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1. Reply to: Shark mortality cannot be assessed by fishery overlap alone

Author

Emily R. Nelson, Demian D. Chapman, Robert E. Hueter, Fabien Forget, Michele Thums, Mark G. Meekan, Laurent Dagorn, Pedro Afonso, Marcus Sheaves, Robert Harcourt, Charlie Huveneers, Jaime D. McAllister, Marisa Vedor, Alison V. Towner, James S. E. Lea, Sarika Singh, Ramón Bonfil, Nigel E. Hussey, Hector M. Guzman, Eric Clua, Felipe Ladino, Matthew Heard, Diego Bernal, Alex Hearn, John R. M. Chisholm, Warrick S. Lyon, Neil Hammerschlag, Laurenne B. Snyders, Taylor K. Chapple, Paulo Travassos, Sam B. Weber, Frederic Vandeperre, Estelle Crochelet, Clare A. Keating Daly, Patricia Zarate, Enrico Gennari, Cesar Peñaherrera-Palma, Mark E. Bond, Luciana C. Ferreira, Nuno Queiroz, Timothy D. White, Johan A. Gustafson, Graeme C. Hays, Luke Harman, David M. P. Jacoby, Jonathan Green, Francesco Ferretti, Lance K. B. Jordan, Fiona Llewellyn, André S. Afonso, Bonnie J. Holmes, Ryan Johnson, Simon D. Goldsworthy, Ana M. M. Sequeira, Natalia P. A. Bezerra, Steven E. Campana, Malcolm J. Smale, Bradley M. Wetherbee, J.B. Brown, Ana Rita Couto, Michael L. Berumen, Christopher R. Clarke, James T. Ketchum, Austin J. Gallagher, Nicolas E. Humphries, Ivo da Costa, Matthew Gollock, Sean Williams, Ryan Daly, Paul J. Rogers, Simon Pierce, Sandra Bessudo Lion, Samantha J. Simpson, Kilian M. Stehfest, Eduardo Espinoza, Emily J. Southall, Thomas K. Doyle, Marc Soria, Mariana Travassos Tolotti, Yannis P. Papastamatiou, Francois Poisson, Michael E. Byrne, Kátya G. Abrantes, Yuuki Y. Watanabe, Dylan T. Irion, Annabelle Brooks, Anna MacDonnell, Clinton A. J. Duffy, Warren Joyce, Alison A. Kock, Jayson M. Semmens, Michael A. Meÿer, Bruno C. L. Macena, G. Chris Fischer, Richard Fitzpatrick, Mauricio Hoyos, Camrin D. Braun, Carlos M. Duarte, Gonzalo Araujo, Fábio H. V. Hazin, Lara L. Sousa, Jorge Fontes, Mark Fowler, David Rowat, David Acuña-Marrero, Pieter Koen, Gonzalo Mucientes, Randall Arauz, John C. Holdsworth, Aaron B. Carlisle, John J. Morris, Thor Erikson, Adam Barnett, Barry D. Bruce, Daniel Devia Cortés, António M. Santos, Michael E. Drew, Jesse E. M. Cochran, Francisco J. Abascal, Edward J. Brooks, Fernanda O. Lana, Mahmood S. Shivji, Xabier Irigoien, Darrell Anders, Tristan L. Guttridge, Melita Samoilys, David W. Sims, Oliver J. D. Jewell, Lina Maria Quintero, Gregory B. Skomal, Christoph A. Rohner, Barbara A. Block, Pascal Bach, Malcolm P. Francis, German Soler, Debra L. Abercrombie, Simon R. Thorrold, A. Peter Klimley, John P. Tyminski, Russell W. Bradford, John D. Filmalter, Antonin V. Blaison, Heather Marshall, Víctor M. Eguíluz, Jeremy J. Vaudo, George L. Shillinger, Lucy A. Howey, Andrew J. Richardson, Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas [Horta], Instituto do Mar - Universidade dos Açores (IMAR-UAc), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR), University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), University of Iceland [Reykjavik], School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences [Stony Brook] (SoMAS), Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Zoological Society of London - ZSL (UNITED KINGDOM), Physique et mécanique des milieux hétérogenes (UMR 7636) (PMMH), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Flinders University of South Australia, James Cook University (JCU), Nova Southeastern University (NSU), Biology Department (WHOI), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Universidade dos Açores, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Macquarie University [Sydney], Australian Institute of Marine Science [Perth] (AIMS Perth), Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science, and King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Conservation of Natural Resources, Automatic Identification System, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Fishing, Fisheries, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, survival, ecological risk-assessment, law.invention, Longline fishing, caught, law, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Multidisciplinary, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Regression analysis, Pelagic zone, Catch per unit effort, Fishery, Geography, Habitat, Seafood, Sharks, Conservation biology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

