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29 results on '"Franciolini, G."'

1. Prospects for fundamental physics with LISA

Author

Barausse, Enrico, Berti, Emanuele, Hertog, Thomas, Hughes, Scott A., Jetzer, Philippe, Pani, Paolo, Sotiriou, Thomas P., Tamanini, Nicola, Witek, Helvi, Yagi, Kent, Yunes, Nicolás, Abdelsalhin, T., Achucarro, A., van Aelst, K., Afshordi, N., Akcay, S., Annulli, L., Arun, K. G., Ayuso, I., Baibhav, V., Baker, T., Bantilan, H., Barreiro, T., Barrera-Hinojosa, C., Bartolo, N., Baumann, D., Belgacem, E., Bellini, E., Bellomo, N., Ben-Dayan, I., Bena, I., Benkel, R., Bergshoefs, E., Bernard, L., Bernuzzi, S., Bertacca, D., Besancon, M., Beutler, F., Beyer, F., Bhagwat, S., Bicak, J., Biondini, S., Bize, S., Blas, D., Boehmer, C., Boller, K., Bonga, B., Bonvin, C., Bosso, P., Bozzola, G., Brax, P., Breitbach, M., Brito, R., Bruni, M., Brügmann, B., Bulten, H., Buonanno, A., Burko, L. M., Burrage, C., Cabral, F., Calcagni, G., Caprini, C., Cárdenas-Avendaño, A., Celoria, M., Chatziioannou, K., Chernoff, D., Clough, K., Coates, A., Comelli, D., Compère, G., Croon, D., Cruces, D., Cusin, G., Dalang, C., Danielsson, U., Das, S., Datta, S., de Boer, J., De Luca, V., De Rham, C., Desjacques, V., Destounis, K., Filippo, F. Di, Dima, A., Dimastrogiovanni, E., Dolan, S., Doneva, D., Duque, F., Durrer, R., East, W., Easther, R., Elley, M., Ellis, J. R., Emparan, R., Ezquiaga, J. M., Fairbairn, M., Fairhurst, S., Farmer, H. F., Fasiello, M. R., Ferrari, V., Ferreira, P. G., Ficarra, G., Figueras, P., Fisenko, S., Foffa, S., Franchini, N., Franciolini, G., Fransen, K., Frauendiener, J., Frusciante, N., Fujita, R., Gair, J., Ganz, A., Garcia, P., Garcia-Bellido, J., Garriga, J., Geiger, R., Geng, C., Gergely, L. Á., Germani, C., Gerosa, D., Giddings, S. B., Gourgoulhon, E., Grandclement, P., Graziani, L., Gualtieri, L., Haggard, D., Haino, S., Halburd, R., Han, W.-B., Hawken, A. J., Hees, A., Heng, I. S., Hennig, J., Herdeiro, C., Hervik, S., Holten, J. v., Hoyle, C. J. D., Hu, Y., Hull, M., Ikeda, T., Isi, M., Jenkins, A., Julié, F., Kajfasz, E., Kalaghatgi, C., Kaloper, N., Kamionkowski, M., Karas, V., Kastha, S., Keresztes, Z., Kidder, L., Kimpson, T., Klein, A., Klioner, S., Kokkotas, K., Kolesova, H., Kolkowitz, S., Kopp, J., Koyama, K., Krishnendu, N. V., Kroon, J. A. V., Kunz, M., Lahav, O., Landragin, A., Lang, R. N., Poncin-Lafitte, C. Le, Lemos, J., Li, B., Liberati, S., Liguori, M., Lin, F., Liu, G., Lobo, F. S. N., Loll, R., Lombriser, L., Lovelace, G., Macedo, R. P., Madge, E., Maggio, E., Maggiore, M., Marassi, S., Marcoccia, P., Markakis, C., Martens, W., Martinovic, K., Martins, C. J. A. P., Maselli, A., Mastrogiovanni, S., Matarrese, S., Matas, A., Mavromatos, N. E., Mazumdar, A., Meerburg, P. D., Megias, E., Miller, J., Mimoso, J. P., Mittnacht, L., Montero, M. M., Moore, B., Martin-Moruno, P., Musco, I., Nakano, H., Nampalliwar, S., Nardini, G., Nielsen, A., Novák, J., Nunes, N. J., Okounkova, M., Oliveri, R., Oppizzi, F., Orlando, G., Oshita, N., Pappas, G., Paschalidis, V., Peiris, H., Peloso, M., Perkins, S., Pettorino, V., Pikovski, I., Pilo, L., Podolsky, J., Pontzen, A., Prabhat, S., Pratten, G., Prokopec, T., Prouza, M., Qi, H., Raccanelli, A., Rajantie, A., Randall, L., Raposo, G., Raymond, V., Renaux-Petel, S., Ricciardone, A., Riotto, A., Robson, T., Roest, D., Rollo, R., Rosofsky, S., Ruan, J. J., Rubiera-García, D., Ruiz, M., Rusu, M., Sabatie, F., Sago, N., Sakellariadou, M., Saltas, I. D., Sberna, L., Sathyaprakash, B., Scheel, M., Schmidt, P., Schutz, B., Schwaller, P., Shao, L., Shapiro, S. L., Shoemaker, D., Silva, A. d., Simpson, C., Sopuerta, C. F., Spallicci, A., Stefanek, B. A., Stein, L., Stergioulas, N., Stott, M., Sutton, P., Svarc, R., Tagoshi, H., Tahamtan, T., Takeda, H., Tanaka, T., Tantilian, G., Tasinato, G., Tattersall, O., Teukolsky, S., Tiec, A. L., Theureau, G., Trodden, M., Tolley, A., Toubiana, A., Traykova, D., Tsokaros, A., Unal, C., Unnikrishnan, C. S., Vagenas, E. C., Valageas, P., Vallisneri, M., Brand, J. Van den, Broeck, C. Van den, de Meent, M. van, Vanhove, P., Varma, V., Veitch, J., Vercnocke, B., Verde, L., Vernieri, D., Vernizzi, F., Vicente, R., Vidotto, F., Visser, M., Vlah, Z., Vretinaris, S., Völkel, S., Wang, Q., Wang, Yu-Tong, Werner, M. C., Westernacher, J., Weygaert, R. v. d., Wiltshire, D., Wiseman, T., Wolf, P., Wu, K., Yamada, K., Yang, H., Yi, L., Yue, X., Yvon, D., Zilhão, M., Zimmerman, A., and Zumalacarregui, M.

