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Data is increasingly recognized as a valuable asset for generating new insights and information. Given the importance of data, businesses must always look for ways to get more value from data generated from sales transactions. In data mining, association rule mining is a good standard technique and is widely used to find interesting relationships in databases. Association rule is closely related to market basket analysis to find items that often appear together in one transaction. This study proposes the frequent pattern growth (FP-Growth) algorithm in finding association rules on sales transaction data. Our methodology includes dataset preparation for modeling, evaluation of model performance, and subsequent integration into a web-based platform. We conducted a comparative analysis of the FP-Growth algorithm against the Apriori algorithm, finding that FP-Growth outperformed Apriori in efficiency. Using the same dataset and constraint level, both algorithms produce the same number of frequent itemsets. However, in terms of computation time, FP-Growth excels by taking 2.89 seconds while Apriori takes 5.29 seconds. We integrated trained FP-Growth algorithm into a web-based dashboard application using the streamlit framework. This system is anticipated to simplify the process for businesses to identify customer purchasing patterns and improve sales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The retail industry is a vital sector of the world economy and is characterized by fierce competition, tight profit margins, and demanding consumers. Understanding customer buying behavior patterns is essential in devising the best retail strategy to enhance product sales. This research aims to comprehend customer shopping behaviors based on retail sales transactions and formulate the best strategies. By employing multi-level association rules, the dataset is arranged hierarchically into categories, sub-categories, and items. The sales transaction data used comprises 5830 transaction records over a month. The results of this study reveal 24 associations of categories, 49 associations of sub-categories, and 12 associations of product items. Moreover, the proposed marketing strategy offers recommendations including store layout improvement, planogram design, and bundled product offerings. This research addresses the gap in empirical evidence from a previous study and suggests further observation from diverse locations to authenticate the findings, which may yield various outcomes

Manufacturing companies rely on machines for operational activities to produce finished goods. Common factors constraining the demand and supply of spare parts are the high number of spare parts managed and irregular patterns of demand for spare parts. These varying quantities also require investment in spare parts inventory and longer response times than predicted. The research aims to apply the FP-Growth algorithm approach to find association rules and produce patterns of demand and supply of spare parts in lightweight brick manufacturing companies based on transaction data on demand and supply of spare parts from January – March 2023. The approach used is associated with the applied algorithm. In this research, the primary process of the FP-Growth algorithm is to create a combination of each item until no more combinations are formed using minimum support and minimum confidence parameters. Based on the results of making association rules using spare parts demand data from the machine maintenance department, it is stated that the regulations formed from processing the RapidMiner application with a confidence value of 100% recommend FD Regular Bolt spare parts, then the next rating with a confidence value of 94% is Steel Nuts, seven rules recommend Nuts. Steel. Therefore, it is recommended that FD Regular Bolts and Steel Nuts carry out safety stock to maintain stock availability and place them on shelves included in the fast-moving inventory category.

Sustainable agriculture is becoming increasingly important in the face of growing environmental challenges. One key aspect of sustainable agriculture is managing soil resources effectively. In this context, digital soil mapping (DSM) has emerged as a powerful tool to understand soil variability better and inform land management decisions. This paper proposes a comprehensive data warehouse for DSM that supports climate change analysis. Our architecture integrates frequent itemset mining (FMI) and association rules mining (ARM) to extract insights from large‐scale soil data. We review related studies in soil data warehousing and ARM, identify gaps, and propose a data warehouse architecture leveraging the galaxy multidimensional model for DSM based on the SCORPAN model, which incorporates all relevant soil forming factors. We employ and compare A‐priori, FP‐growth, and ECLAT algorithms to efficiently mine frequent itemsets and generate association rules. Our intensive experiments evaluation demonstrates that FP‐growth outperforms the other algorithms in accuracy, scalability, and speed and requires less memory. Additionally, we utilized correlation metrics for ARM, such as lift, cosine, kulc, and Imbalance ratio, to obtain the most significant and relevant association rules. These rules provide valuable insights into the complex relationships between soil properties and environmental factors, which can inform land management decisions and improve sustainable agriculture practices. This work contributes to the growing body of research on DSM and data‐driven approaches to sustainable agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this modern era, there is so much competition in the business world, especially in the sales industry, that requires shop owners to find a strategy that can increase sales and marketing of the products they sell, one of which is by utilizing clothing sales transaction data using data mining. Data Mining is an iterative and interactive process to find new patterns or models that can be generalized for the future, useful and understandable in a very large database (massive database). In these conditions, good data processing techniques are needed, one of which is data mining techniques. One thing that can be used in this technique is to use the Association rule method using the FP-Growth algorithm, which is an algorithm that produces frequent itemsets which will later be used to determine recommendations for clothing products for the needs of the Siny.co Store. This research uses the RapidMiner Studio application to help process transaction data. This research method uses a minimum support of 20% and a minimum confidence of 80%, thereby creating 9 association rules, where these rules determine several products for recommendation at the Siny.Co Store, including Sashi, Canna, Alice, Tartan, Aruna, Cassandra, Nala, Lalita, and Acio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By launching a war against Ukraine, Russia changed the entire world system and demonstrated the ineffectiveness of the global security system. Today it is necessary to look for effective solutions to support the adoption of security decisions and develop effective strategies for the formation of a new architecture of the international security system.

