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1. Attention neuroenhancement through tDCS or neurofeedback: a randomized, single-blind, controlled trial

Author

Gabriel Gaudencio Rêgo, Óscar F. Gonçalves, and Paulo Sérgio Boggio

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Neurofeedback and transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) are promising techniques for neuroenhancement of attentional performance. As far as we know no study compared both techniques on attentional performance in healthy participants. We compared tDCS and neurofeedback in a randomized, single-blind, controlled experiment assessing both behavioral (accuracy and time reaction) and electrophysiological (N1, P1, and P3 components) data of participants responding to the Attention Network Task (ANT). Eighty volunteers volunteered for this study. We adopted standard protocols for both techniques, i.e., a Sensorimotor Rhythm (SMR) protocol for neurofeedback and the right DLPFC anodal stimulation for tDCS, applied over nine sessions (two weeks). We did not find significant differences between treatment groups on ANT, neither at the behavioral nor at the electrophysiological levels. However, we found that participants from both neuromodulation groups, irrespective of if active or sham, reported attentional improvements in response to the treatment on a subjective scale. Our study adds another null result to the neuromodulation literature, showing that neurofeedback and tDCS effects are more complex than previously suggested and associated with placebo effect. More studies in neuroenhancement literature are necessary to fully comprehend neuromodulation mechanisms.

Published
2022
Full Text
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2. Predicting attitudinal and behavioral responses to COVID-19 pandemic using machine learning

