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Objective In 2014, an escalation plan and morning handover meetings were implemented in an intensive care unit (ICU) to reduce access block for post-operative care. In this study, the improvement intervention is revisited 5 years on with the objective to see if the changes are sustained and to understand factors contributing to sustainability.Design A mixed-method approach was used, with quantitative analysis of ICU administrative data and qualitative analysis of interviews with hospital management and ICU staff.Setting ICU with mixed surgical and non-surgical cases in a regional hospital in Australia.Participants Interview participants: ICU nurses (four), ICU doctors (four) and hospital management (four).Main outcome measures Monthly number of elective surgeries were cancelled due to unavailability of ICU beds. Staff perceptions of the interventions and factors contributed to sustainability.Results After a decline in elective surgeries being cancelled in the first year after the intervention, there was an increase in cancellations in the following years (χ2=16.38, p=0.003). Lack of knowledge about the intervention and competitive interests in the management of patient flow were believed to be obstacles for sustained effects of the original intervention. So were communication deficiencies that were reported within the ICU and between ICU and other departments. There are discrepancies between how nurses and doctors use the escalation plan and regard the availability of ICU beds.Conclusion Improvement interventions in healthcare that appear initially to be successful are not necessarily sustained over time, as was the case in this study. In healthcare, there is no such thing as a ‘fix and forget’ solution for interventions. Management commitment to support communication within and between microsystems, and to support healthcare staff understanding of the underlying reasons for intervention, are important implications for change and change management across healthcare systems.

One of the stages in the wet processing of coffee that can affect its flavor is fermentation. Fermentation is the process of removing the mucilage layer that still adheres to the coffee beans, which results in a distinctive coffee aroma and reduces caffeine content, especially in robusta coffee. After the fermentation process, packaging and storage are carried out. Storage is the stage where raw coffee beans are kept to maintain their quality until the next process. This study aims to determine the effect of fermentation duration on panelists' preference levels and the impact of storage duration on the physical quality characteristics of robusta coffee. This research employs both quantitative and qualitative descriptive methods. The results show that storage duration does not affect the physical quality characteristics of robusta coffee beans. The moisture content parameter after storage was found to be 12.2%, the density parameter averaged 0.691 gr/ml, and the defect value parameter fell into grade 3. The study also shows that different fermentation durations do not significantly affect the panelists' preference levels, with an average score of 3-4,1.

This article uses a subsample of low-income American Voices Project respondents who rent their homes to examine how households coped with housing insecurity at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. First, some renters reported more housing stability because of the expansion of existing programs. However, access to and distribution of these resources was uneven. Second, renters continued to rely on social ties to secure housing but the interpersonal and financial issues that often arise with such arrangements remained during the pandemic. Third, the pandemic provided some renters with reason to request and receive flexibility in payment plans on existing leases, though landlord largess was far from universal. Our findings reveal the limitations of temporary policy responses that are administered in uneven ways, require eligible individuals to seek out and enroll in novel benefit programs, and do not intervene directly in markets to increase supply or control prices.

Abstract Background Due to increasing older populations worldwide, injuries, disabilities and deaths caused by falls among the elderly represent a growing human and societal problem. We aimed to improve health among men of at least 70 years of age with low‐normal to low testosterone and mobility problems by using testosterone undecanoate (TU) injections, progressive strength training, and oral supplements of vitamin D, calcium and protein. Methods This was a single‐centre, randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind trial with 148 older men with a median age of 77 (73–81) years, testosterone levels at median 8 (5–9) nmol/L (full range from 1.1 to 12.9 nmol/L) and mobility problems, recruited at University Hospital of Copenhagen, Herlev Hospital, Denmark. Participants were randomized into four arms for 20 weeks: (1) TU therapy (n = 37); (2) progressive resistance training with supplements of calcium, vitamin D and protein (n = 36); (3) both interventions combined (n = 36); or (4) no intervention (n = 39). The main outcome measure was the 30‐s chair stand test, due to test performance correlating with the risk of serious fall injuries and lower extremity muscle strength. Outcome measurements were performed at baseline and after 20 weeks. Results After the intervention, the combination group receiving progressive resistance training, TU and supplements achieved a median score of 13 (11–15) compared to the control group at 10 (0–14) in the 30‐s chair stand test (P = 0.003). This median improvement of 3.0 was clinically important. Compared to the control group, participants in the combination group also increased quality of life (P

