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Quantitative levels of six known pathogens (Listeria ,monocytogenes, Clostridium botulinum, Salmonella species, Vibrio cholerae, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Y. pseudotuberculosis) and aerobic plate counts were measured at five aquaculture facilities. The farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and trout fillets were sampled at two different growing seasons to monitor for microbial hazards. Listeria spp. was identified in both whole trout and trout fillets from all five facilities sampled from both growing seasons. Presumptive Clostridium botulinum spores were also identified from all five facilities for both seasons. The growing season did not affect pathogen levels and there was no evidence that any one aquacultural system was superior to the others. Salmonella spp., Vibrio cholerae, and Yersinia spp. were not isolated from any of the trout samples analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies the role of lactobacillus acidophilus LA 15 in reducing the proliferation of Erhlich ascites tumor (EAT) in Swiss male mice, over a period of eight days. Information about lactobacillus acidophilus; Materials and methodologies used in the study; Its results.

Aquacultured channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ) were evaluated for the presence of human pathogenic bacteria. Fresh catfish fillets procured from three catfish processors in the southeastern United States during the four annual seasons (e.g., summer, fall, winter, and fall) were screened for selected human pathogens. At each sampling time point, 20 freshly processed catfish fillets were randomly selected from each processor during each season. Five catfish fillets were randomly selected for aerobic plate counts and all 20 fillets were screened for five pathogenic bacteria viz. Campylobacter jejuni/coli , Escherichia coli O157:H7, Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae , Plesiomonas shigelloides , and Vibrio cholerae . There was a significant difference ( P < 0.05) in the aerobic plate counts due to differences in unit processing operations and processing season. C. jejuni/coli , E. coli O157:H7 and K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae were not isolated. Only P. shigelloides and V. cholerae were isolated during the warm weather.

Fresh aquacultured catfish fillets were obtained from three processors using different processing protocols in summer, autumn, winter, and spring and evaluated for microbial quality. Twenty freshly processed fillets were randomly selected and each fillet was placed in a sterile polyethylene bag. The fillets were transported on ice-pack overnight by air immediately after processing. Five fillets were randomly selected for microbial assays. Each fillet was weighed and an equal volume of sterile 0.1 % peptone water at 0 to 1°C was added aseptically. The fillet was massaged (or rinsed) for 120 s and the rinse was used to determine microbial quality. Aerobes (incubation at 35°C for 48 h) and psychrotrophs (incubation at 20°C for 96 h) were enumerated using 3M Petrifilm™ Aerobic Count plates. Escherichia coli (incubation at 35°C for 24 to 48 h) and total coliforms (incubation at 35°C for 24 to 48 h) were enumerated on 3M Petrifilm™ E. coli Count plates. Staphylococcus aureus counts were determined on Baird-Parker agar (incubation at 35°C for 48 h). Significant differences ( P ≤ 0.05) in aerobic, psychrotrophic, total coliform, E. coli , and S. aureus counts due to temperature effects during production and variations in processing protocols were observed. E. coli and S. aureus counts were significantly different during the four seasons. E. coli and S. aureus counts were high during summer and low during winter weather. There was a significant difference ( P ≤ 0.05) in aerobic, psychrotrophic, and total coliform counts among the three processors during warm weather; however, these differences were significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) reduced in cold weather.

Consumption of Lactobacillus products and supplements containing viable lactic acid bacteria results in their establishment in the gastrointestinal tract. Their presence in the intestinal tract has been suggested to be prophylactic. They may reduce risk associated with dietary onset of carcinogenesis directly due to the reduction of procarcinogenic substances or indirectly due to the reduction in the level of enzymes that convert procarcinogens to carcinogens. In short-term studies, feeding as well as intraperitoneal administration of lactic acid bacteria suppress tumors implanted in rodents. The suppression is probably mediated by lactic acid bacteria through activation of host defense system. The activation of host defense system has been hypothesized to augment the immune system. Transient increase in the host immune defense system has been observed following feeding of cultured dairy products, but the biological significance of these changes has not yet been elucidated.