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Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hydrangea macrophylla is popular for its unique physiological characteristics and changeable colors. Previous studies have shown that the pH of the vacuoles of the sepal cells of hydrangea affects the color of the sepals. Located on the vacuolar membrane, NHX1 is an important H+ proton pump that drives the exchange of metal ions. This proton pump affects the physiological environment by controlling the accumulation of H+ in the vacuole. In hydrangea, the HmNHX1 gene has an open reading frame of 1626 bp and encodes a total of 541 amino acids. Bioinformatic analysis showed that HmNHX1, which encodes a Na+/H+ exchanger, is located on the vacuolar membrane. Tissue-specific expression analysis showed that the expression of this gene in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group. The ion flux in the vacuoles of colored hydrangea in the treatment group and the control group were measured, and the results showed that HmNHX1 was indeed a Na+/H+ exchanger. When the results of the HmNHX1 expression analysis and ion flux measurements are combined, it can be seen that HmNHX1 regulates the accumulation of H+ in the vacuole, ultimately affecting the color of the plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cryptostegia madagascariensis is an invasive plant species that covers 11% of the Brazilian northeastern territory, but its role on the litter trait in tropical ecosystems remains unclear. Here, we analyzed and compared the litter deposition, litter nutrient content, soil organic matter, and the litter decay rate from invaded and non-invaded environments by C. madagascariensis at a tropical Cambisol. The PCA analysis revealed that litter deposition, litter quality, and soil organic matter were correlated with the invaded environment. We grew plant species in greenhouse conditions to obtain a standard litter material to use in our litter bags in field conditions. We found that litter decay rate was higher in the invaded environment than in the non-invaded one. Our results suggest that C. madagascariensis changes litter traits in tropical ecosystems that in turn create negative plant–soil feedback to the native species by creating a physical barrier on soil surface and to promote its own rhizosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The general objective is the study of the photosynthesis process in corn plants, the necessary basis for the great adaptation capacity of plants to climate changes. These studies are important because they participate in the identification of solutions involved in increasing corn production and its quality. The experience was organized at the farm "Vasile Adamachi" within the USV Iasi, in the spring of 2021 and the analyzes on the collected physiological material were carried out in the plant physiology laboratory of the USV Iasi. The research material was represented by the hybrid DKC 4598 produced by the Bayer Group with the FAO 350-390 group. The analysis of the photosynthesis process in maize in the context of the climatic conditions specific to the growing season of 2021 was carried out by quantitatively determining of the content of photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence. The results obtained by the analyse of the photosynthesis process were correlated with the production obtained. The results obtained from the fluorescence analysis show us that the corn plants studied had the highest light quantification capacity in the 6 and 8 node phenophases. The recorded differences do not show an effort in the ability of the plants to adapt to the weather conditions of 2021 in North-Eastern Moldova. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Scientia Agraria Paranaensis is the property of Revista Scientia Agraria Paranaensis and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages in the world and is crucial in the economy of many developing countries. The search to improve coffee quality comes from many fronts, as do the many ways to measure quality and the factors that affect it. Several techniques are used to measure the different metrics to assess coffee quality, across different types of coffee samples and species, and throughout the entire process from farm to cup. In this work, we conducted a systematic mapping study of 1,470 articles to identify the aspects of quality that are the most important in the scientific literature to evaluate coffee throughout the processing chain. The study revealed that cup quality and biochemical composition are the most researched quality attributes. The main objective of the reviewed studies is the correlation between different quality measurements. The most used techniques are the analytical chemistry methods. The most studied species is Coffea arabica. The most used sample presentation is green coffee. The postharvest stage is the most researched, in which quality control receives more attention. In the preharvest stage, management practices stand out. Finally, the most used type of research was the evaluation research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our limited understanding of the impacts of drought on tropical forests significantly impedes our ability in accurately predicting the impacts of climate change on this biome. Here, we investigated the impact of drought on the dynamics of forest canopies with different heights using time‐series records of remotely sensed Ku‐band vegetation optical depth (Ku‐VOD), a proxy of top‐canopy foliar mass and water content, and separated the signal of Ku‐VOD changes into drought‐induced reductions and subsequent non‐drought gains. Both drought‐induced reductions and non‐drought increases in Ku‐VOD varied significantly with canopy height. Taller tropical forests experienced greater relative Ku‐VOD reductions during drought and larger non‐drought increases than shorter forests, but the net effect of drought was more negative in the taller forests. Meta‐analysis of in situ hydraulic traits supports the hypothesis that taller tropical forests are more vulnerable to drought stress due to smaller xylem‐transport safety margins. Additionally, Ku‐VOD of taller forests showed larger reductions due to increased atmospheric dryness, as assessed by vapor pressure deficit, and showed larger gains in response to enhanced water supply than shorter forests. Including the height‐dependent variation of hydraulic transport in ecosystem models will improve the simulated response of tropical forests to