Published
2020
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2. Stochastic gravitational-wave background at 3G detectors as a smoking gun for microscopic dark matter relics

Author

Franciolini, G. and Pani, P.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Microscopic horizonless relics could form in the early universe either directly through gravitational collapse or as stable remnants of the Hawking evaporation of primordial black holes. In both cases they completely or partially evade cosmological constraints arising from Hawking evaporation and in certain mass ranges can explain the entirety of the dark matter. We systematically explore the stochastic gravitational-wave background associated with the formation of microscopic dark-matter relics in various scenarios, adopting an agnostic approach and discussing the limitations introduced by existing constraints, possible ways to circumvent the latter, and expected astrophysical foregrounds. Interestingly, this signal is at most marginally detectable with current interferometers but could be detectable by third-generations instruments such as the Einstein Telescope, strengthening their potential as discovery machines., 11 pages, 4 figures

Published
2023

3. Searching for Primordial Black Holes with the Einstein Telescope: impact of design and systematics

Author

Franciolini, G., Iacovelli, F., Mancarella, M., Maggiore, M., Pani, P., and Riotto, A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) have recently attracted much attention as they may explain some of the LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA observations and significantly contribute to the dark matter in our universe. The next generation of Gravitational Wave (GW) detectors will have the unique opportunity to set stringent bounds on this putative population of objects. Focusing on the Einstein Telescope (ET), in this paper we analyse in detail the impact of systematics and different detector designs on our future capability of observing key quantities that would allow us to discover and/or constrain a population of PBH mergers. We also perform a population analysis, with a mass and redshift distribution compatible with the current observational bounds. Our results indicate that ET alone can reach an exquisite level of accuracy on the key observables considered, as well as detect up to tens of thousands of PBH binaries per year, but for some key signatures (in particular high--redshift sources) the cryogenic instrument optimised for low frequencies turns out to be crucial, both for the number of observations and the error on the parameters reconstruction. As far as the detector geometry is concerned, we find that a network consisting of two separated L--shaped interferometers of 15 (20)~km arm length, oriented at $45^{\circ}$ with respect to each other performs better than a single triangular shaped instrument of 10 (15)~km arm length, for all the metrics considered., 24 pages, 13 figures

Published
2023

5. GW190521 Mass Gap Event and the Primordial Black Hole Scenario

Author

De Luca, V., Desjacques, V., Franciolini, G., Pani, P., and Riotto, A.

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Primordial black hole, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Binary black hole, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010306 general physics, Reionization, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, black holes, LIGO, black holes, gravitational waves, Black hole, Supernova, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, gravitational waves, Event (particle physics), Mass gap, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The LIGO/Virgo Collaboration has recently observed GW190521, the first binary black hole merger with at least the primary component mass in the mass gap predicted by the pair-instability supernova theory. This observation disfavors the standard stellar-origin formation scenario for the heavier black hole, motivating alternative hypotheses. We show that GW190521 cannot be explained within the Primordial Black Hole (PBH) scenario if PBHs do not accrete during their cosmological evolution, since this would require an abundance which is already in tension with current constraints. On the other hand, GW190521 may have a primordial origin if PBHs accrete efficiently before the reionization epoch., 7 pages, 4 figures. v2: matching version published in PRL