Media massa berperan penting membentuk narasi dan memengaruhi pandangan publik mengenai isu-isu kontroversial, sebagaimana dipaparkan dalam film dokumenter "Ice Cold: Murder, Coffee and Jessica Wongso". Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan antara narasi teks, dinamika praktik diskursif, serta praktik sosio-kultural, menggunakan kerangka kerja Analisis Wacana Kritis Norman Fairclough. Metodologi deskriptif kualitatif digunakan untuk mendiskusikan dimensi-dimensi teks, praktik diskursif, serta praktik sosiokultural. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui dokumentasi film, observasi wacana, metode simak bebas libat cakap serta teknik catat. Analisis data meliputi transkripsi, pembacaan intensif, dan telaah struktur mikro, meso, serta makro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan representasi negatif terhadap Jessica Wongso melalui pemilihan kosakata, tata bahasa, dan struktur kalimat yang cenderung berkonotasi negatif. Pada tataran praktik diskursif, interaksi kompleks antara partisipan media dan khalayak, memicu reaksi emosional serta memengaruhi persepsi publik. Dalam konteks praktik sosial budaya, film dokumenter tersebut merefleksikan norma masyarakat Indonesia serta mendorong diskusi tentang keadilan dan peran media dalam membentuk realitas sosial.

The transportation sector is a significant contributor to CO2 emissions, necessitating the adoption of alternative drive technologies to achieve decarbonization. This study investigates public perceptions of fossil fuels, e-fuels, and electric drives, with the aim of identifying factors influencing risk perceptions, perceived efficacy in combating climate change, and readiness to use or purchase cars with these technologies. Therefore, a quantitative study using a questionnaire (N = 141) was conducted. The results indicate that e-fuels and electric drives are perceived more positively than fossil fuels. E-fuels were found to have the lowest risk perceptions. Differences in cognitive and affective risk perceptions, as well as in financial, environmental, and health-related risks, were observed across drive types. Car affinity was found to correlate positively with risk perceptions of e-fuels and fossil fuels, but negatively with electric drives. The risk perception of global warming showed an inverse relationship. Regarding the prediction of readiness, differences were found between e-fuels and electric drives in terms of the influencing factors on readiness. The study contributes to the understanding of public perceptions by providing a comparison between different drive technologies and offers valuable insights for developing targeted communication strategies.

Objective To improve health conditions among hypogonadal men ≥70 years of age using testosterone undecanoate (TU) injections, progressive strength training, and oral supplements of vitamin D, calcium, and protein.Methods This study is a 1-year follow-up of a double-blind RCT lasting 20 weeks, including 148 older men ≥70 years old with low testosterone levels and mobility problems. During 52 weeks, 4 groups received either testosterone therapy (TU) or progressive resistance training (Training), both (Combo), or no intervention (Controls). Physiotherapists supported the training groups until week 20, while these participants continued trained on their own during weeks 21 to 52. The main outcome measure was the 30-s chair stand test.Results The following numbers of participants completed the trial: 20 (Combo), 20 (Controls), 24 (TU), and 14 (Training). When examining 30-s chair stand test performance within each group at baseline, and at weeks 4, 20 and 52, only the Combo group improved (p = 0.001, Friedman Test). Compared to controls, only the Combo group experienced reduced fatigue and tiredness (p

The research aims to explain and describe modeling techniques, polite behavior, and the impact of modeling techniques on students' helping and polite behavior at Raudhatul Athfal Nurul Hidayah Pemakasan. The research method is qualitative through a case study approach. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. Data processing techniques involve condensation, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Data validity techniques include credibility. Research findings: (1) Modeling techniques: Attention Stage with student conditioning, attracting students' attention through singing and guessing games, and demonstrating helpful and polite behavior. Retention Stage involves recalling demonstrations and applying behavior. The reproduction Stage involves repeating behavior and giving tasks. The motivation Stage involves giving rewards and punishments. (2) Polite and courteous behavior: students helping each other in small matters, such as completing tasks or providing pencils, also being polite to teachers. (3) Impact: Students start helping each other in small matters, such as completing tasks providing pencils, and being polite to teachers.

Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can cause feared consequences, such as affecting microcirculatory activity. The combined use of HRV analysis, genetic algorithms, and machine learning classifiers can be helpful in better understanding the characteristics of microcirculation that are mainly affected by COVID-19 infection. Methods: This study aimed to verify the presence of microcirculation alterations in patients with COVID-19 infection, performing Heart Rate Variability (HRV) parameters analysis extracted from PhotoPlethysmoGraphy (PPG) signals. The dataset included 97 subjects divided into two groups: healthy (50 subjects) and patients affected by mild-severity COVID-19 (47 subjects). A total of 26 parameters were extracted by the HRV analysis and were investigated using genetic algorithms with three different subject selection methods and five different machine learning classifiers. Results: Three parameters: meanRR, alpha1, and sd2/sd1 were considered significant, combining the results obtained by the genetic algorithm. Finally, machine learning classifications were performed by training classifiers with only those three features. The best result was achieved by the binary Decision Tree classifier, achieving accuracy of 82%, specificity (or precision) of 86%, and sensitivity of 79%. Conclusions: The study’s results highlight the ability to use HRV parameters extraction from PPG signals, combined with genetic algorithms and machine learning classifiers, to determine which features are most helpful in discriminating between healthy and mild-severity COVID-19-affected subjects.

Augmented and mixed reality in the medical field is becoming increasingly important. The creation and visualization of digital models similar to reality could be a great help to increase the user experience during augmented or mixed reality activities like surgical planning and educational, training and testing phases of medical students. This study introduces a technique for enhancing a 3D digital model reconstructed from cone-beam computed tomography images with its real coloured texture using an Intel D435 RGBD camera. This method is based on iteratively projecting the two models onto a 2D plane, identifying their contours and then minimizing the distance between them. Finally, the coloured digital models were displayed in mixed reality through a Microsoft HoloLens 2 and an application to interact with them using hand gestures was developed. The registration error between the two 3D models evaluated using 30,000 random points indicates values of: 1.1 ± 1.3 mm on the x-axis, 0.7 ± 0.8 mm on the y-axis, and 0.9 ± 1.2 mm on the z-axis. This result was achieved in three iterations, starting from an average registration error on the three axes of 1.4 mm to reach 0.9 mm. The heatmap created to visualize the spatial distribution of the error shows how it is uniformly distributed over the surface of the pointcloud obtained with the RGBD camera, except for some areas of the nose and ears where the registration error tends to increase. The obtained results indicate that the proposed methodology seems effective. In addition, since the used RGBD camera is inexpensive, future approaches based on the simultaneous use of multiple cameras could further improve the results. Finally, the augmented reality visualization of the obtained result is innovative and could provide support in all those cases where the visualization of three-dimensional medical models is necessary.

Technological advancements in the workplace can produce contradictory effects on employees' well-being and behaviour. This cross-sectional study aims to validate the psychometric properties of the Slovak adaptation of the Technostress Creators Inventory (TCI). We provided the evidence of the satisfactory validity of the TCI in the Slovak employed respondents (N = 692, 49.3% female) based on its internal structure, and its relations to other variables. The study results indicated an acceptable model fit with the data for the five-factor structure of the scale with a high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.91). Measurement invariance across gender groups was confirmed. The convergent validity was supported by positive relationships with burnout and negative relationships with work engagement. Respondents with higher level of self-efficacy reported lower level of techno-stressors. Neuroticism exhibited positive relations with techno-overload, techno-invasion, techno-complexity, and techno-insecurity. The results of the study support the theoretical conceptualization of technostress within a multidimensional construct; contribute to the expansion of the theoretical framework of stress based on the similarity between technostress constructs and constructs describing other forms of work; suggest that the Slovak version of TCI can be used for the diagnosis and reduction of sources of technostress at work.