drought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forage cactus species exhibit distinct morphological characteristics, which have a relationship to yield and can be affected by different water conditions. The objective was to analyze, with the principal components analysis (PCA), the association between morphological and productivity variables in forage cactus clones in different water regimes. We cultivated, in Serra Talhada, Brazilian semiarid, the Miúda (MIU), Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (OEM) and IPA Sertânia (IPA) clones under four water regimes based on crop evapotranspiration - ETc (0%, 40%, 80% and 120% ETc). Between the years 2016 and 2018, morphological and crop productivity data were obtained. Two main components explained >82% of the total variability of the data, and the relationship between morphological and production variables depended on the clone and the water regime. The production of fresh and dry matter was more influenced by the morphological characteristics in the MIU and OEM clones. The IPA clone showed no correlation between the variables analyzed, regardless of the water regime. PCA can be used to understand the growth dynamics of plants and to identify the water conditions that act in the production of cactus clones, favoring better management in the cultivation of culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agricultural Research in the Tropics / Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical is the property of Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We investigate the impacts of climate changes in corn crop profitability and productivity in Parana (Brazil), using SISDRENA model, considering different spacings between drains. SISDRENA model is used as input, daily precipitation, and potential evapotranspiration, properties of the drainage system, data of crop requirement, and physical and hydrological soil parameters. We use climate data from the Eta model. The baseline period of the simulation is from 1981 to 2005. For the future projections, we use the greenhouse gas emission scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, from 2046 to 2070. We concluded that there are variations in evapotranspiration over the years in the historical simulation, but in the future, this variability tends to be higher. There is a tendency for increased evapotranspiration in both scenarios in the future. We found a large variability of precipitation in both historical simulation and future projections. Changes in precipitation depend on location. In terms of both profitability and productivity, the 10-m spacing between drains is the most recommended. In historical simulation and future projections, it is found large variability in corn productivity over the years. We found that there is no agreement between RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, which shows uncertainty in the results. In general, in RCP4.5 the tendency is to increase 3% of productivity (not significant), while in RCP8.5 the tendency is to decrease 1% (significant), compared to the baseline period. This research contributes to better farmer management and decision making, providing recommendations for the best layout for current and future climate, and indicates trends in corn productivity in future scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the study was to determine the sensory quality of the coffee cultivated in the Mantiqueira region of Brazil (Minas Gerais State) and to identify its main descriptors. The sensory quality of red and yellow coffee fruit varieties (Coffea arabica L.) grown in environments with different slopes, at altitudes ranging from 932 to 1,391 m, was analyzed in three different crop seasons. The dry processing method and the wet processing method, based on mechanical removal of skin and mucilage, were used. The variables were analyzed through correspondence analysis. There was no correspondence with sample discrimination between the direction the slope face and coffee sensory profile. The sensory characteristics of coffee such as flavor, acidity, body and sweetness correspond to the cultivation environment with altitudes above 1,050 m. However, for the red coffee fruit varieties, that correspondence only occurred when subjected to a wet‐processing method. The quality of the coffee as a micro‐region product was identified in this study at altitudes above 1,050 m. This effect was not found in natural red coffee fruit varieties. Practical Applications: Environmental aspects such as latitude, longitude, altitude and slope, as well as different coffee varieties and processing methods were analyzed in consecutive crop seasons, based on multivariate logistic regression and correspondence analysis techniques. The impacts of different methods of coffee production and processing on beverage quality have been debated for years and will surely continue to be studied in the coming decades, mainly because it is a phenomenon of high complexity. The variations in the sensory profile of coffee produced in different countries or microregions, or even at different planting sites, are noteworthy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A constitutive, host-specific symbiosis exists between the aboveground fungal endophyte Epichloë coenophiala (Morgan-Jones & W. Gams) and the cool-season grass tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.), which is a common forage grass in the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and temperate European grasslands. New cultivars of tall fescue are continually developed to improve pasture productivity and animal health by manipulating both grass and E. coenophiala genetics, yet how these selected grass-endophyte combinations impact other microbial symbionts such as mycorrhizal and dark septate fungi remains unclear. Without better characterizing how genetically distinct grass-endophyte combinations interact with belowground microorganisms, we cannot determine how adoption of new E. coenophiala -symbiotic cultivars in pasture systems will influence long-term soil characteristics and ecosystem function. Here, we examined how E. coenophiala presence and host × endophyte genetic combinations control root colonization by belowground symbiotic fungi and associated plant nutrient concentrations and soil properties in a 2-year manipulative field experiment. We used four vegetative clone pairs of tall fescue that consisted of one endophyte-free (E−) and one E. coenophiala -symbiotic (E+) clone each, where E+ clones within