REPLYING TO H. Murua et al. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03396-4 (2021) Our previously published paper1 provided global fine-scale spatiotemporal estimates (1° × 1°; monthly) of overlap and fishing exposure risk (FEI) between satellite-tracked shark space use and automatic identification system (AIS) longline fishing effort. We did not assess shark mortality directly, but in addition to replying to the Comment by Murua et al.2, we confirm—using regression analysis of spatially matched data—that fishing-induced pelagic shark mortality (catch per unit effort (CPUE)) is greater where FEI is higher. We focused on assessing shark horizontal spatiotemporal overlap and exposure risk with fisheries because spatial overlap is a major driver of fishing capture susceptibility and previous shark ecological risk assessments (ERAs) assumed a homogenous shark density within species-range distributions3,4,5 or used coarse-scale modelled occurrence data, rather than more ecologically realistic risk estimates in heterogeneous habitats that were selected by sharks over time. Furthermore, our shark spatial exposure risk implicitly accounts for other susceptibility factors with equal or similar probabilities to those commonly used in shark ERAs3,5.

Published
2021
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2. New technologies to improve bycatch mitigation in industrial tuna fisheries

Author

Francois Poisson, Michael K. Musyl, Takahito Kojima, Pierre Budan, Eric Gilman, Sylvain Coudray, Tsutomu Takagi, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), and Hawaii Pacific University

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), Emerging technologies, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, deep learning, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, behaviour, Bycatch, Fishery, ethology, 040102 fisheries, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, 14. Life underwater, Business, eDNA, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Tuna, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, capture process
Abstract

\ₑprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/faf.12631; For many years, tremendous effort has been dedicated to developing new industrial tuna fisheries, while their adverse impacts on threatened marine species have received relatively little attention. In tuna fisheries, bycatch is the major anthropogenic threat to marine megafauna in general, particularly sharks. Research on the development of gear technology for bycatch reduction and potential mitigation measures helped tuna Regional Fisheries Management Organizations adopt bycatch reduction management measures. After reviewing past research on the development of mitigation measures for pelagic longline and tropical purse seine fisheries based on pelagic species' behaviours, we describe promising new approaches integrating recent technological breakthroughs. New innovations include autonomous underwater vehicles carrying cameras along with miniaturized sensors, aerial drones, computer simulation of fishing gear geometry, environmental DNA assays, computer visualizations and deep learning. The successful application of such tools and methods promises to improve our understanding of factors that influence capture, escape and stress of caught species. Moreover, results emerging from recent ethological research explaining the power of social connection and learning in the “fish world” such as social learning from congeners, habituation to deterrents, and how past fishery interactions affect responses to fishing gear should be taken into account when developing technical mitigation measures.