Author

Tomislav Pavlović, Flavio Azevedo, Koustav De, Julián C Riaño-Moreno, Marina Maglić, Theofilos Gkinopoulos, Patricio Andreas Donnelly-Kehoe, César Payán-Gómez, Guanxiong Huang, Jaroslaw Kantorowicz, Michèle D Birtel, Philipp Schönegger, Valerio Capraro, Hernando Santamaría-García, Meltem Yucel, Agustin Ibanez, Steve Rathje, Erik Wetter, Dragan Stanojević, Jan-Willem van Prooijen, Eugenia Hesse, Christian T Elbaek, Renata Franc, Zoran Pavlović, Panagiotis Mitkidis, Aleksandra Cichocka, Michele Gelfand, Mark Alfano, Robert M Ross, Hallgeir Sjåstad, John B Nezlek, Aleksandra Cislak, Patricia Lockwood, Koen Abts, Elena Agadullina, David M Amodio, Matthew A J Apps, John Jamir Benzon Aruta, Sahba Besharati, Alexander Bor, Becky Choma, William Cunningham, Waqas Ejaz, Harry Farmer, Andrej Findor, Biljana Gjoneska, Estrella Gualda, Toan L D Huynh, Mostak Ahamed Imran, Jacob Israelashvili, Elena Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, André Krouwel, Yordan Kutiyski, Michael Laakasuo, Claus Lamm, Jonathan Levy, Caroline Leygue, Ming-Jen Lin, Mohammad Sabbir Mansoor, Antoine Marie, Lewend Mayiwar, Honorata Mazepus, Cillian McHugh, Andreas Olsson, Tobias Otterbring, Dominic Packer, Jussi Palomäki, Anat Perry, Michael Bang Petersen, Arathy Puthillam, Tobias Rothmund, Petra C Schmid, David Stadelmann, Augustin Stoica, Drozdstoy Stoyanov, Kristina Stoyanova, Shruti Tewari, Bojan Todosijević, Benno Torgler, Manos Tsakiris, Hans H Tung, Radu Gabriel Umbreș, Edmunds Vanags, Madalina Vlasceanu, Andrew J Vonasch, Yucheng Zhang, Mohcine Abad, Eli Adler, Hamza Alaoui Mdarhri, Benedict Antazo, F Ceren Ay, Mouhamadou El Hady Ba, Sergio Barbosa, Brock Bastian, Anton Berg, Michał Białek, Ennio Bilancini, Natalia Bogatyreva, Leonardo Boncinelli, Jonathan E Booth, Sylvie Borau, Ondrej Buchel, Chrissie Ferreira de Carvalho, Tatiana Celadin, Chiara Cerami, Hom Nath Chalise, Xiaojun Cheng, Luca Cian, Kate Cockcroft, Jane Conway, Mateo A Córdoba-Delgado, Chiara Crespi, Marie Crouzevialle, Jo Cutler, Marzena Cypryańska, Justyna Dabrowska, Victoria H Davis, John Paul Minda, Pamala N Dayley, Sylvain Delouvée, Ognjan Denkovski, Guillaume Dezecache, Nathan A Dhaliwal, Alelie Diato, Roberto Di Paolo, Uwe Dulleck, Jānis Ekmanis, Tom W Etienne, Hapsa Hossain Farhana, Fahima Farkhari, Kristijan Fidanovski, Terry Flew, Shona Fraser, Raymond Boadi Frempong, Jonathan Fugelsang, Jessica Gale, E Begoña García-Navarro, Prasad Garladinne, Kurt Gray, Siobhán M Griffin, Bjarki Gronfeldt, June Gruber, Eran Halperin, Volo Herzon, Matej Hruška, Matthias F C Hudecek, Ozan Isler, Simon Jangard, Frederik Jørgensen, Oleksandra Keudel, Lina Koppel, Mika Koverola, Anton Kunnari, Josh Leota, Eva Lermer, Chunyun Li, Chiara Longoni, Darragh McCashin, Igor Mikloušić, Juliana Molina-Paredes, César Monroy-Fonseca, Elena Morales-Marente, David Moreau, Rafał Muda, Annalisa Myer, Kyle Nash, Jonas P Nitschke, Matthew S Nurse, Victoria Oldemburgo de Mello, M Soledad Palacios-Galvez, Yafeng Pan, Zsófia Papp, Philip Pärnamets, Mariola Paruzel-Czachura, Silva Perander, Michael Pitman, Ali Raza, Gabriel Gaudencio Rêgo, Claire Robertson, Iván Rodríguez-Pascual, Teemu Saikkonen, Octavio Salvador-Ginez, Waldir M Sampaio, Gaia Chiara Santi, David Schultner, Enid Schutte, Andy Scott, Ahmed Skali, Anna Stefaniak, Anni Sternisko, Brent Strickland, Jeffrey P Thomas, Gustav Tinghög, Iris J Traast, Raffaele Tucciarelli, Michael Tyrala, Nick D Ungson, Mete Sefa Uysal, Dirk Van Rooy, Daniel Västfjäll, Joana B Vieira, Christian von Sikorski, Alexander C Walker, Jennifer Watermeyer, Robin Willardt, Michael J A Wohl, Adrian Dominik Wójcik, Kaidi Wu, Yuki Yamada, Onurcan Yilmaz, Kumar Yogeeswaran, Carolin-Theresa Ziemer, Rolf A Zwaan, Paulo Sergio Boggio, Ashley Whillans, Paul A M Van Lange, Rajib Prasad, Michal Onderco, Cathal O'Madagain, Tarik Nesh-Nash, Oscar Moreda Laguna, Emily Kubin, Mert Gümren, Ali Fenwick, Arhan S Ertan, Michael J Bernstein, Hanane Amara, Jay Joseph Van Bavel, Brain and Cognition, Public Administration, Pavlovic, Tomislav, Avezedo, Flávio, De, Koustav, Maglić, Marina, Donnelly-Kehoe, Patricio Andreas, Payán-Gómez, César, Van Bavel, Jay J., Schmid, Petra Claudia, Crouzevialle, Marie, Willardt, Robin, et al., Ivo Pilar Institute of Social Sciences, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of Kentucky (UK), Universidad El Bosque [Bogota], University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), Universidad del Rosario [Bogota], Universidad Nacional de Colombia [Bogotà] (UNAL), City University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong] (CUHK), Universiteit Leiden, University of Greenwich, University of St Andrews [Scotland], Middlesex University [London], Pontifical Xavierian University, Duke University [Durham], Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez [Santiago], University of California (UC), Trinity College Dublin, Stockholm School of Economics (SSE), University of Belgrade [Belgrade], Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA), Aarhus University [Aarhus], University of Kent [Canterbury], Stanford University, Macquarie University, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities (SWPS), University of Birmingham [Birmingham], University of Oxford, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Vysšaja škola èkonomiki = National Research University Higher School of Economics [Moscow] (HSE), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Sunway University [Malaysia], University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), University of Toronto, National University of Sciences and Technology [Islamabad] (NUST), Comenius University in Bratislava, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts [Skopje, North Macedonia] (MASA), Universidad de Huelva, University of Southampton, BRAC University, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), Erasmus University Rotterdam, Kieskompas, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, University of Vienna [Vienna], Reichman University [Herzliya], Aalto University, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), National Taiwan University [Taiwan] (NTU), HEMS School, BI Norwegian Business School [Oslo], University of Limerick (UL), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], University of Agder (UIA), Lehigh University [Bethlehem], Monk Prayogshala, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich (ETH Zurïch), University of Bayreuth, National School of Political and Administrative Studies (SNSPA), Plovdiv University 'Paisii Hilendarski', Indian Institute of Management Indore (IMM Indore), Institute of Social Sciences Belgrade, Queensland University of Technology [Brisbane] (QUT), Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), University of London [London], National University of Political Studies and Public Administration, University of Latvia (LU), New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU), University of Canterbury [Christchurch], Hebei University of Technology [Tianjin], Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique [Ben Guerir] (UM6P), AnsuR Technologies [Fornebu], Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), Victoria University [Melbourne], University of Wrocław [Poland] (UWr), IMT Institute for Advanced Studies [Lucca], Université de Florence, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), TBS Education, Slovak Academy of Science [Bratislava] (SAS), Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, Tribhuvan University, Shenzhen Univerisity [Shenzhen], University of Virginia, Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), University of Western Ontario (UWO), Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive (LAPSCO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), University of British Columbia (UBC), University of Queensland [Brisbane], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), The University of Sydney, University of Waterloo [Waterloo], University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), University of Colorado [Boulder], University of Regensburg, Kyiv School of economic (KSE), Linköping University (LIU), Monash University [Clayton], Ansbach University of Applied Sciences, Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), Department of Management - London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), Questrom School of Business, Boston University [Boston] (BU), Dublin City University [Dublin] (DCU), University of Auckland [Auckland], Maria Curie-Sklodowska University (UMCS), City University of New York [New York] (CUNY), University of Alberta, Australian National University (ANU), University of Silesia in Katowice, Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Zhejiang University, Mackenzie Presbyterian University [São Paulo] (UPM), NYU Department of Psychology [New-York University], NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU), University of Turku, City College of New York [CUNY] (CCNY), University of Groningen [Groningen], Carleton University, Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Faculté de Gouvernance, Sciences Économiques et Sociales [UM6P] (FGSES), University College of London [London] (UCL), Susquehanna University, University of Antwerp (UA), University of Exeter, University of Koblenz-Landau, Nicolaus Copernicus University [Toruń], University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), Kyushu University, Kadir Has University (KHAS), Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Vidyasagar College For Women, Koç University, Hult