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1. Zinc concentrations in the expressed prostatic fluid of patients with bladder cancer

Author

Vladimir Zaichick and Sofia Zaichick

Subjects
prostate cancer, bladder cancer, expressed prostatic fluid, zinc, energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescent analysis, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Introduction: In our previous studies it was concluded that the zinc (Zn) level in in human expressed prostatic fluid (EPF) is a first candidate with the role of offering a new, simple, fast, reliable, and non-invasive diagnostic tool for prostate cancer (PCa) screening. However it was unclear how other non-prostatic diseases inherent of the old persons, including heart diseases, atherosclerosis, diabetes, asymptomatic cancer of different localization and some others, impact on a chemical element composition of expressed prostatic fluid. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether significant changes in the levels of Zn in EPF exist in patients with bladder cancer (BC). Methods: Prostatic fluid levels of Zn were prospectively evaluated in 17 patients with BC and 51 healthy male inhabitants (control group). Measurements were performed using 109Cd radionuclide-induced energy dispersive X-ray fluorescent microanalysis developed by us. Results: Mean value  standard deviation of mean (MSD) for concentration of Zn in the EPF of healthy males and patients with BC was 573202 mg/L and 625±108 mg/L, respectively. Using both parametric Student’s t-test and non-parametric Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U-test it was shown that the Zn concentration in the EPF of patients with BC did not differ from that in healthy subjects. Conclusion: Such serious illness as BC did not impact on the Zn concentration in the EPF.

Published
2020
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2. Zinc concentrations in the expressed prostatic fluid of patients with bladder cancer

Author

Sofia Zaichick and Vladimir Zaichick

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Medicine (General), Bladder cancer, business.industry, zinc, expressed prostatic fluid, chemistry.chemical_element, Cancer, Zinc, medicine.disease, prostate cancer, Asymptomatic, Gastroenterology, Prostate cancer, R5-920, chemistry, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Medicine, bladder cancer, In patient, Expressed prostatic fluid, energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescent analysis, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

