, Ioannis, King, Stephanie, Pegg, Rachel, Salota, Vishal, Sketcher, Jonathan, Thadsad, Muthu, Zeitlin, Deborah, Jack, Ewan, Lang, Colin, Ahmed, Samira, Ayyash, Reema, Bari, Francoise, Bell, Sarah J, Elizabeth Biercamp, Claire, Briggs, Sandra, Gabriella Elena Clement, Maria, Dalton, Mark, Ali Eissa Eid, Mohamed, Gandhi, Monica, Harmen Herrema, Idse, Khaffaf, Ranj, Jeng Min Law, Savio, McClintock, Joanna, Ireland, Nicholas, Majid Saleem, Mohammed, Smith, Fiona, Cohen, Marc, Lee, Clover-Ann, O'Donahue, Lizanne, Powell, Alex, Rawlinson, Ellen, Snoek, Aarjan, Weiss, Katja, Wellesley, Hugo, Crawford, Michael, Abdel-Hafiz, Mostafa, Day, Alexandra, Rajamani, Balaji, Saha, Rita, Wright, Dave, Chee, Lew-Chin, Bew, Stephanie, Homer, Rachel, Malarkkan, Nalini, Wolfe Barry, Juliet, Angadi, Pradeep, Cagney, Brid, De Melo, Eric, Dekker, Elsa, Helm, Emma, Jones, Gareth, Peiris, Kawshala, Russell, William, Slater, Patricia, Sodhi, Puja, Browning, Mike, Phillips, Trudie, Van Hecke, Rachel, Muir, Vimty, Singh, Piyush, Soskova, Tereza, Cumming, Craig, Farquharson, Pamela, Pearson, Karen, Shaw, Neil, Whiteside, Jonathan, Whyte, Emma, Byers, Gordon, Davies, Kay, Engelhardt, Thomas, Faliszewski, Isabella, Johnston, Graham, Kaufmann, Nils, Kusnirikova, Zuzana, Wilson, Graham, Carachi, Peter, Makin, Andrew, Foster, Brian, Lipczynski, Dariusz, Mawer, Rebecca, Rutherford, William, Rogerson, David, Rushman, Sarah, Taylor, Christopher, Tomlinson, William, Dix, Philippa, Woodward, Tom, Bell, Graham, Boyle, David, Cloherty, Marianne, Cullen, Julia, Cullen, Pauline, Fairgrieve, Ross, Ghent, Robert, Glasgow, Russell, Gordeeva, Elena, Harden, Alison, Hivey, Sarah, Jerome, Kevin, McKee, Lesley, Morton, Neil, Pribul, Vicky, Sinclair, John, Steiner, Maria, Steward, Heather, Sweeney, Lorraine, Thomson, Wendy, Whiteside, Jeanette, Dalton, Andrew, Ross, Mark, Smith, Carolyn, Allen, Claire, Anders, Nicola, Barlow, Victoria, Bassett, Mike, Darwin, Leanne, Davison, Rachel, Diacono, Jacques, Hobbs, Amy, Hutchinson, Adel, Lomas, Bernadette, Lonsdale, Hannah, Nasser, Leila, Oshan, Vimmi, Patel, Pradip, Raistrick, Christopher, Scott-Warren, Victoria, Talbot, Laura, Wai, Carolynn, Childs, Sophie, Dickinson, Matthew, Bloomfield, Tom, Garrioch, Sweyn, Watson, Karen, Gaynor, James, Harrison, Richard, Lee, Juliette, Blythe, Elizabeth, Dorman, Teresa, Eissa, Ayman, Ellwood, James, Gooch, Ingrid, Hearn, Robert, Hodgetts, Vanessa, John, Robert, Kirton, Christine, Ladak, Nadia, Morgan, Judith, Plant, Nina, Shepherd, Elizabeth, Short, Judith, Stack, Charles, Steel, Simon, Taylor, Matthew, Thomas, Deborah, Wilson, Catharine, Wilson-Smith, Elaine, Bradbury, Carol L., Hussain, Nageena, Mayell, Antonia, Mesbah, Ahmed, Qureshi, Arif, Vaidyanath, Chandra, Geary, Tim, Hawksworth, Chris, Parasuraman, Tamaraichelvi, Perry, Nicole, Banerjee, Indrani, Barr, Katharine, Butler, Patrick, Davies, Jack, Flewin, Lisa, Gande, Richard, Montague, James, Plumb, James, Pratt, Thomas, Sutherland, Paul, Vail, Hannah, Wilkins, Andrew, Hunter, Catherine, Russell, Susan, Thomas, Alun, Mifsud, Mark, Strachan, Dominic, Leva, Brigitte, Plichon, Benoit, Harlet, Pierre, Virag, Katalin, Hansen, Tom G, Morton, Neil S, and Boda, Krisztina

Published
2017
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7. Substance-use problems: are uninsured workers at greater risk?

Author

Waehrer, Geetha M., Zaloshnja, Eduard, Miller, Ted, and Galvin, Deborah

Subjects
Workers -- Compensation and benefits -- Health aspects -- Social aspects, Medically uninsured persons -- Social aspects -- Health aspects -- Compensation and benefits, Substance abuse -- Risk factors -- Health aspects -- Social aspects, Health, Psychology and mental health, Social aspects, Risk factors, Health aspects, Compensation and benefits
Abstract

Objective: This study examined how problem drinking and drug use and their related treatment received by workers varied by health insurance coverage and employment characteristics. Method: We used National Survey on Drug Use and Health data on civilian workers ages 18 years and older from the 2002 and 2003 public-use files. Multivariate logistic regressions estimated the relationship between workers' uninsured status and problem use, dependence, and treatment while controlling for worker demographics, education, income, and job characteristics. Results: Controlling for differences in worker and workplace characteristics, uninsured workers were significantly more likely than privately insured workers to be illicit drug users or heavy drinkers. Among dependent workers, the lack of insurance was associated with a reduction in treatment received for problem drinkers (odds ratio = 0.31, p =. 13). By contrast, a large, positive--albeit statistically nonsignificant--association between being uninsured and receiving treatment prevailed among uninsured workers using illicit drugs. Workplace substance-use policies were associated with a significant reduction in the odds of treatment received or treatment needed among problem drinkers without insurance coverage. Employee assistance programs were not good predictors of treatment received among uninsured workers. Conclusions: Uninsured workers were more likely to be heavy drinkers or illicit drug users than were workers with health insurance. Health insurance coverage was not significantly associated with treatment received among workers reporting problem use. Uninsured workers may be unable to benefit fully from employee assistance programs' treatment and referral services, whose utility depends on adequate behavioral health coverage for workers., ALCOHOL-AND DRUG-RELATED DISORDERS annually cost an estimated $177 billion in lost productivity and health costs in the United States (Miller and Hendrie, 2005). An estimated 9% of full-time workers ages [...]