In order to make full use of the accumulated curriculum data of Folk costume and dig out useful information from it, so as to provide useful information for curriculum teaching, the article proposes three general functions based on the requirement analysis, and pre-processes the completed grade data of ethnic costume students in 4 academic years, analyzes these data by FP-growth algorithm to understand the situation of association rules between different courses, and through K-means++ algorithm The clustering analysis of students with different levels of achievement is carried out and the results are validated by examples. In the algorithm performance analysis, the performance of FP-growth algorithm is better, the average absolute error of FP-growth algorithm is always smaller than that of Apriori algorithm; When the support degree is 20%, the running time of FP-growth algorithm is 0.4s, which is 0.4s less than that of Apriori algorithm. when the number of calculation nodes is 5, the running time of FP-growth algorithm and the accuracy of the K-means++ algorithm were higher than that of the K-means algorithm. In the Iris dataset, the accuracy of the K-means++ algorithm was 91.05%, which was 8.94% higher than that of the K-means algorithm. When mining the course grade data, the confidence level of the obtained association rules was even higher, even up to 97.15%. The standardized test score for the second group of students was 0.960. The course evaluation method used in the article was more objective and the accuracy of the data analysis was higher, providing valuable reference information for teachers' teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The limited ability to memorize, understand Arabic, and access sources are obstacles to understanding Islamic knowledge, especially understanding hadith. Searching for access to sources to obtain hadiths that are in accordance with the theme and the interrelationships between themes improves the quality of the preachers towards religious understanding. This study investigates how to automate the thematic tracking pattern of Prophet Muhammad's hadith using the FP-Growth (Frequent Pattern-Growth) and ECLAT algorithms. The research was conducted using qualitative and quantitative approaches. The next step involves creating a prototype using the dataset development framework. The result of this study is a prototype of hadith tracing using the FP-Growth algorithm with the prophet's hadith dataset based on the Bulughul Maram book. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to identify crypto assets with similar characteristics and to explore the similar responses of these assets to market-priced events. This process is carried out in two stages. Cluster analysis and association analysis were applied in the research. First of all, cluster analysis was performed using the variables; the total number of active unique addresses, USD value of the current supply, fixed closing price of the asset, return on investment of the asset, total of the current supply, number of transactions, USD value of the sum of native units and 30 days volatility criteria. HK-Means algorithm and R Program were used for clustering. Then, the co-movement of crypto assets was analyzed using the FP-Growth algorithm and the WEKA program. 71 crypto assets with the highest market capitalization and meeting the research criteria were included in the research. The data used in the research covers the period of May 2021-May 2022. According to the main findings obtained from the research; within the framework of the criteria used in the research, 4 clusters were formed. Most important association rules found to be between; btc (bitcoin) & aave (nominex), eth (ethereum) & aave (nominex), dot (polkadot) & aave (nominex), neo & aave (nominex), uni (uniswap) & aave (nominex), btg (bitcoin gold) & etc (ethereum classic), xrp (riple) & algo (algorand) & doge (dogecoin), xrp (riple) & doge (dogecoin), cro (cronos) & xrp (riple) & algo ( algorand) & trx (tron) & doge (dogecoin). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore potential value of explosively growing data in thermal power unit, this paper proposes a big data mining method based on Hadoop-based Spark cluster-computing framework and algorithms. Firstly, positive and negative balance methods are used to accurately obtain actual net coal consumption, and maximum information coefficient method is used to select all parameters related to optimization objectives. Then, Spark-based Mini-Batch K-means algorithm and Elbow method are constructed to divide whole operating modes. After that, all data are discretized and mapped to corresponding intervals by using Spark-based Elbow method and Mini-Batch K-means algorithm. Finally, Spark-based parallel FP-growth algorithm is used to deeply mine the potential relationships and laws. To verify the proposed method, a 350-MW thermal power unit is taken as a study case. The important conclusions are as follows: (1) the proposed Spark-based Mini-Batch K-means algorithm reduces the calculation time by 57.11% compared with Mini-Batch K-means algorithm, and 85.61% calculation time compared with K-means algorithm. The proposed Spark-based FP-growth algorithm reduces computational time by 32.8% compared with FP-growth algorithm. (2) Strong association rules of whole operating modes are mined, and operating optimization guidance schemes for important parameters are obtained. Take operating mode 1 as an example: if the optimal result can be reasonably applied, it can save 2.942 g coal per kilowatt hour. (3) Besides, we have found out some other potential relationships among parameters, which have important reference value for on-site operators to analyze economy of the thermal power unit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data analysis and processing is very important to support business development. One example is The Javanese Café which requires analysis and processing to determine promotional menu package recommendations. To carry out data analysis and processing, of course you need technology to make these activities easier. The technology that can be used to overcome this problem is data mining. Data mining has an association rule method which functions to form association patterns. Researchers also use the FP-Growth algorithm to speed up the data processing process. The sales transaction data processing resulted in 14 association patterns with the highest confidence values and 9 menu items with the lowest support values. Then the results were analyzed again and produced 4 recommendations for promotional menu packages that could be used to support product marketing strategies.