This case study sought to determine the effectiveness of Flipgrid in enhancing the speaking abilities of 20 secondary school teachers representing a variety of subject disciplines. After recording three video monologues and writing reflective journals about their practice experience, all participants responded to questionnaire and interview to express how Flipgrid affected their motivation and self-confidence in speaking English along with their perception of the platform. The interview data was analyzed using Nvivo software by utilizing In Vivo coding. Then, the analysis result was triangulated with the questionnaire. It was concluded that Flipgrid was suitable for participants with English basic proficiency. It also assisted those with intermediate and advanced levels to practice speaking English independently. All participants were motivated due to the excitement, enjoyment, challenge, and self-assurance to speak more effectively. It affected their confidence because their pronunciation, vocabulary, fluency, and grammar improved. Despite minor obstacles in operating Flipgrid, it was considered effective due to its accessibility, helpfulness, and friendliness. This research revealed that using Flipgrid and combining it with face-to-face learning would be a good way to practice speaking English and in future studies, the efficacy of these two strategies would be worth investigated.

Plants’ response to single environmental changes can be highly distinct from the response to multiple changes. The effects of a single environmental factor on wheat growth have been well documented. However, the interactive influences of multiple factors on different wheat genotypes need further investigation. Here, treatments of three important growth factors, namely water regime, temperature, and CO2 concentration ([CO2]), were applied to compare the response of two wheat genotypes with different heat sensitivities. The temperature response curves showed that both genotypes showed more variations at elevated [CO2] (e[CO2]) than ambient [CO2] (a[CO2]) when the plants were treated under different water regimes and temperatures. This corresponded to the results of water use efficiency at the leaf level. At e[CO2], heat-tolerant ‘Gladius’ showed a higher net photosynthetic rate (Pn), while heat-susceptible ‘Paragon’ had a lower Pn at reduced water, as compared with full water availability. The temperature optimum for photosynthesis in wheat was increased when the growth temperature was high, while the leaf carbon/nitrogen was increased via a reduced water regime. Generally, water regime, temperature and [CO2] have significant interactive effects on both wheat genotypes. Two wheat genotypes showed different physiological responses to different combinations of environmental factors. Our investigation concerning the interactions of multi-environmental factors on wheat will benefit the future wheat climate-response study.

In this study, the authors draw on a unique dataset of eviction filings in Washington, D.C., over a six-year period, merged with building ownership data from the District of Columbia Office of Tax and Revenue, to better understand patterns of serial filing, a practice whereby landlords file for eviction on a single household in a single unit multiple times. The authors create an empirical typology of serial filing chains to categorize the patterns observed in the dataset. They then test a series of hypotheses about the relationship between landlord portfolio size and serial filings. Households that are filed against in buildings owned by larger landlords are substantially more likely to experience serial eviction filing, and longer serial filing chains, relative to households living in buildings owned by smaller landlords. These results offer the first empirical evidence documenting multiple patterns of serial eviction filing and underscore how landlord filing strategies differ by portfolio size.

With global climate change, the frequency and intensity of waterlogging events are increasing due to frequent and heavy precipitation. Little is known however about the response of plants to repeated waterlogging stress events. The aim is to clarify physiological regulation mechanisms of tomato plants under repeated waterlogging stress, and whether Trichoderma harzianum can alleviate waterlogging injury. We identified two genotypes of tomato, ‘MIX-002’ and ‘LA4440’, as waterlogging tolerant and sensitive genotypes, respectively, based on plant biomass accumulation. The two tomato genotypes were subjected to a waterlogging priming treatment for 2 days (excess water for 1 cm above substrate surface) followed by a recovery stage for 2 days, and then a second waterlogging stress for 5 days (excess water for 1 cm above substrate surface) followed by a second recovery stage for 3 days. Leaf physiological, plant growth parameters, and the expression of five key genes were investigated. We found that the two genotypes responded differently to waterlogging priming and stress in terms of photosynthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and osmotic regulatory mechanisms. Waterlogging stress significantly increased H2O2 content of ‘MIX-002’, while that of ‘LA4440’ had no significant change. Under waterlogging stress, photosynthesis of the two genotypes treated with waterlogging priming returned to the control level. However, Trichoderma harzianum treatment during the second recovery stage did not show positive mitigative effects. The plants of ‘LA4440’ with priming showed lower peroxidase (POD) activity and proline content but higher H2O2 content than that without priming under waterlogging stress. Under waterlogging stress with priming as compared to without priming, SODCC2 was downregulated in two tomatoes, and AGR2 and X92888 were upregulated in ‘MIX-002’ but downregulated in ‘LA4440’. Overall, the two tomato genotypes exhibited distinct photosynthetic, ROS and osmotic regulatory mechanisms responding to the waterlogging stress. Waterlogging priming can induce stress memory by adjusting stomatal conductance, sustaining ROS homeostasis, regulating osmotic regulatory substances and key gene expressions mediated by H2O2, and thus alleviate the damage on tomato photosynthesis when waterlogging reoccurred.