Published
2021

7. Electromagnetic probes of primordial black holes as dark matter

Author

Kashlinsky, A., Ali-Haimoud, Y., Clesse, S., Garcia-Bellido, J., Wyrzykowski, L., Achucarro, A., Amendola, L., Annis, J., Arbey, A., Arendt, R. G., Atriobarandela, F., Bellomo, N., Belotsky, K., Bernal, J-L, Bird, S., Bozza, V., Byrnes, C., Calchi Novati, S., Calore, F., Carr, B. J., Chluba, J., Cholis, I., Cieplak, A., Cole, P., Dalianis, I., Davis, A-C, Davis, T., Luca, V., Dvorkin, I., Emparan, R., Ezquiaga, J-M, Fleury, P., Franciolini, G., Gaggero, D., Georg, J., Germani, C., Giudice, G-F, Goobar, A., Hasinger, G., Hector, A., Hundertmark, M., Hutsi, G., Jansen, R., Kamionkowski, M., Kawasaki, M., Kazanas, D., Kehagias, A., Khlopov, M., Knebe, A., Kohri, K., Koushiappas, S., Kovetz, E., Kuhnel, F., Macgibbon, J., Marzola, L., Mediavilla, E., Meszaros, P., Mroz, P., Munoz, J., Musco, I., Nesseris, S., Ozsoy, O., Pani, P., Poulin, V., Raccanelli, A., Racco, D., Raidal, M., Ranc, C., Rattenbury, N., Rhodes, J., Ricotti, M., Riotto, A., Rubin, S., Rubio, J., Ruiz-Morales, E., Sasaki, M., Schnittman, J., Shvartzvald, Y., Street, R., Takada, M., Takhistov, V., Tashiro, H., Tasinato, G., Tringas, G., Caner Unal, Tada, Y., Tsapras, Y., Vaskonen, V., Veermae, H., Vidotto, F., Watson, S., Windhorst, R., Yokoyama, S., Young, S., Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IPNL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Astrophysics and Astronomy, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), lens, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, spin: 0, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, dark matter: density, galaxy: halo, star, accretion, supernova, quasar, LIGO, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, pulsar, fluctuation, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, stability, coherence, electromagnetic, X-ray: background, infrared, astro-ph.CO, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], black hole: primordial, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, cosmic background radiation: anisotropy
Abstract

The LIGO discoveries have rekindled suggestions that primordial black holes (BHs) may constitute part to all of the dark matter (DM) in the Universe. Such suggestions came from 1) the observed merger rate of the BHs, 2) their unusual masses, 3) their low/zero spins, and 4) also from the independently uncovered cosmic infrared background (CIB) fluctuations signal of high amplitude and coherence with unresolved cosmic X-ray background (CXB). Here we summarize the prospects to resolve this important issue with electromagnetic observations using the instruments and tools expected in the 2020's. These prospects appear promising to make significant, and potentially critical, advances. We demonstrate that in the next decade, new space- and ground-borne electromagnetic instruments, combined with concurrent theoretical efforts, should shed critical light on the long-considered link between primordial BHs and DM. Specifically the new data and methodologies under this program will involve: I) Probing with high precision the spatial spectrum of source-subtracted CIB with Euclid and WFIRST, and its coherence with unresolved cosmic X-ray background using eROSITA and Athena, II) Advanced searches for microlensing of Galactic stars by the intervening Galactic Halo BHs with OGLE, Gaia, LSST and WFIRST, III) Supernovae (SNe) lensing in the upcoming surveys with WFIRST, LSST and also potentially with Euclid and JWST, IV) Advanced theoretical work to understand the details of PBH accretion and evolution and their influence on cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies in light of the next generation CMB experiments, V) Better new samples and theoretical understanding involving stability and properties of ultra faint dwarf galaxies, pulsar timing, and cosmological quasar lensing., Comment: Science whitepaper submitted to the Astro2020 Decadal Survey

Published
2019

12. NANOGrav Data Hints at Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter.

Author

De Luca, V., Franciolini, G., and Riotto, A.

Subjects
*BLACK holes, *DARK matter, *GRAVITATIONAL waves, *LASER interferometers, *STOCHASTIC processes, *INFLATIONARY universe, *ASTRONOMICAL perturbation
Abstract

The NANOGrav Collaboration has recently published strong evidence for a stochastic common-spectrum process that may be interpreted as a stochastic gravitational wave background. We show that such a signal can be explained by second-order gravitational waves produced during the formation of primordial black holes from the collapse of sizeable scalar perturbations generated during inflation. This possibility has two predictions: (i) the primordial black holes may comprise the totality of the dark matter with the dominant contribution to their mass function falling in the range (10-15÷10-11)M⊙ and (ii) the gravitational wave stochastic background will be seen as well by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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13. Constraining the initial primordial black hole clustering with CMB distortion.

Author

De Luca, V., Franciolini, G., and Riotto, A.

