10 results on '"Feige, Jenny"'
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2. Comparison of methods for the detection of 10Be with AMS and a new approach based on a silicon nitride foil stack
- Author
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Steier, Peter, Martschini, Martin, Buchriegler, Josef, Feige, Jenny, Lachner, Johannes, Merchel, Silke, Michlmayr, Leonard, Priller, Alfred, Rugel, Georg, Schmidt, Edith, Wallner, Anton, Wild, Eva Maria, and Golser, Robin
- Published
- 2019
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3. Near-Earth Supernova Explosions: Evidence, Implications, and Opportunities
- Author
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Fields, Brian D., Ellis, John R., Binns, Walter R., Breitschwerdt, Dieter, deNolfo, Georgia A., Diehl, Roland, Dwarkadas, Vikram V., Ertel, Adrienne, Faestermann, Thomas, Feige, Jenny, Fitoussi, Caroline, Frisch, Priscilla, Graham, David, Haley, Brian, Heger, Alexander, Hillebrandt, Wolfgang, Israel, Martin H., Janka, Thomas, Kachelreiß, Michael, Korschinek, Gunther, Limongi, Marco, Lugaro, Maria, Marinho, Franciole, Melott, Adrian, Mewaldt, Richard A., Miller, Jesse, Ogliore, Ryan C., Paul, Michael, Paulucci, Laura, Pecaut, Mark, Rauch, Brian F., Rehm, Karl E., Schulreich, Michael, Seitenzahl, Ivo, Sørensen, Mads, Thielemann, Friedrich-Karl, Timmes, Francis X., Thomas, Brian C., Wallner, Anton, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), and École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)
- Subjects
astro-ph.HE ,Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP) ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Astrophysics and Astronomy ,astro-ph.SR ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Other Fields of Physics ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,[PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex] ,nucl-ex ,Space Physics (physics.space-ph) ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Physics - Space Physics ,physics.space-ph ,astro-ph.EP ,Physics::Space Physics ,Nuclear Physics - Experiment ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex) ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] ,Nuclear Experiment ,Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR) ,Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
There is now solid experimental evidence of at least one supernova explosion within 100 pc of Earth within the last few million years, from measurements of the short-lived isotope 60Fe in widespread deep-ocean samples, as well as in the lunar regolith and cosmic rays. This is the first established example of a specific dated astrophysical event outside the Solar System having a measurable impact on the Earth, offering new probes of stellar evolution, nuclear astrophysics, the astrophysics of the solar neighborhood, cosmic-ray sources and acceleration, multi-messenger astronomy, and astrobiology. Interdisciplinary connections reach broadly to include heliophysics, geology, and evolutionary biology. Objectives for the future include pinning down the nature and location of the established near-Earth supernova explosions, seeking evidence for others, and searching for other short-lived isotopes such as 26Al and 244Pu. The unique information provided by geological and lunar detections of radioactive 60Fe to assess nearby supernova explosions make now a compelling time for the astronomy community to advocate for supporting multi-disciplinary, cross-cutting research programs., Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures. Astro2020 Science White Paper submitted to the 2020 Decadal Survey on Astronomy and Astrophysics
- Published
- 2019
4. Supernova-produced radionuclides in deep-sea sediments measured with AMS
- Author
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Feige, Jenny
- Abstract
In dieser Arbeit wurden langlebige Radionuklide gemessen um nach Supernova-Spuren auf der Erde zu suchen, die möglicherweise vor 2-3 Millionen Jahren eingetragen wurden. Etwa 100 Proben aus vier Tiefseesedimenten (Indischer Ozean) wurden mit Beschleunigermassenspektrometrie (AMS) auf 26Al, 53Mn und 60Fe untersucht. Zusätzlich wurde 10Be gemessen, um eine existierende paleomagnetische Stratigraphie in den Sedimenten zu bestätigen. Ein Signal des extraterrestrischen 60Fe, welches nicht in-situ auf der Erde produziert wird, wurde in einem Zeitbereich von 1.7-3.2 Millionen Jahren in den Tiefseesedimenten, die für diese Arbeit verwendet wurden, nachgewiesen. Verhältnisse von 60Fe/26Al wurden verwendet, um Rückschlüsse auf Nukleosyntheseprozesse in massereichen Sternen zu ziehen. Ein Supernova-Signal von 26Al ist jedoch durch die verhältnismäßig hohe terrestrische Produktion überdeckt. Gemessene Verhältnisse von 26Al/10Be zeigen, dass der grösste Anteil an in den Sedimenten detektiertem 26Al aus der Atmosphäre stammt. Da ein ausserordentlich gutes Tiefenprofil der Sedimentbohrkerne aus den 26Al Messungen gewonnen wurde, konnte dieses Radionuklid zur Altersbestimmung verwendet werden., In this work a set of long-lived radionuclides is measured to detect supernova-traces presumably deposited on Earth 2-3 Myr ago. Approximately 100 samples of four deep-sea sediment cores (Indian Ocean) were analyzed for 26Al, 53Mn, and 60Fe with accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). Additionally, 10Be was measured to confirm the existing paleomagnetic chronology of the sediments. A signal of extraterrestrial 60Fe, which is not produced in-situ on Earth, was detected in a time period of 1.7-3.2 Myr in the sediments used for this work. 60Fe/26Al ratios were used to calculate limits on theoretical nucleosynthesis models. A supernova-signature of 26Al is hidden behind a terrestrial background. The measured 26Al/10Be ratios indicate, that the major source of 26Al detected in the sediments is of atmospheric origin. Because of the extraordinarily good depth profile for the deep-sea sediments from the measured 26Al data, this radionuclide was used for dating.