Published
2008

12. Young adults in the workplace: A multisite initiative of substance use prevention programs

Author

Galvin, Deborah M., Bray, Jeremy W., and Cluff, Laurie A.

Abstract

The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration funded the multisite Young Adults in the Workplace (YIW) initiative to study the effectiveness of diverse approaches to workplace-based prevention of substance abuse. Six teams adapted evidence-based programs to target young employees and then implemented the programs in retail, restaurant, health care, construction, skilled trade, and transportation industry workplaces. This book describes the programs, the adaptation and implementation processes, and the YIW cross-site evaluation.

Published
2010
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13. Industry and Occupation Variations in Nonmedical Prescription Pain Reliever Use.

Author

Cluff, Laurie, Tueller, Stephen, Batts, Kathy, Miller, Ted, and Galvin, Deborah

Subjects
DRUG prescribing, ANALGESICS, DRUG control, DRUG abuse, DRUG utilization, DRUG use testing
Abstract

Nonmedical use of prescription pain relievers can be a serious problem for employers. Despite growing attention to prescription drug abuse, little is known about which industries or occupations are at the highest risk for misuse. This study used data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health to compare each industry to every other industry to identify significant differences in rates of past-year prescription drug misuse. Findings suggest that for industries with the highest prevalence rates, prescription misuse cannot be explained by basic demographics and likely involves elements inherent to the work context and requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2014
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14. Does an Interactive Health Promotion Website Facilitate Workplace Peer-to-Peer Substance Abuse Prevention?

Author

Galvin, Deborah M., Spicer, Rebecca S., Becker, Les R., Miller, Ted R., Taylor, Dexter M., and Sabol, Julie A.

Abstract

Operation RedBlock, a substance abuse prevention and early intervention program at Amtrak, implemented an interactive health promotion website (On The Right Track, OTRT) for its volunteers, other employees and their families. OTRT was customized from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) -sponsored GetFit@SAMHSA.GOV website and implemented with the purpose of facilitating the peer-to-peer substance abuse prevention efforts of Operation RedBlock volunteers. SAMHSA's GetFit website combines broad health and wellness messages with current substance abuse prevention resources. The OTRT customization adds Amtrak relevant and specific content concerning substance abuse prevention resources and treatment options, drug and alcohol use policies, health care coverage, support group meeting locations and dates, and local Operation RedBlock and Employee Assistance Program contact information. Using a retrospective pretest-posttest design this study evaluates whether and how OTRT facilitated peer-to-peer efforts in substance abuse prevention and early intervention. The evaluation revealed that the website significantly improved access to information and resources that helped Operation RedBlock volunteers' in their peer-to-peer efforts. Volunteers valued the ready availability of reliable information, the confidential nature, and the ease of use of OTRT. Facilitated access to information and resources may help reduce substance abuse among employees at high risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012

15. Substance Abuse and the Uninsured Worker in the United States.

Author

Galvin, Deborah M., Miller, Ted R., Spicer, Rebecca S., and Waehrer, Geetha M.

Subjects
*SUBSTANCE abuse, *HEALTH insurance, *HEALTH, *EMPLOYEES, *EMPLOYEE assistance programs, *PERSONNEL management, *THERAPEUTICS
Abstract

Although millions of US workers lack health insurance, the relationship of insurance coverage with substance abuse and access to workplace treatment services remains unexplored. Our analysis shows uninsured workers have higher rates of heavy drinking and illicit drug use than insured workers. Young and part-time workers are, moreover, less likely to have insurance coverage than workers with lower substance abuse risks. Compared to the insured, uninsured workers have less access to employee assistance programs (EAPs) and less drug and alcohol testing by employers. The effectiveness of workplace substance abuse programs and policies designed for insured populations is untested among uninsured workers. Issues include EAP effectiveness with referrals to public treatment and the return on investment for adding coverage of substance abuse treatment. Workers in countries with universal health insurance but inadequate treatment capacity may face similar problems to uninsured workers in the US.Journal of Public Health Policy (2007) 28, 102–117. doi:10.1057/palgrave.jphp.3200105 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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16. The Female Terrorist: A Socio-Psychological Perspective.

Author

Galvin, Deborah M.

Subjects
*WOMEN terrorists, *SOCIOLOGY, *HUMAN sexuality, *PSYCHOLOGY, *BEHAVIORAL assessment, *CONTROL (Psychology), *TERRORISM
Abstract

This article deals with the female terrorist, her socio-psychological characteristics, and her role within the terrorist organization. There is no archetypal female terrorist; her description is varied from her physique to her role within the organization to her psychological make-up. Women take up terrorism either by their own initiative or through a secondary other, most often introduced into it by a male. Although women terrorists have the equality to fight or die by the side of their male counterparts, their power position frequently is less than that of the male. The female's sexuality plays an important role in the group dynamics and does alter the nature of terrorism itself. The article explore the implications of these findings for the future of terrorism and the participation of women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1983
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17. Young adults in the workplace. A multisite initiative of substance use prevention programs.

Author

Bray, Jeremy W., Bray, Jeremy W., Cluff, Laurie A., and Galvin, Deborah M.

Subjects
BUS030000, KJMV2
Abstract

Summary: The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration funded the multisite Young Adults in the Workplace (YIW) initiative to study the effectiveness of diverse approaches to workplace-based prevention of substance abuse. Six teams adapted evidence-based programs to target young employees and then implemented the programs in retail, restaurant, health care, construction, skilled trade, and transportation industry workplaces. This book describes the programs, the adaptation and implementation processes, and the YIW cross-site evaluation.

18. "Can You Hear Them?".

Author

Galvin, Deborah

Abstract

A personal narrative is presented which explores the author's experience of hearing the flowers during their stay at a bed-and -breakfast in Ireland.