Published
2021
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3. Reply to: Caution over the use of ecological big data for conservation

Author

Fiona Llewellyn, Ivo da Costa, Francois Poisson, Michael L. Berumen, Charlie Huveneers, Andrew J. Richardson, Cesar Peñaherrera-Palma, David W. Sims, Lucy A. Howey, Alex Hearn, Dylan T. Irion, Annabelle Brooks, Christopher R. Clarke, James T. Ketchum, Nuno Queiroz, Kilian M. Stehfest, Alison A. Kock, Michael E. Drew, German Soler, Debra L. Abercrombie, Aaron B. Carlisle, John J. Morris, Jaime D. McAllister, Hector M. Guzman, Eric Clua, Bonnie J. Holmes, Johan A. Gustafson, Natalia P. A. Bezerra, Sarika Singh, Sandra Bessudo Lion, Demian D. Chapman, Robert E. Hueter, Mahmood S. Shivji, Oliver J. D. Jewell, Anna MacDonnell, Gregory B. Skomal, Michael E. Byrne, Carlos M. Duarte, Jonathan Green, Xabier Irigoien, Paul J. Rogers, Simon Pierce, Edward J. Brooks, Luciana C. Ferreira, Warren Joyce, Nicolas E. Humphries, Marc Soria, Lara L. Sousa, Warrick S. Lyon, Pedro Afonso, Darrell Anders, Marcus Sheaves, Felipe Ladino, Matthew Heard, Thor Erikson, Tristan L. Guttridge, Fernanda O. Lana, Francesco Ferretti, Mark G. Meekan, David Acuña-Marrero, Melita Samoilys, Paulo Travassos, Pieter Koen, Taylor K. Chapple, Randall Arauz, Malcolm J. Smale, Ryan Daly, Ramón Bonfil, Estelle Crochelet, Simon R. Thorrold, Camrin D. Braun, Austin J. Gallagher, Gonzalo Mucientes, Matthew Gollock, Lina Maria Quintero, Emily R. Nelson, Sam B. Weber, Samantha J. Simpson, Jayson M. Semmens, Richard Fitzpatrick, John P. Tyminski, Laurenne B. Snyders, Daniel Devia Cortés, David Rowat, Fábio H. V. Hazin, John D. Filmalter, Clare A. Keating Daly, Francisco J. Abascal, Fabien Forget, Heather Marshall, Yannis P. Papastamatiou, Barbara A. Block, Jeremy J. Vaudo, Michele Thums, Ana M. M. Sequeira, Jesse E. M. Cochran, A. Peter Klimley, David M. P. Jacoby, Ana Rita Couto, Pascal Bach, George L. Shillinger, Timothy D. White, John R. M. Chisholm, Bruno C. L. Macena, António M. Santos, Alison V. Towner, Lance K. B. Jordan, Christoph A. Rohner, André S. Afonso, Bradley M. Wetherbee, Emily J. Southall, Antonin V. Blaison, Thomas K. Doyle, Steven E. Campana, Víctor M. Eguíluz, Nigel E. Hussey, Eduardo Espinoza, G. Chris Fischer, Patricia Zarate, Enrico Gennari, Mauricio Hoyos, Malcolm P. Francis, Gonzalo Araujo, Neil Hammerschlag, Frederic Vandeperre, Kátya G. Abrantes, J.B. Brown, Yuuki Y. Watanabe, Michael A. Meÿer, Mark Fowler, Jorge Fontes, Sean Williams, Mariana Travassos Tolotti, Ryan Johnson, Simon D. Goldsworthy, Clinton A. J. Duffy, John C. Holdsworth, Adam Barnett, Laurent Dagorn, Mark E. Bond, Graeme C. Hays, Luke Harman, Robert Harcourt, James S. E. Lea, Diego Bernal, Marisa Vedor, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), James Cook University (JCU), Nova Southeastern University (NSU), Biology Department (WHOI), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Universidade dos Açores, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Macquarie University [Sydney], Australian Institute of Marine Science [Perth] (AIMS Perth), Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas [Horta], Instituto do Mar - Universidade dos Açores (IMAR-UAc), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR), University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), University of Iceland [Reykjavik], School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences [Stony Brook] (SoMAS), Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Zoological Society of London - ZSL (UNITED KINGDOM), Physique et mécanique des milieux hétérogenes (UMR 7636) (PMMH), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), and Flinders University of South Australia

