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3 results on '"Eva Zilber"'

1. Levels of Human Immunodeficiency Virus DNA Are Determined Before ART Initiation and Linked to CD8 T-Cell Activation and Memory Expansion

Author

Helen Brown, Jacob Hurst, John Frater, Julianne Lwanga, John Thornhill, J Meyerowitz, Eva Zilber, Freya M Shearer, Genevieve E. Martin, E Hopkins, Nneka Nwokolo, Nicola Robinson, M Pace, Christian B. Willberg, Natalia Olejniczak, J Fox, Sarah Fidler, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust- BRC Funding, and Medical Research Council (MRC)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, BLOOD, HIV-POSITIVE PATIENTS, Art initiation, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, medicine.disease_cause, Antibodies, Viral, Lymphocyte Activation, Primary HIV infection, ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, Immunology and Allergy, Cytotoxic T cell, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Effector, Viral Load, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, AcademicSubjects/MED00290, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Human Immunodeficiency Virus DNA, HIV/AIDS, Female, Antibody, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, EXPRESSION, Adult, Immunology, 030106 microbiology, T cells, PROVIRUSES, Biology, Microbiology, HIV reservoir, 03 medical and health sciences, Major Articles and Brief Reports, primary HIV infection, medicine, Humans, AcademicSubjects/MED00860, Science & Technology, PERSISTENCE, HIV, 06 Biological Sciences, IMMUNE ACTIVATION, 030104 developmental biology, DNA, Viral, biology.protein, RESERVOIR, CD4(+), CD8
Abstract

Initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in early compared with chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with a smaller HIV reservoir. This longitudinal analysis of 60 individuals who began ART during primary HIV infection (PHI) investigates which pre- and posttherapy factors best predict HIV DNA levels (a correlate of reservoir size) after treatment initiation during PHI. The best predictor of HIV DNA at 1 year was pre-ART HIV DNA, which was in turn significantly associated with CD8 memory T-cell differentiation (effector memory, naive, and T-bet−Eomes− subsets), CD8 T-cell activation (CD38 expression) and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (Tim-3) expression on memory T cells. No associations were found for any immunological variables after 1 year of ART. Levels of HIV DNA are determined around the time of ART initiation in individuals treated during PHI. CD8 T-cell activation and memory expansion are linked to HIV DNA levels, suggesting the importance of the initial host-viral interplay in eventual reservoir size., Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) DNA persists within the viral reservoir despite therapy. A longitudinal analysis of 60 individuals treated during early HIV infection showed that HIV DNA levels are “set” early in infection and predicted by an activated immune response.

Published
2019

2. HIV reservoir size is determined prior to ART initiation and linked to CD8 T cell activation and memory expansion

Author

Nneka Nwokolo, John Thornhill, Helen Brown, M Pace, Eva Zilber, Genevieve E. Martin, Jacob Hurst, J Meyerowitz, Freya M Shearer, Natalia Olejniczak, Nicola Robinson, E Hopkins, Sarah Fidler, J Fox, John Frater, Julianne Lwanga, and Christian B. Willberg

Subjects
0303 health sciences, Effector, Art initiation, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Antiretroviral therapy, Primary HIV infection, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, Cd38 expression, 0302 clinical medicine, Immunology, medicine, Cytotoxic T cell, 030212 general & internal medicine, CD8, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

Initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in early compared with chronic HIV infection is associated with a smaller HIV reservoir. This longitudinal analysis of 63 individuals who commenced ART during primary HIV infection (PHI) investigates which pre-and post-therapy factors associate most closely with reservoir size (HIV DNA) following treatment initiation during PHI. The best predictor of reservoir size at one-year was pre-ART HIV DNA which was in turn significantly associated with CD8 memory differentiation (effector memory, naïve and T-betnegEomesnegsubsets), CD8 T cell activation (CD38 expression) and PD-1 and Tim-3 expression on memory CD4 T cells. No associations were found for any immunological variables following one-year of ART. HIV reservoir size is determined around the time of ART initiation in individuals treated during PHI. CD8 T cell activation and memory expansion are linked to HIV reservoir size, suggesting the importance of the initial host-viral interplay in eventual reservoir size.

Published
2019
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3. Soluble plasma programmed death 1 (PD-1) and Tim-3 in primary HIV infection.

Author

Zilber E, Martin GE, Willberg CB, Fox J, Nwokolo N, Fidler S, and Frater J

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Biomarkers blood, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, HIV Infections blood, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes metabolism, HIV Infections diagnosis, Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2 blood, Plasma chemistry, Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor blood
Abstract

: Soluble forms of the coinhibitory receptors programmed death 1 (PD-1) and Tim-3 exist, but their relationship with T-cell surface expression remains unclear. When measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in plasma, soluble PD-1, and soluble Tim-3 were elevated during primary HIV infection, decreased on antiretroviral therapy to levels found in controls, and correlated with cell surface expression. We conclude that soluble PD-1 and soluble Tim-3 are easy to measure biomarkers of immune exhaustion which potentially eliminate the need for flow cytometry.

Published
2019
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