Introduction: In our previous studies it was concluded that the zinc (Zn) level in in human expressed prostatic fluid (EPF) is a first candidate with the role of offering a new, simple, fast, reliable, and non-invasive diagnostic tool for prostate cancer (PCa) screening. However it was unclear how other non-prostatic diseases inherent of the old persons, including heart diseases, atherosclerosis, diabetes, asymptomatic cancer of different localization and some others, impact on a chemical element composition of expressed prostatic fluid. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether significant changes in the levels of Zn in EPF exist in patients with bladder cancer (BC). Methods: Prostatic fluid levels of Zn were prospectively evaluated in 17 patients with BC and 51 healthy male inhabitants (control group). Measurements were performed using 109Cd radionuclide-induced energy dispersive X-ray fluorescent microanalysis developed by us. Results: Mean value  standard deviation of mean (MSD) for concentration of Zn in the EPF of healthy males and patients with BC was 573202 mg/L and 625±108 mg/L, respectively. Using both parametric Student’s t-test and non-parametric Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney U-test it was shown that the Zn concentration in the EPF of patients with BC did not differ from that in healthy subjects. Conclusion: Such serious illness as BC did not impact on the Zn concentration in the EPF., {"references":["aitt HE. Global trends and prostate cancer: A review of incidence, detection, and mortality as influenced by race, ethnicity, and geographic location. Am J Mens Health. 2018;12(6):1807-23 doi: 10.1177/1557988318798279.","Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer Statistics, 2017. CA Cancer J Clin. 2017;67(1) 7-30. doi: 10.3322/caac.21387.","Qi D, Wu C, Liu F, Gu K, Shi Z, Liu X, et al. Trends of prostate cancer incidence and mortality in Shanghai, China from 1973 to 2009. Prostate. 2015;75(14):1662-8. doi: 10.1002/pros.23046.","Tkac J, Gajdosova V, Hroncekova S, Bertok T, Hires M, Jane E, et al. Prostate-specific antigen glycoprofiling as diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of prostate cancer. Interface Focus. 2019;9(2):20180077. doi: 10.1098/rsfs.2018.0077.","Zapała P, Dybowski B, Poletajew S, Radziszewski P. What can be expected from prostate cancer biomarkers. A clinical perspective. Urol Int. 2018;100(1):1-12. doi: 10.1159/000479982.","Sorokin I, Mian BM. Risk calculators and updated tools to select and plan a repeat biopsy for prostate cancer detection. Asian J Androl. 2015;17(6):864-9. doi: 10.4103/1008-682X.156859.","Qu M, Ren SC, Sun YH. Current early diagnostic biomarkers of prostate cancer. Asian J Androl. 2014;16(4):549-54. doi: 10.4103/1008-682X.129211.","Thompson IM, Pauler DK, Goodman PJ, Tangen CM, Lucia MS, Parnes HL, et al. Prevalence of prostate cancer among men with a prostate-specific antigen level < or = 4.0 ng per milliliter. N Engl J Med. 2004;350(22):2239-46. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa031918.","Alotaibi KM. Incidence of prostate cancer among patients with prostate-related urinary symptoms: A single institution series in 10 years. Urol Ann. 2019;11(2):135-8. doi: 10.4103/UA.UA_151_18.","Hayes B, Murphy C, Crawley A, O'Kennedy R. Developments in point-of-care diagnostic technology for cancer detection. Diagnostics (Basel). 2018;8(2). doi: 10.3390/diagnostics8020039.","Zaichick S, Zaichick V. The Br, Fe, Rb, Sr, and Zn content and interrelation in intact and morphologic normal prostate tissue of adult men investigated by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescent analysis. X-Ray Spectr. 2011 40(6):464-9. doi: 10.1002/xrs.1370.","Zaihick V. INAA and EDXRF applications in the age dynamics assessment of Zn content and distribution in the normal human prostate. J Radioanal Nucl Chem. 2004;262:229-34.","Zaichick S., Zaichick V. INAA application in the age dynamics assessment of Br, Ca, Cl, K, Mg, Mn, and Na content in the normal human prostate. J Radioanal Nucl Chem. 2011;288(1):197-202. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-010-0927-4.","Zaichick S, Zaichick V. The effect of age on Ag, Co, Cr, Fe, Hg, Sb, Sc, Se, and Zn contents in intact human prostate investigated by neutron activation analysis. Appl Radiat Isot. 2011;69(6):827-33. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.02.010.","Zaichick V, Nosenko S, Moskvina I. The effect of age on 12 chemical element contents in intact prostate of adult men investigated by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2012;147(1-3):49-58. doi: 10.1007/s12011-011-9294-4.","Zaichick S, Zaichick V, Nosenko S, Moskvina I. Mass fractions of 52 trace elements and zinc trace element content ratios in intact human prostates investigated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2012;149(2) 171-83. doi: 10.1007/s12011-012-9427-4.","Zaichick S, Zaichick V. Relations of morphometric parameters to zinc content in paediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands. Andrology. 2013;1(1):139-46. doi: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2012.00005.x.","Zaichick V, Zaichick S. The effect of age on Br, Ca, Cl, K, Mg, Mn, and Na mass fraction in pediatric and young adult prostate glands investigated by neutron activation analysis. Appl Radiat Isot. 2013;82:145-51. doi: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.07.035.","Zaichick V, Zaichick S. INAA application in the assessment of Ag, Co, Cr, Fe, Hg, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, and Zn mass fraction in pediatric and young adult prostate glands. J Radioanal Nucl Chem. 2013;298:1559-66. doi: 10.1007/s10967-013-2554-3.","Zaichick V, Zaichick S. NAA-SLR and ICP-AES Application in the assessment of mass fraction of 19 chemical elements in pediatric and young adult prostate glands. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2013;156(1-3):357-66. doi: 10.1007/s12011-013-9826-1.","Zaichick V, Zaichick S. Use of neutron activation analysis and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the determination of trace elements in pediatric and young adult prostate. Am J Analyt Chem. 2013;4(12):696-706. doi: 10.4236/ajac.2013.412084.","Zaichick V, Zaichick S. INAA application in the assessment of chemical element mass fractions in adult and geriatric prostate glands. Appl Radiat Isot. 2014;90:62-73. doi: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.03.010.","Zaichick V, Zaichick S. Use of INAA and ICP-MS for the assessment of trace element mass fractions in adult and geriatric prostate. J Radioanal Nucl Chem. 2014;301(2):383-97. doi: 10.1007/s10967-014-3173-3.","Zaichick V, Zaichick S. Determination of trace elements in adults and geriatric prostate combining neutron activation with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Open Journal of Biochemistry. 2014;1(2):16-33.","Zaichick V, Zaichick S. Age-related histological and zinc content changes in adult nonhyperplastic prostate glands. Age. 2014;36(1):167-81. doi: 10.1007/s11357-013-9561-8.","Zaichick V, Zaichick S. Relations of bromine, iron, rubidium, strontium, and zinc content to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2014;157(3):195-204. doi: 10.1007/s12011-014-9890-1.","Zaichick V, Zaichick S. Relations of the neutron activation analysis data to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands. Advances in Biomedical Science and Engineering. 2014;1(1):26-42.","Zaichick V, Zaichick S. Relations of the Al, B, Ba, Br, Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Si, Sr, and Zn mass fractions to morphometric parameters in pediatric and nonhyperplastic young adult prostate glands. Biometals. 2014;27:333-48. doi: 10.1007/s10534-014-9716-9.","Zaichick V. The variation with age of 67 macro- and microelement contents in nonhyperplastic prostate glands of adult and elderly males investigated by nuclear analytical and related methods. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2015;168(1):44-60. doi: 10.1007/s12011-015-0342-3.","Zaichick V, Sviridova T, Zaichick S. Zinc in the human prostate gland: normal, hyperplastic and cancerous. Int Urol Nephrol. 1997;29(5):565-74. doi: 10.1007/BF02552202.","Zaichick S, Zaichick V. Trace elements of normal, benign hypertrophic and cancerous tissues of the human prostate gland investigated by neutron activation analysis. Appl Radiat Isot. 2012;70(1):81-7. doi: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2011.08.021.","Zaichick V. The prostatic urethra as a Venturi effect urine-jet pump to drain prostatic fluid. Med Hypotheses. 2014;83(1):65-8. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.04.006.","Mackenzie AR, Hall T, Whitmore WFJr. Zinc content of expressed human prostate fluid. Nature. 1962;193(4810):72-3. doi: 10.1038/193072a0.","Marmar JL, Katz S, Praiss DE, De Benedictis TJ. Values for zinc in whole semen, fraction of split ejaculate, and expressed prostatic fluid. Urology. 1980;16(5):478-80. doi: 10.1016/0090-4295(80)90599-3.","Zaichick V, Tsyb A, Dunchik VN, Sviridova TV. Method for diagnostics of prostate diseases. Russia Certificate of invention No 997281; 1981.","Zaichick V, Sviridova T, Zaichick S. Zinc concentration in human prostatic fluid: normal, chronic prostatitis, adenoma, and cancer. Int Urol Nephrol. 1996;28(5):687-94. doi: 10.1007/BF02552165.","Costello LC, Franklin RB. Prostatic fluid electrolyte composition for the screening of prostate cancer: a potential solution to a major problem. Prostate Cancer Prostate Dis. 2009;12(1):17-24. doi: 10.1038/pcan.2008.19.","Zaichick V, Zaichick S, Davydov G. Method and portable facility for measurement of trace element concentration in prostate fluid samples using radionuclide-induced energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescent analysis. Nucl Sci Tech. 2016;27(6):1-8. doi: 10.1007/s41365-016-0133-3.","Zaichick V, Zaichick S. Ratio of zinc to bromine, iron, rubidium, and strontium concentration in expressed prostatic secretions as a source for biomarkers of prostatic cancer. Am J Res. 2019;5-6:140-50.","Zaichick V, Zaichick S. Some trace element contents and ratios in prostatic fluids as ancillary diagnostic tools in distinguishing between the benign prostatic hyperplasia and chronic prostatitis. Archives of Urology. 2019;2(1):12-20.","Zaichick V, Zaichick S. Significance of trace element quantities in the prostatic secretion of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. J Cancer Metastasis Treat. 2019;5(48):1-9. doi: 10.20517/2394-4722.2019.07.","Zaichick V, Zaichick S. Some trace element contents and ratios in prostatic fluids as ancillary diagnostic tools in distinguishing between the benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. Cancer Ther Oncol Int J. 2019;14(1):1-7.","Zaichick V, Zaichick S. Using prostatic fluid levels of zinc to bromine concentration ratio in non-invasive and highly accurate screening for prostate cancer. Journal of Hematology and Oncology Research. 2019;3(3):21-31. doi: 10.14302/issn.2372-6601.jhor-19-3094.","Zaichick V. Using prostatic fluid levels of rubidium and zinc concentration multiplication in non-invasive and highly accurate screening for prostate cancer. J Cancer Prev Curr Res. 2019;10(6):151-8.","Zaichick V, Zaichick S. Using prostatic fluid levels of zinc to strontium concentration ratio in non-invasive and highly accurate screening for prostate cancer. Acta Scientific Cancer Biology. 2020;4(1):12-21.","Zaichick V. Using prostatic fluid levels of some trace elements and their combinations in non-Invasive and highly accurate screening for prostate cancer. Journal of Cancer Therapy. 2020;11:1-17. doi: 10.4236/jct.2020.111001.","Zaichick V, Zaichick S. Using prostatic fluid levels of zinc concentration in non-invasive and highly accurate screening for prostate cancer. MicroMedicine 2020;8(1):1-11. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3606848.","Traa MJ, Vries J de, Roukema JA, Oudsten BL. Sexual (dys)function and the quality of sexual life in patients with colorectal cancer: A systematic review. Ann Oncol. 2012;23(1):19-27. doi: doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdr133.","Træen B, Olsen S. Sexual dysfunction and sexual well-being in people with heart disease. Sex Relatsh Ther. 2007;22(2):193-208. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14681990600637648.","Zaichick V, Zaichick S. A systematic review of the zinc concentrations in the prostate fluid of normal gland. Acta Scientific Medical Sciences. 2020;4(1):82-9."]}