Published
2014

19. School and Work Status, Drug-Free Workplace Protections, and Prescription Drug Misuse Among Americans Ages 15-25.

Author

MILLER, TED, NOVAK, SCOTT P., GALVIN, DEBORAH M., SPICER, REBECCA S., CLUFF, LAURIE, and KASAT, SANDEEP

Subjects
*MEDICATION abuse, *YOUTH & drugs, *DRUGS & employment, *HEALTH promotion, *HEALTH behavior
Abstract

Objective: We assessed the prevalence and characteristics of prescription drug misuse among youth ages 15-25 to examine differences by student and employment status, and associations with workplace antidrug policies and programs. Method: Multivariate logistic regressions analyzed associations in weighted data on the 20,457 young adults in the combined 2004-2008 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health. Demographic controls included sex, race, community size, and age group. Results: After we accounted for demographic controls, at ages 15-25, students were less likely than nonstudents to misuse prescription drugs. Segmenting student from nonstudent groups, working consistently was associated with a further reduction in misuse for those ages 18-25. When we controlled for demographics and substance use history, both Employee Assistance Program (EAP) services and awareness that one's employer had a drug-free workplace policy were associated with significantly lower misuse of prescription drugs (OR = 0.85 for each program, 95% Cl [0.73, 1.00] and [0.72, 1.00]). Associations of workplace antidrug policies and programs with marijuana use and with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, criteria for alcohol abuse and dependence contrasted sharply with these patterns. All four aspects were significantly associated with lower marijuana use. None was associated with problem drinking. Conclusions: Protective effects of drug-free workplace policy and EAPs persist after other substance use was controlled for. Comparing the effects of workplace programs on illicit drug use and problem drinking versus prescription misuse suggests that those protective associations do not result from selection bias. Thus, drug-free workplace policies and EAPs appear to help protect younger workers against prescription misuse. If workplace substance use disorder programs focused prevention messages and interventions on prescription drug misuse, their impact on misuse might increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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20. Concurrent use of methamphetamine, MDMA, LSD, ketamine, GHB, and flunitrazepam among American youths

Author

Wu, Li-Tzy, Schlenger, William E., and Galvin, Deborah M.

Subjects
*DRUG abuse, *ECSTASY (Drug), *GAMMA-hydroxybutyrate, *ALCOHOL drinking
Abstract

Abstract: Background: The magnitude and the characteristics of the use of methamphetamine, MDMA (Ecstasy), LSD (d-lysergic acid diethylamide), ketamine, GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyrate), and flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) were examined in a probability sample of the U.S. civilian population that included multiethnic urban, suburban, and rural youths aged 16–23 (N =19,084). Methods: Data were drawn from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the characteristics associated with the use of each of these drugs and of multiple drugs. Results: Approximately 20% of youths aged 16–23 reported having ever used one or more of these drugs. Less than 1% of club drug users used club drugs only, and 82% of them had ever used three or more drug classes. Females were more likely than males to report using multiple club drugs. Recent users of methamphetamine were most likely to be females and adolescents aged 16 or 17. Recent users of MDMA tended to be young adults aged 18–21 and residents of metropolitan areas. Most recent users of LSD were adolescents aged 16–19 and those in low-income families. Ketamine users were primarily employed youths. Staying in school and getting married were associated with decreased odds of club drug use. Club drug use was highly associated with the presence of criminal behaviors and recent alcohol abuse or dependence. Conclusions: Adolescents are more likely than young adults to use multiple drugs. The clustering of multidrug use and alcohol use disorder is a cause of concern. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2006
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22. Misuse of methamphetamine and prescription stimulants among youths and young adults in the community.

Author

Wu L, Pilowsky DJ, Schlenger WE, Galvin DM, Wu, Li-Tzy, Pilowsky, Daniel J, Schlenger, William E, and Galvin, Deborah M

Abstract

Background: Gender differences in the prevalence and characteristics of misuse of methamphetamine (meth) and prescription stimulants were examined in a representative US sample of youths and young adults aged 16-25 (N=24,409).Methods: Stimulant misusers were categorized into three mutually exclusive subgroups: meth users only, meth and prescription stimulant users, and prescription stimulant users only (e.g., Benzedrine, Ritalin, or Dexedrine). Multinominal logistic regression analyses identified the characteristics associated with misuse of meth and prescription stimulants.Results: About 1 in 10 youths reported any misuse of stimulants in their lifetime. Prescription stimulant misuse occurred earlier and was more frequent than meth misuse. About 47% of meth misusers also reported prescription stimulant misuse. Among misusers of meth and prescription stimulants, males were more likely than females to misuse methylphenidate (82% versus 65%) but were less likely to misuse diet pills or amphetamines (37% versus 49%). Multinominal logistic regression analyses indicated that all subgroups of lifetime stimulant misuse were associated with past year substance abuse. The characteristics of meth misusers differed slightly from prescription stimulants misusers.Conclusions: Multidrug use is common among stimulant misusers. Parents should be informed about the risk of prescription stimulant misuse by their youths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007

23. Incidence of severe critical events in paediatric anaesthesia (APRICOT): a prospective multicentre observational study in 261 hospitals in Europe