International Business School, Boǧaziçi üniversitesi = Boğaziçi University [Istanbul], Penn State Abington, Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Penn State System, Communication Science, Network Institute, Communication Choices, Content and Consequences (CCCC), Social Psychology, IBBA, A-LAB, University of St Andrews. Philosophy, University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience, Pavlović, Tomislav [0000-0002-4470-3715], Azevedo, Flavio [0000-0001-9000-8513], De, Koustav [0000-0001-9562-0672], Riaño-Moreno, Julián C [0000-0003-4182-0550], Maglić, Marina [0000-0002-6851-4601], Gkinopoulos, Theofilos [0000-0003-1070-6245], Donnelly-Kehoe, Patricio Andreas [0000-0002-3738-9537], Payán-Gómez, César [0000-0002-0633-1332], Huang, Guanxiong [0000-0002-8588-1454], Kantorowicz, Jaroslaw [0000-0002-1186-5427], Birtel, Michèle D [0000-0002-2383-9197], Schönegger, Philipp [0000-0001-9930-487X], Capraro, Valerio [0000-0002-0579-0166], Santamaría-García, Hernando [0000-0001-9422-3579], Yucel, Meltem [0000-0002-7274-5971], Ibanez, Agustin [0000-0001-6758-5101], Rathje, Steve [0000-0001-6727-571X], Wetter, Erik [0000-0002-5821-6651], Stanojević, Dragan [0000-0002-3667-2461], van Prooijen, Jan-Willem [0000-0001-6236-0819], Hesse, Eugenia [0000-0002-9077-9833], Elbaek, Christian T [0000-0002-7039-4565], Franc, Renata [0000-0002-1909-2393], Pavlović, Zoran [0000-0002-9231-5100], Mitkidis, Panagiotis [0000-0002-9495-7369], Cichocka, Aleksandra [0000-0003-1703-1586], Alfano, Mark [0000-0001-5879-8033], Ross, Robert M [0000-0001-8711-1675], Sjåstad, Hallgeir [0000-0002-8730-1038], Nezlek, John B [0000-0003-4963-3637], Cislak, Aleksandra [0000-0002-9880-6947], Lockwood, Patricia [0000-0001-7195-9559], Abts, Koen [0000-0001-8546-8347], Agadullina, Elena [0000-0002-1505-1412], Amodio, David M [0000-0001-7746-0150], Apps, Matthew AJ [0000-0001-5793-2202], Aruta, John Jamir Benzon [0000-0003-4155-1063], Besharati, Sahba [0000-0003-2836-7982], Bor, Alexander [0000-0002-2624-9221], Choma, Becky [0000-0002-8286-8983], Ejaz, Waqas [0000-0002-2492-4115], Farmer, Harry [0000-0002-3684-0605], Findor, Andrej [0000-0002-5896-6989], Gjoneska, Biljana [0000-0003-1200-6672], Gualda, Estrella [0000-0003-0220-2135], Huynh, Toan LD [0000-0002-6653-7447], Imran, Mostak Ahamed [0000-0002-5101-3149], Israelashvili, Jacob [0000-0003-1289-223X], Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, Elena [0000-0001-8128-7290], Krouwel, André [0000-0003-0952-6028], Kutiyski, Yordan [0000-0003-0889-4232], Laakasuo, Michael [0000-0003-2826-6073], Lamm, Claus [0000-0002-5422-0653], Levy, Jonathan [0000-0003-1007-2393], Leygue, Caroline [0000-0002-0355-1030], Lin, Ming-Jen [0000-0002-7174-2226], Mansoor, Mohammad Sabbir [0000-0002-6541-3506], Marie, Antoine [0000-0002-7958-0153], Mayiwar, Lewend [0000-0003-1404-4779], Mazepus, Honorata [0000-0002-5005-9399], McHugh, Cillian [0000-0002-9701-3232], Olsson, Andreas [0000-0001-5272-7744], Otterbring, Tobias [0000-0002-0283-8777], Packer, Dominic [0000-0001-8420-6548], Palomäki, Jussi [0000-0001-6063-0926], Perry, Anat [0000-0003-2329-856X], Petersen, Michael Bang [0000-0002-6782-5635], Puthillam, Arathy [0000-0003-2426-8362], Rothmund, Tobias [0000-0003-2979-5129], Schmid, Petra C [0000-0002-9990-5445], Stadelmann, David [0000-0002-1211-9936], Stoica, Augustin [0000-0003-0585-1114], Stoyanov, Drozdstoy [0000-0002-9975-3680], Stoyanova, Kristina [0000-0001-8362-6444], Tewari, Shruti [0000-0003-1903-7252], Todosijević, Bojan [0000-0002-6116-993X], Torgler, Benno [0000-0002-9809-963X], Tsakiris, Manos [0000-0001-7753-7576], Tung, Hans H [0000-0001-5332-7582], Umbreș, Radu Gabriel [0000-0002-6121-4518], Vanags, Edmunds [0000-0003-1932-936X], Vlasceanu, Madalina [0000-0003-2138-1968], Vonasch, Andrew J [0000-0002-2784-5420], Zhang, Yucheng [0000-0001-9435-6734], Abad, Mohcine [0000-0002-4964-5411], Adler, Eli [0000-0002-9005-5536], Mdarhri, Hamza Alaoui [0000-0001-9831-6561], Antazo, Benedict [0000-0001-9993-8960], Ay, F Ceren [0000-0003-4444-2268], Ba, Mouhamadou El Hady [0000-0002-2707-1242], Barbosa, Sergio [0000-0003-1989-158X], Bastian, Brock [0000-0003-4619-3322], Berg, Anton [0000-0001-7143-762X], Białek, Michał [0000-0002-5062-5733], Bilancini, Ennio [0000-0002-2027-3992], Bogatyreva, Natalia [0000-0002-6024-2322], Boncinelli, Leonardo [0000-0003-0626-5133], Booth, Jonathan E [0000-0002-8563-4613], Borau, Sylvie [0000-0003-1564-0695], Buchel, Ondrej [0000-0002-0139-5513], de Carvalho, Chrissie Ferreira [0000-0002-1369-6188], Celadin, Tatiana [0000-0002-7743-3117], Cerami, Chiara [0000-0003-1974-3421], Chalise, Hom Nath [0000-0002-9301-6890], Cian, Luca [0000-0002-8051-1366], Cockcroft, Kate [0000-0002-6166-8050], Conway, Jane [0000-0003-3883-349X], Córdoba-Delgado, Mateo A [0000-0002-2264-7388], Crespi, Chiara [0000-0002-7851-9887], Crouzevialle, Marie [0000-0002-5538-6030], Cutler, Jo [0000-0003-1073-764X], Cypryańska, Marzena [0000-0001-9234-562X], Dabrowska, Justyna [0000-0002-8821-7161], Davis, Victoria H [0000-0002-7207-4629], Minda, John Paul [0000-0002-4081-010X], Dayley, Pamala N [0000-0001-8955-9502], Delouvée, Sylvain [0000-0002-4029-597X], Denkovski, Ognjan [0000-0002-9739-4100], Dezecache, Guillaume [0000-0002-9366-6287], Dhaliwal, Nathan A [0000-0002-4667-0689], Di Paolo, Roberto [0000-0002-6081-6656], Dulleck, Uwe [0000-0002-0953-5963], Ekmanis, Jānis [0000-0003-1781-1785], Etienne, Tom W [0000-0002-4299-6593], Farkhari, Fahima [0000-0002-8484-5128], Fidanovski, Kristijan [0000-0002-9006-0140], Flew, Terry [0000-0003-4485-9338], Fraser, Shona [0000-0003-1505-0652], Frempong, Raymond Boadi [0000-0002-4603-5570], Fugelsang, Jonathan [0000-0002-6342-7023], Gale, Jessica [0000-0001-5677-8629], García-Navarro, E Begoña [0000-0001-6913-8882], Gray, Kurt [0000-0001-5816-2676], Griffin, Siobhán M [0000-0002-3613-2844], Gronfeldt, Bjarki [0000-0001-9941-7903], Gruber, June [0000-0002-7789-1353], Halperin, Eran [0000-0002-3379-2935], Herzon, Volo [0000-0001-7781-1651], Hruška, Matej [0000-0002-4521-3697], Hudecek, Matthias FC [0000-0002-7696-766X], Isler, Ozan [0000-0002-4638-2230], Jangard, Simon [0000-0002-7876-4161], Jørgensen, Frederik [0000-0002-5461-912X], Keudel, Oleksandra [0000-0001-6322-3103], Koppel, Lina [0000-0002-6302-0047], Koverola, Mika [0000-0001-8227-6120], Kunnari, Anton [0000-0002-2951-6399], Leota, Josh [0000-0002-7714-4630], Lermer, Eva [0000-0002-6600-9580], Li, Chunyun [0000-0001-5909-0889], Longoni, Chiara [0000-0002-4945-4957], McCashin, Darragh [0000-0003-2686-2111], Mikloušić, Igor [0000-0002-6539-2901], Monroy-Fonseca, César [0000-0003-4696-8159], Morales-Marente, Elena [0000-0002-1227-9606], Moreau, David [0000-0002-1957-1941], Muda, Rafał [0000-0003-4953-6642], Myer, Annalisa [0000-0002-2363-4757], Nash, Kyle [0000-0003-0461-3835], Nitschke, Jonas P [0000-0002-3244-8585], Nurse, Matthew S [0000-0003-1787-5914], de Mello, Victoria Oldemburgo [0000-0003-2867-8529], Palacios-Galvez, Maria Soledad [0000-0002-6802-6202], Pan, Yafeng [0000-0002-5633-8313], Papp, Zsófia [0000-0001-6257-0568], Pärnamets, Philip [0000-0001-8360-9097], Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola [0000-0002-8716-9778], Perander, Silva [0000-0001-6711-8079], Pitman, Michael [0000-0001-5532-5388], Raza, Ali [0000-0002-2438-6054], Rêgo, Gabriel Gaudencio [0000-0003-3304-4723], Robertson, Claire [0000-0001-8403-6358], Rodríguez-Pascual, Iván [0000-0002-5385-3643], Saikkonen, Teemu [0000-0001-9619-3270], Salvador-Ginez, Octavio [0000-0002-1652-8788], Sampaio, Waldir M [0000-0002-6066-4314], Santi, Gaia Chiara [0000-0002-9253-6122], Schultner, David [0000-0003-2253-4065], Schutte, Enid [0000-0002-6653-5409], Scott, Andy [0000-0002-3294-0078], Skali, Ahmed [0000-0002-4753-3280], Stefaniak, Anna [0000-0002-1706-7784], Sternisko, Anni [0000-0002-2507-3076], Strickland, Brent [0000-0002-7573-3722], Thomas, Jeffrey P [0000-0002-5939-5559], Tinghög, Gustav [0000-0002-8159-1249], Tucciarelli, Raffaele [0000-0002-0342-308X], Tyrala, Michael [0000-0001-5268-8319], Ungson, Nick D [0000-0003-2494-4498], Uysal, Mete Sefa [0000-0002-8698-9213], Van Rooy, Dirk [0000-0003-2525-5408], Västfjäll, Daniel [0000-0003-2873-4500], Vieira, Joana B [0000-0001-7335-4588], von Sikorski, Christian [0000-0002-3787-8277], Walker, Alexander C [0000-0003-1431-6770], Watermeyer, Jennifer [0000-0001-7918-8832], Willardt, Robin [0000-0002-2495-3450], Wohl, Michael JA [0000-0001-6945-5562], Wójcik, Adrian Dominik [0000-0002-7073-6019], Wu, Kaidi [0000-0001-6881-7437], Yamada, Yuki [0000-0003-1431-568X], Yilmaz, Onurcan [0000-0002-6094-7162], Yogeeswaran, Kumar [0000-0002-1978-5077], Ziemer, Carolin-Theresa [0000-0002-0794-7702], Zwaan, Rolf A [0000-0001-9967-7879], Boggio, Paulo Sergio [0000-0002-6109-0447], Van Lange, Paul AM [0000-0001-7774-6984], Prasad, Rajib [0000-0003-0913-1624], Onderco, Michal [0000-0001-9911-3782], O'Madagain, Cathal [0000-0002-4086-524X], Nesh-Nash, Tarik [0000-0002-5532-9095], Kubin, Emily [0000-0003-0606-8594], Gümren, Mert [0000-0002-3298-6295], Fenwick, Ali [0000-0002-5412-9745], Ertan, Arhan S [0000-0001-9730-8391], Bernstein, Michael J [0000-0002-8083-9839], Amara, Hanane [0000-0003-0732-2320], Van Bavel, Jay Joseph [0000-0002-2520-0442], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Sociale Psychologie (Psychologie, FMG), ASCoR Other Research (FMG), Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Department of Digital Humanities, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Cognitive Science, High Performance Cognition group, Mind and Matter, and Department of Computer Science