Subjects
*COSMIC background radiation, *BLACK holes
Abstract

The merger rate of primordial black holes depends on their initial clustering. In the absence of primordial non-Gaussianity correlating short and large scales, primordial black holes are distributed à la Poisson at the time of their formation. However, primordial non-Gaussianity of the local type may correlate primordial black holes on large scales. We show that future experiments looking for cosmic microwave background μ distortion would test the hypothesis of initial primordial black hole clustering induced by local non-Gaussianity, while existing limits already show that significant non-Gaussianity is necessary to induce primordial black hole clustering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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15. Constraints on primordial black holes: The importance of accretion.

Author

De Luca, V., Franciolini, G., Pani, P., and Riotto, A.

Subjects
*BLACK holes, *DARK matter, *ACCRETION (Astrophysics), UNIVERSE
Abstract

We consider the constraints on the fraction of dark matter in the universe in the form of primordial black holes taking into account the crucial role of accretion which may change both their mass and mass function. We show that accretion may drastically weaken the constraints at the present epoch for primordial black holes with masses larger than a few solar masses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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21. Primordial Black Hole Dark Matter: LISA Serendipity.

Author

Bartolo, N., De Luca, V., Franciolini, G., Lewis, A., Peloso, M., and Riotto, A.

Subjects
*DARK matter, *BLACK holes, *GRAVITATIONAL waves, *SERENDIPITY in science, *POWER spectra, UNIVERSE
Abstract

There has recently been renewed interest in the possibility that the dark matter in the Universe consists of primordial black holes (PBHs). Current observational constraints leave only a few PBH mass ranges for this possibility. One of them is around 10-12 M⊙. If PBHs with this mass are formed due to an enhanced scalar-perturbation amplitude, their formation is inevitably accompanied by the generation of gravitational waves (GWs) with frequency peaked in the mHz range, precisely around the maximum sensitivity of the LISA mission. We show that, if these primordial black holes are the dark matter, LISA will be able to detect the associated GW power spectrum. Although the GW source signal is intrinsically non-Gaussian, the signal measured by LISA is a sum of the signal from a large number of independent sources suppressing the non-Gaussianity at detection to an unobservable level. We also discuss the effect of the GW propagation in the perturbed Universe. PBH dark matter generically leads to a detectable, purely isotropic, Gaussian and unpolarized GW signal, a prediction that is testable with LISA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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22. Testing primordial black holes as dark matter with LISA.

Author

Bartolo, N., De Luca, V., Franciolini, G., Peloso, M., Racco, D., and Riotto, A.

Subjects
*DARK matter, *BLACK holes, *GRAVITATIONAL waves, *INFLATIONARY universe, *RADIATION, *CURVATURE
Abstract

The idea that primordial black holes (PBHs) can comprise most of the dark matter of the Universe has recently reacquired a lot of momentum. Observational constraints, however, rule out this possibility for most of the PBH masses, with a notable exception around 10-12 M⊙. These light PBHs may be originated when a sizable comoving curvature perturbation generated during inflation reenters the horizon during the radiation phase. During such a stage, it is unavoidable that gravitational waves (GWs) are generated. Since their source is quadratic in the curvature perturbations, these GWs are generated fully non-Gaussian. Their frequency today is about a millihertz, which is exactly the range where the LISA mission has the maximum of its sensitivity. This is certainly an impressive coincidence. We show that this scenario of PBHs as dark matter can be tested by LISA by measuring the GW two-point correlator. On the other hand, we show that the short observation time (as compared to the age of the Universe) and propagation effects of the GWs across the perturbed Universe from the production point to the LISA detector suppress the bispectrum to an unobservable level. This suppression is completely general and not specific to our model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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23. New horizons for fundamental physics with LISA

