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1. Reduced state conducting polymers

Author

Eastwick-Field, Vanessa Mary

Subjects
541, QD Chemistry
Abstract

The work presented in this thesis is concerned with reduced state conducting polymers, and in particular with poly(pyridine). The electroreductive polymerisation of 2,5-dibromopyridine based on either the Ni(0)(PPh3)4] or [Ni(0)(bpy)3ClO4)2] systems was investigated. The results obtained via both routes are discussed in terms of their respective mechanisms. The initial steps of the polymerisation based on the latter system are analysed using a specially developed kinetic theory. Although the theory was designed specifically to better understand the mechanism of electrosynthesis of poly(pyridine), it has a broader usage for the electrochemist because it describes the limiting current responses of second order ECE reactions at RDEs. The nature of poly(pyridine) prepared by both routes is investigated, and the results obtained are discussed in terms of their structural implications. Although the definitive nature of the polymers is still unclear, a particularly interesting possibility is that the polymers prepared from the [Ni(0)(bpy)3ClO4)2]/2,5-Br2Py/TEAP/AN system are “pyridylonickel strings”. The electrosynthesis of poly(azines) using the [Ni(0)(bpy)3ClO4)2]route is reported, and demonstrates that this strategy can be successfully exploited in the preparation of novel reduced state conducting polymers. Suggestions for further work forming an extension to this thesis are given in the final chapter.

Published
1991

2. Travel-associated diseases, Indian Ocean islands, 1997-2010

Author

Savini, Helene, Gautret, Philippe, Gaudart, Jean, Field, Vanessa, Castelli, Francesco, Lopez-Velez, Rogelio, Lim, Poh Lian, Shaw, Marc, von Sonnenburg, Frank, Loutan, Louis, and Simon, Fabrice

Subjects
Infection -- Health aspects, Malaria -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

The outbreak of chikungunya fever in Indian Ocean islands (IOI) provides new insights on emerging infections in this geographic region (1). We present data collected over 14 years from travelers [...]

Published
2013
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3. Travel-Related Infection in European Travelers, EuroTravNet 2011

Author

Warne, Ben, Weld, Leisa H., Cramer, Jakob P., Field, Vanessa K., Grobusch, Martin P., Caumes, Eric, Jensenius, Mogens, Gautret, Philippe, Schlagenhauf, Patricia, Castelli, Francesco, Lalloo, David G., Ursing, Johan, Chappuis, François, von Sonnenburg, Frank, López-Vélez, Rogelio, Rapp, Christophe, Smith, Kitty C., Parola, Philippe, and Gkrania-Klotsas, Effrossyni

Published
2014
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5. Travel-related infections presenting in Europe: a 20-year analysis of EuroTravNet surveillance data

Author

Grobusch, Martin P., Weld, Leisa, Goorhuis, Abraham, Hamer, Davidson H., Schunk, Mirjam, Jordan, Sabine, Mockenhaupt, Frank P., Chappuis, François, Asgeirsson, Hilmir, Caumes, Eric, Jensenius, Mogens, van Genderen, Perry J.J., Castelli, Francesco, López-Velez, Rogelio, Field, Vanessa, Bottieau, Emmanuel, Molina, Israel, Rapp, Christophe, Ménendez, Marta Díaz, Gkrania-Klotsas, Effrossyni, Larsen, Carsten S., Malvy, Denis, Lalloo, David, Gobbi, Federico, Florescu, Simin A., Gautret, Philippe, Schlagenhauf, Patricia, Stijnis, Kees, van Vugt, Michèle, Rothe, Camilla, von Sonnenburg, Frank, Vinnemeier, Christof, Ramharter, Michael, Equihua Martinez, Gabriela, Gertler, Maximilian, Eperon, Gilles, Ursing, Johan, Glans, Hedvig, Hægeland, Arnhild, Joof, Mona, Stuij, Corine, Odolini, Silvia, Tomasoni, Lina, Chamorro, Sandra, Lankester, Ted, Salvador, Fernando, Serre-Delcor, Nuria, Ficko, Cécile, Trigo, Elena, Warne, Benjamin, Jespersen, Sanne, Weijse, Christian, Duvignaud, Alexandre, Pistone, Thierry, Beeching, Nicholas, Beadsworth, Mike, Rodari, Paola, Moro, Lucia, Popescu, Corneliu P., Zaharia, Mihaela F., Javelle, Emilie, Parola, Philippe, Weber, Rainer, and Schmid-Stoll, Sabine

Subjects
wa_108
Abstract

Background\ud Disease epidemiology of (re-)emerging infectious diseases is changing rapidly, rendering surveillance of travel-associated illness important.\ud \ud Methods\ud We evaluated travel-related illness encountered at EuroTravNet clinics, the European surveillance sub-network of GeoSentinel, between March 1, 1998 and March 31, 2018.\ud \ud Findings\ud 103,739 ill travellers were evaluated, including 11,239 (10.8%) migrants, 89,620 (86.4%) patients seen post-travel, and 2,880 (2.8%) during and after travel. Despite increasing numbers of patient encounters over 20 years, the regions of exposure by year of clinic visits have remained stable. In 5-year increments, greater proportions of patients were migrants or visiting friends and relatives (VFR); business travel-associated illness remained stable; tourism-related illness decreased. Falciparum malaria was amongst the most-frequently diagnosed illnesses with 5,254 cases (5.1% of all patients) and the most-frequent cause of death (risk ratio versus all other illnesses 2.5:1). Animal exposures requiring rabies post-exposure prophylaxis increased from 0.7% (1998-2002) to 3.6% (2013-2018). The proportion of patients with seasonal influenza increased from zero in 1998-2002 to 0.9% in 2013-2018. There were 44 cases of viral haemorrhagic fever, most during the past five years. Arboviral infection numbers increased significantly as did the range of presenting arboviral diseases, Dengue and chikungunya diagnoses increased by 2.6% and 1%, respectively.\ud \ud Interpretation\ud Travel medicine must adapt to serve the changing profile of travellers, with an increase in migrants and persons visiting relatives and friends and the strong emergence of vector-borne diseases, with potential for further local transmission in Europe.\ud \ud Funding\ud This project was supported by a cooperative agreement (U50CK00189) between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to the International Society of Travel Medicine (ISTM) and funding from the ISTM and the Public Health Agency of Canada.