Subjects
Hälso- och sjukvårdsorganisation, hälsopolitik och hälsoekonomi, Economics, COVID-19, social distancing, hygiene, policy support, public health measures, J Political Science, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, psychology, Settore SECS-P/02 - Politica Economica, Q1, H Social Sciences, [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, RA0421, RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine, Machine learning, Psychology, Nationalekonomi, Settore SECS-P/01 - Economia Politica, MCC, Computer. Automation, Psykologi (exklusive tillämpad psykologi), DAS, Health Care Service and Management, Health Policy and Services and Health Economy, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science, Psychology (excluding Applied Psychology), machine learning, Settore SECS-P/03 - Scienza delle Finanze, 5171 Political Science, Human medicine, COVID-19, social distancing, hygiene, policy support, public health measures
Abstract

At the beginning of 2020, COVID-19 became a global problem. Despite all the efforts to emphasize the relevance of preventive measures, not everyone adhered to them. Thus, learning more about the characteristics determining attitudinal and behavioral responses to the pandemic is crucial to improving future interventions. In this study, we applied machine learning on the multinational data collected by the International Collaboration on the Social and Moral Psychology of COVID-19 (N = 51,404) to test the predictive efficacy of constructs from social, moral, cognitive, and personality psychology, as well as socio-demographic factors, in the attitudinal and behavioral responses to the pandemic. The results point to several valuable insights. Internalized moral identity provided the most consistent predictive contribution—individuals perceiving moral traits as central to their self-concept reported higher adherence to preventive measures. Similar results were found for morality as cooperation, symbolized moral identity, self-control, open-mindedness, and collective narcissism, while the inverse relationship was evident for the endorsement of conspiracy theories. However, we also found a non-neglible variability in the explained variance and predictive contributions with respect to macro-level factors such as the pandemic stage or cultural region. Overall, the results underscore the importance of morality-related and contextual factors in understanding adherence to public health recommendations during the pandemic., PNAS Nexus, 1 (3), ISSN:2752-6542