Author

K. G. Arun, Enis Belgacem, Robert Benkel, Laura Bernard, Emanuele Berti, Gianfranco Bertone, Marc Besancon, Diego Blas, Christian G. Böhmer, Richard Brito, Gianluca Calcagni, Alejandro Cardenas-Avendaño, Katy Clough, Marco Crisostomi, Valerio De Luca, Daniela Doneva, Stephanie Escoffier, José María Ezquiaga, Pedro G. Ferreira, Pierre Fleury, Stefano Foffa, Gabriele Franciolini, Noemi Frusciante, Juan García-Bellido, Carlos Herdeiro, Thomas Hertog, Tanja Hinderer, Philippe Jetzer, Lucas Lombriser, Elisa Maggio, Michele Maggiore, Michele Mancarella, Andrea Maselli, Sourabh Nampalliwar, David Nichols, Maria Okounkova, Paolo Pani, Vasileios Paschalidis, Alvise Raccanelli, Lisa Randall, Sébastien Renaux-Petel, Antonio Riotto, Milton Ruiz, Alexander Saffer, Mairi Sakellariadou, Ippocratis D. Saltas, B. S. Sathyaprakash, Lijing Shao, Carlos F. Sopuerta, Thomas P. Sotiriou, Nikolaos Stergioulas, Nicola Tamanini, Filippo Vernizzi, Helvi Witek, Kinwah Wu, Kent Yagi, Stoytcho Yazadjiev, Nicolás Yunes, Miguel Zilhão, Niayesh Afshordi, Marie-Christine Angonin, Vishal Baibhav, Enrico Barausse, Tiago Barreiro, Nicola Bartolo, Nicola Bellomo, Ido Ben-Dayan, Eric A. Bergshoeff, Sebastiano Bernuzzi, Daniele Bertacca, Swetha Bhagwat, Béatrice Bonga, Lior M. Burko, Geoffrey Compére, Giulia Cusin, Antonio da Silva, Saurya Das, Claudia de Rham, Kyriakos Destounis, Ema Dimastrogiovanni, Francisco Duque, Richard Easther, Hontas Farmer, Matteo Fasiello, Stanislav Fisenko, Kwinten Fransen, Jörg Frauendiener, Jonathan Gair, László Árpád Gergely, Davide Gerosa, Leonardo Gualtieri, Wen-Biao Han, Aurelien Hees, Thomas Helfer, Jörg Hennig, Alexander C. Jenkins, Eric Kajfasz, Nemanja Kaloper, Vladimír Karas, Bradley J. Kavanagh, Sergei A. Klioner, Savvas M. Koushiappas, Macarena Lagos, Christophe Le Poncin-Lafitte, Francisco S. N. Lobo, Charalampos Markakis, Prado Martín-Moruno, C. J. A. P. Martins, Sabino Matarrese, Daniel R. Mayerson, José P. Mimoso, Johannes Noller, Nelson J. Nunes, Roberto Oliveri, Giorgio Orlando, George Pappas, Igor Pikovski, Luigi Pilo, Jiří Podolský, Geraint Pratten, Tomislav Prokopec, Hong Qi, Saeed Rastgoo, Angelo Ricciardone, Rocco Rollo, Diego Rubiera-Garcia, Olga Sergijenko, Stuart Shapiro, Deirdre Shoemaker, Alessandro Spallicci, Oleksandr Stashko, Leo C. Stein, Gianmassimo Tasinato, Andrew J. Tolley, Elias C. Vagenas, Stefan Vandoren, Daniele Vernieri, Rodrigo Vicente, Toby Wiseman, Valery I. Zhdanov, Miguel Zumalacárregui, UAM. Departamento de Física Teórica, Arun, K, Belgacem, E, Benkel, R, Bernard, L, Berti, E, Bertone, G, Besancon, M, Blas, D, Bohmer, C, Brito, R, Calcagni, G, Cardenas-Avendano, A, Clough, K, Crisostomi, M, De Luca, V, Doneva, D, Escoffier, S, Ezquiaga, J, Ferreira, P, Fleury, P, Foffa, S, Franciolini, G, Frusciante, N, Garcia-Bellido, J, Herdeiro, C, Hertog, T, Hinderer, T, Jetzer, P, Lombriser, L, Maggio, E, Maggiore, M, Mancarella, M, Maselli, A, Nampalliwar, S, Nichols, D, Okounkova, M, Pani, P, Paschalidis, V, Raccanelli, A, Randall, L, Renaux-Petel, S, Riotto, A, Ruiz, M, Saffer, A, Sakellariadou, M, Saltas, I, Sathyaprakash, B, Shao, L, Sopuerta, C, Sotiriou, T, Stergioulas, N, Tamanini, N, Vernizzi, F, Witek, H, Wu, K, Yagi, K, Yazadjiev, S, Yunes, N, Zilhao, M, Afshordi, N, Angonin, M, Baibhav, V, Barausse, E, Barreiro, T, Bartolo, N, Bellomo, N, Ben-Dayan, I, Bergshoeff, E, Bernuzzi, S, Bertacca, D, Bhagwat, S, Bonga, B, Burko, L, Compere, G, Cusin, G, da Silva, A, Das, S, de