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Big Data, Conservation of Natural Resources, Multidisciplinary, Automatic Identification System, Ecology, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Big data, Fishing, Space use, Satellite tracking, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Fishery, Longline fishing, Geography, law, 14. Life underwater, Conservation biology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business
Abstract

REPLYING TO A. V. Harry & J. M. Braccini Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03463-w (2021) Our global analysis1 estimated the overlap and fishing exposure risk (FEI) using the space use of satellite-tracked sharks and longline fishing effort monitored by the automatic identification system (AIS). In the accompanying Comment, Harry and Braccini2 draw attention to two localized shark–longline vessel overlap hotspots in Australian waters, stating that 47 fishing vessels were misclassified as longline and purse seine vessels in the Global Fishing Watch (GFW)3 2012–2016 AIS fishing effort data product that we used. This, they propose2, results in misidentifications that highlight fishing exposure hotspots that are subject to an unexpected level of sensitivity in the analysis and they suggest that misidentifications could broadly affect the calculations of fishing exposure and the central conclusions of our study1. We acknowledged in our previously published paper1 that gear reclassifications were likely to occur for a small percentage of the more than 70,000 vessels studied, however, here we demonstrate that even using much larger numbers of vessel reclassifications than those proposed by Harry and Braccini2, the central results and conclusions of our paper1 do not change.

Published
2021
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4. Effect of pelagic longline bait type on species selectivity: a global synthesis of evidence

Author

Martin Hall, Eric Gilman, Michael K. Musyl, Milani Chaloupka, Pascal Bach, Francois Poisson, Susanna Piovano, Liming Song, Hannah Fennell, Hawaii Pacific University, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Mitigation, Qualitative evidence, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, swordfish xiphias-gladius, Regression modelling, Aquatic Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Life history theory, Predation, caretta-caretta, Selectivity, 14. Life underwater, atlantic-ocean, publication bias, Bait, Tuna, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Longline, Pelagic zone, by-catch, Bycatch, Fishery, circle hooks, sea-turtles, Forage fish, shark populations, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, feeding-behavior, size-selectivity
Abstract

Place: Dordrecht Publisher: Springer WOS:000555361400001; International audience; Fisheries can profoundly affect bycatch species with 'slow' life history traits. Managing bait type offers one tool to control species selectivity. Different species and sizes of marine predators have different prey, and hence bait, preferences. This preference is a function of a bait's chemical, visual, acoustic and textural characteristics and size, and for seabirds the effect on hook sink rate is also important. We conducted a global meta-analysis of existing estimates of the relative risk of capture on different pelagic longline baits. We applied a Bayesian random effects meta-analytic regression modelling approach to estimate overall expected bait-specific catch rates. For blue shark and marine turtles, there were 34% (95% HDI: 4-59%) and 60% (95% HDI: 44-76%) significantly lower relative risks of capture on forage fish bait than squid bait, respectively. Overall estimates of bait-specific relative risk were not significantly different for seven other assessed taxa. The lack of a significant overall estimate of relative capture risk for pelagic shark species combined but significant effect for blue sharks suggests there is species-specific variability in bait-specific catch risk within this group. A qualitative literature review suggests that tunas and istiophorid billfishes may have higher catch rates on squid than fish bait, which conflicts with reducing marine turtle and blue shark catch rates. The findings from this synthesis of quantitative and qualitative evidence support identifying economically viable bycatch management measures with acceptable tradeoffs when multispecies conflicts are unavoidable, and highlight research priorities for global pelagic longline fisheries.