The popular association rule algorithms are Apriori and fp-growth; both of these algorithms are very familiar among data mining researchers; however, there are some weaknesses found in the association rule algorithm, including long dataset scans in the process of finding the frequency of the item set, using large memory, and the resulting rules being sometimes less than optimal. In this study, the authors made a comparison of the fp-growth, Apriori, and TPQ-Apriori algorithms to analyze the rule results of the three algorithms. TPQ- Apriori is an algorithm developed from the Apriori algorithm. For experiments, the Apriori and fp-growth algorithms use RapidMiner and Weka tools, while the TPQ-apriori algorithm uses self-built application programs. The dataset used is the sales data for the Kopegtel NTB department store, which has been uploaded on the Kaggle site. As for the results of testing the base rules from the overall results of testing the rules with the good Kopegtel dataset for 100%, 50%, and 25% of the total volume of the dataset, a conclusion can be drawn that the larger the dataset to be processed, the results will be more optimal when using the fp-growth algorithm RapidMiner, but not optimal if the dataset to be processed is small. It is different from using the Apriori and Weka FP-growth algorithms, where the resulting rules are less than optimal if the dataset used is large and optimal if the dataset is small. Several rules do not appear in the fp-growth and Apriori Weka algorithms because the two algorithms do not have a tolerance value in Weka's tools for the support of the rules that will be displayed. Meanwhile, the TPQ- Apriori algorithm that has been developed is capable of producing optimal rules for both large datasets and small datasets.

The feed rate is an important evaluation index of combine harvester performance. The quick identification of the amount of feed rate that enters the combine during harvesting is of great significance for the efficiency and operational quality of the combine harvester. To address this issue, this study proposes a feed rate discrimination method based on association rule mining. A self-designed data acquisition system was designed, taking the wheat combine harvester as object, and collected seven speed signals and three torque signals when the feed rate was 6 kg/s~8 kg/s, 8 kg/s~10 kg/s, and 10 kg/s~11 kg/s, respectively. The collected time series data were discretized so as to facilitate the construction of transaction sets. Then, the association rules in the constructed transaction set were mined by FP-Growth, and the rules with weak or no correlation with the increase in feed rate were filtered using min-support, min-confidence, and min-lift of 1.3, 0.8, and 3, respectively, to obtain strong association rules. Then, the strong association rules were constructed as classifiers. The test results showed that the accuracy of the constructed classifier for the identification of 6 kg/s~8 kg/s, 8 kg/s~10 kg/s, and 10 kg/s~11 kg/s feed rates was 100 %, 96 %, and 98.7 %, respectively. Research results can provide a basis for the adjustment of the working state of the combine harvester.

Under the background of large-scale PV (photovoltaic) integration, generating typical operation scenarios of power systems is of great significance for studying system planning operation and electricity markets. Since the uncertainty of PV output and system load is driven by weather factors to some extent, using PV output, system load, and weather data can allow constructing scenarios more accurately. In this study, we used a TimeGAN (time-series generative adversarial network) based on LSTM (long short-term memory) to generate PV output, system load, and weather data. After classifying the generated data using the k-means algorithm, we associated PV output scenarios and load scenarios using the FP-growth algorithm (an association rule mining algorithm), which effectively generated typical scenarios with weather correlations. In this case study, it can be seen that TimeGAN, unlike other GANs, could capture the temporal features of time-series data and performed better than the other examined GANs. The finally generated typical scenario sets also showed interpretable weather correlations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For decades, changes in fish catch composition and the marine environment have been monitored worldwide and recorded in databases like FAO FishStatJ and the European Union Copernicus Marine Service. However, the complexity and high variability in the dataset makes it challenging to find meaningful information through conventional data analytical methods. Therefore, in this pilot data mining study, we employed association rule mining algorithms (Apriori, ECLAT, and FP-Growth) to find frequently occurring itemsets in the fish-catch composition and marine environment data of the west and east coasts of India during the past decade (2011-2020). Firstly, the inherent spatial and temporal variations in fish-catch composition and marine environment (sea surface temperature and chlorophyll) on the west and east coasts of India were statistically analyzed and described. Then, the data were preprocessed, selected, and transformed into categorical attributes. By applying the association rule mining algorithms written in the Python language in the Google Colab workspace, we obtained frequent itemsets of fish catch and marine environment with different levels of minimum support and confidence. The preliminary results showed linear and inverse associations between changes in the sea surface temperature, chlorophyll concentration, and major catch groups, such as anchovies, Indian oil sardine, Indian mackerel, hairtails, butterfish-pomfrets, Bombay duck, flatfish, tunas, giant tiger prawn, crabs, lobsters, and cephalopods. Among the tested data mining algorithms, FP-Growth was found to be more efficient and reliable in finding associations between the spatiotemporal dynamics of the marine environment and fish distribution and abundance. Therefore, it can be potentially used to support marine fisheries' resource assessment and management strategies after refinement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficient discovery of frequent itemsets from a transaction database is the fundamental step for association rule mining in data analytics. Interesting associations among the items present in a transaction database contribute to knowledge enrichment. Thus, decision-making and pattern generation from the massive amounts of data become effortless. But one of the major problems associated with the algorithms of frequent itemset mining is excessive memory requirements, which cause them to be inappropriate for larger datasets with itemsets having high cardinality. A few novel data structures for mining frequent itemsets have been introduced in recent years. For example, N-List, NodeSet, DiffNodeSet, proximity list, etc. have been proposed that show a coherent mining approach for improving the execution time while still leaving the scope for further improvements in memory requirements. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm using cellular learning automata (CLA) and multiple FP tree structures for frequent itemset mining that is efficient in both time and memory requirements. Extensive experimentation has been performed by comparing the performance of the proposed method with the leading algorithms and using publicly available real and synthetic datasets designed specifically for pattern mining algorithms. It can be concluded that the proposed method is memory-efficient and shows comparable execution time with varying dataset dimensions and dataset density, assuring its robustness. In addition to the proposal of the new methodology for frequent itemset mining, its potential domain-specific usage in species biodiversity data analysis has also been discussed. The fact that which groups of species are closely related can be derived from huge occurrence records of species datasets. This could help in understanding species co-occurrence in multiple sites, which in turn assists in solving ecology-related issues for afforesting and reforesting. It could be a step forward toward the advantageous use of computer science in the biodiversity domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perkembangan teknologi memberikan dampak yang besar terhadap perkembangan dunia bisnis. Persaingan dalam dunia bisnis sangat ketat sehingga perlu melihat potensi transaksi penjualan produk dan memiliki strategi penjualan produk yang tepat. HNI Business Center 2 merupakan salah satu toko yang menjual produk herbal. Dengan banyaknya permintaan obat herbal pada saat covid-19 maka diperlukan stok obat guna meningkatkan penjualan produk. Maka diperkulan suatu anlisis untuk membantu pimpinan HNI Business Center 2 mengetahu produk yang harus ditingkatkan stoknya sesuai dengan data transaksi pelanggan. Maka dari permasalahan tersebut konsep yang bisa terapkan adalah data mining. Data yang di analisis nantinya menggunakan data mining adalah sejumlah 50 transaksi penjualan. Dengan menggunakan Minimum Support = 50% dan Maximum Support = 50%. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan oleh HNI Businss Center 2 untuk mengambil keputusan menyetok kesediaan poroduk herbal.