Rham, C, Destounis, K, Dimastrogiovanni, E, Duque, F, Easther, R, Farmer, H, Fasiello, M, Fisenko, S, Fransen, K, Frauendiener, J, Gair, J, Gergely, L, Gerosa, D, Gualtieri, L, Han, W, Hees, A, Helfer, T, Hennig, J, Jenkins, A, Kajfasz, E, Kaloper, N, Karas, V, Kavanagh, B, Klioner, S, Koushiappas, S, Lagos, M, Poncin-Lafitte, C, Lobo, F, Markakis, C, Martin-Moruno, P, Martins, C, Matarrese, S, Mayerson, D, Mimoso, J, Noller, J, Nunes, N, Oliveri, R, Orlando, G, Pappas, G, Pikovski, I, Pilo, L, Podolsky, J, Pratten, G, Prokopec, T, Qi, H, Rastgoo, S, Ricciardone, A, Rollo, R, Rubiera-Garcia, D, Sergijenko, O, Shapiro, S, Shoemaker, D, Spallicci, A, Stashko, O, Stein, L, Tasinato, G, Tolley, A, Vagenas, E, Vandoren, S, Vernieri, D, Vicente, R, Wiseman, T, Zhdanov, V, Zumalacarregui, M, Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPhP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique Théorique [Palaiseau] (CPHT), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des deux Infinis de Toulouse (L2IT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Théorique - UMR CNRS 3681 (IPHT), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Systèmes de Référence Temps Espace (SYRTE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement (LPCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LISA, Arun, K. G., Belgacem, Eni, Benkel, Robert, Bernard, Laura, Berti, Emanuele, Bertone, Gianfranco, Besancon, Marc, Blas, Diego, B??hmer, Christian G., Brito, Richard, Calcagni, Gianluca, Cardenas-Avenda??o, Alejandro, Clough, Katy, Crisostomi, Marco, De Luca, Valerio, Doneva, Daniela, Escoffier, Stephanie, Mar??a Ezquiaga, Jos??, Ferreira, Pedro G., Fleury, Pierre, Foffa, Stefano, Franciolini, Gabriele, Frusciante, Noemi, Garc??a-Bellido, Juan, Herdeiro, Carlo, Hertog, Thoma, Hinderer, Tanja, Jetzer, Philippe, Lombriser, Luca, Maggio, Elisa, Maggiore, Michele, Mancarella, Michele, Maselli, Andrea, Nampalliwar, Sourabh, Nichols, David, Okounkova, Maria, Pani, Paolo, Paschalidis, Vasileio, Raccanelli, Alvise, Randall, Lisa, Renaux-Petel, S??bastien, Riotto, Antonio, Ruiz, Milton, Saffer, Alexander, Sakellariadou, Mairi, Saltas, Ippocratis D., Sathyaprakash, B. S., Shao, Lijing, Sopuerta, Carlos F., Sotiriou, Thomas P., Stergioulas, Nikolao, Tamanini, Nicola, Vernizzi, Filippo, Witek, Helvi, Wu, Kinwah, Yagi, Kent, Yazadjiev, Stoytcho, Yunes, Nicol??, Zilh??o, Miguel, Afshordi, Niayesh, Angonin, Marie-Christine, Baibhav, Vishal, Barausse, Enrico, Barreiro, Tiago, Bartolo, Nicola, Bellomo, Nicola, Ben-Dayan, Ido, Bergshoeff, Eric A., Bernuzzi, Sebastiano, Bertacca, Daniele, Bhagwat, Swetha, Bonga, B??atrice, Burko, Lior M., Comp??re, Geoffrey, Cusin, Giulia, da Silva, Antonio, Das, Saurya, de Rham, Claudia, Destounis, Kyriako, Dimastrogiovanni, Ema, Duque, Francisco, Easther, Richard, Farmer, Honta, Fasiello, Matteo, Fisenko, Stanislav, Fransen, Kwinten, Frauendiener, J??rg, Gair, Jonathan, rp??d Gergely, L??szl??, Gerosa, Davide, Gualtieri, Leonardo, Han, Wen-Biao, Hees, Aurelien, Helfer, Thoma, Hennig, J??rg, Jenkins, Alexander C., Kajfasz, Eric, Kaloper, Nemanja, Karas, Vladim??r, Kavanagh, Bradley J., Klioner, Sergei A., Koushiappas, Savvas M., Lagos, Macarena, Le Poncin-Lafitte, Christophe, Lobo, Francisco S. N., Markakis, Charalampo, Mart??n-Moruno, Prado, Martins, C. J. A. P., Matarrese, Sabino, Mayerson, Daniel R., Mimoso, Jos?? P., Noller, Johanne, Nunes, Nelson J., Oliveri, Roberto, Orlando, Giorgio, Pappas, George, Pikovski, Igor, Pilo, Luigi, Podolsk??, Ji????, Pratten, Geraint, Prokopec, Tomislav, Qi, Hong, Rastgoo, Saeed, Ricciardone, Angelo, Rollo, Rocco, Rubiera-Garcia, Diego, Sergijenko, Olga, Shapiro, Stuart, Shoemaker, Deirdre, Spallicci, Alessandro, Stashko, Oleksandr, Stein, Leo C., Tasinato, Gianmassimo, Tolley, Andrew J., Vagenas, Elias C., Vandoren, Stefan, Vernieri, Daniele, Vicente, Rodrigo, Wiseman, Toby, Zhdanov, Valery I., Zumalac??rregui, Miguel, National Science Foundation (US), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, European Research Council, European Commission, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, Fundación 'la Caixa', Czech Science Foundation, Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), GRAPPA (ITFA, IoP, FNWI), and Astroparticle Physics (IHEF, IoP, FNWI)