Published
2020

3. Chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a non-prostatocentric perspective.

Author

Potts, Jeannette M.

Subjects
*PELVIC pain, *CHRONIC pain, *PELVIC diseases, *MALE reproductive organ diseases, *ETIOLOGY of diseases, *MYOFASCIAL pain syndromes, *GERIATRIC urology, PROSTATE disease diagnosis
Abstract

Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a common urological diagnosis affecting young and middle aged men. Symptoms of genital or pelvic pain associated with voiding or sexual dysfunction were historically attributed to an inflamed prostate gland. A review of urological and non-urological literature pertaining to CPPS was conducted in order to devise a plausible alternative description of this syndrome. Due to publisher's criteria, only select articles are included and cited for this purpose. Evidence of a bacterial etiology is non-existent, while evidence of prostatic inflammation is conflicting and non-specific. More plausible causes of prostatitis-like symptoms include musculoskeletal pain, pelvic floor muscular dysfunction, myofascial pain syndromes or functional somatic syndromes. Thorough evaluation and appropriate therapy for patients has been seriously hindered by decades of a prostatocentric approach to CP/CPPS. The following article introduces an alternative perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003
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4. Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Zn/Fe Ratiometric Determination of Zinc Levels in Expressed Prostatic Fluid: A Direct, Non-Invasive and Highly Accurate Screening for Prostate Cancer.

Author

Costello LC and Franklin RB

Abstract

Prostate specific antigen (PSA) does not provide the reliability that is required for the accurate urology screening of prostate cancer (PCa). Consequently, there has been a major focus and search for a simple, rapid, direct, preferably non-invasive, and highly accurate biomarker and procedure for the urology screening for prostate cancer. Virtually all PCa cases exhibit a marked decrease in zinc in prostate tissue and in prostatic fluid. This is a hallmark "signature" clinical characteristic for all prostate cancers, which provides the clinical basis for zinc screening of PCa. Energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) of zinc levels in expressed prostatic fluid (EPF) provides > 90% accuracy for the identification of prostate cancer vs normal/benign prostate. An energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) Zn/Fe ratiometric analysis of expressed prostatic fluid (EPF) can provide > 90% accuracy for the identification of prostate cancer vs normal/benign prostate. This will be achieved by direct EDXRF analysis of a "drop" of EPF directly deposited on a filter paper disc during the urology digital rectal examination of the subject. Interfering and confounding conditions that besiege PSA do not exist in the EDXRF Zn/Fe radiometric analyses. This report reviews the basis for zinc analysis for PCA, provides the supporting evidence that EDXRF Zn/Fe ratiometric analysis of EPF will provide a simple, rapid, direct, non-invasive, and highly accurate biomarker and procedure for the urology screening for prostate cancer.

Published
2018

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