Published
2020
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5. Global spatial risk assessment of sharks under the footprint of fisheries

Author

Gonzalo Mucientes, Nigel E. Hussey, John R. M. Chisholm, Paul J. Rogers, Sarika Singh, Natalia P. A. Bezerra, Daniel Devia Cortés, Sandra Bessudo Lion, Frederic Vandeperre, Steven E. Campana, Taylor K. Chapple, Nicolas E. Humphries, Michael E. Byrne, Samantha J. Simpson, Eduardo Espinoza, Estelle Crochelet, Mark G. Meekan, Jesse E. M. Cochran, Yannis P. Papastamatiou, Clare A. Keating Daly, Xabier Irigoien, Simon J. Pierce, Matthew Gollock, Pedro Afonso, Marcus Sheaves, Francois Poisson, Dylan T. Irion, Darrell Anders, Lucy A. Howey, Camrin D. Braun, Richard Fitzpatrick, Annabelle Brooks, Timothy D. White, Tristan L. Guttridge, Melita Samoilys, Aaron B. Carlisle, John J. Morris, Marisa Vedor, Alison V. Towner, Alison A. Kock, G. Chris Fischer, Nuno Queiroz, Warrick S. Lyon, Mauricio Hoyos, Ryan Daly, Enrico Gennari, Charlie Huveneers, Ramón Bonfil, Paulo Travassos, Barbara A. Block, Felipe Ladino, Matthew Heard, Rory McAuley, Ana M. M. Sequeira, Alex Hearn, Francisco J. Abascal, Bonnie J. Holmes, Fábio H. V. Hazin, John C. Holdsworth, Carlos M. Duarte, Ana Rita Couto, Jonathan Green, Salvador J. Jorgensen, Anna MacDonnell, Thor Erikson, Jaime D. McAllister, Gonzalo Araujo, Barry D. Bruce, John D. Stevens, A. Peter Klimley, Jorge Fontes, Adam Barnett, Bruno C. L. Macena, Hector M. Guzman, Eric Clua, Neil Hammerschlag, Mahmood S. Shivji, António M. Santos, Laurent Dagorn, Malcolm J. Smale, Michael E. Drew, Lara L. Sousa, Emily J. Southall, Luciana C. Ferreira, Clinton A. J. Duffy, Thomas K. Doyle, Russell W. Bradford, Austin J. Gallagher, Sam B. Weber, David Acuña-Marrero, Pieter Koen, Kilian M. Stehfest, Randall Arauz, Emily R. Nelson, Francesco Ferretti, Antonin V. Blaison, Kátya G. Abrantes, Víctor M. Eguíluz, Ryan Johnson, Pascal Bach, Simon D. Goldsworthy, Edward J. Brooks, Julian G. Pepperell, Warren Joyce, Fabien Forget, Michele Thums, Fernanda O. Lana, David M. P. Jacoby, Lance K. B. Jordan, Cesar Peñaherrera-Palma, André S. Afonso, Bradley M. Wetherbee, Sean Williams, Mariana Travassos Tolotti, German Soler, Debra L. Abercrombie, Johan A. Gustafson, Laurenne B. Snyders, Christoph A. Rohner, Simon R. Thorrold, Toby A. Patterson, Malcolm P. Francis, David W. Sims, Lina Maria Quintero, Oliver J. D. Jewell, Gregory B. Skomal, Demian D. Chapman, Robert E. Hueter, John P. Tyminski, John D. Filmalter, Robert Harcourt, Heather Marshall, James S. E. Lea, Jeremy J. Vaudo, George L. Shillinger, Diego Bernal, Andrew J. Richardson, Mark E. Bond, Marc Soria, Graeme C. Hays, Luke Harman, Michael L. Berumen, Christopher R. Clarke, James T. Ketchum, J.B. Brown, Patricia Zárate, Jayson M. Semmens, Yuuki Y. Watanabe, David Rowat, Fiona Llewellyn, Michael A. Meÿer, Ivo da Costa, Mark Fowler, Red Sea Research Centre (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences [Stony Brook] (SoMAS), Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), Laboratoire Franco-Mexicain d'Informatique et d'Automatique (LAFMIA), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV)-Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC)-Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [Mexico] (CONACYT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Zoological Society of London - ZSL (UNITED KINGDOM), James Cook University (JCU), Biology Department (WHOI), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Australian Institute of Marine Science [Perth] (AIMS Perth), Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Save Our Seas Foundation, European Commission, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Rio Grande do Norte, Xunta de Galicia, Australian Respiratory Council, and Australian Institute of Marine Science