Subjects
Astrofísica, PROTOPLANET MIGRATION, Física-Modelos matemáticos, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), gr-qc, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), GRAVITATIONAL-WAVES, horizon, Fundamental physic, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Physics, Particles & Fields, Gravitational waves, LIGO (Observatory), Tests of general relativity, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, DARK-MATTER, Física matemática, KOZAI MECHANISM, High Energy Physics, GENERAL-RELATIVITY, Fundamental physics, LISA, PRIMORDIAL BLACK-HOLES, Science & Technology, General Relativity and Cosmology, 83CXX, Physics, gravitation: interaction, gravitational radiation, Física, Compact, QUANTUM-GRAVITY, Physical Sciences, Astronomia, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], fundamental physics, gravitational waves, test of general relativity, MODIFIED GRAVITY, Gravitational wave, MULTIPOLE MOMENTS, HUBBLE CONSTANT
Abstract

K. G. Arun et al., The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) has the potential to reveal wonders about the fundamental theory of nature at play in the extreme gravity regime, where the gravitational interaction is both strong and dynamical. In this white paper, the Fundamental Physics Working Group of the LISA Consortium summarizes the current topics in fundamental physics where LISA observations of gravitational waves can be expected to provide key input. We provide the briefest of reviews to then delineate avenues for future research directions and to discuss connections between this working group, other working groups and the consortium work package teams. These connections must be developed for LISA to live up to its science potential in these areas., E. Berti is supported by NSF Grants No. PHY-1912550 and AST-2006538, NASA ATP Grants No. 17-ATP17-0225 and 19-ATP19-0051, NSF-XSEDE Grant No. PHY-090003, and NSF Grant PHY-20043. D. Blas is supported by a ‘Ayuda Beatriz Galindo Senior’ from the Spanish ‘Ministerio de Universidades’, grant BG20/00228. IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. The research leading of to these results has received funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2020-115845GB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). K. Clough is supported by funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 693024). A. Cárdenas-Avendaño acknowledges funding from the Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz (Project 5INV1) and from Will and Kacie Snellings. M. Crisostomi and E. Barausse are supported by the European Union’s H2020 ERC Consolidator Grant “GRavity from Astrophysical to Microscopic Scales” (Grant No. GRAMS-815673). P. Fleury received the support of a fellowship from “la Caixa” Foundation (ID 100010434). The fellowship code is LCF/BQ/PI19/11690018. C. Herdeiro thanks the support of the Center for Research and Development in Mathematics and Applications (CIDMA) through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia), references UIDB/04106/2020 and UIDP/04106/2020, the projects PTDC/FIS-OUT/28407/2017, CERN/FIS-PAR/0027/2019, PTDC/FIS-AST/3041/2020 and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation (RISE) programme H2020-MSCA-RISE-2017 Grant No. FunFiCO-777740. P. Pani and E. Maggio acknowledge financial support provided under the European Union’s H2020 ERC, Starting Grant agreement no. DarkGRA–757480, and under the MIUR PRIN and FARE programmes (GW-NEXT, CUP: B84I20000100001), and support from the Amaldi Research Center funded by the MIUR program “Dipartimento di Eccellenza” (CUP: B81I18001170001). N.Frusciante was supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through the research grants UIDB/04434/2020, UIDP/04434/2020, PTDC/FIS-OUT/29048/2017, CERN/FIS-PAR/0037/2019, the FCT project “CosmoTests—Cosmological tests of gravity theories beyond General Relativity” with ref. number CEECIND/00017/2018 and the FCT project “BEYLA –BEYond LAmbda” with ref. number PTDC/FIS-AST/0054/2021. L.Lombriser was supported by a Swiss National Science Foundation Professorship grant (No. 170547). S.N. acknowledges support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. D.N. acknowledges support from the NSF Grant No. PHY-2011784. R.B. acknowledges financial support from FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., under the Scientific Employment Stimulus - Individual Call - 2020.00470.CEECIND. V. Paschalidis acknowledges support from NSF Grant PHY-1912619 and NASA Grant 80NSSC20K1542 to the University of Arizona. B.S.S. is supported by NSF grants No. AST-2006384 and PHY-2012083. C.F.S. is supported by contracts ESP2017-90084-P and PID2019-106515GB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation) and 2017-SGR-1469 (AGAUR, Generalitat de Catalunya). T. P. S. acknowledges partial support from the STFC Consolidated Grant No. ST/P000703/1. M. Ruiz acknowledges support from NASA Grant 80NSSC17K0070 to the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. I.D. Saltas is supported by the Czech Science Foundation GAČR, Grant No. 21-16583M. N. Stergioulas is supported by the ESA Prodex grant PEA:4000132310 “LISA Stochastic Signals Analysis Pipeline”. F.V. acknowledges partial support from CNES. K.Y. acknowledges support from NSF Grant PHY-1806776, NASA Grant 80NSSC20K0523, a Sloan Foundation Research Fellowship and the Owens Family Foundation. K.Y. would like to also acknowledge support by the COST Action GWverse CA16104 and JSPS KAKENHI Grants No. JP17H06358. N. Yunes acknowledges support from NASA Grants No. NNX16AB98G, 80NSSC17M0041 and 80NSSC18K1352, NSF Award No. 1759615, and the Simons Foundation through MPS Award Number 896696. D.D. acknowledge financial support via an Emmy Noether Research Group funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG) under grant no. DO 1771/1-1.