The retail industry continues to grow and develop in Indonesia. The retail sector as a provider of goods used in everyday life has long started digital transformation in its business. Digital technology helps the retail industry collect valuable customer data. Business analytic is the use of data, information technology and statistical analysis, which is used to obtain information about a business and make decisions based on facts. Business analytic turns data into steps or actions in the context of making business decisions. Consumer needs and purchasing behavior can be predicted with big data-based technology. Association Rule is a technique in data mining to find the relationship between items in an item set combination. One of the utilizations of the association rule method is market basket analysis. Algorithms that can be used to analyze consumer purchasing patterns include the Apriori algorithm, Frequent Pattern Growth (FP-Growth) which represents a database structure in a horizontal format, and the Equivalence Class Transformation (ECLAT) algorithm which represents a vertical data format. In addition, this research will first analyze the complexity of the algorithm based on the time complexity in running the algorithm. This analysis uses these three algorithms, which are applied to Supermarket "X" transaction data in 2021, namely 136,202 transactions. The measure of goodness that is used to find out the best algorithm uses support and confidence values. The results show that the ECLAT algorithm is the most superior algorithm compared to the others based on the execution time required by the algorithm. The support value used in forming associations in the ECLAT algorithm is 1%, resulting in 19 rules. From the results of these rules, the highest support value was generated by the purchase of Indomie goreng special and Indomie ayam bawang, where as many as 1,362 shopping transactions bought these two items together or 2.71% of the total transactions.

Schools and universities shuttered as a result of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, and student screen time skyrocketed. Since the programs are delivered online, a spike in social media use during lockdown resulted in many pupils becoming victims of cyberbullying, which includes criticizing one another, posting sexual comments on images of young ladies, and using fake accounts to bully others. Machine Learning (ML) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques are being used in a growing body of work on automated cyberbullying detection. Different machine learning methods, however, are unable to converge to the requisite accuracy. Thus, numerous classifier systems known as "ensemble learning" are proposed in order to improve predictive performance by aggregating the predictions from various models. In our proposed system, we use a novel method of detecting online harassment (cyberbullying) on the Instagram dataset. The attributes of abusive words are initially analyzed from feature selection and pre-trained word embedding language models like Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and Embeddings from Language Models (ELMO). A knowledge-based frequent pattern method is used to find the intention of the harasser and is created by the Knowledge-BERT (K-BERT). The unsupervised approaches such as Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA), Frequent pattern growth (FP-Growth), and a clustering technique K-Means. The results from the detection models are ensembled using Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) for classifying the categories of online harassment. The performance of the ensemble model is then cross-validated using machine learning metrics and compared with various existing techniques. An ensemble model performs better with a higher F1 score of 92.04% with less error rate in the classification of harassment categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a machine learning model based on the co-existence of static features for Android malware detection. The proposed model assumes that Android malware requests an abnormal set of co-existed permissions and APIs in comparing to those requested by benign applications. To prove this assumption, the paper created a new dataset of co-existed permissions and API calls at different levels of combinations, which are the second level, the third level, the fourth level and the fifth level. The extracted datasets of co-existed features at different levels were applied on permissions only, APIs only, permissions and APIs, and APIs and APIs frequencies. To extract the most relevant co-existed features, the frequent pattern growth (FP-growth) algorithm, which is an association rule mining technique, was used. The new datasets were extracted using Android APK samples from the Drebin, Malgenome and MalDroid2020 datasets. To evaluate the proposed model, several conventional machine learning algorithms were used. The results show that the model can successfully classify Android malware with a high accuracy using machine learning algorithms and the co-existence of features. Moreover, the results show that the achieved classification accuracy depends on the classifier and the type of co-existed features. The maximum accuracy, which is 98%, was achieved using the Random Forest algorithm and the co-existence of permissions features at the second combination level. Furthermore, the results show that the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art model. Using Malgenome dataset, the proposed approach achieved an accuracy of about 98%, while the state-of-the-art achieved an accuracy of about 87%. In addition, the experiments show that using the Drebin dataset, the proposed approach achieved an accuracy of about 95%, while the state-of-the-art achieved an accuracy of about 93%.