each pair contained one of four endophyte genotypes: CTE14, CTE45, NTE16, or NTE19. After 2 years of growth in field plots, we measured root colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytes (DSE), extraradical AMF hyphae in soil, total C, N, and P in root and shoot samples, as well as C and N in associated soils. Although we observed no effects of E. coenophiala presence or symbiotic genotype on total AMF or DSE colonization rates in roots, different grass-endophyte combinations altered AMF arbuscule presence and extraradical hyphal length in soil. The CTE45 genotype hosted the fewest AMF arbuscules regardless of endophyte presence, and E+ clones within NTE19 supported significantly greater soil extraradical hyphae compared to E− clones. Because AMF are often associated with improved soil physical characteristics and C sequestration, our results suggest that development and use of unique grass-endophyte combinations may cause divergent effects on long-term ecosystem properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arid and semiarid environments are characterized by low water availability (e.g., in soil and atmosphere), high air temperature, and irregularity in the spatio-temporal distribution of rainfall. In addition to the economic and environmental consequences, drought also causes physiological damage to crops and compromises their survival in ecosystems. The removal of vegetation is responsible for altering the energy exchange of heat and water in natural ecosystems and agricultural areas. The fluxes of CO 2 are also changed, and environments with characteristics of sinks, which can be sources of CO 2 after anthropic disturbances. These changes can be measured through methods such as sap flow, eddy covariance, remote sensing, and energy balance. Despite the relevance of each method mentioned above, there are limitations in their applications that must be respected. Thus, this review aims to quantify the processes and changes of energy fluxes, CO 2 , and their interactions with the surfaces of terrestrial ecosystems in dry environments. Studies report that the use of methods that integrate data from climate monitoring towers and remote sensing products helps to improve the accuracy of the determination of energy fluxes on a global scale, also helping to reduce the dissimilarity of results obtained individually. Through the collection of works in the literature, it is reported that several areas of the Brazilian Caatinga biome, which is a Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest have been suffering from changes in land use and land cover. Similar fluxes of sensible heat in areas with cacti and Caatinga can be observed in studies. On the other hand, one of the variables influenced mainly by air temperature is net radiation. In dry forest areas, woody species can store large amounts of carbon in their biomass above and belowground. The use of cacti can modify the local carbon budget when using tree crops together. Therefore, the study highlights the complexity and severity of land degradation and changes in CO 2 , water, and energy fluxes in dry environments with areas of forest, grassland, and cacti. Vegetation energy balance is also a critical factor, as these simulations are helpful for use in forecasting weather or climate change. We also highlight the need for more studies that address environmental conservation techniques and cactus in the conservation of degraded areas., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)

Brazil is considered the world's largest passion fruit producer, which benefits the entire crop chain of production and generates demand for production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth, thermal requirements and leaf morphological aspects of passion fruit species. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Goias (UFG)- Jataí, evaluating the following characteristics: leaf area, chlorophyll content (TCC) and thermal accumulation, being expressed in days after planting. To determine the total chlorophyll content, assessments were made in the middle third of the leaf blade, evaluating the accumulation of thermal units until flowering, from the average temperatures of the region. The daily temperature data were obtained from the meteorological station of the UFG - Jataí (17°53'08" S and 51°40'12" O). The cultivar FB 200 and Maracujazeiro-azedo presented higher leaf area, having the last one higher chlorophyll content in leaves and FB 200 presented lower demand in thermal units accumulation, proving its precocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Animal Sciences is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Animal Sciences is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent years, several studies have been developed to understand the impact of fermentation on the final quality of coffee and have indicated that postharvest processing could be a determinant of quality. However, a trend has appeared as a scientific counterpoint, indicating that the interactions between soil, fruit, altitude, and slope exposures with respect to the Sun are important to understand the behavior of the microbiome in coffee. Studies on the microbiota of coffee have addressed its role during the fermentation process, however the knowledge of indigenous microorganisms harbored in fruits and soil of coffee trees growing in fields are essential, as they can contribute to fermentation. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of topographic and edaphic factors on the bacterial and fungal communities present in the soil and in the fruits of Coffea arabica trees. Samples of fruits and soil were collected from different growing areas at different altitudes and soil conditions. The microbial DNA was extracted and sequenced. The results showed the contribution of environmental factors in the structure of bacterial and fungal communities. The richness, evenness and diversity of the mycobiome and bacteriome were higher in the soil than in the fruits, independent of altitude. In addition, coffee trees at higher altitudes tended to have more bacteria shared between the soil and fruits. The co-occurrence/co-exclusion network showed that bacteria-bacteria connections were greater in higher altitudes. On another hand, fungi-fungi and fungi-bacteria connections were higher in low altitudes. This was the first study that evaluates in deep the influence of environmental factors in the microbiota habiting fruits and soil coffee trees, which may affect the coffee beverage quality.

Tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort., nom. cons.) can form a symbiosis with the fungal endophyte Epichloë coenophiala, whose presence often benefits the plant, depending on plant and fungal genetics and the prevailing environmental conditions. Despite this symbiosis having agricultural, economic, and ecological importance, relatively little is known regarding its response to predicted global climate change. We quantified the ecophysiological responses of four tall fescue genetic clone pairs, where each pair consisted of one endophyte-infected (E+) and one endophyte-free clone, to climate change factors of annually elevated temperature and seasonally increased precipitation. Endophyte presence increased fescue tillering and biomass production in the elevated temperature treatment and greatly enhanced the ability of two of the fescue clones to recover from the hot and unusually dry summer. Surprisingly, endophyte infection also stimulated biomass production and photosynthesis rates (for one clone) in the most mesic treatment (additional precipitation). Toxic ergot alkaloid concentrations increased in E+ individuals exposed to elevated temperatures, particularly in the fall, but the strength of the response varied across E+ genotypes. overall, this study suggests that choice of plant and endophyte genetic material will be important in determining the productivity, toxicity, and resilience of tall fescue pastures under future climate conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Animal Sciences is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Under climate change, alterations to precipitation and temperature regimes are expected to impact ecosystem structure and function. These impacts may in part be determined by feedbacks between plants and associated microbes, including both endophytic fungal symbionts and viral pathogens., To test potential key components of these feedbacks in a grassland system, we conducted a field experiment that factorially manipulated temperature regime, precipitation regime and endophyte infection of a dominant species, Schedonorus arundinaceus. After one growing season, we evaluated the four most frequently occurring grass species for infection by three species of barley and cereal yellow dwarf viruses (B/ CYDVs). For S. arundinaceus, we also tracked changes in viral prevalence over an additional two growing seasons, for a total of three growing seasons., Plant species identity played a strong role in determining virus prevalence; Poa pratensis and Paspalum dilatatum were more frequently infected than either S. arundinaceus (endophyte infected or endophyte free) or Eleusine indica. Both elevated temperature and elevated precipitation impacted virus prevalence, but effects varied among years and interacted with fungal endophyte symbiosis for S. arundinaceus., In the final year of data collection, elevated precipitation increased virus prevalence in endophyte-infected, but not endophyte-free, S. arundinaceus. In the same year, but regardless of endophyte infection, elevated temperature by itself increased virus prevalence for S. arundinaceus. This effect of temperature on virus prevalence may have been driven by vector abundance because the viruses are obligately aphid-transmitted, and aphids were found more frequently in heated plots., Synthesis. Overall, our investigation experimentally demonstrates strong combined impacts of biotic and abiotic factors on disease dynamics in a grassland system. Impacts of climate change on virus prevalence in grasslands may depend on the responses of aphid vectors and the presence of endophytic fungal symbionts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum: Agronomy is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Spatial variability of surface energy and water fluxes at local scales is strongly controlled by soil and micrometeorological conditions. Thus, the accurate estimation of these fluxes from space at high spatial resolution has the potential to improve prediction of the impact of land‐use changes on the local environment. In this study, Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and Large‐Scale Biosphere‐Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA) data were used to examine the partitioning of surface energy and water fluxes over different land‐cover types in one wet year (2004) and one drought year (2005) in eastern Rondonia state, Brazil. The spatial variation of albedo, net radiation (Rn), soil (G) and sensible (H) heat fluxes, evapotranspiration (ET), and evaporative fraction (EF) were primarily related to the lower presence of forest (primary [PF] or secondary [SF]) in the western side of the Ji‐Parana River in comparison with the eastern side, located within the Jaru Biological Reserve protected area. Water limitation in this part of Amazonia tends to affect anthropic (pasture [PA] and agriculture [AG]) ecosystems more than the natural land covers (PF and SF). We found statistically significant differences on the surface fluxes prior to and ~1 year after the deforestation. Rn over forested areas is ~10% greater in comparison with PA and AG. Deforestation and consequent transition to PA or AG increased the total energy (~200–400%) used to heat the soil subsurface and raise air temperatures. These differences in energy partitioning contributed to approximately three times higher ET over forested areas in comparison with nonforested areas. The conversion of PF to AG is likely to have a higher impact in the local climate in this part of Amazonia when compared with the change to PA and SF, respectively. These results illustrate the importance of conserving secondary forest areas in Amazonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]