9 results on '"Finlay, Ross"'
Search Results
2. Spawning-related movements in a salmonid appear timed to reduce exposure to visually oriented predators
- Author
-
Finlay, Ross W., Poole, Russell, French, Andrew S., Phillips, Karl P., Kaufmann, Joshka, Doogan, Aisling, Cotter, Deirdre, McGinnity, Philip, and Reed, Thomas E.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Autumn outmigrants in brown trout (Salmo trutta) are not a demographic dead‐end.
- Author
-
Wynne, Robert, Kaufmann, Joshka, Coughlan, Jamie, Phillips, Karl. P., Waters, Catherine, Finlay, Ross W., Rogan, Ger, Poole, Russell, McGinnity, Philip, and Reed, Thomas E.
- Subjects
BROWN trout ,AUTUMN ,SPRING ,SEA trout ,MARINE habitats ,RETURN migration - Abstract
Genetic identity analysis and PIT (passive integrated transponder) tagging were used to examine the freshwater return rates and phenotypic characteristics of n = 1791 downstream migrating juvenile Salmo trutta in the Burrishoole catchment (northwest Ireland) across the period September 2017 to December 2020. In this system, juveniles out‐migrate (move from freshwater into brackish or marine habitats) in every month of the year, with distinct seasonal peaks in spring (March through June; mostly silvered smolts) and autumn (September through December; mostly younger, unsilvered fry or parr). Both types exhibited a sex‐bias towards females, which was stronger in spring (78% females) than in autumn outmigrants (67%). Sixty‐nine returning fish were matched back to previous juvenile outmigrants, and similar return rates were found for spring outmigrants (5.0%), autumn outmigrants (3.3%) and fish that out‐migrated outside of spring or autumn (2.8%). Spring and autumn outmigrants returned at similar dates (typically mid to late July), but autumn fish were away for longer periods (median = 612 days; spring outmigrants = 104 days). Autumn outmigrants were 25% smaller than spring outmigrants at outmigration and 6% smaller on their return, and within both groups smaller/younger outmigrants spent longer away than larger/older outmigrants. Autumn outmigrants were more likely to return unsilvered as "slob" trout (84%) than spring outmigrants (31%), suggesting they make greater use of brackish habitats that might be safer, but less productive, than fully marine habitats. Nonetheless, both types also produced silvered "sea trout" (≥1+ sea‐age), implying neither is locked into a single life‐history strategy. The findings emphasise that autumn outmigrants and the transitional habitats that support their persistence should not be overlooked in salmonid management and conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Environmental drivers of spatiotemporal variation in the movement, performance, and genetic structure of brown trout and Atlantic salmon
- Author
-
Finlay, Ross, Reed, Thomas, and Poole, Russell
- Subjects
Osmoregulation ,Phenology ,Population genetics ,Salmo salar ,Telemetry ,Salmo trutta ,Behaviour ,Parasites ,Dispersal ,Salmonid ,Migration ,Gene flow - Abstract
Environmental conditions vary spatially and temporally, providing organisms with both challenges and opportunities. Animals have evolved a spectacular variety of migratory behaviours to take advantage of environmental variation, particularly in cases where this variation is predictable. The spatiotemporal pattern of migratory movements displayed by a population or species can be thought of as the evolutionary outcome of trade-offs amongst life history traits. As such, the study of animal movement in relation to environmental heterogeneity can yield valuable insights into the proximate and ultimate drivers of migratory behaviours as well as the behavioural mechanisms underpinning genetic structure. Against this background, the overarching aim of this thesis is to investigate the role of environmental heterogeneity in shaping locally-adapted migratory behaviours, finescale genetic structure and physiological performance in populations of wild brown trout (Salmo trutta) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Using telemetry data from passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags, I investigated the fine scale spatiotemporal patterns of spawning-related movements of brown trout between a feeding lake and two spawning streams (one inflowing, one outflowing, separated by < 100 m) over two spawning seasons. The timing of seasonal, daily and diel movements was strongly associated with variation in photoperiod, stream height and moon phase. Movement activity was highest at night, and particularly on nights with minimal lunar illumination and high water levels, suggesting that trout synchronise their spawning movements with environmental conditions that minimise their visibility to predators. Males began their movements between the lake and vii streams significantly earlier in the spawning season than females (protandry) and were generally more active. A substantial proportion of trout entered both spawning streams during the spawning periods, providing potential sources of gene flow between the two streams. However, Bayesian analyses revealed the existence of subtle genetic differentiation between juvenile trout sampled in the two streams and indicated that gene flow was strongly asymmetrical in a predominantly downstream (i.e. inflow to outflow) direction. Thus, natal dispersal between the two streams appears to be more common amongst trout that hatch in the inflow than the outflow. These findings have important implications for genetic diversity and local adaptation of fish stocks in fluvial and lacustrine environments. The collection of PIT-derived data in fluvial habitats is often hindered by the fragility of PIT antennae when exposed to high flows and flotsam. In Chapter 3 I