The Apriori algorithm is one of the most widely developed and used association rule algorithms because it can produce optimal rules. The association rule a priori algorithm has three main problems: the old dataset scan process, less than optimal rules formed, and the use of large memory. Therefore, this study aims to improve the performance of the a priori algorithm in the itemset frequency search process with optimal rules, small memory usage, and fast dataset scans. The method used in this study is TID-List Vertical and data partitioning. This study result indicates that the TPQ-Apriori method improves the performance of the dataset scan process up to two times faster in scanning datasets compared to the study's results using the traditional a priori method. The performance of the dataset scan process from the results of this study is also superior in processing speed by up to 7% on scanning datasets compared to the ETDPC-Apriori method on testing three data sets (mushroom, chess, and c20d10k). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Medan Marelan Health Center is one of the health centers in the city of Medan. The supply of medicines is considered necessary so that these medicines can still be available at any time with various types and functions. In order not to experience difficulties in distributing medicines and anticipating the supply of medicines in the Puskesmas, research was carried out using the Data Mining method. In this study, a test will be carried out on the Association Rule which is used as a solution to problems with the pattern of the drug procurement system, and will display information about the value of support and confidence from each Data Mining process. Tests in this study using Weka Software to determine the procurement of drugs that are often needed. Information obtained from the stages of the FP-Growth Algorithm is to produce patterns in the procurement of medicines, and an itemset combination pattern has been formed using the FP-Growth Algorithm method so that the results of this study can be used in drug supply effectively and efficiently.

This study aimed to find associated patterns by association rule mining and propose a prediction model using ensemble learning methods of high levels of trauma items affecting depression and suicide among primary school students in Thai rural extended opportunity schools. Our proposed methods were different from others that have analysed the relationship of high life trauma leading to depression and suicide by using statistical analysis. We found strongly associated patterns and effects among primary students’ trauma, depression, and suicide. The trauma of psychological abuse and neglect may result in suicide, whereas psychological abuse, neglect, and the experience of self-harm are also likely to result in the increased severity of traumatic events in life. The trauma of physical and sexual abuse, neglect, helplessness, feeling worthless, being weak, and self-harm were associated with depression. Our research discovered new knowledge that the risk of suicide arises from two extreme types of trauma: when children’s safety is frequently threatened and the family communicates frequently using rude or abusive words; these traumas may not merely correlate with depression but may ultimately result in suicide. Moreover, this study discovered 7 highly important trauma items and 4 suicide items for predicting depression and suicide using the Random Forest technique. We found that the Random Forest technique performed well in predicting depression and suicide. The predicted depression results show that the overall accuracy was 85.84%, precision was 89.33%, and recall was 75.28%. The predicted suicide results show that the overall accuracy was 91.28%, precision was 89.05%, and recall was 84.72%. From these results, we identified high life trauma affecting depression and suicide, which are very beneficial to practitioners to use in preliminary screening. In addition, those involved need to be aware and attentive in counselling these people with these symptoms in time. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-04-02 Full Text: PDF

The proposed work aims to solve data sparsity problem in the recommendation system. It handles two-level pre-processing techniques to reduce the data size at the item level. Additional resources like items genre, tag, and time are added to learn and analyse the behaviour of the user preferences in-depth. The advantage of the proposed method is to recommend the item, based on user interest pattern and avoid recommending the outdated items. User information are grouped based on similar item genre and tag feature. This effectively handle overlapping conditions that exist on item's genre, as it has more than one genre at initial level. Further, based on time, it analyses the user non-static interest. Overall it reduces the dimensions which is an initial way to prepare data, to analyse hidden pattern. To enhance the performance, the proposed method utilized Apache's spark Mllib FP-Growth and association rule mining approach in a distributed environment. To reduce the computation cost of constructing tree in FP-Growth, the candidate data set is stored in matrix form. The experiments were conducted using MovieLens data set. The observed results shows that the proposed method achieves 4% increase in accuracy when compared to earlier methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The automated fault detection and diagnostics (AFDD) of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) using data mining and machine learning models have recently received substantial attention from researchers and practitioners. Various models have been developed over the years for AFDD of complete HVAC or its sub-systems. However, HVAC complexities, which partly have roots in its close coupling nature and interrelated dependencies, mean that understanding the relationship between faults and the suitability of the techniques remains an unanswered question. The literature analysis and interactive visualization of the data collected from the past implementation of AFDD models can provide useful insight to further explore this question by applying artificial intelligence (AI). Association rule mining (ARM) is deployed by this paper, using the frequent pattern (FP) growth algorithm to generate frequent fault sets for most common HVAC faults from the body of AFDD models developed in the literature to represent the status quo. A new model is developed for common HVAC faults and the techniques most frequently used to detect and diagnose them. A recommender system is developed using the ARM model to extract knowledge from the body of knowledge of HVAC data-driven AFDD in the form of rule-sets that reflect the associations. Findings of this review paper can significantly help civil and building engineers, as well as facility managers, in better management of building HVAC systems.