Abstract COVID-19 is known to be a cause of microvascular disease imputable to, for instance, the cytokine storm inflammatory response and the consequent blood coagulation. In this study, we propose a methodological approach for assessing the COVID-19 presence and severity based on Random Forest (RF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers. Classifiers were applied to Heart Rate Variability (HRV) parameters extracted from photoplethysmographic (PPG) signals collected from healthy and COVID-19 affected subjects. The supervised classifiers were trained and tested on HRV parameters obtained from the PPG signals in a cohort of 50 healthy subjects and 93 COVID-19 affected subjects, divided into two groups, mild and moderate, based on the support of oxygen therapy and/or ventilation. The most informative feature set for every group’s comparison was determined with the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) technique. Both RF and SVM classifiers showed a high accuracy percentage during groups’ comparisons. In particular, the RF classifier reached 94% of accuracy during the comparison between the healthy and minor severity COVID-19 group. Obtained results showed a strong capability of RF and SVM to discriminate between healthy subjects and COVID-19 patients and to differentiate the two different COVID-19 severity. The proposed method might be helpful for detecting, in a low-cost and fast fashion, the presence and severity of COVID-19 disease; moreover, these reasons make this method interesting as a starting point for future studies that aim to investigate its effectiveness as a possible screening method.

Jamur merupakan salah satu sayuran yang sangat diminati pasar karena mengandung gizi yang tinggi terutama protein, ramah lingkungan, mudah dibudidayakan dengan waktu panen yang cepat dan bernilai ekonomi yang tinggi. UKM Jamur Sehat COF merupakan salah satu pelaku agribisnis jamur di Kecamatan Patrang, Kabupaten Jember yang perlu dikembangkan dalam menghadapi beberapa permasalahan pada aspek produksi, pengolahan dan pemasaran. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan UKM Jamur Sehat COF melalui program-program yang difokuskan pada produksi bibit jamur berkualitas tinggi, penerapan budidaya jamur sesuai SOP yang didukung Teknologi Smart Kumbung dan perbaikan sistem pemasaran yang berkelanjutan. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian ini menunjukkan bahwa UKM Jamur Sehat COF, telah mampu melakukan budidaya jamur sesuai SOP, memproduksi bibit jamur berkualitas melalui kultur in vitro, menerapkan Smart Kumbung berbasiskan IOT, meningkatkan kualitas dan diversifikasi produk olahan serta pemasaran jamur berbasiskan e-commerce.

Background Many biomarkers have been proposed to be predictive of response to anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/anti-programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) checkpoint inhibitors (CPI). However, conflicting observations and lack of consensus call for an assessment of their clinical utility in a large data set. Using a combined data set of clinical trials and real-world data, we assessed the predictive and prognostic utility of biomarkers for clinical outcome of CPI in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods Retrospective cohort study using 24,152 patients selected from 71,850 patients with advanced NSCLC from electronic health records and 9 Roche atezolizumab trials. Patients were stratified into high and low biomarker groups. Correlation with treatment outcome in the different biomarker groups was investigated and compared between patients treated with CPI versus chemotherapy. Durable response was defined as having complete response/partial response without progression during the study period of 270 days.Results Standard blood analytes (eg, albumin and lymphocyte) were just prognostic, having correlation with clinical outcome irrespective of treatment type. High expression of PD-L1 on tumors (≥50% tumor cell staining) were specifically associated with response to CPI (OR 0.20; 95% CI 0.13 to 0.30; p