Published
2020

6. Cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis in travellers and migrants: a 20-year GeoSentinel Surveillance Network analysis

Author

Boggild, Andrea, Caumes, Eric, Grobusch, Martin, Schwartz, Eli, Hynes, Noreen, Libman, Michael, Connor, Bradley, Chakrabarti, Sumontra, Parola, Philippe, Keystone, Jay, Nash, Theodore, Showler, Adrienne, Schunk, Mirjam, Asgeirsson, Hilmir, Hamer, Davidson, Kain, Kevin, Von Sonnenburg, Frank, Rothe, Camilla, Jordan, Sabine, Vinnemeier, Christof, Yansouni, Cedric, McCarthy, Anne, Jensenius, Mogens, Goorhuis, Abraham, Coyle, Christina, Mockenhaupt, Frank, Harms-Zwingengerger, Gundel, Leung, Daniel, Benson, Scott, Gautret, Philippe, Javelle, Emilie, Chappuis, François, Rapp, Christophe, Ficko, Cécile, Van Genderen, Perry, Glans, Hedvig, Beadsworth, Michael, Beeching, Nicholas, Castelli, Francesco, Matteelli, Alberto, Plewes, Katherine, Mirzanejad, Yazdan, López-Vélez, Rogelio, Chamorro, Sandra, Waggoner, Jesse, Wu, Henry, Leder, Karin, Torresi, Joseph, Bottieau, Emmanuel, Huits, Ralph, Chen, Lin, Bourque, Daniel, Alpern, Jonathan, Stauffer, William, Cahill, John, Wyler, Ben, Haulman, Jean, Terry, Anne, Licitra, Carmelo, Taylor, Ashley, Perret Perez, Cecilia, Weitzel, Thomas, Gkrania-Klotsas, Effrossyni, Warne, Ben, Schlagenhauf, Patricia, Weber, Rainer, Schade Larsen, Carsten, Wejse, Christian, Barnett, Elizabeth, Hochberg, Natasha, Barkati, Sapha, Vincelette, Jean, Molina, Israel, Malvy, Denis, Duvignaud, Alexandre, Mendelson, Marc, Parker, Salim, Johnston, Victoria, Field, Vanessa, Kuhn, Susan, Piyaphanee, Watcharapong, Silachamroon, Udomsak, Diaz-Menendez, Marta, Kelly, Paul, Blumberg, Lucille, de Frey, Albie, Pandey, Prativa, Amatya, Bhawana, Mavunda, Kunjana, Saio, Mauro, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Department of Infectious Diseases [Amsterdam, Netherlands] (Academic Medical Center), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA)-Center for Tropical and Travel Medicine [Amsterdam, Netherlands], Laboratoire de Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires (PPSM), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Tropical Diseases [Montréal] (TDC), McGill University, Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Tropical Disease Unit [Toronto, Canada], University of Toronto, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées, Geneva University Hospitals - HUG [Switzerland], Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Begin, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia, Monash University [Clayton], Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University NHS Trust, Service de médecine interne et maladies infectieuses, CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux]-Groupe hospitalier Pellegrin, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), University of Cape Town, National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD), CIWEC Clinic Travel Medicine Center, Katmandu, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine - Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin [Hamburg, Germany] (BNITM), National Institute for Communicable Diseases [Johannesburg] (NICD), Infectious diseases, AII - Infectious diseases, APH - Aging & Later Life, APH - Global Health, and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA)

Subjects
Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous, Male, Immigration, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Epidemiology, Species identification, 030212 general & internal medicine, Political instability, Child, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Aged, 80 and over, Transients and Migrants, Cutaneous leishmaniasis, Geosentinel, Mucosal leishmaniasis, Skin lesions after travel, Tegumentary leishmaniasis, Vector-borne disease, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, General Medicine, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Child, Preschool, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Female, Original Article, Travel-Related Illness, Adult, Costa Rica, Bolivia, Canada, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, media_common.quotation_subject, 030231 tropical medicine, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, medicine, Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Aged, Syria, business.industry, Afghanistan, Infant, Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, medicine.disease, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, business, Demography
Abstract

Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) may be emerging among international travellers and migrants. Limited data exist on mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL) in travellers. We describe the epidemiology of travel-associated CL and MCL among international travellers and immigrants over a 20-year period through descriptive analysis of GeoSentinel data. Methods Demographic and travel-related data on returned international travellers diagnosed with CL or MCL at a GeoSentinel Surveillance Network site between 1 September 1997 and 31 August 2017 were analysed. Results A total of 955 returned travellers or migrants were diagnosed with travel-acquired CL (n = 916) or MCL during the study period, of whom 10% (n = 97) were migrants. For the 858 non-migrant travellers, common source countries were Bolivia (n = 156, 18.2%) and Costa Rica (n = 97, 11.3%), while for migrants, they were Syria (n = 34, 35%) and Afghanistan (n = 22, 22.7%). A total of 99 travellers (10%) acquired their disease on trips of ≤ 2 weeks. Of 274 cases for which species identification was available, Leishmania Viannia braziliensis was the most well-represented strain (n = 117, 42.7%), followed by L. major (n = 40, 14.6%) and L. V. panamensis (n = 38, 13.9%). Forty cases of MCL occurred, most commonly in tourists (n = 29, 72.5%) and from Bolivia (n = 18, 45%). A total of 10% of MCL cases were acquired in the Old World. Conclusions Among GeoSentinel reporting sites, CL is predominantly a disease of tourists travelling mostly to countries in Central and South America such as Bolivia where risk of acquiring L. V. braziliensis and subsequent MCL is high. The finding that some travellers acquired leishmaniasis on trips of short duration challenges the common notion that CL is a disease of prolonged travel. Migrants from areas of conflict and political instability, such as Afghanistan and Syria, were well represented, suggesting that as mass migration of refugees continues, CL will be increasingly encountered in intake countries.