Abstract Current days an enormous amount of data is put away and recovered from the cloud because of its benefits like stowage size, assets pooling, and multi-occupancy. Because every administration is accessible through cyberspace, there is a lot of ambiguity about security and protection at various levels. This work proposed a privacy-preserving technique by applying Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) coding-based novel Bit Incorporated Codon Positional Encoder (BICPE) algorithm for vertically divided cloud information. The transactional items are scrambled with a replacement of the DNA codon. Fictitious exchanges are appended unilaterally into the private database before encryption by the data owner to alleviate frequency analysis attacks of the items. The proposed BICPE algorithm encrypts the transactional data into A, C, G, T codons to upgrade the safety of the transactional items by replacement, operation, and intricacy. The concepts of binary coding and random values are utilized in DNA sequencing to encode the data. In this method, both the sender and the receiver will share a common DNA sequence for encryption and decryption process. The performance of the proposed technique is compared with the traditional Homomorphic Encryption (HE) in terms of support threshold values (Ts) for different items in a transaction. The exploratory outcomes demonstrate that the BICPE algorithm outperforms HE as far as ciphertext size, execution time, and privacy. Hence, the newly proposed technique is more efficient and offers better performance in terms of privacy.

Meteorological disasters pose a significant challenge to megacities, and quantitatively identifying the influence of meteorological conditions on disasters is an urgent issue. Compared to other traditional datasets, disaster reporting data offers significant informational value for urban meteorological risk response and assessment due to its high credibility and timeliness. This study is based on meteorological disaster reporting data for Shanghai over the past 10 years and focuses on the identification and threshold analysis of meteorological disaster risk factors for disaster-affected entities, offering a novel perspective on analyzing disaster-causing risk under the combined influence of meteorological conditions. The findings suggest that disaster reporting data can be used for meteorological risk assessment. There were noticeable differences in the disaster thresholds for affected entities in central urban areas (city center) versus suburban areas (suburbs). The combined effects of strong winds and heavy rain were often significant contributors to the occurrence of disasters. Furthermore, several distinct disaster characteristics were identified through frequent pattern (FP)-growth mining. The results of this study provide technical support for early warning and disaster management under specific weather conditions by constructing a quantitative framework for understanding the impact of hazardous weather. • Disaster reporting data can provide valuable information for analyzing disaster impact characteristics. • A 10-year database composed of 51,409 disaster reporting data is used for analysis. • FP-growth algorithm extracted frequent patterns between meteorological conditions and disaster onset on affected entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient methods of analysis readily available for clinicians continue to be limited within neuropsychological assessment at the raw data level. Here, a novel approach for generating predictive response patterns and analysing neuropsychological raw data is offered. In order to assess the usefulness of association rule learning as an analysis tool for neuropsychological raw data, Frequent Pattern Growth (FP‐Growth) was used to mine patterns from the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease Neuropsychological Battery (CERAD‐NB) database. Complete assessment data for 84 post‐mortem confirmed Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases and 294 age, race, and education matched controls were analysed across baseline and one‐year follow‐up using FP‐Growth, for the purpose of assessing the clinical utility of a finer analysis at the raw data level and the feasibility of predicting response patterns for clinical/control groups. Output from FP‐Growth, in terms of the number of frequent itemsets retained across both evaluation timepoints, was discernable between controls, mild, and moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease cases (p <.001, and η2 =.488). Patterns within raw data scores, both in terms of frequent itemsets and predictive association rules, appear to be differentiable across groups within neuropsychological analysis, which indicates that FP‐Growth is applicable as a supplementary analysis tool for neuropsychological assessment by means of offering an additional level of data analysis, predictive item response capabilities, and aiding in clinical decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most challenging tasks in association rule mining is that when a new incremental database is added to an original database, some existing frequent itemsets may become infrequent itemsets and vice versa. As a result, some previous association rules may become invalid and some new association rules may emerge. We designed a new, more efficient approach for incremental association rule mining using a Fast Incremental Updating Frequent Pattern growth algorithm (FIUFP-Growth), a new Incremental Conditional Pattern tree (ICP-tree), and a compact sub-tree suitable for incremental mining of frequent itemsets. This algorithm retrieves previous frequent itemsets that have already been mined from the original database and their support counts then use them to efficiently mine frequent itemsets from the updated database and ICP-tree, reducing the number of rescans of the original database. Our algorithm reduced usages of resource and time for unnecessary sub-tree construction compared to individual FP- Growth, FUFP-tree maintenance, Pre-FUFP, and FCFPIM algorithms. From the results, at 3% minimum support threshold, the average execution time for pattern growth mining of our algorithm performs 46% faster than FP- Growth, FUFP-tree, Pre-FUFP, and FCFPIM. This approach to incremental association rule mining and our experimental findings may directly benefit designers and developers of computer business intelligence methods.

The Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) is frequently utilized in a variety of Text Mining applications. In the text processing domains, where the amount of the processed data is vast, inserting manual rules for FIS remains a real issue, especially in the text processing domains, where the size of the processed databases is enormous. Therefore, an automated and optimal inference rules (IR) selection strengthens the FIS process. In this work, we propose to apply the FP-Growth as an association model algorithm and an automatic way to identify IR for fuzzy text vectorization. Once the fuzzy vectors are generated, we call the selection variables algorithms, e.g., Info Gain and Relief, to reduce the given descriptor dimensionality. To test the new descriptor performance, we propose multi-classes text classification systems using several machine learning algorithms. Applying benchmarked databases, the new technique to produce Fuzzy descriptors achieves a significant gain in time, precision rules, and weighting quality. Moreover, comparing the classification systems, the accuracy is improved by 10% comparing with other approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology prediction is an important technique to help new energy vehicle (NEV) firms keep market advantage and sustainable development. Under fierce competition in the new energy industry, there is an urgent necessity for innovative technology prediction method to effectively identify core and frontier technologies for NEV firms. Among the various methods of technology prediction, one of the most frequently used methods is to make technology prediction from patent data. This paper synthesizes the frequent pattern growth (FP-growth) algorithm and input-output analysis to construct a new technology prediction method based on the knowledge flow perspective, takes the data of NEV patent family in 1989–2018 the Derwent patent database as a sample, divides the data according to the 5-year standard, and uses the method to identify the core and frontier technologies in the NEV field during different periods. Furthermore, the multiple co-occurrence method applies to analyze the technology layout and evolution patterns in China's NEV field. The results show that the technology prediction method proposed in this paper can effectively identify core and frontier technologies to achieve NEV technology prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The automated fault detection and diagnostics (AFDD) of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) using data mining and machine learning models have recently received substantial attention from researchers and practitioners. Various models have been developed over the years for AFDD of complete HVAC or its sub-systems. However, HVAC complexities, which partly have roots in its close coupling nature and interrelated dependencies, mean that understanding the relationship between faults and the suitability of the techniques remains an unanswered question. The literature analysis and interactive visualization of the data collected fromthe past implementation of AFDD models can provide useful insight to further explore this question by applying artificial intelligence (AI). Association rule mining (ARM) is deployed by this paper, using the frequent pattern (FP) growth algorithm to generate frequent fault sets for most common HVAC faults from the body of AFDD models developed in the literature to represent the status quo. A new model is developed for common HVAC faults and the techniques most frequently used to detect and diagnose them. A recommender system is developed using the ARM model to extract knowledge from the body of knowledge of HVAC data-driven AFDD in the form of rule-sets that reflect the associations. Findings of this review paper can significantly help civil and building engineers, as well as facility managers, in better management of building HVAC systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The SPADE (spatio-temporal S pike PA ttern D etection and E valuation) method was developed to find reoccurring spatio-temporal patterns in neuronal spike activity (parallel spike trains). However, depending on the number of spike trains and the length of recording, this method can exhibit long runtimes. Based on a realistic benchmark data set, we identified that the combination of pattern mining (using the FP-Growth algorithm) and the result filtering account for 85–90% of the method's total runtime. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a customized FP-Growth implementation tailored to the requirements of SPADE , which significantly accelerates pattern mining and result filtering. Our version allows for parallel and distributed execution, and due to the improvements made, an execution on heterogeneous and low-power embedded devices is now also possible. The implementation has been evaluated using a traditional workstation based on an Intel Broadwell Xeon E5-1650 v4 as a baseline. Furthermore, the heterogeneous microserver platform RECS|Box has been used for evaluating the implementation on two HiSilicon Hi1616 (Kunpeng 916), an Intel Coffee Lake-ER Xeon E-2276ME, an Intel Broadwell Xeon D-D1577, and three NVIDIA Tegra devices (Jetson AGX Xavier, Jetson Xavier NX, and Jetson TX2). Depending on the platform, our implementation is between 27 and 200 times faster than the original implementation. At the same time, the energy consumption was reduced by up to two orders of magnitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The SPADE (spatio-temporal Spike PAttern Detection and Evaluation) method was developed to find reoccurring spatio-temporal patterns in neuronal spike activity (parallel spike trains). However, depending on the number of spike trains and the length of recording, this method can exhibit long runtimes. Based on a realistic benchmark data set, we identified that the combination of pattern mining (using the FP-Growth algorithm) and the result filtering account for 85–90% of the method's total runtime. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a customized FP-Growth implementation tailored to the requirements of SPADE, which significantly accelerates pattern mining and result filtering. Our version allows for parallel and distributed execution, and due to the improvements made, an execution on heterogeneous and low-power embedded devices is now also possible. The implementation has been evaluated using a traditional workstation based on an Intel Broadwell Xeon E5-1650 v4 as a baseline. Furthermore, the heterogeneous microserver platform RECS|Box has been used for evaluating the implementation on two HiSilicon Hi1616 (Kunpeng 916), an Intel Coffee Lake-ER Xeon E-2276ME, an Intel Broadwell Xeon D-D1577, and three NVIDIA Tegra devices (Jetson AGX Xavier, Jetson Xavier NX, and Jetson TX2). Depending on the platform, our implementation is between 27 and 200 times faster than the original implementation. At the same time, the energy consumption was reduced by up to two orders of magnitude.