Author

Walid Habre, Nicola Disma, Katalin Virag, Karin Becke, Tom G Hansen, Martin Jöhr, Brigitte Leva, Neil S Morton, Petronella M Vermeulen, Marzena Zielinska, Krisztina Boda, Francis Veyckemans, Walter Klimscha, Regina Konecny, Robert Luntzer, Ulrike Morawk-Wintersperger, Franz Neiger, Lydia Rustemeyer, Christian Breschan, Denise Frey, Manuela Platzer, Reinhard Germann, Joachim Oeding, Birgit Stoegermüller, Bernhard Ziegler, Philipp Brotatsch, Anton Gutmann, Gerlinde Mausser, Brigitte Messerer, Wolfgang Toller, Maria Vittinghoff, Gregor Zangl, Natascha Seidel-Ahyai, Christoph Hochhold, Ruth Kroess, Peter Paal, Steven Cnudde, Patricia Coucke, Birgit Loveniers, John Mitchell, David Kahn, Thierry Pirotte, Caroline Pregardien, Marc Coppens, Stefan De Hert, Björn Heyse, Martine Neckebroek, Aliaksandra Parashchanka, Jurgen Van Limmen, Nancy Van Den Eynde, Caroline Vanpeteghem, Piet Wyffels, Michaël Lalot, Jean-Paul Lechat, France Stevens, Sari Casaer, Françoise De Groote, Françoise De Pooter, Andrée De Villé, Marc Gerin, Natalia Magasich, Cristel Sanchez Torres, Denise Van Deenen, Johan Berghmans, Dirk Himpe, Eva Roofthooft, Ellen Joukes, Carine Smitz, Veronique Van Reeth, Christel Huygens, Julie Lauweryns, Karen De Smet, Nadia Najafi, Jan Poelaert, Anne Van de Velde, Veerle Van Mossevelde, Ivan Bekavac, Diana Butkovic, Dubravka Heli Litvic, Ivana Kerovec Soric, Hrvoje Maretic, Djurdjica Moscatello, Ljiljana Popovic, Slobodan Micici, Ivana Stuck Tus, Lada Kalagac Fabris, Tatjana Simurina, Nina Sulen, Gordana Kesic-Valpotic, Dajana Djapic, Jirí Žurek, Lucie Jureckova, Iveta Mackova, Monika Skacel, Stanislava Weinlichova, Jan Divák, Michal Frelich, René Urbanec, Vera Biskupova, Vladimir Mixa, Jana Pavlickova, Arash Afshari, Morten Bøttger, Marguerite B. Ellekvist, Mathias Johansen, Birgitte Ingeborg Madsen, Jens Christian Nilsson, Birgitte MB Schousboe, Nicola G. Clausen, Tom G. Hansen, Nick Phaff Steen, Mari-Liis Ilmoja, Virge Tonise, Juri Karjagin, Reet Kikas, Mika Isohanni, Anniina Lyly, Annika Takala, Johanna Happo, Kai Kiviluoma, Kati Martikainen, Riku Aantaa, Tuula Manner, Sanna Vilo, Catherine Amory, Hugues Ludot, Patricia Lambotte, René Busche, Olivier Jacqmarcq, Corinne Lejus, Julien Corouge, Christian Erb, Delphine Garrigue, Patricia Gillet, Anne Laffargue, Veronique Lambelin, Hélène Le Freche, Daliana Peresbota, Pierre Richart, Jerome Berton, Catherine Chapotte, Laurent Colbus, Thierry Lehousse, Jean Monrigal, Catherine Baujard, Philippe Roulleau, Giuseppe Staiti, Hélène Batoz, Maryline Bordes, Anne Didier, Yann Hamonic, Sylvaine Lagarde, Karine Nouette-Gaulain, François Semjen, Brigitte Zaghet, Jacky Dekens, Axelle Delcuze, Hervé Dupont, Aurélien Legrand, Celine Raffoflandreur, Noémie Audren, Blandine Camus, Marielle Cartal, Chantal Chazelet, Isabelle Davin, Marion Guillier, Luc Desjeux, Claire Larcher, Elodie Grein, Mickeal Leclercq, Roxana Levitchi, Lilica Rosu, Dominique Simon, Aurélien Zang, Anne Migeon, Anne-Charlotte Gagey, Nathalie Bourdaud, Anne-Charlotte Carre, Frédéric Duflo, Jean-Claude Riche, Philippe Robert, Emilie Druot, Olivier Maupain, Gilles Orliaguet, Lucie Sabau, Hanna Taright, Lynn Uhrig, Juliette Verchere-Montmayeur, Lise Debrabant, Clotaire Pilla, Alexandre Podvin, Benjamin Roth, Souhayl Dahmani, Florence Julien-Marsollier, Nada Sabourdin, Bogdan Alexandri, Gilles Brezac, Francois de la Brière, Catherine Hayem, Elizabeth Lhubat, Jean Paul Mission, Charlotte Rémond, Christophe Dadure, Maud Maniora, Anais Marie, Philippe Pirat, Anne-Charlotte Saour, Chrystelle Sola, Claude Ecoffey, Eric Wodey, Christian Adam, Thomas Standl, Ehrenfried Schindler, Tomohiro Yamamoto, Michael Brackhahn, Christoph Bernhard Eich, Holger Guericke, Petra Kindermann, Michael Laschat, Cornel Schink, Frank Wappler, Claudia Hoehne, Natalia Skordou, Johanna Ulrici, Martin Jetzek-Zader, Peter Kienbaum, Tanja Meyer-Treschan, Olaf Picker, Maximilian S. Schaefer, Golo Mielke, Sabine Baethge, Axel Ramminger, Martin Bauer, Matthias Bollinger, José Hinz, Michael Quintel, Sebastian G. Russo, Michael Bauer, Dfominik Geil, Andreas Kortgen, Niels-Peter Preussler, Ulrich Hofmann, Manfred Raber, Doris Reindl, Karin Oppenrieder, Bettina Schierlinger, Jens Roth, Wolfgang Funk, Thomas Fischer, Christian Gernoth, Christina Wiefelspütz, Hauke Volger, Nicole Zederer, Anja Diers, Matthias Huber, Clemens Schorer, Andreas Weyland, Konrad Schwarzkopf, Catharina Grau, Winfried Roth, Rolf Holy, Thomas Mader, Laura Peter, Hauke Supthut, Thomas Kuehhirt, Alexander Milde, Fritz Fiedler, Carsten Isselhorst, Ulrich Grundmann, Alexander Pattar, Jennifer Reinert, Birgit Ehm, Katrin Fritzsche, Ralf Gaebler, Patrick Meybohm, Maximilian Hein, Ines Guzman, Johanna Jokinen, Peter Kranke, Ulrich Goebel, Sarah Harris, Christoph Eisner, Miriam Ochsenreiter, Michael Schoeler, Elke Thil, Richard Ellerkmann, Andreas Hoeft, Claudia Neumann, Stefan Weber, Julia Keilhauer, Jan Kloessing, Michael Schramm, Uwe Trieschmann, Kristina Knauss, Barbara Sinner, Johannes Steinmann, Herbert Koessler, Evagelia Kalliardou, Anna Malisiova, Adelais Tsiotou, Pelagia Chloropoulou, Mpratzou Chrysi, Despoina Iordanidou, Merkourios Ntavlis, Krisztina B Boda, Christilynn Guerin, Janice Irwin, Claire Magner, Solmaz Nakhjavani, Brendan O'Hare, Deborah Galvin, Yosry Jamil, Carlos Lesmes, Yuri Barak, Haran Fisher, Ludmyla Kachko, Jacob Katz, Dmitry Kirilov, Michael Levinzon, Yair Manevich, Konstantin Nekrasov, Elia Peled, Elena Sanko, Dmitri Schmain, Olga Sheinkin, Eliahu Simhi, Alex Tarabikin, Evelina Trabkin, Irena Yagudaev, Yelena Zeitlin, Igor Zunser, Elisabetta Cerutti, Maria Maddalena Schellino, Silvia Valzan, Rosa Lucia Pinciroli, Luciano Bortone, Giorgia Cerati, Fabiana Salici, Leonardo Bussolin, Giuliana Rizzo, Francesca Rossetti, Laura Marchesini, Simonetta Tesoro, Brita De Lorenzo, Fabio Guarracino, Beate Kuppers, Marinella Astuto, Sofia Pitino, Rita Scalisi, Lucia Scordo, Sandra D'Alessandro, Luigi Dei Giudici, Ivano Farinelli, Giuseppe Lofino, Giuliano Marchetti, Sergio Giuseppe Picardo, Simone Reali, Alessandro Vittori, Francesco Antonio Idone, Maria Sammartino, Fabio Sbaraglia, Cinzia Barbera, Michela Bevilacqua, Valeria Cento, Svetlana Kotzeva, Leila Mameli, Giovanni Montobbio, Leandro Passariello, Cinzia Punzo, Rosanna Sileo, Rosanna Viacava, Claudia Volpe, Clelia Zanaboni, Edoardo