Published
2022
Full Text
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3. A Weakly Supervised Dataset of Fine-Grained Emotions in Portuguese

Author

Diogo Cortiz, Jefferson O. Silva, Newton Calegari, Ana Luísa Freitas, Ana Angélica Soares, Carolina Botelho, Gabriel Gaudencio Rêgo, Waldir Sampaio, and Paulo Sergio Boggio

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, ComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITION, Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computation and Language (cs.CL)
Abstract

Affective Computing is the study of how computers can recognize, interpret and simulate human affects. Sentiment Analysis is a common task inNLP related to this topic, but it focuses only on emotion valence (positive, negative, neutral). An emerging approach in NLP is Emotion Recognition, which relies on fined-grained classification. This research describes an approach to create a lexical-based weakly supervised corpus for fine-grained emotion in Portuguese. We evaluated our dataset by fine-tuning a transformer-based language model (BERT) and validating it on a Gold Standard annotated validation set. Our results (F1-score=.64) suggest lexical-based weak supervision as an appropriate strategy for initial work in low resourced environment., Paper published at Symposium in Information and Human Language Technology (STIL 2021)

Published
2021

4. Mind Wandering and Task-Focused Attention: ERP Correlates

Author

Paulo S. Boggio, Jorge Leite, Gabriel Gaudencio Rêgo, Tatiana Conde, Olivia Morgan Lapenta, Sandra Carvalho, Óscar F. Gonçalves, and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
Adult, Male, Ciências Médicas::Ciências da Saúde, Ciências da Saúde [Ciências Médicas], lcsh:Medicine, Neuropsychological Tests, Wandering Behavior, Electroencephalography, Article, 050105 experimental psychology, Task (project management), Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Orientation (mental), Attention network, Task Performance and Analysis, Mind-wandering, medicine, Humans, Attention, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, lcsh:Science, Orientation, Spatial, Science & Technology, Multidisciplinary, medicine.diagnostic_test, Resting state fMRI, lcsh:R, 05 social sciences, Neurophysiology, 16. Peace & justice, Healthy Volunteers, Behavioral data, lcsh:Q, Female, Cues, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

Previous studies looking at how Mind Wandering (MW) impacts performance in distinct Focused Attention (FA) systems, using the Attention Network Task (ANT), showed that the presence of pure MW thoughts did not impact the overall performance of ANT (alert, orienting and conflict) performance. However, it still remains unclear if the lack of interference of MW in the ANT, reported at the behavioral level, has a neurophysiological correspondence. We hypothesize that a distinct cortical processing may be required to meet attentional demands during MW. The objective of the present study was to test if, given similar levels of ANT performance, individuals predominantly focusing on MW or FA show distinct cortical processing. Thirty-three healthy participants underwent an EEG high-density acquisition while they were performing the ANT. MW was assessed following the ANT using an adapted version of the Resting State Questionnaire (ReSQ). The following ERP's were analyzed: pN1, pP1, P1, N1, pN, and P3. At the behavioral level, participants were slower and less accurate when responding to incongruent than to congruent targets (conflict effect), benefiting from the presentation of the double (alerting effect) and spatial (orienting effect) cues. Consistent with the behavioral data, ERP's waves were discriminative of distinct attentional effects. However, these results remained true irrespective of the MW condition, suggesting that MW imposed no additional cortical demand in alert, orienting, and conflict attention tasks., Acknowledgements Óscar F. Gonçalves was funded by the Brazilian National Counsel for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) as a Special Visiting Researcher of the Science Without Borders program (401143/2014-7). Paulo S Boggio was funded by a CNPq researcher fellowship (311641/2015-6). Olivia Morgan Lapenta and Tatiana Conde were supported by two postdoctoral grants from CNPq (150249/2017-9 and 152358/2016-1). Sandra Carvalho was funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) with the grant IF/00091/2015. Gabriel Rêgo was supported by a PhD grant from Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP-2015/18713-9). This work was partially supported by FEDER funds through the Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade – COMPETE and by national funds through FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (P2020-PTDC/MHC-PCN/3950/2014)., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Published
2018

5. Is the relationship between mind wandering and attention culture-specific?

Author

Gabriel Gaudencio Rêgo, Edson Amaro, Óscar F. Gonçalves, Patrícia Oliveira-Silva, Sandra Carvalho, Paulo S. Boggio, Felipe Fregni, Julia de Souza-Queiroz, Jorge Leite, and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
Cognitive science, Consciousness, General Neuroscience, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Culture, Mind wandering, Cognition, 050105 experimental psychology, Attention network task, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Consciousness states, Mind-wandering, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Attention, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology, media_common
Abstract

