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Background During pregnancy, the requirements of essential nutrients for the mother and foetus increase. The changes in pregnant women's eating behaviours may vary according to their sociodemographic characteristics. It is important to meet these increased requirements and understand the factors influencing eating habits during pregnancy. Objectives This study aimed to determine the effects of changes in pregnant women's eating attitudes and behaviours and their sociodemographic characteristics on their meeting status for nutrient recommendations. Methods Sociodemographic information, eating behaviours, and attitudes of 656 pregnant women were obtained in face-to-face interviews between February and June 2020. Food consumption records were taken with a 24-hour recall method and evaluated according to the estimated average requirement value. Results The average age of pregnant women was 29.0 ± 5.2 years, 28.0% were high school graduates, and 69.2% were non-working. The frequency of intakes below the estimated mean requirement value were iron, folic acid, vitamin B6, niacin, and calcium. It was demonstrated that there was a significant difference in snack consumption based on the working status and nutrition information obtained (P  < .05). Getting nutrition information, age, education level, working status, and pre-pregnancy body mass index significantly increased food consumption (P  < .05). Conclusion Inadequate nutrient intake is a common public health problem in pregnant women. It is necessary to identify the sociodemographic characteristics that negatively impact pregnant women's nutritional status and to develop nutrition and health education programs based on these features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine the effect of UVB application on different mushrooms and their antioxidant properties and compare their properties with pure vitamins D2 and D3. In the study, as without UVB, with medium UVB and with high UVB, respectively; 3 ethanol extracts each from White button (E1, E2 and E3), Shiitake (E4, E5 and E6) and King oyster mushroom (E7, E8 and E9) were prepared. The antioxidant activities of the samples were compared with pure vitamin D2 and D3 solutions using DPPH, FRAP, and CUPRAC methods. The results show that vitamins D2 (0.277 mMFeSO4/mg extract) and D3 (0.380 mMFeSO4/mg extract) had the highest FRAP values. In mushroom species, it was determined that E3 (0.216 mMFeSO4/mg extract) and E9 (0.273 mMFeSO4/mg extract) mushroom extracts showed higher activity. Similarly, it was detected that vitamins D2 (0.609 mMrolox equivalent/mg extract) and D3 (1.149 mMrolox equivalent/mg extract) had the highest CUPRAC values. In mushroom species, E3 (0.324 mMrolox equivalent/mg extract) and E9 (0.292 mMrolox equivalent/mg extract) extracts had the highest CUPRAC values. According to the DPPH experiment, E6 (IC50:0.386 mg/ml) and E9 (IC50:0.411mg/ml) extracts showed stronger free radical scavenging activity compared to other extracts, while vitamin D forms showed lower activity than mushroom extracts. Ultimately, it was concluded that the antioxidant properties of mushrooms were positively influenced by the application of UVB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chewing difficulty, poor oral health, inadequate and imbalanced nutrition are serious health problems in individuals with intellectual disabilities. The participants' chewing abilities, oral health and nutritional status were analysed in this study. Methods: Forty‐five adult participants with intellectual disabilities were included. Anthropometric measurements, oral health assessments, chewing ability evaluations and dietary intake analyses were conducted. Results: A 56.8% of the participants were classified as overweight or obese. Teeth grinding was reported in 33.3% of the participants, while 40.0% experienced drooling. All participants with Down syndrome and 58.6% of the participants with developmental delay had chewing difficulties. Inadequate nutrient intake was observed and the fibre, vitamins B1, B3, B9, sodium, phosphorus and iron intakes were significantly lower than reference values in those with chewing difficulty (p <.05). Conclusions: Chewing difficulties were associated with lower intake of certain nutrients, highlighting the importance of addressing oral health and dietary counselling in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dyslipidemia is strongly related to metabolic-dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Therefore, the lipid profile may be a potential indicator of defining MAFLD. Anthropometric measurements are widely used as simple and practicable tools to screen metabolic dysfunction, and no study determined the relationship between anthropometric measurements and blood lipid-related indexes. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between several anthropometric measurements and blood lipid-related indexes in MAFLD patients. This study was conducted among 123 MAFLD patients in a private University Hospital in Istanbul, Turkey, between 01.06.2021 -- 30.12.2021. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were taken from all patients. Hepatic steatosis was determined using ultrasonography. SPSS was used to analyze the data. Neck circumference (NC) was moderately associated with triglyceride glucose index (TyG) in both genders. It was found that there was a moderate correlation between NC and cardiometabolic index (CMI), triglyceride (TG), and triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein ratio (TG/HDL-C) in women, whereas it was weakly correlated with CMI index in men. Neck-to-height ratio (NHtR) was moderately associated with CMI, and TyG indexes in women, while it was weakly correlated with TyG index in men. There was a moderate association between waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) in women. However, it was only weakly correlated with CMI index in men. It was observed that the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) was only linked with TyG index in men. Additionally, the body mass index (BMI) and blood lipid-related indicators had no association. Our finding suggests that both NC and NHtR could be used to predict the risk of dyslipidemia in MAFLD, especially among women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) on the dietary intake of Turkish school-aged children. Fifty randomly selected students aged 7–12 from urban areas of Istanbul were included in this study. An FFQ, containing a list of 138 frequently consumed foods was developed. Dietary records (DRs) including three days, and FFQs were collected during autumn and spring. Daily consumption of each food group was assessed and the nutrient compositions of diet were calculated. The Pearson correlation coefficient, weighted kappa, the Bland-Altman scatter plots between averages of the reported (FFQ) and the references method (DR) were used as validity coefficient.