Calderini, Daniele Genco, Simona Neri, Davide Ottolina, Anna Camporesi, Francesca Izzo, Ida Salvo, Andrea Wolfler, Andrea Sanna, Angela Sciascia, Paolo Stoia, Annamaria Guddo, Maria Lapi, Giorgio Ivani, Annalisa Longobardo, Valeria Mossetti, Dino Pedrotti, Maurizia Grazzini, Luisa Meneghini, Salvatore Metrangolo, Stefania Michelon, Carmelo Minardi, Costanza Tognon, Nicola Zadra, Ilaria Busi, Magda Khotcholava, Bruno Guido Locatelli, Valter Sonzogni, Giusi Starita, Nicole Almenrader, Caterina Aurilio, Pasquale Sansone, Raffaella Albarello, Paolo Bracci, Mariateresa Cecini, Maria Cristina Mondardini, Lorena Pasini, Milo Vason, Gianluca Zani, Roberto Zoppellari, Laura Pistidda, Andrea Cortegiani, Santi Maurizio Raineri, Antigona Hasani, Medita Hashimi, Agris Ancupans, Arta Barzdina, Zane Straume, Anda Zundane, Mikhail Chlopin, Dalia Gestautaite, Laura Lukosiene, Evelina Paliokaite, Ilona Razlevice, Inesa Armoniene, Aurelija Bernotiene, Vidunas Daugelavicius, Ilona Dockiene, Lina Gaidelyte, Nijole Saviciene, Jolita Krikstaponiene, Dominika Sidlovskaite-Baltake, Vladyslav Stasevski, Agne Vaitoskaite, David Gatt, Stephanie Mifsud, Simone Zammit, Celia Allison, Hamid Aslami, Susanne Eberl, Mireille F M van Stijn, Markus F Stevens, Kees Punt, Rob van Osch, Arthur Bauwman, Harm Scholten, Vesna Svircevic, Veronique Adriaens, Maaike Dirckx, Jaap Dogger, Ilse Dons-Sinke, Andreas Machotta, Xavier Moors, Mandana Rad, Lonneke Staals, Anouk van der Knijff - van Dortmont, Caroline van der Marel, Anne Sieben, Tim van der Zwan, Marianne Veldhuizen, David Alders, Wolfgang Buhre, Nicole Engel, Carine Vossen, Ravin Mahadewsing, Patrick Meijer, Volker Gerling, Roelof van der Schatte Olivier, Thea van Doorn, Kristy Vons Mark Hendriks, Sandra Lako, Gert jan Scheffer, Luc Tielens, Marieke Voet, Anthony Absalom, Margot Bergsma, Vera Spanjer, Rob Spanjersberg, Yvette van de Riet, Martin Volkers, Jurgen C. de Graaff, Geranne A.J. Hopman, Teus H. Kappen, J. Hannie, A.M. Megens, Sandra C. Numan, Anton N.J. Schouten, Nigel M. Turner, Désirée B.M. Van Der Werff, Renee T.M. Wensing, Erik Ephraim, Claire Nolte, Tore Reikvam, Ole Fredrik Lund, Lene Skaaden, Kari Marthe Ballovarre, Wenche Bakken Boerke, Guro Grindheim, Pal H H Lindenskov, Anne Beate Solas, Sjur Sponheim, Kyrre Ullensvang, Oddbjorn Viken, Inger Marie Drage, Kasper Gymoese Berthelsen, Bjørn Anders Kroken, Unni Bergland, Miroslaw Pryzmont, Mariola Talalaj, Malgorzata Wasiluk, Dorota Zalewska, Maria Damps, Jadzia Siemek-Mitela, Pawel Wieczorek, Magdalena Juzwa, Jowita Rosada-Kurasinska, Alicja Bartkowska-Sniatkowska, Maciej Cettler, Renata Kopycinska, Iwona Rudewicz, Jaek Sobczyk, Dariusz Wojciechowski, Artur Baranowski, Ewa Basiewicz, Magdalena Mierzewska-Schmidt, Wlodzimierz Retka, Piotr Sawicki, Magdalena Checinska, Magdalena Zurawska, Teresa Leal, Catia Mascarenhas, António Pedro Pina, Maria Joao Susano, Antonio Moniz, Maria Teresa Rocha, Carolina Calvao Santos, M Domingas Patuleia, Ricardo Pereira, Helena Roxo, Rosa Amaral, Isabel Guedes, Cristina Gomes, Marta Gonçalves, Helena Salgado, Maria Santos, Sara Rodrigues, Angela Sa, Elvira Machado, Sandra Pé d'Arca, Manuel Seabra, Ligia Mihaela Gheorghe, Constantin Ivascu, Lucia Moraru-Draghici, Mirela Suvejan, Remus Babici, Kovacs Eniko, Cristiana Hogea, Dubau Mihaela, Daraban Nicoleta, Danut Barbunc, Alina Maria Nistor, Violeta Stefan, Gabriela Catalina Ionescu, Irina Davidescu, Alina Teodora Nastase, Florin Dumitru Rusu, Victoria Badarau, Iulia Cindea, Melania Moscaliuc, Dana Olteanu, Luxita Petrescu, Daniela Ceuca, Irena Galinescu, Rodica Badeti, Alin Capusan, Cosmina Cucui-Cozma, Barbura Popescu, Luminita Cimpeanu, Mihaela-Petronela Birliba, Magdalena Miulescu, Stefania Balamat, Adriana Gurita, Luminita Ilie, Gabriel Mocioiu, Darina Pick, Rodica Sirghie, Radu Tabacaru, Irinel Trante, Lucian Horhota, Daniela Bandrabur, Tudor Ciobanu, Veaceslav Cuciuc, Valentin Munteanu, Valentin Olaru, Corneliu Paiu, Anca Savu, Oana Trifan, Anca Elena Malos, Anton Glazunov, Alexander Ivanov, Evgeny Poduskov, Alexander Popov, Igor Guskov, Alexander Lugovoy, Vladislav Nechaev, Alexey Ovezov, Mikhail Basov, Vladimir Kochkin, Vladimir Lazarev, Dmitri Chizhov, Ivan Ostreikov, Konstantin Tolasov, Ivana Budic, Vesna Marjanovic, Biljana Draskovic, Marina Pandurov, Jovana Simin, Vladimir Dolinaj, Dusanka Janjevic, Ana Mandras, Maja Mircetic, Sladjana Petrovic, Vlatka Rebac, Bojana Slavkovic, Vesna Stevanovic, Ana Velcev, Mirjana Knezevic, Irina Milojevic, Selena Puric, Irena Simic, Marija Stevic, Vladimir Stranjanac, Dusica Simic, Barbora Cabanova, Miloslav Hanula, Andry Grynyuk, Jelena Berger, Uros Cerne, Andraz Nastran, Dejan Pirc, Rok Popic, Spela Stupnik, Paloma Rubio, Cristina del Río, Pilar Benito, Gema Pino, Ignacio Gutierrez, Andrea Gutierrez Valcarcel, Irene León Carsi, Anibal Perez Garcia, Sílvia López Galera, Joan Marco Valls, Laura Ricol Lainez, Andrea Vallejo Tarrat, David Artes, Ester Banus, Luca Chirichiello, Leidy De Abreu, Belen De Josemaria, M Helena Gaitan, Antonio Garces, Juan J Lazaro, Ferran Manen Berga, Dolors Molies, Enric Monclus, Montserrat Navaro, Carmen Pamies, Marina Perelló, Mar Prat, Laura Ribo, M Angeles Sanz, Silvia Serrano, Eva Sola Ruiz, Blanca Anuncia Escontrela Rodríguez, Andrea Maria Gago Martinez, Alberto Martínez Ruiz, Fausto De La Cruz Benito, Gustavo Gabilondo Garcia, Ever Martinez Maldonado, Bryant Noriega, Lara Oller Duque, Alberto Olmos Mendez, Antonio Perez- Ferrer, Francisco Reinoso Barbero, Ismael Acevedo Bambaren, Fernando Domínguez, Teresa Franco, Anabel Jiménez, Alicia Melero, Montserrat Feliu, Irene García, Núria Montferrer, Francisca Munar, Cristina Muro, Rosario Nuño, Remel Perera, Erika Schmucker, Glenda Börjesson, Lars Gillberg, Albert Castellheim, Kerstin Sandström, Annette Bauer, Torbjörn Roos, Lars Hedlund, Yann Boegli, Mirko Dolci, Carine Marcucci, Isabelle Spahr-Schopfer, Michel Pellegrini, Malte Book, Loreen Errass, Christine Riggenbach, Mattias Casutt, Martin Hölzle, Thomas Hurni, Jacqueline Mauch, Luciano Anselmi, Irene Anselmi, Alfred Jacomet, Markus Oberhauser, Stephanie Wossner, Angelika Zettl, Thomas Erb, Tomasz Mackiewicz, Helena Simitzes, Yetkin Ozer, Arzu Takil, Zekeriyya Alanoglu, Onat Bermede, K.Sanem Cakar Turhan, Neslihan Alkis, Cigdem Yildirim Guclu, Basak Ceyda Meco, Zehra Hatipoglu, Dilek Ozcengiz, Zekine