Published
2019
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7. Travel and migration associated infectious diseases morbidity in Europe, 2008

Author

Lopez-Velez Rogelio, Weld Leisa, Gkrania-Klotsas Effrossyni, Castelli Francesco, Jensenius Mogens, Caumes Eric, Burchard Gerd-Dieter, Schlagenhauf Patricia, Gautret Philippe, Field Vanessa, de Vries Peter, von Sonnenburg Frank, Loutan Louis, and Parola Philippe

Subjects
Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Europeans represent the majority of international travellers and clinicians encountering returned patients have an essential role in recognizing, and communicating travel-associated public health risks. Methods To investigate the morbidity of travel associated infectious diseases in European travellers, we analysed diagnoses with demographic, clinical and travel-related predictors of disease, in 6957 ill returned travellers who presented in 2008 to EuroTravNet centres with a presumed travel associated condition. Results Gastro-intestinal (GI) diseases accounted for 33% of illnesses, followed by febrile systemic illnesses (20%), dermatological conditions (12%) and respiratory illnesses (8%). There were 3 deaths recorded; a sepsis caused by Escherichia coli pyelonephritis, a dengue shock syndrome and a Plasmodium falciparum malaria. GI conditions included bacterial acute diarrhea (6.9%), as well as giardiasis and amebasis (2.3%). Among febrile systemic illnesses with identified pathogens, malaria (5.4%) accounted for most cases followed by dengue (1.9%) and others including chikungunya, rickettsial diseases, leptospirosis, brucellosis, Epstein Barr virus infections, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and viral hepatitis. Dermatological conditions were dominated by bacterial infections, arthropod bites, cutaneous larva migrans and animal bites requiring rabies post-exposure prophylaxis and also leishmaniasis, myasis, tungiasis and one case of leprosy. Respiratory illness included 112 cases of tuberculosis including cases of multi-drug resistant or extensively drug resistant tuberculosis, 104 cases of influenza like illness, and 5 cases of Legionnaires disease. Sexually transmitted infections (STI) accounted for 0.6% of total diagnoses and included HIV infection and syphilis. A total of 165 cases of potentially vaccine preventable diseases were reported. Purpose of travel and destination specific risk factors was identified for several diagnoses such as Chagas disease in immigrant travellers from South America and P. falciparum malaria in immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa. Travel within Europe was also associated with health risks with distinctive profiles for Eastern and Western Europe. Conclusions In 2008, a broad spectrum of travel associated diseases were diagnosed at EuroTravNet core sites. Diagnoses varied according to regions visited by ill travellers. The spectrum of travel associated morbidity also shows that there is a need to dispel the misconception that travel, close to home, in Europe, is without significant health risk.

Published
2010
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8. Malaria after international travel: a GeoSentinel analysis, 2003-2016

Author

Angelo, Kristina M., Libman, Michael, Caumes, Eric, Hamer, Davidson H., Kain, Kevin C., Leder, Karin, Grobusch, Martin P., Hagmann, Stefan H., Kozarsky, Phyllis, Lalloo, David G., Lim, Poh-Lian, Patimeteeporn, Calvin, Gautret, Philippe, Odolini, Silvia, Chappuis, Franã§ois, Esposito, Douglas H., Javelle, Emilie, Castelli, Francesco, Matteelli, Alberto, Perignon, Alice, Rothe, Camilla, Rapp, Christoph, Ficko, Cecile, Schwartz, Eli, Von Sonnenburg, Frank, Piyaphanee, Watcharapong, Silachamroon, Udomsak, Boggild, Andrea, Van Genderen, Perry, Torresi, Joe, Jensenius, Mogens, Kanagawa, Shuzo, Kato, Yasuyuki, Yansouni, Cedric, Mccarthy, Anne, Kelly, Paul, Goorhuis, Bram, López-Vélez, Rogelio, Norman, Francesco, Mendelson, Marc, Vincent, Peter, Gkrania-Klotsas, Effrossyni, Warne, Ben, Malvy, Denis, Duvignaud, Alexandre, Bottieau, Emanuel, Clerinx, Joannes, Coyle, Christina, Àsgeirsson, Hilmer, Glans, Hedvig, Schlagenhauf, Patricia, Weber, Rainer, Mockenhaupt, Frank, Harms-Zwingenberger, Gundel, Beeching, Nicholas, Hajek, Jan, Ghesquiere, Wayne, Henry, Wu, Barnett, Elizabeth, Hockberg, Natasha, Yoshimura, Yukiriro, Tachikawa, Natsuo, Cahill, John, Mckinley, George, Stauffer, William, Walker, Pat, Kuhn, Susan, Chen, Lin, Leung, Daniel, Benson, Scott, Larsen, Carsten Schade, Wejse, Christian, Field, Vanessa, Licitra, Carmelo, Klochko, Alena, Hynes, Noreen, Perez, Cecilia Perret, Connor, Bradley, Murphy, Holly, Pandey, Prativa, Vincelette, Jean, Barkati, Sapha, Florescu, Simin Aysel, Popescu, Corneliu Petru, Blumberg, Lucille, De Frey, Albie, Anderson, Susan, Shaw, Marc, Hern, Annemarie, Molina, Israel, Yates, Johnnie, Siu, Hugo, Valdez, Luis Manuel, Haulman, Jean, Roesel, David, Phu, Phi Truong Hoang, Borwein, Sarah, Division of Global Migration and Quarantine [Atlanta, GA, USA], Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Centre for Tropical Diseases [Montréal] (TDC), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Department of Global Health and Center for Global Health and Development [Boston, MA, USA], Boston University [Boston] (BU), Tropical Disease Unit [Toronto, Canada], University of Toronto, Victorian Infectious Diseases Service [Victoria, Australia], The Royal Melbourne Hospital, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine [Monash University-Melbourne], Monash University [Melbourne], Department of Infectious Diseases [Amsterdam, Netherlands] (Academic Medical Center), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA)-Center for Tropical and Travel Medicine [Amsterdam, Netherlands], Cohen Children’s Medical Center, Department of Medicine [Atlanta, GA, USA], Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM), Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology [Singapore, Singapore], Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases [Brescia, Italy], University of Brescia and Spedali Civili General Hospital [Brescia, Italy], Geneva University Hospitals - HUG [Switzerland], Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Tan Tock Seng Hospital [Singapore, Singapore], Nanyang Technological University (NTU), INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), COMBE, Isabelle, Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], AII - Infectious diseases, APH - Global Health, Infectious diseases, APH - Aging & Later Life, AII - Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKCMedicine), Hamer, Davidson H [0000-0002-4700-1495], Kain, Kevin C [0000-0001-6068-1272], Lalloo, David G [0000-0001-7680-2200], Gautret, Philippe [0000-0002-1664-958X], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Plasmodium, Plasmodium vivax, 0302 clinical medicine, GeoSentinel, International travel, Malaria, Plasmodium spp, Parasitology, Infectious Diseases, Interquartile range, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Medicine, Science::Medicine [DRNTU], 030212 general & internal medicine, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Travel, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, biology, wa_108, 3. Good health, Chemoprophylaxis, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Risk, medicine.medical_specialty, Visiting friends and relatives, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, lcsh:RC955-962, 030231 tropical medicine, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Environmental health, parasitic diseases, Journal Article, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, business.industry, Public health, Research, Plasmodium falciparum, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, wc_750, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, qx_135, Immunology, Tropical medicine, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, human activities
Abstract

