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Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP) is a critical conservation area with high biodiversity, providing essential ecosystem services, including climate regulation. This research aims to analyze Internal Strategic Factors (IFAS) and External Strategic Factors (EFAS) and determine appropriate strategies in the management of nature tourism and non-timber forest products to support the protection of the GLNP buffer area in climate change mitigation. This research uses SWOT analysis and Focus Group Discussions (FGD). The research results show an IFAS of 0.82 and an EFAS 1.55. The final IFAS and EFAS scores based on the SWOT diagram are in Quadrant I, indicating that strengths and opportunities are high, and weaknesses and threats are low in terms of managing natural tourism and non-timber forest products to support the protection of the GLNP in mitigating change climate. The research highlights the importance of involving local stakeholders, implementing community-based conservation initiatives, and leveraging traditional knowledge to foster sustainable practices. The findings suggest that a balanced approach, combining conservation efforts with economic incentives, is vital for enhancing the resilience of GLNP’s buffer zones against climate change impacts. This study contributes to the broader discourse on climate change mitigation by offering actionable strategies for sustainable development.

This article contains the results of research with a purpose to determine the farmer’s entrepreneurial character, the profits, and analyze the entrepreneurial character that influencing the profits of shallot farming in coastal lands, Panjatan District, Kulon Progo. The sampling technique used is simple random sampling. This research was conducted using descriptive quantitative analysis. Determination of respondents by simple random sampling as many as 40 farmers among 76 farmers who planted shallots on coastal land during the study. The entrepreneurial character analysis uses an assessment based on the Likert scale, while analyzing the entrepreneurial character that affects the profits of shallot farming using multiple linear regression. The result of research shows that the entrepreneurial character score is 3.17. Internal factors show the score obtained is 3.14. External factors score is 3.54. The shallot farming analysis shows that the total costs are IDR 5,290,619 per 1,000 m2, Revenue IDR 7,312,625 per 1,000 m2. Income IDR 1,529,897 per 1,000 m2, and Profit IDR 2,022,006 per 1,000 m2. Multiple linear regression analysis shows that entrepreneurial character factors that have a significant effect on profit are facing change. The conclusion obtained is that entrepreneurial character analysis has a strong category.

This study aims to know the entrepreneurial character of farmers, analyze farm performance, and analyze the relationship between entrepreneurial character of farmers and business performance of rice farming in Sewon District. The sample in this study was a rice farmer on a Sewon District as many 40 people were taken proportional random sampling. To analyze the entrepreneurial character using descriptive analysis based on data that has been analyzed with an assessment using a Likert scale. Farming performance is measured by using income and profit. Then to find out the relationship of entrepreneurial character of farmers and performance of rice farming using Spearman Rank correlation analysis. The result of the analysis show that the entrepreneurial character of rice farmer in Sewon District is included in the strong category with a percentage score of 84%. Farming rice in Sewon District in the 2021 planting season generates an income of IDR 6,334,762 and a profit of IDR 5,891,198 so that the farm is feasible to operate. The entrepreneurial character of farmers has a positive relationship with the performance of rice farming in Sewon District Bantul Regency.