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, improving light, Fishing, bycatch, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Megafauna, Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias, patterns, 14. Life underwater, Pesquerías, movements, Marine biology, Multidisciplinary, model, pelagic sharks, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, conservation, temperature, Pelagic zone, tracking, Bycatch, Fishery, Geolocation, Geography, geolocation, International waters, Conservation biology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

Effective ocean management and the conservation of highly migratory species depend on resolving the overlap between animal movements and distributions, and fishing effort. However, this information is lacking at a global scale. Here we show, using a big-data approach that combines satellite-tracked movements of pelagic sharks and global fishing fleets, that 24% of the mean monthly space used by sharks falls under the footprint of pelagic longline fisheries. Space-use hotspots of commercially valuable sharks and of internationally protected species had the highest overlap with longlines (up to 76% and 64%, respectively), and were also associated with significant increases in fishing effort. We conclude that pelagic sharks have limited spatial refuge from current levels of fishing effort in marine areas beyond national jurisdictions (the high seas). Our results demonstrate an urgent need for conservation and management measures at high-seas hotspots of shark space use, and highlight the potential of simultaneous satellite surveillance of megafauna and fishers as a tool for near-real-time, dynamic management., Data analysis was funded in part by the Marine Biological Association (MBA) and the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) (NE/R00997X/1) (to D.W.S.) with additional research support from the Save Our Seas Foundation and the NERC Oceans 2025 Strategic Research Programme, in which D.W.S. was a principal investigator. D.W.S. was supported by an MBA Senior Research Fellowship, N.Q. by European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) via the Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (COMPETE), National Funds via Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) under PTDC/MAR/100345/2008 and COMPETE FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-010580 (to N.Q. and D.W.S.), and Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020) under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) in project MarInfo (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000031). Additional support was provided by an FCT Investigator Fellowship IF/01611/2013 (N.Q.), FCT Doctoral Fellowship PD/BD/52603/2014 (M.V.), PTDC/MAR-BIO/4458/2012, Xunta de Galicia - Isabel Barreto Program 2009-2012 (G.M.), Australian Research Council (ARC) grant DE170100841 and operational funds from the Australian Institute for Marine Science (AIMS) (both to A.M.M.S.).

Published
2019
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6. Large-scale genetic panmixia in the blue shark (Prionace glauca): A single worldwide population, or a genetic lag-time effect of the 'grey zone' of differentiation?

Author

Alicia Mackenzie, Nicolas Bierne, Diane Bailleul, Sophie Arnaud-Haond, Olivier Sacchi, Francois Poisson, MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, FFP ('France Filière Pêche'), Conseil Régional Languedoc-Roussillon, Conseil Départemental de l’Hérault, Conseil Départemental des Pyrénées-Orientales, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Mediterranean sea, stock, Genetics, 14. Life underwater, genetic panmixia, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Apex predator, Trophic level, education.field_of_study, Panmixia, Near-threatened species, biology, Ecology, Prionace glauca, conservation, Pelagic zone, blue shark, fisherie, prionace glauca, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, fisheries, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Autre (Sciences du Vivant)
Abstract