Begec, Huseyin Ilksen Toprak, Pinar Kendigelen, Ayse Cigdem Tütüncü, Meltem Savran Karadeniz, Tulay Seyhan Ozkan, Nuket Sivrikoz, Mustafa Kemal Arslantas, Ayse Hizal, Gülbin Tore Altun, Tumay Umuroglu, Sibel Baris, Zuleyha Kazak Bengisun, Galyna Goncharenko, Maksym Khrapak, Tetyana Klymenko, Vitaliy Pavlenko, Dmytro Prysiazhniuk, Olga Rudio, Mykhailo Varyvoda, Sergii Vodianytskyi, Ivanna Boryshkevych, Iryna Kyselova, Nikolay Trikash, Andrew Albokrinov, Valentina Perova-Sharonova, Vitaliy Sklyar, Denis Surkov, Amr Abdelaal, Nicola Barber, Sarah Checuti, Leisha Godsiff, Lynch Johanne, Joanna Simpson, Helen Underhill, Rishi Diwan, Nivedita Kelgeri, Nuria Masip, Radha Ravi, Steve Roberts, Annagrazia 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Sanem, Alkis, Neslihan, Yildirim Guclu, Cigdem, Ceyda Meco, Basak, Hatipoglu, Zehra, Ozcengiz, Dilek, Begec, Zekine, Ilksen Toprak, Huseyin, Kendigelen, Pinar, Cigdem Tütüncü, Ayse, Karadeniz, Meltem Savran, Seyhan Ozkan, Tulay, Sivrikoz, Nuket, Kemal Arslantas, Mustafa, Hizal, Ayse, Tore Altun, Gülbin, Umuroglu, Tumay, Baris, Sibel, Kazak Bengisun, Zuleyha, Goncharenko, Galyna, Khrapak, Maksym, Klymenko, Tetyana, Pavlenko, Vitaliy, Prysiazhniuk, Dmytro, Rudio, Olga, Varyvoda, Mykhailo, Vodianytskyi, Sergii, Boryshkevych, Ivanna, Kyselova, Iryna, Trikash, Nikolay, Albokrinov, Andrew, Perova Sharonova, Valentina, Sklyar, Vitaliy, Surkov, Deni, Abdelaal, Amr, Barber, Nicola, Checuti, Sarah, Godsiff, Leisha, Johanne, Lynch, Simpson, Joanna, Underhill, Helen, Diwan, Rishi, Kelgeri, Nivedita, Masip, Nuria, Ravi, Radha, Roberts, Steve, Cillis, Annagrazia, Marcus, Ritchie, Merella, Federica, Love, David, Baraggia, Paolo, Bird, Victoria, Hussey, Joseph, Alderson, Peter, Bartholomew, Karen, Moncreiff, Michael, Davidson, Sarah, Hare, Alison, Kotecha, Ami, Lee, Corina, Liyanage, Ganga, Patel, Shivali, Samani, Amee, Abou Samra, Mark, Boyd, Matthew, Hullatt, Laurence, Levy, David, Pauling, Mark, Sharman, Sarah Jane, Smith, Natalie, Rutherford, John, Cavalier, Alison, Locke, Christie, Sage, Frederic, Bapat, Smita, Hammerschlag, Jacinda, Ioannou, Ioanni, King, Stephanie, Pegg, Rachel, Salota, Vishal, Sketcher, Jonathan, Thadsad, Muthu, Zeitlin, Deborah, Jack, Ewan, Lang, Colin, Ahmed, Samira, Ayyash, Reema, Bari, Francoise, Bell, Sarah J, Elizabeth Biercamp, Claire, Briggs, Sandra, Gabriella Elena Clement, Maria, Dalton, Mark, Ali Eissa Eid, Mohamed, Gandhi, Monica, Harmen Herrema, Idse, Khaffaf, Ranj, Jeng Min Law, Savio, Mcclintock, Joanna, Ireland, Nichola, Majid Saleem, Mohammed, Smith, Fiona, Cohen, Marc, Lee, Clover Ann, O'Donahue, Lizanne, Powell, Alex, Rawlinson, Ellen, Snoek, Aarjan, Weiss, Katja, Wellesley, Hugo, Crawford, Michael, Abdel Hafiz, Mostafa, Day, Alexandra, Rajamani, Balaji, Saha, Rita, Wright, Dave, Chee, Lew Chin, Bew, Stephanie, Homer, Rachel, Malarkkan, Nalini, Wolfe Barry, Juliet, Angadi, Pradeep, Cagney, Brid, De Melo, Eric, Dekker, Elsa, Helm, Emma, Jones, Gareth, Peiris, Kawshala, Russell, William, Slater, Patricia, Sodhi, Puja, Browning, Mike, Phillips, Trudie, Van Hecke, Rachel, Muir, Vimty, Singh, Piyush, Soskova, Tereza, Cumming, Craig, Farquharson, Pamela, Pearson, Karen, Shaw, Neil, Whiteside, Jonathan, Whyte, Emma, Byers, Gordon, Davies, Kay, Engelhardt, Thoma, Faliszewski, Isabella, Johnston, Graham, Kaufmann, Nil, Kusnirikova, Zuzana, Wilson, Graham, Carachi, Peter, Makin, Andrew, Foster, Brian, Lipczynski, Dariusz, Mawer, Rebecca, Rutherford, William, Rogerson, David, Rushman, Sarah, Taylor, Christopher, Tomlinson, William, Dix, Philippa, Woodward, Tom, Bell, Graham, Boyle, David, Cloherty, Marianne, Cullen, Julia, Cullen, Pauline, Fairgrieve, Ro, Ghent, Robert, Glasgow, Russell, Gordeeva, Elena, Harden, Alison, Hivey, Sarah, Jerome, Kevin, Mckee, Lesley, Morton, Neil, Pribul, Vicky, Sinclair, John, Steiner, Maria, Steward, Heather, Sweeney, Lorraine, Thomson, Wendy, Whiteside, Jeanette, Dalton, Andrew, Ross, Mark, Smith, Carolyn, Allen, Claire, Anders, Nicola, Barlow, Victoria, Bassett, Mike, Darwin, Leanne, Davison, Rachel, Diacono, Jacque, Hobbs, Amy, Hutchinson, Adel, Lomas, Bernadette, Lonsdale, Hannah, Nasser, Leila, Oshan, Vimmi, Patel, Pradip, Raistrick, Christopher, Scott Warren, Victoria, Talbot, Laura, Wai, Carolynn, Childs, Sophie, Dickinson, Matthew, Bloomfield, Tom, Garrioch, Sweyn, Watson, Karen, Gaynor, Jame, Harrison, Richard, Lee, Juliette, Blythe, Elizabeth, Dorman, Teresa, Eissa, Ayman, Ellwood, Jame, Gooch, Ingrid, Hearn, Robert, Hodgetts, Vanessa, John, Robert, Kirton, Christine, Ladak, Nadia, Morgan, Judith, Plant, Nina, Shepherd, Elizabeth, Short, Judith, Stack, Charle, Steel, Simon, Taylor, Matthew, Thomas, Deborah, Wilson, Catharine, Wilson Smith, Elaine, Bradbury, Carol L., Hussain, Nageena, Mayell, Antonia, Mesbah, Ahmed, Qureshi, Arif, Vaidyanath, Chandra, Geary, Tim, Hawksworth, Chri, Parasuraman, Tamaraichelvi, Perry, Nicole, Banerjee, Indrani, Barr, Katharine, Butler, Patrick, Davies, Jack, Flewin, Lisa, Gande, Richard, Montague, Jame, Plumb, Jame, Pratt, Thoma, Sutherland, Paul, Vail, Hannah, Wilkins, Andrew, Hunter, Catherine, Russell, Susan, Thomas, Alun, Mifsud, Mark, Strachan, Dominic, Plichon, Benoit, Harlet, Pierre, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry / Psychology, Morawk-Wintersperger, Ulrike, Seidel-Ahyai, Natascha, Lechat, Jean-Paul, Kesic-Valpotic, Gordana, Ilmoja, Mari-Lii, Nouette-Gaulain, Karine, Gagey, Anne-Charlotte, Carre, Anne-Charlotte, Riche, Jean-Claude, Verchere-Montmayeur, Juliette, Julien-Marsollier, Florence, Saour, Anne-Charlotte, Jetzek-Zader, Martin, Meyer-Treschan, Tanja, Preussler, Niels-Peter, Sidlovskaite-Baltake, Dominika, van Stijn, Mireille F M, Dons-Sinke, Ilse, van der Knijff - van Dortmont, Anouk, Hopman, Geranne A.J., Megens, A.M., Schouten, Anton N.J., Van Der Werff, Désirée B.M., Wensing, Renee T.M., Lindenskov, Pal H H, Siemek-Mitela, Jadzia, Rosada-Kurasinska, Jowita, Bartkowska-Sniatkowska, Alicja, Mierzewska-Schmidt, Magdalena, Moraru-Draghici, Lucia, Cucui-Cozma, Cosmina, Birliba, Mihaela-Petronela, Perez- Ferrer, Antonio, Spahr-Schopfer, Isabelle, Cakar Turhan, K.Sanem, Perova-Sharonova, Valentina, Abou-Samra, Mark, Sharman, Sarah-Jane, McClintock, Joanna, Lee, Clover-Ann, Abdel-Hafiz, Mostafa, Chee, Lew-Chin, McKee, Lesley, Scott-Warren, Victoria, and Wilson-Smith, Elaine