This study aimed to clarify the vegetation history of planted forests that are still in use today by comparing the types of land afforested in 1960 with the post-war afforestation period in Japan's Hokkaido, Kyushu, and Kinki regions. It was during that time that the majority of the planted forest in these regions was established. We calculated the afforestation ratios (afforested area of each type of land/total afforested area) for the smallest survey unit, the 1950 administrative sections, using data from the 1960 World Agriculture and Forestry Census on the afforested areas of various types of land (i.e., deforested areas resulting from natural forests, deforested areas resulting from planted forests, and areas other than forests). The afforestation ratios were then sorted into ten categories for each municipality in the three regions and mapped using GIS. The analysis results showed that the vegetation history in Kyushu, even within the same municipality, was frequently mixed in 1960; in Hokkaido, the afforestation ratio for deforested areas resulting from natural forests was extremely high, while the afforestation ratio for deforested areas resulting from planted forests was low. In contrast, the Kinki region has a low afforestation ratio for non-forest regions. This study provides useful information for ecosystem management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frequent torrential rainfall disasters have occurred worldwide in recent years. In Japan, the Northern Kyushu Torrential Rainfall disaster in July 2017 caused extensive damage to Fukuoka and Oita prefectures and significantly impacted local landscapes, from which residents derive pride and identity and, hence, are of the utmost importance. Local communities in Japan are also at risk of extinction due to progressive depopulation. This study discusses community revitalization through landscape creation and related challenges based on the case of the Hiraenoki Community affected by the Northern Kyushu Torrential Rainfall disaster. We conducted long-term participant observations over two years and semi-structured interviews with all households in the community. We found that the landscape project revitalized local pride and involved numerous people outside the community, including the prefectural extension center, university, and Non-Profit Organization (NPO), and provided them with an opportunity to connect. On the other hand, our investigation also revealed the danger of obscuring the original purpose of reconstruction activities because of collaboration with outsiders. This case study elucidates the possibilities and challenges of resident-led reconstruction activities in communities that are facing depopulation and aging problems and are working with organizations within and outside the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We challenged the stabilization of a G‐protein coupled receptor (GPCR) in the active state solely by multiple amino‐acid mutations without the agonist binding. For many GPCRs, the free energy of the active state is higher than that of the inactive state. When the inactive state is stabilized through the lowering of its free energy, the apparent midpoint temperature of thermal denaturation Tm exhibits a significant increase. However, this is not always the case for the stabilization of the active state. We constructed a modified version of our methodology combining statistical thermodynamics and evolutionary molecular engineering, which was recently developed for the inactive state. First, several residues to be mutated are determined using our statistical‐thermodynamics theory. Second, a gene (mutant) library is constructed using Escherichia coli cells to efficiently explore most of the mutational space. Third, for the mutant screening, the mutants prepared in accordance with the library are expressed in engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae YB14 cells which can grow only when a GPCR mutant stabilized in the active state has signaling function. For the adenosine A2A receptor tested, the methodology enabled us to sort out two triple mutants and a double mutant. It was experimentally corroborated that all the mutants exhibit much higher binding affinity for G protein than the wild type. Analyses indicated that the mutations make the structural characteristics shift toward those of the active state. However, only slight increases in Tm resulted from the mutations, suggesting the unsuitability of Tm to the stability measure for the active state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three-dimensional images of the undercoat structure on the cytoplasmic surface of the upper cell membrane of normal rat kidney fibroblast (NRK) cells and fetal rat skin keratinocytes were reconstructed by electron tomography, with 0.85-nm--thick consecutive sections made ~100 nm from the cytoplasmic surface using rapidly frozen, deeply etched, platinum-replicated plasma membranes. The membrane skeleton (MSK) primarily consists of actin filaments and associated proteins. The MSK covers the entire cytoplasmic surface and is closely linked to clathrin-coated pits and caveolae. The actin filaments that are closely apposed to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane (within 10.2 nm) are likely to form the boundaries of the membrane compartments responsible for the temporary confinement of membrane molecules, thus partitioning the plasma membrane with regard to their lateral diffusion. The distribution of the MSK mesh size as determined by electron tomography and that of the compartment size as determined from high speed single-particle tracking of phospholipid diffusion agree well in both cell types, supporting the MSK fence and MSK-anchored protein picket models.

Agroforestry has long been considered one of the most important land-use practices for conserving species while also meeting the fundamental requirements of millions of poor people in developing countries. Thus, the objective of the study was to determine the impacts of agroforestry practices on the livelihood development of rural farmers and biodiversity conservation potency in the Madhupur tract, Bangladesh. The study was conducted in the Madhupur tract, a famous agroforestry region in Bangladesh, using a mix-method approach to data collection, such as face-to-face interviews of 100 agroforestry farmers for livelihood analysis and using sampling techniques across 50 quadrats (20 m × 20 m) for measuring biodiversity. The results showed that the agroforestry practices significantly increased farm income and provided more benefits to rural farmers. Agroforestry farmers were able to build a social platform while simultaneously increasing their capability through training programs. As a result, the development of agroforestry farmers' livelihood capital was significant. At the same time, the agroforestry practices introduced 34 plant species into the bare forestland and, therefore, provided higher-quality habitats for biodiversity conservation. The fast-growing tree species, mainly Acacia (diversity index of 0.366), in association with partial shade-loving crops such as pineapple, turmeric, and ginger, were the most dominant species in the agroforestry practices of the Madhupur tract. The study also revealed that agroforestry serves as a wildlife corridor and attracts birds for feeding and breeding. Finally, the agroforestry of the Madhupur tract is a viable land-use practice for biodiversity conservation and livelihood development of rural farmers in Bangladesh, and it is highly suggested that it be strengthened and disseminated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]