present a novel PIT antenna design I developed for use in flood-prone spatey rivers. This design allows flotsam to pass without causing significant damage to antennae and was crucial for collecting the data used in Chapters 4 and 5 and in Appendix A. The performance of migratory populations can be strongly influenced by factors that affect the physiology or survival of migrants in any encountered habitat. I therefore investigated whether the acanthocephalan endoparasite Pomphorhynchus laevis causes a habitat-specific (i.e. freshwater or saltwater) pathology in Atlantic salmon smolts. Peculiarly for the species, the Irish strain of P. laevis uses salmonids, instead of cyprinids, as its preferred definitive hosts. Despite observing high prevalence of the parasite amongst wild smolts and high infection intensities in some individuals, I found no evidence of a pathological effect of infection in fresh or salt water. viii However, I did demonstrate that this freshwater parasite can survive in smolts in salinities similar to those found in coastal waters for at least 72 hours. Thus, the coastal roaming behaviour of Irish sea trout may have facilitated the colonisation of Irish river systems, resulting in the exceptionally widespread distribution of the parasite in Ireland. Collectively, these results contribute to our knowledge of how environmental heterogeneity influences the movement, performance, distribution and genetic structure of organisms in aquatic environments. As modern environmental changes occur at an unprecedented pace, such knowledge may provide us with the ability to anticipate, and perhaps even ameliorate, the impacts that anthropogenic activities have on migratory species.
- Published
- 2020
5. Development of a Double‐Breakaway Pass‐Through PIT Tag Antenna System for Flood‐Prone Rivers.
- Author
-
Finlay, Ross, Poole, Russell, and Reed, Thomas E.
- Subjects
LOOP antennas ,ANTENNAS (Electronics) ,RIPARIAN areas ,FLOOD damage ,MAINTENANCE costs - Abstract
Pass‐through PIT antennae are often used in river and stream habitats to monitor the movement of aquatic species. Where these habitats are prone to high flows that contain suspended debris, traditional pass‐through antennae designs are particularly vulnerable to damage, which can be time consuming and expensive to repair and lead to extended gaps in data collection. We designed and tested a novel pass‐through half duplex (HDX) antenna system that allows the antenna loop to (1) break away from one river bank under predetermined strain and (2) split into two separate cables, thereby shedding entangled debris that could otherwise damage or dislodge the antenna system. After break away events, our system can be rapidly reconnected and redeployed without the need for personnel to enter the water, reducing maintenance time and costs while minimizing gaps in data. In locations where pass‐through antennae are prone to flood damage, this system offers distinct advantages over traditional designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Telemetry and genetics reveal asymmetric dispersal of a lake‐feeding salmonid between inflow and outflow spawning streams at a microgeographic scale.
- Author
-
Finlay, Ross, Poole, Russell, Coughlan, Jamie, Phillips, Karl P., Prodöhl, Paulo, Cotter, Deirdre, McGinnity, Philip, and Reed, Thomas E.
- Subjects
- *
ANIMAL dispersal , *PHILOPATRY , *GENETICS , *TELEMETRY , *ANIMAL sexual behavior , *GENE flow , *BEHAVIOR genetics - Abstract
The degree of natal philopatry relative to natal dispersal in animal populations has important demographic and genetic consequences and often varies substantially within species. In salmonid fishes, lakes have been shown to have a strong influence on dispersal and gene flow within catchments; for example, populations spawning in inflow streams are often reproductively isolated and genetically distinct from those spawning in relatively distant outflow streams. Less is known, however, regarding the level of philopatry and genetic differentiation occurring at microgeographic scales, for example, where inflow and outflow streams are separated by very small expanses of lake habitat. Here, we investigated the interplay between genetic differentiation and fine‐scale spawning movements of brown trout between their lake‐feeding habitat and two spawning streams (one inflow, one outflow, separated by <100 m of lake habitat). Most (69.2%) of the lake‐tagged trout subsequently detected during the spawning period were recorded in just one of the two streams, consistent with natal fidelity, while the remainder were detected in both streams, creating an opportunity for these individuals to spawn in both natal and non‐natal streams. The latter behavior was supported by genetic sibship analysis, which revealed several half‐sibling dyads containing one individual that was sampled as a fry in the outflow and another that was sampled as fry in the inflow. Genetic clustering analyses in conjunction with telemetry data suggested that asymmetrical dispersal patterns were occurring, with natal fidelity being more common among individuals originating from the outflow than the inflow stream. This was corroborated by Bayesian analysis of gene flow, which indicated significantly higher rates of gene flow from the inflow into the outflow than vice versa. Collectively, these results reveal how a combination of telemetry and genetics can identify distinct reproductive behaviors and associated asymmetries in natal dispersal that produce subtle, but nonetheless biologically relevant, population structuring at microgeographic scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Environmental influences on life history strategies in partially anadromous brown trout (Salmo trutta, Salmonidae).