- Published
- 2014
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5. A Way Out of the Bubble Trouble? -- Upon Reconstructing the Origin of the Local Bubble and Loop I via Radioisotopic Signatures on Earth.
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Schulreich, Michael Mathias, Breitschwerdt, Dieter, Feige, Jenny, and Dettbarn, Christian
- Subjects
RADIOISOTOPES in aeronautics ,COSMOCHRONOLOGY ,EXTRATERRESTRIAL resources ,SUPERNOVAE ,HYDRODYNAMICS - Abstract
Deep-sea archives all over the world show an enhanced concentration of the radionuclide
60 Fe, isolated in layers dating from about 2.2 Myr ago. Since this comparatively long-lived isotope is not naturally produced on Earth, such an enhancement can only be attributed to extraterrestrial sources, particularly one or several nearby supernovae in the recent past. It has been speculated that these supernovae might have been involved in the formation of the Local Superbubble, our Galactic habitat. Here, we summarize our efforts in giving a quantitative evidence for this scenario. Besides analytical calculations, we present results from high-resolution hydrodynamical simulations of the Local Superbubble and its presumptive neighbor Loop I in different environments, including a self-consistently evolved supernova-driven interstellar medium. For the superbubble modeling, the time sequence and locations of the generating core-collapse supernova explosions are taken into account, which are derived from the mass spectrum of the perished members of certain, carefully preselected stellar moving groups. The release and turbulent mixing of60 Fe is followed via passive scalars, where the yields of the decaying radioisotope were adjusted according to recent stellar evolution calculations. The models are able to reproduce both the timing and the intensity of the60 Fe excess observed with rather high precision. We close with a discussion of recent developments and give future perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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6. Interstellar medium simulations
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Breitschwerdt, Dieter, de Avillez, Miguel, Feige, Jenny, and Dettbarn, Christian
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supernova remnants ,ISM [galaxies] ,solar neighborhood ,structure [ISM] ,evolution [ISM] - Published
- 2012
7. The connection between the local bubble and the 60FE anomaly in the deep sea hydrogenetic ferromanganese crust
- Author
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Feige, Jenny
- Abstract
In der Tiefseemangankruste 237KD im Pazifischen Ozean wurde 2004 von Knie et al. ein vermehrtes Vorkommen des Radionuklids 60Fe, welches bei Supernovaexplosionen entsteht, vor 2.2 Millionen Jahren gemessen. Deshalb wird angenommen, dass eine oder mehrere Supernovaexplosionen in der Umgebung des Sonnensystems stattgefunden haben, um diese Isotopenanomalie auf der Erde zu verursachen. Die Lokale Blase ist durch ein geringes Auftreten von neutralem Wasserstoff im lokalen interstellaren Medium (ISM) gekennzeichnet und emittiert im weichen Röntgenbereich. Junge, massereiche Sterne in einem Radius von 200 pc um die Sonne wurden von Fuchs et al. 2006 analysiert. Dabei stellte sich heraus, dass sich in der heutigen Region der Lokalen Blase etwa 14 - 20 Supernovae in den letzten 13 Millionen Jahren ereignet haben. Verbleibende Sterne der Stellarstromgruppe gehören heute zu den Untergruppen Upper Centaurus Lupus und Lower Centaurus Crux des Sternhaufens Scorpius OB2. Die Bahnen dieser Sterne wurde zeitlich zurückgerechnet, und es ergab sich, dass der Minimalabstand der Bahnen zur Sonne etwa 65 pc vor 2.2 Millionen Jahren betrug, was zeitlich gut mit der Erhöhung der 60Fe Konzentration übereinstimmt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein Supernovamodell getestet, welches 1998 von Kahn erstellt wurde. Da es sich nicht nur um eine, sondern um mehrere Supernovae handelt, können wir nicht annehmen, dass das ISM um das Explosionszentrum herum eine homogene Dichteverteilung aufweist. Mit Kahns Methode wird in dieser Arbeit berechnet, wie lange der Supernovaüberrest braucht, um die Erde zu erreichen, und wieviel 60Fe sich dabei im Ozean ablagert. Die Berechnungen stimmen sehr gut mit den Messungen überein., The deep oceans crust 237KD analyzed by Knie et al. 2004 shows a significant increase of the radioisotope 60Fe 2.2 Myr ago. Since 60Fe is produced in SN explosions we assume that one or more SNe must have gone off in the solar vicinity to eject enough material to be deposited on Earth. The Local Bubble (LB) is an X-ray emitting, HI deficient, cavity in the local interstellar medium (ISM). By analyzing young stars in the radius of 200 pc around the Sun, Fuchs et al. 2006 found that the Local Bubble was formed by 14-20 supernova explosions starting around 13 Myr ago. The remaining stars of the corresponding stellar moving group belong today to the subgroups Upper Centaurus Lupus and Lower Centaurus Crux of the Scorpius OB2 association. Following the trajectories of this cluster back in time, we find a minimal distance to Earth of about 65 pc around 2.2 Myr ago, which coincides with the appearance of the 60Fe peak. In this work we also tested a SN model developed by Kahn in 1998. Since we have not only one but many SN explosions we can not assume that the ISM has a homogeneous density distribution around the explosion center. With Kahn's method we compute analytically the time the remnant takes to hit the earth and how much 60Fe will be deposited. The aim was to reproduce the 60Fe peak and we find that our calculations are in good agreement with the measurements.