Published
2022

24. Footprints of the QCD Crossover on Cosmological Gravitational Waves at Pulsar Timing Arrays.

Author

Franciolini G, Racco D, and Rompineve F

Abstract

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) have reported evidence for a stochastic gravitational wave (GW) background at nanohertz frequencies, possibly originating in the early Universe. We show that the spectral shape of the low-frequency (causality) tail of GW signals sourced at temperatures around T≳1  GeV is distinctively affected by confinement of strong interactions (QCD), due to the corresponding sharp decrease in the number of relativistic species, and significantly deviates from ∼f^{3} commonly adopted in the literature. Bayesian analyses in the NANOGrav 15 years and the previous international PTA datasets reveal a significant improvement in the fit with respect to cubic power-law spectra, previously employed for the causality tail. While no conclusion on the nature of the signal can be drawn at the moment, our results show that the inclusion of standard model effects on cosmological GWs can have a decisive impact on model selection.

Published
2024
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25. Recent Gravitational Wave Observation by Pulsar Timing Arrays and Primordial Black Holes: The Importance of Non-Gaussianities.

Author

Franciolini G, Iovino AJ, Vaskonen V, and Veermäe H

Abstract

We study whether the signal seen by pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) may originate from gravitational waves (GWs) induced by large primordial perturbations. Such perturbations may be accompanied by a sizable primordial black hole (PBH) abundance. We improve existing analyses and show that PBH overproduction disfavors Gaussian scenarios for scalar-induced GWs at 2σ and single-field inflationary scenarios, accounting for non-Gaussianity, at 3σ as the explanation of the most constraining NANOGrav 15-year data. This tension can be relaxed in models where non-Gaussianities suppress the PBH abundance. On the flip side, the PTA data does not constrain the abundance of PBHs.

Published
2023
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26. Heavy Primordial Black Holes from Strongly Clustered Light Black Holes.

Author

De Luca V, Franciolini G, and Riotto A

Abstract

We show that heavy primordial black holes may originate from much lighter ones if the latter are strongly clustered at the time of their formation. While this population is subject to the usual constraints from late-time universe observations, its relation to the initial conditions is different from the standard scenario and provides a new mechanism to generate massive primordial black holes even in the absence of efficient accretion, opening new scenarios, e.g., for the generation of supermassive black holes.

Published
2023
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27. Ruling Out Initially Clustered Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter.

Author

De Luca V, Franciolini G, Riotto A, and Veermäe H

Abstract

Combining constraints from microlensing and Lyman-α forest, we provide a simple argument to show that large spatial clustering of stellar-mass primordial black holes at the time of formation, such as the one induced by the presence of large non-Gaussianities, is ruled out. Therefore, it is not possible to evade existing constraints preventing stellar-mass primordial black holes from being a dominant constituent of the dark matter by boosting their initial clustering.

Published
2022
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28. GW190521 Mass Gap Event and the Primordial Black Hole Scenario.

Author

De Luca V, Desjacques V, Franciolini G, Pani P, and Riotto A

Abstract

The LIGO/Virgo Collaboration has recently observed GW190521, the first binary black hole merger with at least the primary component mass in the mass gap predicted by the pair-instability supernova theory. This observation disfavors the standard stellar-origin formation scenario for the heavier black hole, motivating alternative hypotheses. We show that GW190521 cannot be explained within the primordial black hole (PBH) scenario if PBHs do not accrete during their cosmological evolution, since this would require an abundance which is already in tension with current constraints. On the other hand, GW190521 may have a primordial origin if PBHs accrete efficiently before the reionization epoch.

Published
2021
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29. Cutaneous metastases from carcinoma of the cervix.

Author

Franciolini G, Momoli G, Minelli L, Mutolo F, Franchini MA, Chiodini S, and Zorzi F

Subjects
Aged, Female, Humans, Thigh, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell secondary, Skin Neoplasms secondary, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms pathology
Abstract

Skin metastases from internal malignancies are rare, particularly those originating from carcinoma of the cervix: only 11 cases have been reported in the medical literature since 1940. We describe the case of a cutaneous metastases from a squamous-cell carcinoma of the cervix that was solitary, unusual for its location, and with the longest survival reported so far.

Published
1990
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