International audience; The blue shark Prionace glauca, among the most common and widely studied pelagic sharks, is a top predator, exhibiting the widest distribution range. However, little is known about its population structure and spatial dynamics. With an estimated removal of 10-20million individuals per year by fisheries, the species is classified as Near Threatened by International Union for Conservation of Nature. We lack the knowledge to forecast the long-term consequences of such a huge removal on this top predator itself and on its trophic network. The genetic analysis of more than 200 samples collected at broad scale (from Mediterranean Sea, North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans) using mtDNA and nine microsatellite markers allowed to detect signatures of genetic bottlenecks but a nearly complete genetic homogeneity across the entire studied range. This apparent panmixia could be explained by a genetic lag-time effect illustrated by simulations of demographic changes that were not detectable through standard genetic analysis before a long transitional phase here introduced as the population grey zone. The results presented here can thus encompass distinct explanatory scenarios spanning from a single demographic population to several independent populations. This limitation prevents the genetic-based delineation of stocks and thus the ability to anticipate the consequences of severe depletions at all scales. More information is required for the conservation of population(s) and management of stocks, which may be provided by large-scale sampling not only of individuals worldwide, but also of loci genomewide.

Published
2018
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7. Preliminary Insights on the Habitat Use and Vertical Movements of the Pelagic Stingray (Pteroplatytrygon violacea) in the Western Mediterranean Sea

Author

François Poisson, Jim R. Ellis, and Sophy R. McCully Phillips

Subjects
bycatch, Dasyatidae, discard mortality, Gulf of Lions, mitigation, movements, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Pelagic stingray (Pteroplatytrygon violacea) is the only species of stingray (Dasyatidae) that utilizes both pelagic and demersal habitats. It is the main bycatch species in pelagic longline fisheries targeting bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) in the Gulf of Lions. In the Mediterranean Sea, their stock structure, behavioural ecology and movements are unknown. For the first time in the Mediterranean, 17 individuals (39–60 cm disc width) were tagged with pop-up satellite archival transmitting tags using a novel method of tag attachment to investigate horizontal and vertical movements. The tags were attached for between two and 60 days. Between the months of July and October, pelagic stingray occupied a temperature range of 12.5–26.6 °C, and a depth range extending from the surface to 480 m. Monthly trends in catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) of pelagic stingray peaked in August and decreased by late autumn. Pelagic stingray may aggregate on the continental shelf during summer and move southwards in early autumn, and this movement pattern is considered in relation to the reproductive cycle and overwintering. At-vessel mortality was low, but there was varying evidence of post-release mortality, indicating the need for further work. Future work and options for bycatch mitigation are also discussed.

Published
2024
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8. Consumption of Post-Larval Swordfish (Xiphias gladius) by Dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus): New Ecological Insights into Both Species in the Tyrrhenian Sea

Author

François Poisson

Subjects
dolphinfish, Mediterranean Sea, post larvae, stomach contents, swordfish, Tyrrhenian Sea, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Knowledge of post-larval swordfish (Xiphias gladius) ecology in the world’s oceans is incomplete as they are rarely found in ichthyoplankton samplings or commercial catches and individuals are difficult to observe in the marine ecosystem. Analyses of stomach contents of apex predators can provide otherwise unobtainable ecological insights. Two well-preserved bills of post-larval swordfish were identified among the partially digested stomach contents of an adult male dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) caught in the northern Tyrrhenian Sea. The lower jaw to fork lengths of the two predated swordfish were estimated at, respectively, 18 and 22 cm, corresponding to 81- and 99-day-old swordfish hatched in the 2022 spawning season. This analysis and recent information on the reproductive dynamics of swordfish in the same area reported in the literature shed light not only on the early stages of swordfish growth but also on dolphinfish ecology in the Tyrrhenian Sea. The two species share the same habitat and are both caught with commercial pelagic surface longlines. Environmental shifts associated with climate change could unpredictably modify the reproduction dynamics, growth, recruitment and distribution of both species. This knowledge is important for the sustainable management of regional fisheries.