Giardia duodenalis is one of the most common intestinal parasites of humans, with a worldwide distribution. Giardia duodenalis has been reported in both wild and captive populations of non-human primates, namely chimpanzees. In this study we investigated an entire troop of clinically healthy chimpanzees (n = 21) for the presence of G. duodenalis and its association with faecal microbiota profile. Faecal samples (n = 26) were collected from the chimpanzee exhibit from a zoo in Sydney, Australia. Diagnosis of G. duodenalis was made using a Rapid Antigen Test (RAT) as a point-of-care-test and compared to a reference standard real-time PCR test. Approximately half of the chimpanzee faecal samples tested positive for G. duodenalis by both RAT (13/26, 50%) and real-time PCR (14/26, 53.85%). The RAT sensitivity was 85.7% (95% CI: 63.8%–96%) and specificity was 91.7% (95% CI: 68.3%–99%) when compared to the in-house real-time PCR. Genotyping of the samples revealed the presence of zoonotic assemblage B. Microscopic analysis revealed the presence of Troglodytella spp. (14/26), Balantioides sp. (syn. Balantidium sp.) (8/26) as well as Entamoeba spp. (3/26). Microbiota profile based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the community was significantly different between G. duodenalis positive and negative samples if RAT results were taken into an account, but not real-time PCR diagnostics results. Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi were the significant features in the dataset that separated G. duodenalis positive and negative samples using LEfSe analysis. Being able to rapidly test for G. duodenalis in captive populations of primates assists in point-of-care diagnostics and may better identify animals with subclinical disease. Under the investigated conditions of the zoo setting, however, presence of G. duodenalis either detected by RAT or real-time PCR was not associated with clinically apparent disease in captive chimpanzees.

Makanan merupakan sumber energi untuk menunjang aktivitas manusia. Selain memberikan dampak positif, makanan dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif yaitu penyakit yang disebabkan oleh makanan (food borne disease). Kota Surabaya dan Kabupaten Sidoarjo merupakan kota/kabupaten di Jawa Timur yang memiliki wilayah pesisir dan industri yang cukup banyak. Kontribusi limbah industri lebih besar mencemari lingkungan dengan logam berat. Logam berat yang terakumulasi dalam tubuh jika melebihi batas maksimum dapat menyebabkan terganggunya fungsi jaringan, organ, kerusakan otak sampai kematian. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar logam berat arsen, timbal, dan merkuri serta batas aman kandungan yang dapat dikonsumsi manusia. Metode penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan menganalisis hasil uji cemaran logam berat pada makanan. Sampel makanan terdiri dari 16 sampel untuk tiap uji cemaran logam berat arsen, timbal, dan merkuri. Hasil dari penelitian ini tidak ada makanan yang mengandung logam berat arsen. Makanan yang mengandung timbal adalah terasi dengan kadar timbal sebanyak 0,005-0,01 ppm. Makanan yang mengandung merkuri adalah kerang dan keong sawah dengan kadar merkuri sebanyak 0,005 ppm. Hasil pengujian makanan yang mengandung cemaran logam berat dapat berasal dari bahan baku, habitat, dan adanya pembuangan limbah industri di daerah aliran sungai. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah semua sampel makanan negatif mengandung arsen namun positif mengandung timbal dan merkuri di bawah batas aman kandungan logam berat, sehingga masih aman untuk dikonsumsi manusia. Saran yang dapat diberikan adalah pemerintah perlu melakukan kajian lebih lanjut terhadap makanan yang mengandung logam berat. Selain itu, pengawasan peredaran makanan perlu partisipasi aktif masyarakat untuk dapat meminimalkan terjadinya terjadinya pencemaran logam berat pada makanan.