Subjects
Male, Pediatrics, Health Status, OPERATING-ROOM, Respiratory Tract Diseases, CHILDREN, 0302 clinical medicine, REGIONAL ANESTHESIA, Postoperative Complications, 030202 anesthesiology, CARDIAC-ARREST, Medicine, General anaesthesia, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Child, Intraoperative Complications, COMPLICATIONS, ddc:617, Incidence (epidemiology), Mortality rate, musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology, Incidence, Age Factors, Hospitals, Europe, Cardiovascular Diseases, Child, Preschool, RESPIRATORY ADVERSE EVENTS, Female, Clinical Competence, Cohort study, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, macromolecular substances, Anesthesia, General, Drug Hypersensitivity, 03 medical and health sciences, MORBIDITY, Journal Article, Humans, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Infant, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Perioperative, nervous system, PROSPECTIVE COHORT, Relative risk, RISK-FACTORS, Observational study, Human medicine, Nervous System Diseases, business, SYSTEM
Abstract

Background Little is known about the incidence of severe critical events in children undergoing general anaesthesia in Europe. We aimed to identify the incidence, nature, and outcome of severe critical events in children undergoing anaesthesia, and the associated potential risk factors. Methods The APRICOT study was a prospective observational multicentre cohort study of children from birth to 15 years of age undergoing elective or urgent anaesthesia for diagnostic or surgical procedures. Children were eligible for inclusion during a 2-week period determined prospectively by each centre. There were 261 participating centres across 33 European countries. The primary endpoint was the occurence of perioperative severe critical events requiring immediate intervention. A severe critical event was defined as the occurrence of respiratory, cardiac, allergic, or neurological complications requiring immediate intervention and that led (or could have led) to major disability or death. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01878760. Findings Between April 1, 2014, and Jan 31, 2015, 31 127 anaesthetic procedures in 30 874 children with a mean age of 6·35 years (SD 4·50) were included. The incidence of perioperative severe critical events was 5·2% (95% CI 5·0–5·5) with an incidence of respiratory critical events of 3·1% (2·9–3·3). Cardiovascular instability occurred in 1·9% (1·7–2·1), with an immediate poor outcome in 5·4% (3·7–7·5) of these cases. The all-cause 30-day in-hospital mortality rate was 10 in 10 000. This was independent of type of anaesthesia. Age (relative risk 0·88, 95% CI 0·86–0·90; p