Published
2024
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9. Reproductive dynamics of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) in the southwestern Indian Ocean (Reunion Island). Part 2: fecundity and spawning pattern

Author

Francois Poisson and Christian Fauvel

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Fishing, Seamount, Zoology, Aquatic Science, Biology, Gravimetric method, 01 natural sciences, Swordfish, Image processing, 14. Life underwater, Gladius, Indian Ocean, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Xiphias gladius, Reproductive success, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Reproductive strategy, Reproduction, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Fecundity, Spawning frequency, Indian ocean, 040102 fisheries, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Reproductive capacity
Abstract

Batch fecundity and relative fecundity of swordfish (Xiphias gladius) in the southwestern Indian Ocean were estimated from seven gravid swordfish females (size range 127-225 cm lower jaw-to-fork length, LJFL) with unovulated, hydrated oocytes collected onboard Reunion-based (France) longline swordfish fishing vessels between December 1999 to January 2001. To investigate the spawning pattern of swordfish, we used data collected through a combination of two at sea sampling regimes. A total of 17 007 geo-located size data of swordfish were recorded during 8 years (1993-2001) and a total of 1727 (size range 75-289 cm, LJFL) swordfish gonads (1107 females and 620 males) were sampled from May 1998 to January 2001. The estimated batch fecundity ranged from 995 000 hydrated oocytes for the smallest ripe female to 4.3 millions for the largest female sampled measuring respectively 127 to 225 cm in curved length (LJFL). The relative fecundity ranged from 25 to 72 hydrated oocytes per gram of body weight. We found that batch fecundity was positively correlated with fish length and that the older/larger females have earlier and longer spawning seasons than younger/smaller females. These findings suggested that older/larger females which are seasonally migrating in this spawning ground seem to play a major role in reproductive success of the species in producing significantly more offspring than younger females during an extended spawning season. Examination of the length-frequency date from the fishery indicated that the young fish are resident around Reunion and around the seamounts off Reunion Island. Our results highlight the important role of the older/larger females in the reproductive capacity of southwestern Indian Ocean stock. We discuss the potential implications of fishing the older/larger females for this stock in terms of reproduction and recruitment., La fécondité par acte de ponte et la fécondité relative chez l'espadon (Xiphias gladius) dans le sud-ouest de l'océan Indien sont estimées d'après sept femelles de taille comprise entre 127 et 225 cm (de l'extrémité de la mâchoire inférieure à la fourche caudale) ; celles-ci ayant atteint la maturité sexuelle, les ovaires contenant des ovocytes hydratés. Ces femelles ont été pêchées entre décembre 1999 et janvier 2001, par des palangriers ciblant l'espadon et basés à La Réunion. La stratégie de la reproduction chez l'espadon a été étudiée en utilisant des données collectées au cours de deux campagnes d'échantillonnages en mer : soit 17 007 mensurations géo-référencées d'espadons, de 75 à 289 cm, qui ont été enregistrées durant les 8 années d'étude (1993-2001) et 1727 gonades d'espadon (1107 femelles et 620 mâles) prélevées entre mai 1998 et juin 2001.La fécondité par acte de ponte estimée varie de 995 000 ovocytes hydratés, pour la plus petite femelle (127 cm), à 4,3 millions pour la plus grande femelle (225 cm). La fécondité par acte de ponte est corrélée positivement à la taille du poisson. La fécondité relative s'étend de 25 à 72 ovocytes hydratés par gramme de poids de corps. Les femelles les plus âgées/grandes pondent plus tôt et sur une période plus grande que les plus jeunes/petites femelles. Ainsi, les femelles plus âgées/grandes qui migrent de façon saisonnière vers cette aire de ponte, contribueraient plus largement au renouvellement de l'espèce en produisant de façon significative davantage de recrues que les femelles plus jeunes et ceci pendant une saison de ponte plus étendue. Par ailleurs, les jeunes individus semblent séjourner aux abords de l'île de La Réunion et des monts sous-marins situés au large. Nos résultats soulignent l'importance du rôle des femelles âgées/grandes dans la capacité reproductrice du stock d'espadon du sud-ouest de l'océan Indien. Les implications potentielles de la pêche : des femelles âgées et de grandes tailles sont discutées pour ce stock, du point de vue de la reproduction et du recrutement.

Published
2009

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