Background\ud \ud More than 30,000 malaria cases are reported annually among international travellers. Despite improvements in malaria control, malaria continues to threaten travellers due to inaccurate perception of risk and sub-optimal pre-travel preparation.\ud \ud Methods\ud \ud Records with a confirmed malaria diagnosis after travel from January 2003 to July 2016 were obtained from GeoSentinel, a global surveillance network of travel and tropical medicine providers that monitors travel-related morbidity. Records were excluded if exposure country was missing or unascertainable or if there was a concomitant acute diagnosis unrelated to malaria. Records were analyzed to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of international travellers with malaria.\ud \ud Results\ud \ud There were 5689 travellers included; 325 were children

Published
2017
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9. List of Contributors

Author

Acosta, Anna M., Acuin, Jose M., Adam, Rodney D., Afroze, Farzana, Ahmed, Nadia, Ahmed, Sabeena, Ahmed, Tahmeed, Ahmed, A.M. Shamsir, Ali, S. Asad, Ali, Ibne K., Alroy, Karen A., Ananthakrishnan, Ashwin N., Ansong, Daniel, Anstead, Gregory M., Appleby, Laura J., Armah, George E., Aronson, Naomi E., Aston, Stephen J., Barnett, Elizabeth D., Bartelt, Luther A., Bates, Imelda, Bausch, Daniel G., Beadling, Charles W., Beeching, Nicholas J., Bennish, Michael L., Bern, Caryn, Bernstein, Wendy B., Bird, Brian H., Bloom, Allyson K., Bodeker, Gerard, Boyer Chammard, Timothée, Bradsher, Robert W., Jr., Brooker, Simon J., Brooks, W. Abdullah, Brouqui, Philippe, Brown, Michael, Brown, Michael R., Broyles, Laura N., Bruschi, Fabrizio, Bundy, Donald A.P., Burton, Matthew, Cabrera-Sosa, Luis, Callahan, Michael V., Carapetis, Jonathan R., Cardemil, Cristina V., Carrol, Enitan D., Caswell, Rachel, Caumes, Eric, Cavalheiro, Ana P., Chan, Abner L., Charunwatthana, Prakaykaew, Checkley, Anna M., Chen, Lin H., Chher, Tepirou, Chiong, Charlotte M., Chisti, M. Jobayer, Christiani, David C., Clark, Taryn N., Connor, Bradley A., Conway, Devin J., Cooper, Philip J., Cope, Jennifer R., Coughlin, R. Richard, Coulibaly, Yaya I., Coyle, Christina M., Crozier, Ian, Cunliffe, Nigel A., Cupido, Blanche, Curren, Emily J., Danta, Mark, Day, Nicholas P.J., Debboun, Mustapha, DeFraites, Robert F., Dekumyoy, Paron, del Castillo, Maria, den Hoed, Caroline M., de Silva, Nilanthi, Deye, Gregory, Dillingham, Rebecca A., Drancourt, Michel, Durward, Callum S., Eddleston, Michael, El-Kamary, Samer S., Elshaboury, Ramy H., Endtz, Hubert P., Endy, Timothy P., Fang, Shona C., Fawzi, Wafaie, Feasey, Nicholas A., Field, Vanessa K., Fischer, Marc, Forsyth, Kevin, Fournier, Pierre-Edouard, Friedlander, Arthur M., Furin, Jennifer J., Gandhi, Ronak G., Garcia, Hector H., Garcia, Lynne S., Geretti, Anna Maria, Gikas, Achilleas, Gilman, Robert H., Giri, Sidhartha, Gkika, Meropi, Gordon, Melita A., Gosselin, Richard A., Gotuzzo, Eduardo, Gould, Carolyn V., Graeff-Teixeira, Carlos, Graham, Stephen M., Grant, Alison D., Graybill, John R., Graz, Bertrand, Green, Stephen T., Griffiths, Jeffrey K., Griffiths, Michael J., Gryseels, Bruno, Gubler, Duane J., Guhadasan, Rathi, Hall, Aron J., Hamer, Davidson H., Hand, Robert M., Harley, David, Harris, Jason B., Hassall, Oliver, Hay, Roderick J., Hickey, Patrick, Hill, David R., Hills, Susan L., Hobdell, Martin H., Hochberg, Natasha S., Hopkins, Donald R., Hossain, M. Iqbal, Hotez, Peter J., Howard, Cynthia R., Hu, Victor, Hung, Chien-Ching, Islam, Munirul, Iturriza-Gómara, Miren, Joekes, Elizabeth, Johnston, Victoria, Jose, Jo-Ann, Junghanss, Thomas, Kamgno, Joseph, Kampondeni, Sam, Kang, Gagandeep, Kazanjian, Powel, Keshtkar-Jahromi, Maryam, Keshtkar-Jahromi, Marzieh, Keystone, Jay S., Kim, Arthur Y., Kim, Sung-Han, King, Christopher L., Kittitrakul, Chatporn, Kleine, Christian, Klion, Amy D., Knight, Richard, Koren, Michael, Kottilil, Shyamasundaran, Krause, Peter J., Krishna, Sanjeev, Kuhn, Jens H., Kuipers, Ernst J., LaBeaud, Angelle D., Labra, Patrick John P., Lalloo, David G., Lambert, Saba, Lanternier, Fanny, LaRocque, Regina C., Last, Anna, Lawrenson, John, Le, Thuy, Lee, Keun Hwa, Lewis, David A., Libraty, Daniel H., Lo, Nathan C., Lockwood, Diana N.J., Lockwood, Stephen J., Lommerse, Kinke, López-Vélez, Rogelio, Lortholary, Olivier, Mabey, David, Magill, Alan J., Maguiña, Ciro P., Manji, Hadi, Marks, Michael, Maurin, Max, Mayaud, Philippe, Mayosi, Bongani M., M'baya, Bridon, McCarthy, Matthew W., McCartney, Daniel, McCormick, Joseph B., McKew, Stephen, McLellan, Susan L.F., McMinn, Peter C., Mertz, Gregory, Milner, Danny A., Jr., Molyneux, Elizabeth M., Montgomery, Susan P., Moonah, Shannon, Moss, William J., Murrell, K. Darwin, Nanda, Neha, Navarro, Eileen E., Ndayizeye, Leonard, Neafie, Ronald C., Negroni, Ricardo, Nelson, Ann M., Newton, Paul N., Nichol, Stuart T., Norman, Francesca F., Nunes, Marcio R.T., Nutman, Thomas B., Nyirenda, Tonney S., Ochoa, Theresa J., O'Farrell, Nigel, Olayemi, Edeghonghon, Oldfield, Edward C., III, Omidian, Zahra, Ordaya, Eloy E., Paddock, Christopher D., Paessler, Slobodan, Papanikolaou, Ilias C., Paris, Luc, Parry, Christopher M., Patel, Pragna, Peacock, Sharon J., Peeling, Rosanna W., Persson, Hans, Phillips, Jonathan J., Phillips, Richard O., Poovorawan, Kittiyod, Powers, Ann M., Qamar, Farah Naz, Qureshi, Sonia, Rabe, Ingrid B., Rahman, Atif, Rahmati, Elham, Raizes, Elliot, Ramalho-Ortigao, Marcelo, Raoult, Didier, Rein, Michael F., Retik, Alan B., Reynes, Jean-Marc, Rhatigan, Joseph J., Jr., Rickard, Jennifer, Riddle, Mark S., Rimoin, Anne W., Riviello, Robert, Robert, Leon L., Jr., Rodrigues, Ema G., Rodriguez, Rubens, Ronald, Allan R., Rosenthal, Benjamin M., Rosmarin, David, Ryan, Edward T., Saavedra, Arturo, Schiaffino, Francesca, Schumacher, Sandra K., Sejvar, James J., Sethi, Aisha, Seung, Kwonjune J., Seydel, Karl B., Shah, Melisa M., Shakoor, Sadia, Shankar, Anuraj H., Sharp, Trueman W., Shin, Sonya S., Shirley, Debbie-Ann, Silachamroon, Udomsak, Smith, Catherine C., Snelling, Thomas L., Solomon, Tom, Staat, Mary Allen, Staples, J. Erin, Steiger, Samantha N., Stewart, Robert C., Stich, August, Strickman, Daniel, Suh, Kathryn N., Suhrbier, Andreas, Sutcliffe, Catherine G., Tappe, Dennis, Taylor, Terrie E., Thanh, Nguyen Tat, Thanh, Nguyen Thi, Thwaites, C. Louise, Thwaites, Guy E., Tiwari, Tejpratap S.P., Tsenempi, Xenia A., Turner, Angus W., van den Broek, Nynke R., van Doorn, H. Rogier, Van Sickels, Nicholas J., Vannier, Edouard, Varda, Briony K., Vasconcelos, Pedro F.C., Vega-López, Francisco, Vietri, Nicholas J., Vinetz, Joseph M., Visvesvara, Govinda S., Vyas, Keyur S., Walsh, Thomas J., Wansbrough-Jones, Mark H., Warraich, Haider J., Warrell, David A., Warrell, Mary J., Watt, George, Wattanagoon, Yupaporn, Watthanakulpanich, Dorn, Weaver, Scott C., Weil, Ana A., Weiss, Louis M., White, Nicholas J., Whitty, Christopher J.M., Wilson, Mary E., Xavier, Ramnik J., Xiao, Lihua, Yoon, In-Kyu, Yu, Hongjie, and Zaidi, Anita K.M.