Published
2017
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24. Perceived Unfair Treatment and Problem Drinking among U.S. Navy Careerists.

Author

Ames GM, Moore RS, Cunradi CB, Duke MR, and Galvin D

Abstract

This mixed method paper assessed interrelationships of unfair treatment at work, stress, and problem drinking amongst a sample of U.S. Navy careerists. Survey data from current drinkers (n=2380) were analyzed, along with qualitative interviews from a quota sample of 81. More women than men (51.4% vs. 16.2%) reported gender unfair treatment; approximately 20% of respondents reported ethnic/racial unfair treatment. Unfair treatment was associated with likelihood of problem drinking, but associations were attenuated after adjusting for frequency of work problems and expecting alcohol to alleviate stress. Qualitative results revealed contexts of unfair treatment within bureaucratic structures, tradition, norms, and role modeling.

Published
2014
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25. Impact of the September 11 attack on flight attendants: a study of an essential first responder group.

Author

Corey K, Galvin D, Cohen M, Bekelman A, Healy H, and Edberg M

Subjects
Humans, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic epidemiology, Aviation, First Aid, Occupational Health Services, September 11 Terrorist Attacks psychology, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic etiology, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic therapy
Abstract

This paper discusses a study (funded by the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention) of the health/mental health and work-related well-being of flight attendants in the aftermath of September 11. Flight attendants, as an occupational group, had a distinctive exposure to September 11. In addition to work-related exposure in the immediate aftermath of the attacks, flight attendants have experienced major and ongoing changes in their work environment and job description and many have been exposed to potentially traumatic incidents on the job. Analysis of survey and focus group data from flight attendants in the Association of Flight Attendants showed high reported stress and related mental health and behavioral impacts among flight attendants since September 11. A significant new finding is that the effect of continued trauma in the flight attendants' work environment impacted their ability to recover from the original trauma associated with the events of that day. This study highlights the role of the after-effects of a traumatic event on trauma response and suggests that direct exposure, as traditionally defined, is not necessarily a primary mediating factor in trauma response for this occupational group.

Published
2005

26. The relationship between employment and substance use among students aged 12 to 17.

Author

Wu LT, Schlenger WE, and Galvin DM

Subjects
Adolescent, Alcohol Drinking epidemiology, Child, Demography, Family Characteristics, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Illicit Drugs, Logistic Models, Male, Prevalence, Smoking epidemiology, Socioeconomic Factors, United States epidemiology, Adolescent Behavior, Employment statistics & numerical data, Substance-Related Disorders epidemiology
Abstract

Purpose: To examine the association between employment status and substance use among students aged 12 to 17 years., Methods: Secondary analysis of data from the 1995 and 1996 National Household Surveys on Drug Abuse was conducted. The survey is a primary source of data on licit and illicit drug use among noninstitutionalized Americans aged 12 years or older. Participants are interviewed at their places of residence. Multiple logistic regression procedures yielded estimated associations., Results: About one in six adolescents reported both going to school and holding a job. Approximately one-fourth of students smoked cigarettes, and one-third consumed alcohol in the past year. An estimated 1.6% of students were current heavy cigarette smokers, and 2.6% were current heavy alcohol users. One-year prevalence estimates of any illicit drug use and heavy illicit drug use were 16.7% and 1.8%, respectively. Among students employed full time, prevalence estimates increased to 9.7% for heavy cigarette smoking, 13.1% for heavy alcohol use, 38.1% for any illicit drug use, and 5.0% for heavy illicit drug use. Logistic regression analyses supported relatively high rates of cigarette use, alcohol use, illicit drug use, and heavy substance use among working students. Mental health problems, especially externalizing behavioral syndromes, were found to coexist with the use and heavy use of substances. The observed associations varied somewhat by gender., Conclusions: The workplace may be an appropriate venue for establishing substance use prevention and early intervention programs focused on younger workers, including adolescents who work part time., (Copyright Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2003)

Published
2003
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