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Elham Kharazmi,1,2* Masoud Babaei,1,3* Mahdi Fallah,2 Tianhui Chen,1,4 Kristina Sundquist,5,6 Kari Hemminki1,5 1Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; 2Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany; 3Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 4Group of Molecular Epidemiology and Cancer Precision Prevention, Institute of Occupational Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences (ZJAMS), Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 5Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; 6Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA *These authors contributed equally to this work Background: Familial clustering of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers and the significance of family history has been addressed previously. We aimed to elucidate the familial risk based on the specified tumor location and histology.Method: In the Swedish Family-Cancer Database, we determined the familial risk of UGI cancer patients diagnosed (1958–2015) with esophageal and gastric cancer by tumor location using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs).Results: Risk of esophageal cancer in first-degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with esophageal cancer increased 2.4-fold (SIR 95% CI 2.0–2.8), whereas risk of esophageal cancer in cases with family history of cancer in the middle third of the esophagus increased 3.4-fold (SIR 95% CI 2.1–5.1). Risk of gastric cancer in FDRs increased 1.6-fold (SIR 95% CI 1.5–1.7), occurrence of concordant subsite gastric cancer in the antrum, body, and cardia was 5.5-fold (SIR 95% CI 2.4–11), 4.6-fold (SIR 95% CI 2.6–7.4), and 1.7-fold (SIR 95% CI 1.1–2.5), respectively. Familial risk of concordant histological subtype in esophageal cancer was 4.1-fold for squamous cell carcinoma (SIR 95% CI 3.2–5.2) and 3.6-fold for adenocarcinoma (SIR 95% CI 2.5–5.1). The risk of concordant gastric adenocarcinoma was 1.6-fold for one affected FDR (SIR 95% CI 1.5–1.7), 6.1-fold for two FDRs (SIR 95% CI 4.4–8.4), and 8.6-fold among twins (SIR 95% CI 2.3–22).Conclusion: Family history of cancer in the lower third of the esophagus and stomach cancer in specific locations such as the antrum, body, and cardia can be considered as important predictive evidence for cancer in the same location in relatives. Our findings might guide endoscopy-based surveillance by introducing subgroups of populations with a higher risk for UGI cancer with particular attention to concordance of location of lesions, which could be a reasonable strategy for early detection, and thus help save more lives. Keywords: familial risk, gastric cancer, stomach cancer, esophageal cancer, anatomic location, histology

Energy demand is a critical contemporary concern, with significant implications for the future. While exploring renewable or sustainable energy sources offers potential solutions, optimizing energy consumption in existing power generation systems is also key. Aviation accounts for a substantial portion of energy demand, underscoring the importance of energy efficiency in this sector. Conventional energy analyses may be misleading; hence, employing exergy-based analyses provides a clearer understanding of energy consumption. Also, most of these analyses do not include the effect of the turbine blade's cooling in calculations. In the present study, exergy analyses have been conducted on a helicopter turboshaft engine with turbine-blades cooling, focusing on design parameters such as ambient temperature, compressor pressure ratio, and turbine inlet temperature. Thermodynamic optimizations are conducted using a genetic algorithm. Results show that increasing pressure ratio and turbine inlet temperature boost performance, yet technical restrictions on compressor and turbine size, and metallurgical constraints on turbine blades' material limit these gains. Sea level scenario prioritizes ambient temperature-drop for enhancing net-work and efficiency, while altitude-gain boosts turboshaft performance. Combustion chambers incur the highest exergy destruction of 74-80%, followed by 16-20% and 4-6%exergy destructions in the turbine and compressor, respectively. Lower air temperatures and higher flight altitudes demand larger fuel consumption for equivalent turbine inlet temperature, albeit enhancing cooling capacity and reducing required cooling air fraction for turbine blades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new doubly carboxylato-bridged Co(II) dinuclear complex, [Co(bdtbpza)(NCS)]2 (1), was obtained in a satisfactory yield by employing a 'scorpionate'-type precursor, bdtbpza {bis-(3,5-di-tert-butylpyrazol-1-yl)acetate}, and was then structurally characterized. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that, in 1, each Co(II) is penta-coordinated, leading to a distorted trigonal–bipyramidal geometry within the coordination environment of N3O2. Weak antiferromagnetic coupling within the Co(II) ions in 1 was found based on the isotropic spin Hamiltonian H = −J(S1·S2) for the Si = 3/2 system. For evaluating the spin density distribution and the mechanism for the magnetic exchange coupling, DFT analysis was performed, with the calculated result agreeing the experimental magnetic data. A study into electrochemical H2 evolution, involving cyclic voltammetry (CV), controlled potential electrolysis (CPE), and gas chromatographic (GC) analyses of the graphite electrode modified with the cobalt complex in a neutral aqueous solution revealed the high catalytic activity of the complex with a low overpotential toward H2O reduction. The faradaic efficiency of the catalyst was found to be 83.7% and the di-cobalt catalyst-modified electrode displayed quite an interesting H2-evolution activity compared with that of bare electrodes. These results are encouraging for the future potential application of 1 in water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In the dynamic world of financial investment, crafting an optimal stock portfolio that judiciously balances risk, return, and efficiency emerges as a critical challenge. Despite the wealth of research on financial portfolio optimization, prevailing methodologies predominantly emphasize either risk minimization or return maximization, often overlooking the imperative for a holistic strategy that simultaneously boosts efficiency and effectiveness. Addressing this gap in the literature, this study introduces an innovative four-objective model that intricately blends risk, return, and efficiency considerations for the strategic selection of stock portfolios. This model ingeniously integrates the foundational principles of Markowitz’s mean-variance analysis with the sophisticated network data envelopment analysis (NDEA) techniques, significantly refining the portfolio selection methodology. It further distinguishes itself by incorporating returns represented as trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy numbers, adeptly capturing the inherent uncertainties in financial returns. Additionally, the model employs the network data envelopment analysis’s cross-efficiency principle, providing a nuanced measure of company performance. To effectively navigate the complexities of this model, we deploy the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) and a multi-objective genetic algorithm, demonstrating the model’s capability to unearth optimal solutions efficiently. The comparative analysis highlights that the proposed model significantly outperforms the efficiency and effectiveness of existing models, marking a substantial advancement in portfolio optimization strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study a new design of the equal channel angular pressing die and punch is introduced. The new design eliminates the deflection of the punch and at the same time lowers the frictional forces by reducing the contact area. In order to show the capability of the new design, the Al‐7075 alloy samples were processed in two equal channel angular pressing dies. The measured data for the novel and conventional equal channel angular pressing processes were compared. The microstructure of the processed samples was examined with scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results of the experimental study revealed that the novel die can fully eliminate the risk of the punch deflection and simultaneously reduce the maximum required pressing force by about 3.1 % to 9.8 % for 16 % to 40 % reduction in frictional contact surfaces. The analysis of experimental results showed that there is non‐linear relation between the frictional contact area and the pressing load. In addition, it is shown that despites high contact pressures and high temperatures the use of graphite as a lubricant between sliding surfaces can considerably reduce the pressing load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]