Published
2020
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10. Increased risk of chikungunya infection in travellers to Thailand during ongoing outbreak in tourist areas: cases imported to Europe and the Middle East, early 2019.

Author

Javelle, Emilie, Florescu, Simin-Aysel, Asgeirsson, Hilmir, Jmor, Shilan, Eperon, Gilles, Leshem, Eyal, Blum, Johannes, Molina, Israel, Field, Vanessa, Pietroski, Nancy, Eldin, Carole, Johnston, Victoria, Cotar, Ioana Ani, Popescu, Corneliu, Hamer, Davidson H., and Gautret, Philippe

Published
2019
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11. Travel and migration associated infectious diseases morbidity in Europe, 2008

Author

Field, Vanessa, Gautret, Philippe, Schlagenhauf, Patricia, Burchard, Gerd-Dieter, Caumes, Eric, Jensenius, Mogens, Castelli, Francesco, Gkrania-Klotsas, Effrossyni, Weld, Leisa, Lopez-Velez, Rogelio, de Vries, Peter, von Sonnenburg, Frank, Loutan, Louis, Parola, Philippe, EuroTravNet network, Gkrania-Klotsas, Effrossyni [0000-0002-0930-8330], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Male, Travel, Adolescent, Fever, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Respiratory Tract Diseases, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Middle Aged, Communicable Diseases, Skin Diseases, Europe, Young Adult, Child, Preschool, Humans, Child, Travel Medicine, Aged
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Europeans represent the majority of international travellers and clinicians encountering returned patients have an essential role in recognizing, and communicating travel-associated public health risks. METHODS: To investigate the morbidity of travel associated infectious diseases in European travellers, we analysed diagnoses with demographic, clinical and travel-related predictors of disease, in 6957 ill returned travellers who presented in 2008 to EuroTravNet centres with a presumed travel associated condition. RESULTS: Gastro-intestinal (GI) diseases accounted for 33% of illnesses, followed by febrile systemic illnesses (20%), dermatological conditions (12%) and respiratory illnesses (8%). There were 3 deaths recorded; a sepsis caused by Escherichia coli pyelonephritis, a dengue shock syndrome and a Plasmodium falciparum malaria.GI conditions included bacterial acute diarrhea (6.9%), as well as giardiasis and amebasis (2.3%). Among febrile systemic illnesses with identified pathogens, malaria (5.4%) accounted for most cases followed by dengue (1.9%) and others including chikungunya, rickettsial diseases, leptospirosis, brucellosis, Epstein Barr virus infections, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and viral hepatitis. Dermatological conditions were dominated by bacterial infections, arthropod bites, cutaneous larva migrans and animal bites requiring rabies post-exposure prophylaxis and also leishmaniasis, myasis, tungiasis and one case of leprosy. Respiratory illness included 112 cases of tuberculosis including cases of multi-drug resistant or extensively drug resistant tuberculosis, 104 cases of influenza like illness, and 5 cases of Legionnaires disease. Sexually transmitted infections (STI) accounted for 0.6% of total diagnoses and included HIV infection and syphilis. A total of 165 cases of potentially vaccine preventable diseases were reported. Purpose of travel and destination specific risk factors was identified for several diagnoses such as Chagas disease in immigrant travellers from South America and P. falciparum malaria in immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa. Travel within Europe was also associated with health risks with distinctive profiles for Eastern and Western Europe. CONCLUSIONS: In 2008, a broad spectrum of travel associated diseases were diagnosed at EuroTravNet core sites. Diagnoses varied according to regions visited by ill travellers. The spectrum of travel associated morbidity also shows that there is a need to dispel the misconception that travel, close to home, in Europe, is without significant health risk.