Background/aim: This study aimed to determine the proliferation and apoptotic effects of extracts from Cornus mas L. and Berberis vulgaris fruits on human breast cancer cells (MCF-7). Materials and methods: The Cornus mas L. and Berberis vulgaris fruits, which constitute the herbal material of the study, were turned into 80% acetone extract after washing. The total phenolic content in Berberis vulgaris fruit extracts was determined calorimetrically using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The spectrophotometric method was used to determine the total flavonoid amount of the extracts. In order to measure the antioxidant capacity of Cornus mas L. and Berberis vulgaris fruits and extracts, DPPH Radical Scavenging Power test and Cu (II) ion reducing antioxidant capacity method were applied. Cell viability rates were determined by the XTT method. Flow cytometric measurement was performed to examine the apoptotic role of the extracts in the cell by using the Annexin-V/7-AAD commercial kit. Results: According to the data, Berberis vulgaris fruit extract appeared more effective on MCF-7 breast cancer cells in both 24 and 48 hours of exposure. Analyses made to examine the phenolic component and antioxidant capacity properties of the fruits used in the study and the results we encountered when we exposed the cell were found to be compatible with each other. Annexin-V/7-AAD method showed that the apoptotic effects of the extracts in 48 hour exposures were more effective. Conclusion: It has been determined that Cornus mas L. and Berberis vulgaris fruits, which are rich in phenolic components with high flavonoid content and high antioxidant capacities, support the apoptosis of cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between neck circumference (NC), other anthropometric measurements, and metabolic parameters in women with insulin resistance (IR). Methods: This study is a descriptive study carried out with volunteer female patients with IR who applied to the obesity outpatient clinic at a tertiary hospital. Patients with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) ≥2.5 were included. A demographic questionnaire was applied, and anthropometric measurements, such as height, weight, body fat mass, body muscle mass, NC, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference, and middle-upper arm circumference, and body mass index (BMI), were all carried out by the researchers. Metabolic parameters were obtained from the patients’ files after the necessary permission had been received. Results: A total of 105 patients were included in this study. The mean NC was found to be 37.2±3.1 cm. NC showed a moderately positive correlation with BMI, WC, and body muscle mass (kg) (r=0.568, p<0.001; r=0.572, p<0.001; and r=0.589, p<0.001, respectively). It was also found that NC correlated positively with C-peptide, HOMA-IR, and triglyceride (r=0.194 p=0.048; r=0.199 p=0.043; and r=0.201, p=0.040, respectively). An association was found between NC and HOMA-IR after adjusting for age, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with multiple linear regression analysis (p=0.027). Conclusion: In conclusion, the NC of women with IR has a correlation with other anthropometric measurements as well as some metabolic parameters. When consulting IR patients, all anthropometric measurements should be recorded, including NC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Failure to maintain blood sugar control over a long period of time in diabetic patients may cause impairment of kidney functions. In addition to uremic symptoms, impaired glucose metabolism causes difficulties in obtaining adequate nutrition. The aim of this study is to determine the possible impact of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) on the nutritional status of hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods: Patients between the ages of 18-65 who received HD treatment regularly were included in this study. A demographic characteristics questionnaire was applied to the patients and two 24-hour food recall records were obtained. The patient's height, dry weight and fluid gain were taken from their files. Results: This study was conducted with a total of 275 HD patients, 33.1% with and 66.9% without diabetes. The median values of dietary energy (18.2 kcal/kg), carbohydrate (2.1 g/kg), protein (46.2 g/kg) and fat (0.7 g/kg) intake of the non-diabetic group was found to be higher (p<0.05). The median of BMI was found higher in the T2DM group than the non-diabetic group (p<0.05). A weak positive correlation was found between the duration of HD (years) and carbohydrate intake in patients with T2DM (p<0.05) and a very weak positive correlation between the hemoglobin levels and duration of hemodialysis in the non-diabetic group (p<0.05). Conclusions: In this study, it was determined that although HD patients with T2DM have less energy intake, their BMI was higher; in addition, over time, a decrease in dietary compliance triggers a deterioration in biochemical parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate the nutritional status of patients with stage 3 and 4 diabetic nephropathy (DN) and to explain the effect of DN stages on the prognosis of protein-energy wasting (PEW). METHODS: Data from demographic characteristics, nutritional habits, anthropometric measurements, biochemical findings and food consumption records of 49 patients (25 DN stage 3; 24 DN stage 4) who were followed at Marmara University(M.U.) Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Department of Nephrology were collected. To evaluate the nutritional status of patients, SubjectiveGlobal Assessment (SGA) screening tool and to determine the PEW, the criteria of the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM) were used. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0 program. This study was approved by the M.U. Faculty of Medicine Clinical Research Ethics Committee (09.2018.800). RESULTS: 56% of stage 3DN group and 66.7% of stage 4DN group have been diagnosed with diabetes for more than 15 years. Anthropometric measurements (total body weight, muscle weight) were different between the groups (p<0.05). The creatinine and microalbuminuria levels of the stage 3DN group were lower than the stage 4DN group; eGFR values were higher (p<0.05). Energy (kcal/day), carbohydrate (g/day) and fat (g/day) intakes did not differ between the groups, while protein (g/kg) intakes were different (p<0.05). In both groups, most of the patients had the SGA-A score (well-nourished). The PEW incidence was lower in the stage 3DN group (p<0.05). According to SGA data, the PEW incidence was found to be higher in patients with moderatelymalnourished nutritional status (SGA-B score) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In patients with stage 3 and 4DN, daily energy, protein and fat intakes are lower than recommended, but carbohydrate intakes are high. According to the ISRNM criteria, PEW is observed at a higher rate as the disease stage progresses. According to the SGA results, moderatelymalnourished patients have a higher rate of PEW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine the effect of UVB application on different mushrooms and their antioxidant properties and compare their properties with pure vitamins D2 and D3. In the study, as without UVB, with medium UVB and with high UVB, respectively; 3 ethanol extracts each from White button (E1, E2 and E3), Shiitake (E4, E5 and E6) and King oyster mushroom (E7, E8 and E9) were prepared. The antioxidant activities of the samples were compared with pure vitamin D2 and D3 solutions using DPPH, FRAP, and CUPRAC methods. The results show that vitamins D2 (0.277 mMFeSO4/mg extract) and D3 (0.380 mMFeSO4/mg extract) had the highest FRAP values. In mushroom species, it was determined that E3 (0.216 mMFeSO4/mg extract) and E9 (0.273 mMFeSO4/mg extract) mushroom extracts showed higher activity. Similarly, it was detected that vitamins D2 (0.609 mMrolox equivalent/mg extract) and D3 (1.149 mMrolox equivalent/mg extract) had the highest CUPRAC values. In mushroom species, E3 (0.324 mMrolox equivalent/mg extract) and E9 (0.292 mMrolox equivalent/mg extract) extracts had the highest CUPRAC values. According to the DPPH experiment, E6 (IC50:0.386 mg/ml) and E9 (IC50:0.411mg/ml) extracts showed stronger free radical scavenging activity compared to other extracts, while vitamin D forms showed lower activity than mushroom extracts. Ultimately, it was concluded that the antioxidant properties of mushrooms were positively influenced by the application of UVB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the changes in nutritional status, chewing ability and oral health-related quality of life in edentulous individuals who have initially been rehabilitated with immediate complete dentures (CD) which are then transformed to implant-supported overdentures (IOD) after a period of osseointegration., Background: Compared to those with conventional dentures, individuals with IODs exhibit improved patient-reported outcomes, chewing capacity and biting force. While prior research highlights differences in nutritional markers between these groups, there is limited investigation into intra-individual changes in nutritional status, chewing ability and oral health-related quality of life during the transition from CDs to IODs., Materials and Methods: Edentulous individuals aged 50 years or older and needing oral rehabilitation with IODs were eligible for this prospective study. The primary outcome measure was the nutritional status as measured by the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire and chewing ability questionnaire represented secondary outcome measures. These measures were assessed at baseline (T0), 3-month follow-up after application of the CD (T1), and 3- and 6-month follow-up after the CD had been transformed to IOD (T2 and T3). Statistical analyses used repeated measures ANOVA or the Friedman test for OHIP-14 and MNA scores, with logistic regression used for malnutrition risk., Results: Thirty-five participants were included in the final analysis. MNA scores significantly worsened from the baseline to the 3-month follow-up after the application of the CD. There was no significant change in nutritional status between baseline and the IOD 3- and 6-month follow-up appointment. IODs led to significant improvements in the OHIP total score at both the 3- and 6-month follow-ups (p < 0.001, W = 0.60) with a strong effect size. Difficulty in chewing decreased significantly, affecting 91.4% of participants at baseline, which reduced to 51.4% (18/35) by the 6th month., Conclusion: Implant-supported overdentures do not influence nutritional status, but they improve chewing ability and oral-health related quality of life in older adults., (© 2024 Gerodontology Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)