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Background/aim Methotrexate (MTX), widely used as a drug in cancer, has many adverse effects on tissues. Apocynin (APO) is a NADPH oxidase inhibitor and is known with many antioxidant properties. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the adverse effects of MTX on testicular tissue and the protective effects of APO at two different doses (20 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) on MTX-induced testicular damage. Materials and methods Fifty adult male Wistar albino rats (8 weeks old and weighing 200–250 g) were divided into five groups of 10 rats each: 1. saline control, 2. dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) control, 3. MTX, 4. APO-20 + MTX, and 5. APO-50 + MTX. All injections were performed intraperitoneally. At the end of day 28, all rats were sacrificed under anesthesia. The testes were evaluated histologically and the blood samples were analyzed biochemically. Results According to histological and biochemical analyses, there was no significant difference between the DMSO and control groups. In terms of the histological findings, MTX group was significantly the worst affected group compared to the others, and in this group, apoptotic cell number (P = 0.011) was significantly increased in comparison with the control group. Except MTX, there was no significant difference in apoptotic cell number of the other groups compared to the control group. In the MTX group, malondialdehyde (MDA, P = 0.017) and myeloperoxidase (MPO, P < 0.001) levels were significantly increased in tissue and in blood (MDA P < 0.001, MPO P < 0.001), while tissue glutathione (GSH, P < 0.05) and serum testosterone levels (P < 0.01) were decreased compared with the control group. APO + MTX treatment groups exhibited better testis morphology, and apoptotic cells were also significantly decreased compared to MTX group (P < 0.001). Conclusion Our results suggest that MTX induced defects on testis via oxidative stress and APO reversed the effects of MTX with its antioxidant properties.

SUMMARY: Formaldehyde (FA) is a toxic substance used frequently in the field of medicine as well as in many industrial areas. Especially people working in the field of anatomy, histology, and pathology are in high risk group because of the use of the FA. Studies showing the effects of FA on the cardiovascular system are few in number. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of FA exposure, which we believe can cause oxidative stress, on the heart and aorta with various biochemical analyses. A total of 24 Wistar Albino rats were used in our study. We divided the rats into 3 groups as the Control Group (CG), the group exposed to low-dose FA (avg. 1 ppm) (DDG) Group, and the group exposed to high-dose FA (avg. 10 ppm) (YDG). At the end of the subchronic FA exposure, the blood samples, heart and aorta tissues of the rats were taken and subjected to biochemical analyses. As a result of the analyses, statistically significant differences were detected between CG (2.96?0.85 ng/mg), and HDG (2.08?0.77 ng/mg) in aortic tissues in TXNIP analysis (p

Aim: Measurement of blood bilirubin levels is a crucial analysis because of the toxic effects of bilirubin on brain tissue, particularly in preterm neonates. The aim of this study was to investigate the consistency of the total bilirubin values obtained by the blood gas analyzer and the autoanalyzer. Material and Methods: In this study, we used total bilirubin data of 407 pediatric patients from Kocaeli University Medical Faculty Education and Research Hospital Central Laboratory System. Total bilirubin data, provided that it was measured simultaneously, was obtained from ABL 735 blood gas analyzer and Roche Cobas C8000 chemistry analyzer. Pediatric patients (neonates, infant and children under 17 years old) were selected retrospectively by year between 2015-2017. Results: Under a cut-off value (14.6 mg/dL) ABL 735 blood gas analyzer and Roche COBAS C8000 chemistry analyzer had strong correlation (r = 0.939) for total bilirubin measurements. It was found that 2-15 days old neonates give more scattered total bilirubin data by Bland Altman analysis in two measurements. Statistical analysis performed to compare whole total bilirubin data identity between two measurements: correlation coefficient was found r = 0.949 a statistically significant positive correlation (p < 0.001). Conclusion: According to our analysis which was supported by previous studies in the literature, we can say that the compatibility between the blood gas analyzer (multi-wave-length spectrophotometric technique) and the chemistry analyzer becomes weaker when the total bilirubin levels exceed 14.6 mg/dL.