Published
2010

13. Enzymatic Glycosylation of Small Molecules: Challenging Substrates Require Tailored Catalysts.

Author

Desmet, Tom, Soetaert, Wim, Bojarová, Pavla, Křen, Vladimir, Dijkhuizen, Lubbert, Eastwick-Field, Vanessa, and Schiller, Alexander

Abstract

Glycosylation can significantly improve the physicochemical and biological properties of small molecules like vitamins, antibiotics, flavors, and fragrances. The chemical synthesis of glycosides is, however, far from trivial and involves multistep routes that generate lots of waste. In this review, biocatalytic alternatives are presented that offer both stricter specificities and higher yields. The advantages and disadvantages of different enzyme classes are discussed and illustrated with a number of recent examples. Progress in the field of enzyme engineering and screening are expected to result in new applications of biocatalytic glycosylation reactions in various industrial sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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17. Chikungunya resurgence in the Maldives and risk for importation via tourists to Europe in 2019–2020: A GeoSentinel case series.

Author

Dudouet, Pierre, Gautret, Philippe, Larsen, Carsten Schade, Díaz-Menéndez, Marta, Trigo, Elena, von Sonnenburg, Frank, Gobbi, Federico, Grobusch, Martin P., Malvy, Denis, Field, Vanessa, Asgeirsson, Hilmir, Souto, Inés Oliveira, Hamer, Davidson H., Parola, Philippe, and Javelle, Emilie

Abstract

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus mainly transmitted in tropical areas by Aedes spp. mosquitoes. It has been responsible for small-to-large outbreaks in temperate areas including southern Europe and North America. Past outbreaks in 2006 on the islands of Maldives, as well as on other islands in the Indian Ocean and in Southeast Asia, demonstrated for the first time the capacity of CHIKV to disseminate through travel and transcontinental commerce, and revealed the major socio-economic impact of CHIKV epidemics. Recently, CHIKV has been circulating in highly touristic areas including the Maldives, where 1736 cases were notified by the Health Protection Agency during 2019. Among EuroTravNet/GeoSentinel patient records, eight CHIKV-confirmed cases imported the Maldives to France, Germany, Denmark, Italy and Spain were identified between February 2019 and February 2020; exceeding the total number of CHIKV infections travel-acquired in Maldives reported to this surveillance network during the previous 10 years. The prevention and control of CHIKV introduction into naïve areas colonised by competent vectors is crucial. CHIKV outbreaks must be detected and reported in a timely manner. This must lead to adapted health information for international travellers and to prompt management of suspected imported cases. Conversely, travellers make for excellent sentinels and increased reports of imported cases might reflect a change in the level of endemicity or even herald an outbreak. Feedback to the local health authorities and matching this with local epidemiological surveillance data may lead to health benefits for the local population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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23. Health Information for Overseas Travel.

Author

Field, Vanessa, Ford, Lisa, and Hill, David

Subjects
*HEALTH education, *NONFICTION
Abstract

The article reviews the book "Health Information for Overseas Travel," edited by Vanessa Field, Lisa Ford, and David Hill.

Published
2011
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24. Travel-associated infection presenting in Europe (2008-12): an analysis of EuroTravNet longitudinal, surveillance data, and evaluation of the effect of the pre-travel consultation.

Author

Schlagenhauf, Patricia, Weld, Leisa, Goorhuis, Abraham, Gautret, Philippe, Weber, Rainer, von Sonnenburg, Frank, Lopez-Vélez, Rogelio, Jensenius, Mogens, Cramer, Jakob P, Field, Vanessa K, Odolini, Silvia, Gkrania-Klotsas, Effrossyni, Chappuis, Francois, Malvy, Denis, van Genderen, Perry J J, Mockenhaupt, Frank, Jauréguiberry, Stéphane, Smith, Catherine, Beeching, Nicholas J, and Ursing, Johan

Abstract

Background: Travel is important in the acquisition and dissemination of infection. We aimed to assess European surveillance data for travel-related illness to profile imported infections, track trends, identify risk groups, and assess the usefulness of pre-travel advice.Methods: We analysed travel-associated morbidity in ill travellers presenting at EuroTravNet sites during the 5-year period of 2008-12. We calculated proportionate morbidity per 1000 ill travellers and made comparisons over time and between subgroups. We did 5-year trend analyses (2008-12) by testing differences in proportions between subgroups using Pearson's χ(2) test. We assessed the effect of the pre-travel consultation on infection acquisition and outcome by use of proportionate morbidity ratios.Findings: The top diagnoses in 32 136 patients, ranked by proportionate morbidity, were malaria and acute diarrhoea, both with high proportionate morbidity (>60). Dengue, giardiasis, and insect bites had high proportionate morbidity (>30) as well. 5-year analyses showed increases in vector borne infections with significant peaks in 2010; examples were increased Plasmodium falciparum malaria (χ(2)=37·57, p<0·001); increased dengue fever (χ(2)=135·9, p<0·001); and a widening geographic range of acquisition of chikungunya fever. The proportionate morbidity of dengue increased from 22 in 2008 to 36 in 2012. Five dengue cases acquired in Europe contributed to this increase. Dermatological diagnoses increased from 851 in 2008 to 1102 in 2012, especially insect bites and animal-related injuries. Respiratory infection trends were dominated by the influenza H1N1 pandemic in 2009. Illness acquired in Europe accounted for 1794 (6%) of all 32 136 cases-mainly, gastrointestinal (634) and respiratory (357) infections. Migration within Europe was associated with more serious infection such as hepatitis C, tuberculosis, hepatitis B, and HIV/AIDS. Pre-travel consultation was associated with significantly lower proportionate morbidity ratios for P falciparum malaria and also for acute hepatitis and HIV/AIDS.Interpretation: The pattern of travel-related infections presenting in Europe is complex. Trend analyses can inform on emerging infection threats. Pre-travel consultation is associated with reduced malaria proportionate morbidity ratios and less severe illness. These findings support the importance and effectiveness of pre-travel advice on malaria prevention, but cast doubt on the effectiveness of current strategies to prevent travel-related diarrhoea.Funding: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, University Hospital Institute Méditerranée Infection, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the International Society of Travel Medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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25. Green aldose isomerisation: 2-C-methyl-1,4-lactones from the reaction of Amadori ketoses with calcium hydroxide

Author

Hotchkiss, David J., Soengas, Raquel, Booth, Kathrine V., Weymouth-Wilson, Alexander C., Eastwick-Field, Vanessa, and Fleet, George W.J.