- Author
-
Nevoux, Marie, Finstad, Bengt, Davidsen, Jan Grimsrud, Finlay, Ross, Josset, Quentin, Poole, Russell, Höjesjö, Johan, Aarestrup, Kim, Persson, Lo, Tolvanen, Oula, and Jonsson, Bror
- Subjects
SEA trout ,BROWN trout ,SALMONIDAE ,LIFE history theory ,COMPETITION (Biology) - Abstract
This paper reviews the life history of brown trout and factors influencing decisions to migrate. Decisions that maximize fitness appear dependent on size at age. In partly anadromous populations, individuals that attain maturity at the parr stage typically become freshwater resident. For individual fish, the life history is not genetically fixed and can be modified by the previous growth history and energetic state in early life. This phenotypic plasticity may be influenced by epigenetic modifications of the genome. Thus, factors influencing survival and growth determine life‐history decisions. These are intra‐ and interspecific competition, feeding and shelter opportunities in freshwater and salt water, temperature in alternative habitats and flow conditions in running water. Male trout exhibit alternative mating strategies and can spawn as a subordinate sneaker or a dominant competitor. Females do not exhibit alternative mating behaviour. The relationship between growth, size and reproductive success differs between sexes in that females exhibit a higher tendency to migrate than males. Southern populations are sensitive to global warming. In addition, fisheries, aquaculture with increased spreading of salmon lice, introduction of new species, weirs and river regulation, poor water quality and coastal developments all threaten trout populations. The paper summarizes life‐history data from six populations across Europe and ends by presenting new research questions and directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. U-Mo Plate Blister Anneal Interim Report
- Author
-
Finlay, Ross
- Published
- 2010
9. Investigating post-depositional alteration of trace elements in fish scales using tagged and recaptured wild salmon.
- Author
-
Tray, Elizabeth, Brophy, Deirdre, Maoiléidigh, Niall Ó, Finlay, Ross, de Eyto, Elvira, Poole, Russell, and Crowley, Quentin G.
- Subjects
- *
SCALES (Fishes) , *TRACE elements , *ATLANTIC salmon , *SALMON , *PLASMA spectroscopy - Abstract
Non-invasive methods are needed to enable indirect observation of vulnerable migratory fish populations across their life cycle and spatial distribution. Microchemistry data, such as trace element (TE) concentrations, collected non-invasively from the biomineral in fish scales can be used to characterize fish life history (habitat usage, fish provenance). However, scales are generally underutilized in microchemistry studies, due to conflicting evidence regarding the temporal stability of their composition. Some studies have found TE concentrations from scales are stable and reflect environmental conditions and habitat usage through time, while others have found that TE concentrations can change significantly after deposition in fish which have undertaken migration or spawning. Furthermore, validating TE proxies, such as fish scales, is extremely challenging for vulnerable populations because they have notoriously low survival rates in the wild, making tag and recapture experiments incredibly difficult. This study aimed to directly quantify changes in TE concentrations in scales collected from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar , L.) at the juvenile and adult life stage. Over 1800 wild Atlantic salmon were tagged with passive integrated tags and, remarkably, 3 fish were successfully recaptured as adults. Individuals were sampled twice in the freshwater as juveniles, and again upon recapture during their return migration as adults. Scales were analyzed for concentrations of Ba, Sr, Mg, Mn, Fe, and Zn, using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (LA-ICPMS). Mixed effects models found significant changes in TE concentrations, between the juvenile scale and freshwater portion of the adult scale for all elements. Post depositional alteration may be caused by continued crystallization of scale apatite after migration, or scale reabsorption during the pre-spawning period. Future work could investigate the TE signal of fish recaptured at sea, to determine exactly when TE concentrations become modified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.