Formal concept analysis (FCA) is an unsupervised machine learning technique used for knowledge discovery and representation. A major task in FCA is the enumeration of the implications to construct the implication base. Even though there are many efficient classical and parallel algorithms proposed for constructing the implication base, the existing algorithms are not well suited for large formal contexts because of their architectural complexity. All the existing works use either stem-base or proper-premise approach to find the implication base in exponential time. Hence, we introduce a distributed algorithm to find the implication base quickly in larger datasets in polynomial time. In this paper, we propose a scalable algorithm to find the implication base using machine learning technique FP-growth, big data processing framework Apache Spark and executed on large formal contexts. Extensive experiments on the real-world datasets show that the proposed algorithm has an improved gain in performance metrics such as execution time, CPU and memory usage. The statistical validations on the experimental results prove that the proposed algorithm has the better potential to find the implication base. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the incidence of prostate cancer has been increasing around the world. Knowing prostate cancer survival time is very important for physicians and patients, since physicians can guide decision making in order to select the proper treatment that maximize benefit for each patient. This study aimed to compare Apriori and FP-Growth techniques in generating association rules to prostate cancer. The data were collected from SEER between January 2004 and 2014with the final 2,308 records. Apriori and FP-Growth techniques were used. The results showed that the FP-Growth technique has the ability to build more association rules than Apriori technique. The confidence of FP-Growth is 96.00% with 80-84.9% of support which is better than Apriori.

Mining frequent item sets from transaction datasets is always being one of the most important problems of data mining. Apriori is the most popular and simplest algorithm for frequent itemset mining. Transaction data is a set of recording data resulting in connections with sales-purchase activities at a particular online store. In recent years transaction data has been used in research for discovering new information. One of the possible attempts is to design an application that can be used to analyze the existing transaction data. This paper focuses on the performance comparison of Apriori and FP-growth algorithms with respect to the execution time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perilaku konsumen dalam membeli suatu produk memang sangat beragam. Ada pembeli yang gemar membeli produk yang telah dipaket, tetapi ada juga pembeli yang membeli produk yang mendapat diskon, dan masih banyak lagi. Keragaman perilaku konsumen dalam memilih barang yang ingin dibeli tentunya menjadi permasalahan tersendiri bagi para penjual jika ingin meningkatkan penjualannya. Algoritma FP-Growth sendiri merupakan hasil perbaikan dari algoritma Apriori. FP-Growth membangkitkan struktur data tree atau yang lebih dikenal sebagai frequent pattern tree. FP tree memerlukan dua kali scanning database untuk menentukan frequent itemset sehingga membuatnya lebih efisien dibandingkan Apriori. Hasil dari association rules menggunakan FP-Growth dijadikan rekomendasi bagi para penjual / retailer dalam memberikan paket penjualan barang bagi konsumennya dan hasil dari penelitian ini adalah ditemukan dua pasangan item barang yakni kopi, gula dan teh, susu yang memiliki support sebesar 30% dan confidence sebesar 70%.

User Identity Linkage (UIL) across social networks refers to the recognition of the accounts belonging to the same individual among multiple social network platforms. Due to the network user's identities have the characteristics of various sources and real identity cannot be confirmed, it is very easy to become the main means of malicious user to carry out network attacks and spread rumors. User Identity Linkage not only can make the service provider to understand the user and thus to provide better service to the user, but also plays a significant role in improving the ability to find and track malicious users. For the credibility problem on the associated clues of user identification resulted from dynamic IP, shared Internet access and other factors, a user identity linkage method based on user online habit is proposed. This method assumes that the people use multiple network services crosswise when using the internet, converts the association analysis problem of user identification to the frequent pattern mining problem, and performs the optimization from three respective aspects: the online transaction database construction, the fast algorithm for mining frequent patterns and frequent cooccurrence identities consolidation. In order to improve the efficiency of frequent pattern mining, a parallelization of FPGrowth algorithm called MRFP-Growth algorithm is proposed to mine the user identifications of frequent cooccurrence quickly and efficiently. Experiments show that this method can associate multiple accounts of a user in network traffic with more than 85% accuracy in the scenario of dynamic variable IP address with only IP address and online time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Data mining is an important technology to reveal the patterns from crime data. Although there are many researches about this topic, less work models the relations between rates of different kinds of crime. In this paper, an algorithm based on fuzzy association rules (AR) mining is proposed to discover these relations. Two datasets, which are crimes in Chicago from 2012 to 2017 and crimes in NSW from 2008 to 2012, are used for case studies. At first, crime data is preprocessed, where every kind of crime occurring in every district during every month is counted. For a crime in a combination of district and month, the membership function, which is based on hypothesis testing, is designed to evaluate the degree to which its rate is high, normal or low, and the fuzzy transactional dataset is formed. A bridge between fuzzy transactional dataset and binary AR mining algorithm is built, so those mature tools of binary AR mining can be applied to generate fuzzy ARs. In the results of case studies, the strong relations between rates of different crime can be found. There are many interesting and surprise rules, which are worthy to be further studied by domain experts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of gas in Indonesia is a more profitable alternative, one of which is the oil conversion program, LPG (liquefied petroleum gas). UD.Maju Bersama, which is a distribution agent for 3 Kg LPG gas for household needs, so far because of the many requests, of course LPG agents like this need to forecast the frequency of purchases to find out if the sales have been sold as optimally as possible and stocks can be provided well and supplies adequate for consumer demand. this problem can be solved by applying one of the Datamining techniques which is using the FP-Growth Algorithm method to find out the Frequency of Purchase of 3 Kg LPG Gas. Frequent Pattern Growth (FP-Growth) can be used to determine the set of data that most often appears (frequent itemset) in a data set. The results of data processing purchases at the Elpiji UD base. Forward Together the most sold or purchased values ​​at week 1 and 2 on each month with the highest value support 66.67% confidence 100.00%. the results can help base owners to make decisions on gas supply so that they can be used to increase the amount of supply from distributors to agents and increase profits with support and confidence.