Subjects
*HYDROXIDES, *GLUCOSE, *ENANTIOMERS, *CHIRALITY
Abstract

Abstract: Saccharinic acids, branched 2-C-methyl-aldonic acids, may be accessed via a green procedure from aldoses by sequential conversion to an Amadori ketose and treatment with calcium hydroxide; d-galactose and d-glucose are converted to 2-C-methyl-d-lyxono-1,4-lactone (with a small amount of 2-C-methyl-d-xylono-1,4-lactone) and 2-C-methyl-d-ribono-1,4-lactone. Inversion of configuration at C-4 of the branched lactones allows access to 2-C-methyl-l-ribono-1,4-lactone and 2-C-methyl-l-lyxono-1,4-lactone, respectively. d-Xylose affords 2-C-methyl-d-threono-1,4-lactone and 2-C-methyl-d-erythrono-1,4-lactone, whereas l-arabinose, under similar conditions, gave the enantiomers 2-C-methyl-l-threono-1,4-lactone and 2-C-methyl-l-erythrono-1,4-lactone. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2007
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26. 2,5-Di- O-acetyl-3- C-methyl-d-lyxono-1,4-lactone.

Author

Bream, Richard, Watkin, David, Soengas, Raquel, Eastwick-Field, Vanessa, and Fleet, George W. J.

Subjects
*HYDROGEN bonding, *PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry, *LACTONES, *CRYSTALLIZATION, *MOLECULES, *ORGANIC chemistry
Abstract

The structures of both lactones derived from the Kiliani ascension of 2- C-methyl-d-threose were defined by the crystal structure of the title compound, C10H14O7. The structure consists of hydrogen-bonded ribbons of mol­ecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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27. 3,5- O-Isopropyl­idene-2- C-methyl- d-xylonolactone.

Author

Watkin, David J., Parry, Loren L., Hotchkiss, David J., Eastwick-Field, Vanessa, and Fleet, George W. J.

Subjects
*LACTONES, *ORGANIC cyclic compounds, *HYDROGEN bonding, *ORGANIC compounds, *ORGANIC chemistry
Abstract

The ring size of both the lactone and the ketal protecting group in the title compound, C9H14O5, have been established by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The crystal structure consists of hydrogen-bonded spirals parallel to the b axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
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28. Travel-related infections presenting in Europe: A 20-year analysis of EuroTravNet surveillance data.

Author

Grobusch MP, Weld L, Goorhuis A, Hamer DH, Schunk M, Jordan S, Mockenhaupt FP, Chappuis F, Asgeirsson H, Caumes E, Jensenius M, van Genderen PJJ, Castelli F, López-Velez R, Field V, Bottieau E, Molina I, Rapp C, Ménendez MD, Gkrania-Klotsas E, Larsen CS, Malvy D, Lalloo D, Gobbi F, Florescu SA, Gautret P, and Schlagenhauf P

Abstract

Background: Disease epidemiology of (re-)emerging infectious diseases is changing rapidly, rendering surveillance of travel-associated illness important., Methods: We evaluated travel-related illness encountered at EuroTravNet clinics, the European surveillance sub-network of GeoSentinel, between March 1, 1998 and March 31, 2018., Findings: 103,739 ill travellers were evaluated, including 11,239 (10.8%) migrants, 89,620 (86.4%) patients seen post-travel, and 2,880 (2.8%) during and after travel. Despite increasing numbers of patient encounters over 20 years, the regions of exposure by year of clinic visits have remained stable. In 5-year increments, greater proportions of patients were migrants or visiting friends and relatives (VFR); business travel-associated illness remained stable; tourism-related illness decreased. Falciparum malaria was amongst the most-frequently diagnosed illnesses with 5,254 cases (5.1% of all patients) and the most-frequent cause of death (risk ratio versus all other illnesses 2.5:1). Animal exposures requiring rabies post-exposure prophylaxis increased from 0.7% (1998-2002) to 3.6% (2013-2018). The proportion of patients with seasonal influenza increased from zero in 1998-2002 to 0.9% in 2013-2018. There were 44 cases of viral haemorrhagic fever, most during the past five years. Arboviral infection numbers increased significantly as did the range of presenting arboviral diseases, dengue and chikungunya diagnoses increased by 2.6% and 1%, respectively., Interpretation: Travel medicine must adapt to serve the changing profile of travellers, with an increase in migrants and persons visiting relatives and friends and the strong emergence of vector-borne diseases, with potential for further local transmission in Europe., Funding: This project was supported by a cooperative agreement (U50CK00189) between the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to the International Society of Travel Medicine (ISTM) and funding from the ISTM and the Public Health Agency of Canada., Competing Interests: None of the authors has a conflict of interest to declare in relation to the manuscript., (© 2020 The Author(s).)

Published
2020
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30. Increased risk of chikungunya infection in travellers to Thailand during ongoing outbreak in tourist areas: cases imported to Europe and the Middle East, early 2019.

Author

Javelle E, Florescu SA, Asgeirsson H, Jmor S, Eperon G, Leshem E, Blum J, Molina I, Field V, Pietroski N, Eldin C, Johnston V, Cotar IA, Popescu C, Hamer DH, and Gautret P

Subjects
Adolescent, Adrenal Cortex Hormones therapeutic use, Adult, Aged, Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal therapeutic use, Arthralgia drug therapy, Arthralgia etiology, Chikungunya Fever drug therapy, Chikungunya Fever epidemiology, Dengue epidemiology, Europe, Fever drug therapy, Fever etiology, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Middle East, Mosquito Vectors, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Thailand epidemiology, Young Adult, Aedes virology, Chikungunya Fever diagnosis, Chikungunya virus isolation & purification, Disease Outbreaks, Sentinel Surveillance, Travel
Abstract

We report nine travellers with confirmed chikungunya virus infection, returning from tourist areas of Thailand to Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Romania, Israel and France, diagnosed in January and February 2019. These sentinel tourists support the intensification of chikungunya virus circulation in Thailand and highlight the potential for importation to areas at risk of local transmission.

Published
2019
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31. Arboviral and other illnesses in travellers returning from Brazil, June 2013 to May 2016: implications for the 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games.