- Published
- 2010
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8. Astronomie unter dem Meer.
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Feige, Jenny
- Abstract
Ein von Wissenschaftlern der TU München entdecktes 60Fe-Signal wurde auf der gesamten Erde und in Mondproben nachgewiesen. Die Breite des Signals von über 1, 5 Millionen Jahren in einem Zeitbereich zwischen 1, 7 und 3, 2 Millionen Jahren lässt auf mehrere Sternexplosionen in Erdnähe schließen, die das Radionuklid zur Erde transportierten. Modellrechnungen bestätigen diese Annahme und bringen das Signal mit der Lokalen Superblase in Verbindung, deren Entstehung durch eine Reihe von Supernovae vor etwa 13 Millionen Jahren ihren Anfang nahm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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9. Limits on Supernova-Associated 60Fe/26Al Nucleosynthesis Ratios from Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Measurements of Deep-Sea Sediments.
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Feige, Jenny, Wallner, Anton, Altmeyer, Randolf, Fifield, L. Keith, Golser, Robin, Merchel, Silke, Rugel, Georg, Steier, Peter, Tims, Stephen G., and Winkler, Stephan R.
- Subjects
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ACCELERATOR mass spectrometry , *NUCLEOSYNTHESIS , *SUPERNOVAE - Abstract
We searched for the presence of 26Al in deep-sea sediments as a signature of supernova influx. Our data show an exponential dependence of 26Al with the sample age that is fully compatible with radioactive decay of terrigenic 26Al. The same set of samples demonstrated a clear supernova 60Fe signal between 1.7 and 3.2 Myr ago. Combining our 26Al data with the recently reported 60Fe data results in a lower limit of 0.18+0.15-0.08 for the local interstellar 60Fe/26Al isotope ratio. It compares to most of the ratios deduced from nucleosynthesis models and is within the range of the observed average galactic 60Fe/26Al flux ratio of (0.15±0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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10. Geochemical proxies for water-soil interactions in the hyperarid Atacama Desert, Chile.
- Author
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Arens, Felix L., Airo, Alessandro, Feige, Jenny, Sager, Christof, Wiechert, Uwe, and Schulze-Makuch, Dirk
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SOLUBLE salts , *RAYLEIGH model , *SULFUR isotopes , *ALLUVIAL fans , *SOIL profiles , *SOIL infiltration , *VOLCANIC soils - Abstract
• Decrease of chloride and nitrate salts with elevation in the Yungay Valley, Atacama Desert. • Vertical salt separation due to water infiltration within soils under hyperarid conditions. • Sulfate sulfur and oxygen isotopes support the pattern of water infiltration. • Anhydrite is linked to the presence of soluble salts in deeper soil horizon. The Atacama Desert is the oldest and driest non-polar desert on Earth. Millions of years of hyperaridity enabled salt accumulations through atmospheric deposition. These salts can serve as proxies to decipher the interaction between water and soil as well as to understand the habitability with changing environmental settings. Therefore, we investigated four soil profiles regarding their mineralogy, salt abundance, and sulfate stable isotopic composition. The profiles were located along an elevation transect in the hyperarid region southeast of Antofagasta, Chile. The two lower sites situated on the distal parts of inactive alluvial fan deposits were subject to occasional fog occurrences. The upper steeper-sloped sites experienced no fog but are subject to minimal erosion. In all soil profiles, sulfates are the dominant salts showing a downward transition from gypsum to anhydrite that is accompanied by an increase of highly soluble salts and a decrease of sulfate δ34S and δ18O values. These trends are consistent with downward directed water infiltration during rare rain events causing salt dissolution followed by precipitation within the deeper soil column. This conclusion is also supported by our Rayleigh fractionation model. We attribute the presence of anhydrite at > 40 cm depth to the cooccurrence of nitrate and chloride salts, which decreases water activity during sulfate precipitation and therefore drives anhydrite formation. Along the elevation transect, the total salt inventories of each profile show a trend for nitrates and chlorides concentration decreasing with elevation. This observation together with the sulfate stable isotopes indicates a fog-independent source and suggests remobilization of soluble salts through enhanced washout from hillslopes to alluvial fans. These findings are essential for assessing the long-term regional habitability of hyperarid environments and have also relevance for Mars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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