There is increasing evidence that both mind wandering (MW) and attention are influenced by culture. However, studies on the interference between MW and attention across cultures are virtually nonexistent. Here we researched how individuals from 2 cultures (Portuguese, Brazilian) differ in terms of type of thoughts and content of MW during the course of the attention network task (ANT). Additionally, we tested the existence of culture-specific associations between type of thoughts and content of mind wandering and each component of the attention network system (alert, orienting, executive). No statistically significant differences were found between Brazilian and Portuguese participants in terms of nature and content of mind-wandering thoughts. Both groups tended to be predominantly involved in task-related interference thoughts during the attention task. At the end of the task, both groups reported having been predominantly out of focus, dominated mostly by inner language thoughts. Despite the similarities, the type of thoughts and content of MW seemed to affect performance in the attention task differently in each group. First, and regarding ANT overall performance, only Portuguese had a significantly facilitating effect in response time associated with task-interfering thoughts. Second, regarding ANT network e ffects, Portuguese participants, when compared with Brazilians, seemed to be more sensitive to orientation cues in all thought conditions, benefited more from alerting cues when they reported on-task thoughts, and took better advantage of mind wandering to reduce attentional conflict., Uminho - Universidade do Minho(401143/2014-7), This study was partially conducted at the Psychology Research Centre (UID/PSI/01662/2013), University of Minho, and supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology and cofinanced by FEDER through COMPETE2020 under the PT2020 (Grant POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007653). Paulo S. Boggio is a CNPq researcher fellow (Grant 311641/2015-6). Gabriel Rêgo was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (PhD Grant FAPESP2015/18713-9)., info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Published
2017

6. Transcranial direct current stimulation based metaplasticity protocols in working memory

Author

Marisa Faria, Paulo S. Boggio, Soraia Micaela Silva, Sandra Carvalho, Jorge Leite, Óscar F. Gonçalves, Felipe Fregni, Ana Rita Vigário, Gabriel Gaudencio Rêgo, and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
Male, Time Factors, medicine.medical_treatment, Biophysics, Prefrontal Cortex, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation, DLPFC, lcsh:RC321-571, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Cognition, Memory, Metaplasticity, Neuroplasticity, medicine, Humans, Cognitive skill, Pre-conditioning and conditioning tDCS, Prefrontal cortex, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, 030304 developmental biology, n-back, 0303 health sciences, Neuronal Plasticity, Science & Technology, Transcranial direct-current stimulation, Working memory, General Neuroscience, N-Back, fungi, food and beverages, Memory, Short-Term, Short-Term, Female, Neurology (clinical), Psychology, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

It has been already shown that delivering tDCS that are spaced by an interval alters its impact on motor plasticity. These effects can be explained, based on metaplasticity in which a previous modification of activity in a neuronal network can change the effects of subsequent interventions in the same network. But to date there is limited data assessing metaplasticity effects in cognitive functioning., This work was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) with two individual grants (SFRH/BPD/86041/2012 and SFRH/BPD/86027/2012).

Published
2015

7. Hemispheric dorsolateral prefrontal cortex lateralization in the regulation of empathy for pain

Author

Óscar F. Gonçalves, Paulo S. Boggio, Felipe Fregni, Olivia Morgan Lapenta, Jorge Leite, Andre R. Brunoni, Sandra Carvalho, Thiago Leiros Costa, Lucas Miranda Marques, Gabriel Gaudencio Rêgo, and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_treatment, Emotions, Audiology, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation, Prefrontal cortex, Functional Laterality, media_common, Physical pain, Transcranial direct-current stimulation, General Neuroscience, Visual perception, Sadness, medicine.anatomical_structure, Visual Perception, Female, Transcranial direct current stimulation, Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, Psychology, Arousal, psychological phenomena and processes, Cognitive psychology, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Photic stimulation, media_common.quotation_subject, Prefrontal Cortex, Pain, Empathy, behavioral disciplines and activities, Lateralization of brain function, Young Adult, Double-Blind Method, mental disorders, medicine, Functional laterality, Humans, Science & Technology, Emotion regulation, Pupil dilation, Pupil, Affect, Young adult, Pain empathy, Photic Stimulation, Double-blind Method
Abstract

The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is involved in the cognitive appraisal and modulation of the pain experience. In this sham-controlled study, with healthy volunteers, we used bi-hemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the DLPFC to assess emotional reactions elicited by pain observation. Left-cathodal/right-anodal tDCS decreased valence and arousal evaluations compared to other tDCS conditions. Compared to sham condition, both left-cathodal/right-anodal and left-anodal/right-cathodal tDCS decreased hostility, sadness and self-pain perception. These decreased sensations after both active tDCS suggest a common role for left and right DLPFC in personal distress modulation. However, the differences in arousal and valence evaluations point to distinct roles of lateralized DLPFC in cognitive empathy, probably through distinct emotion regulation mechanisms., This experiment was supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq-480891/2012-5). LMM is supported by a scientific initiation grant (CNPq – 160553/2013-0). OML is supported by a FAPESP PhD grant (FAPESP – 2012/24696-1). PSB is a CNPq research fellow (304164/2012-7).

Published
2015

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