Amaç: Amacımız oluşturulan deneysel endometriozisli sıçan modelinde etanerceptin endometriozisi tedavi edebilme yeteneğini serum lipid peroksidasyonuna olan etkisi üzerinden değerlendirmekti.Yöntem: Bu deneysel çalışmada 30 adet Wistar albino cinsi dişi sıçan kullanıldı. Sıçanlardan 20’sinde endometriozis modeli cerrahi olarak oluşturulurken, 10’unda ise anestezi ve cerrahinin etkisini dışlamak amacıyla yalancı operasyon uygulandı. İlk operasyondan 4 hafta sonra sıçanların ektopik endometrial doku volümleri ikinci bir operasyonla değerlendirildi ve kan alındı. Daha sonra sıçanlar 3 gruba ayrıldı: Grup I (herhangi bir tedavi almamış, yalancı operasyon, n=10), grup II (2 ml/gün subkutan serum fizyolojik, endometriozis modeli, n=10), grup III (2 mg/kg/haftada 3 kez, subkutan etanercept, endometriozis modeli, n=10). İki haftalık tedavi sonrası sıçanların 3. operasyonla ektopik endometrial doku volümleri değerlendirildi ve 2. kanları alındı. Serum malondialdehid (MDA) düzeyleri spektrofotometrik olarak analiz edildi.Bulgular: Tedavi sonrası dönemde ektopik endometrial doku volümleri karşılaştırıldığında grup III te grup II ye göre anlamlı düşük sonuçlar elde edildi (p=0.000). Aynı zamanda grup III tedavi sonrası dönemde, tedavi öncesi döneme göre anlamlı düşük doku volüm değerleri gösterdi (p=0.005). Tedavi sonrası dönemde ise MDA düzeylerinde gruplar arası anlamlı farklılık mevcuttu (p=0.001). Tedavi sonrası dönemde MDA düzeyleri Grup III te grup II ye göre anlamlı düşüktü (p=0.001). Ek olarak, grup III te MDA düzeyleri tedavi sonrası dönemde öncesine göre anlamlı düşüktü (p=0.028).Sonuç: Çalışmamızın sonuçları bize etanerceptin serum lipid peroksidasyonu düşürücü etkisini ve endometriozis tedavisinde etkili bir şekilde kullanılabileceğini düşündürmektedir.

Schizophrenia, an important brain neurodevelopmental disorder, is observed in 1% of the global population. New-generation antipsychotics have been developed as alternatives to typical antipsychotics for more effective and safe therapy. Chronic administration of asenapine and paliperidone compared to haloperidol on depression, anxiety and analgesy in the forced swimming test (FST), elevated plus maze (EPM) and hot plate tests were examined in mice. Moreover effects of drugs, on expression levels of brain neurotrophic factors [brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cAMP response element binding protein (CREB),nerve growth factor (NGF), synapsin and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2)] in the hippocampus of mice, neurogenesis and neurodegeneration, and blood enzyme levels were also investigated. In FST, haloperidol (0.25 mg/kg) significantly increased immobility time while both asenapine (0.075 mg/kg) and paliperidone (0.25 and 0.50 mg/kg) significantly diminished this parameter. In EPM test, haloperidol significantly increased both %, time spent in open arms and % open arm entries. Asenapine (0.075 mg/kg) and paliperidone (0.50 mg/kg) significantly increased % time spent in the open arms. They also increased % open arm entries, but this parameter failed to reach a statistically significant value. In hot plate test, haloperidol (0.125 and 0.25 mg/kg) and paliperidone (0.25 and 0.50 mg/kg) significantly increased the latency to lick the hind paws but asenapine had no effect. Asenapine and paliperidone upregulated more neurotrophic factors in the brain and caused less neurodegeneration compared to haloperidol. Investigated drugs had no effect on liver enzymes and plasma glucose levels. Asenapine and paliperidone may be preferred over classical antipsychotics since they have antidepressant-like effect, upregulate more neurotrophic factors and cause less neurodegeneration in naive mice without having diabetogenic and liver damaging effects. Paliperidone seems to possess superior effects compared to asenapine since it also exerts analgesic-like effect.