Author

Gautret P, Mockenhaupt F, Grobusch MP, Rothe C, von Sonnenburg F, van Genderen PJ, Chappuis F, Asgeirsson H, Caumes E, Bottieau E, Malvy D, Lopez-Vélez R, Jensenius M, Larsen CS, Castelli F, Rapp C, Field V, Molina I, Gkrania-Klotsas E, Florescu S, Lalloo D, and Schlagenhauf P

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Brazil epidemiology, Chikungunya Fever diagnosis, Child, Child, Preschool, Comorbidity, Dengue diagnosis, Europe epidemiology, Female, Games, Recreational, Gastrointestinal Diseases diagnosis, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Population Surveillance methods, Prevalence, Respiration Disorders diagnosis, Risk Factors, Seasons, Skin Diseases diagnosis, Sports statistics & numerical data, Young Adult, Chikungunya Fever epidemiology, Dengue epidemiology, Gastrointestinal Diseases epidemiology, Respiration Disorders epidemiology, Skin Diseases epidemiology, Travel statistics & numerical data
Abstract

We evaluated EuroTravNet (a GeoSentinel subnetwork) data from June 2013 to May 2016 on 508 ill travellers returning from Brazil, to inform a risk analysis for Europeans visiting the 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games in Brazil. Few dengue fever cases (n = 3) and no cases of chikungunya were documented during the 2013-15 Brazilian winter months, August and September, the period when the Games will be held. The main diagnoses were dermatological (37%), gastrointestinal (30%), febrile systemic illness (29%) and respiratory (11%)., (This article is copyright of The Authors, 2016.)

Published
2016
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32. Enzymatic glycosylation of small molecules: challenging substrates require tailored catalysts.

Author

Desmet T, Soetaert W, Bojarová P, Křen V, Dijkhuizen L, Eastwick-Field V, and Schiller A

Subjects
Carbohydrate Conformation, Glycoside Hydrolases chemistry, Glycosides biosynthesis, Glycosylation, Glycosyltransferases chemistry, High-Throughput Screening Assays, Models, Molecular, Phosphorylases chemistry, Protein Engineering, Substrate Specificity, Anti-Bacterial Agents chemistry, Biocatalysis, Flavoring Agents chemistry, Glycosides chemical synthesis, Vitamins chemistry
Abstract

Glycosylation can significantly improve the physicochemical and biological properties of small molecules like vitamins, antibiotics, flavors, and fragrances. The chemical synthesis of glycosides is, however, far from trivial and involves multistep routes that generate lots of waste. In this review, biocatalytic alternatives are presented that offer both stricter specificities and higher yields. The advantages and disadvantages of different enzyme classes are discussed and illustrated with a number of recent examples. Progress in the field of enzyme engineering and screening are expected to result in new applications of biocatalytic glycosylation reactions in various industrial sectors., (Copyright © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

Published
2012
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33. Travel and migration associated infectious diseases morbidity in Europe, 2008.

Author

Field V, Gautret P, Schlagenhauf P, Burchard GD, Caumes E, Jensenius M, Castelli F, Gkrania-Klotsas E, Weld L, Lopez-Velez R, de Vries P, von Sonnenburg F, Loutan L, and Parola P

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Europe epidemiology, Fever epidemiology, Gastrointestinal Diseases epidemiology, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Respiratory Tract Diseases epidemiology, Skin Diseases epidemiology, Travel Medicine, Young Adult, Communicable Diseases epidemiology, Travel
Abstract

Background: Europeans represent the majority of international travellers and clinicians encountering returned patients have an essential role in recognizing, and communicating travel-associated public health risks., Methods: To investigate the morbidity of travel associated infectious diseases in European travellers, we analysed diagnoses with demographic, clinical and travel-related predictors of disease, in 6957 ill returned travellers who presented in 2008 to EuroTravNet centres with a presumed travel associated condition., Results: Gastro-intestinal (GI) diseases accounted for 33% of illnesses, followed by febrile systemic illnesses (20%), dermatological conditions (12%) and respiratory illnesses (8%). There were 3 deaths recorded; a sepsis caused by Escherichia coli pyelonephritis, a dengue shock syndrome and a Plasmodium falciparum malaria.GI conditions included bacterial acute diarrhea (6.9%), as well as giardiasis and amebasis (2.3%). Among febrile systemic illnesses with identified pathogens, malaria (5.4%) accounted for most cases followed by dengue (1.9%) and others including chikungunya, rickettsial diseases, leptospirosis, brucellosis, Epstein Barr virus infections, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and viral hepatitis. Dermatological conditions were dominated by bacterial infections, arthropod bites, cutaneous larva migrans and animal bites requiring rabies post-exposure prophylaxis and also leishmaniasis, myasis, tungiasis and one case of leprosy. Respiratory illness included 112 cases of tuberculosis including cases of multi-drug resistant or extensively drug resistant tuberculosis, 104 cases of influenza like illness, and 5 cases of Legionnaires disease. Sexually transmitted infections (STI) accounted for 0.6% of total diagnoses and included HIV infection and syphilis. A total of 165 cases of potentially vaccine preventable diseases were reported. Purpose of travel and destination specific risk factors was identified for several diagnoses such as Chagas disease in immigrant travellers from South America and P. falciparum malaria in immigrants from sub-Saharan Africa. Travel within Europe was also associated with health risks with distinctive profiles for Eastern and Western Europe., Conclusions: In 2008, a broad spectrum of travel associated diseases were diagnosed at EuroTravNet core sites. Diagnoses varied according to regions visited by ill travellers. The spectrum of travel associated morbidity also shows that there is a need to dispel the misconception that travel, close to home, in Europe, is without significant health risk.

Published
2010
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34. Health risks in travelers to South Africa: the GeoSentinel experience and implications for the 2010 FIFA World Cup.

Author

Mendelson M, Davis XM, Jensenius M, Keystone JS, von Sonnenburg F, Hale DC, Burchard GD, Field V, Vincent P, and Freedman DO

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Female, Global Health, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Sentinel Surveillance, South Africa epidemiology, Tropical Medicine statistics & numerical data, Young Adult, Communicable Diseases epidemiology, Databases, Factual statistics & numerical data, Sports, Travel
Abstract

Using the GeoSentinel database, an analysis of ill patients returning from throughout sub-Saharan Africa over a 13-year period was performed. Systemic febrile illness, dermatologic, and acute diarrheal illness were the most common syndromic groupings, whereas spotted fever group rickettsiosis was the most common individual diagnosis for travelers to South Africa. In contrast to the rest of sub-Saharan Africa, only six cases of malaria were documented in South Africa travelers. Vaccine-preventable diseases, typhoid, hepatitis A, and potential rabies exposures were uncommon in South Africa travelers. Pre-travel advice for the travelers to the 2010 World Cup should be individualized according to these findings.

Published
2010
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