Community empowerment is a very important service activity and must be carried out in an effort to free the community from various adversity, backwardness and backwardness. One of the villages that is considered necessary for community empowerment activities to be carried out is the village of Tamberu Alet Batustar, Batumarmar, Pamekasan. The community empowerment activities in the village are carried out with an interdisciplinary and cross-sectoral approach, namely through service programs. This service is carried out in two fields, namely economics and education. In the field of student education, it has been carried out successfully by holding an educational program for the mindset of kindergarten parents through teaching, mentoring and in the field of economics making products.

Internally displaced persons (IDPs), refugees, returnees and host communities in conflict settings experience high rates of mental health problems associated with prolonged and repeated exposure to multiple exposure to distress, as is the case in Iraq. We sought to highlight the outcomes and complementarity of Problem Management Plus (PM+) and Doing What Matters in Times of Stress (DWM) in addressing the mental health and psychosocial support needs of IDPs, returnees and host community teens and adults in Zummar, Iraq. A total of 290 adults were included in the PM+ intervention, while DWM included 648 adults and 282 teens. DWM was delivered to adults with accessibility barriers to receiving PM+ and to all teens in the study due to security reasons and COVID-19 restrictions. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) were used to measure psychological distress and functioning in adults, respectively. The Revised Children Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) was also used to measure symptoms of depression and anxiety in teens pre and postintervention. Personally identified problems were measured using the Psychological Outcome Profiles (PSYCHLOPS) for adults and teens. Psychological and emotional challenges were the main problem faced by both teens and adults at baseline. For PM+ and DWM interventions in adults, the mean difference in PSYCHLOPS, WHODAS and PHQ-9 scores between preintervention and postintervention assessment were significant (P < 0.001). For DWM teens, the paired mean difference for pre and postintervention RCADS and PSYCHLOPS teens was 55.9 (SD = 8.0) and 4.8 (SD = 2.40), respectively (P < 0.001, Cohen’s d > 2). There was a significant reduction in the number of days off work and increased ability to carry out usual activities after both interventions. The study findings highlight the applicability of PM+ and DWM in conflict settings of Iraq when there are barriers to applying one.

The application of understanding short hadiths in shaping the prosocial behavior of children at RA-B Al-Mardiyah needs to be developed in accordance with the behavior exemplified by the Prophet. . So the researchers took the initiative to conduct research at the institution with the aim of knowing the application of understanding short hadiths in shaping children's prosocial behavior and to find out the forms of children's prosocial behavior in RA-B Al- Mardiyah. The approach used in this research is qualitative with the type of case study research. While the data collection using observation, interviews, and documentation. The analysis used is data reduction techniques, data presentation, and conclusions. The results of the study indicate that (1) the method used by teachers at RA-B Al- Mardiyah through the 6M method, namely, reciting words, repeating readings, alternating reading between teachers and students, reciting together, moving both hands and sing with joy. (2) Forms of children's prosocial behavior include helping behavior, sharing, working together, donating, being honest, generous and prioritizing the rights and welfare of others.

The expression of heat shock proteins is considered a central adaptive mechanism to heat stress. This study investigated the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and other stress-protective proteins against heat stress in cowpea genotypes under field (IT-96D-610 and IT-16) and controlled (IT-96D-610) conditions. Heat stress response analysis of proteins at 72 h in the controlled environment showed 270 differentially regulated proteins identified using label-free quantitative proteomics in IT-96D-610 plants. These plants expressed HSPs and chaperones [BAG family molecular chaperone 6 (BAG6), Multiprotein bridging factor1c (MBF1C) and cold shock domain protein 1 (CSDP1) in the controlled environment]. However, IT-96D-610 plants expressed a wider variety of small HSPs and more HSPs in the field. IT-96D-610 plants also responded to heat stress by exclusively expressing chaperones [DnaJ chaperones, universal stress protein and heat shock binding protein (HSBP)] and non-HSP proteins (Deg1, EGY3, ROS protective proteins, temperature-induced lipocalin and succinic dehydrogenase). Photosynthesis recovery and induction of proteins related to photosynthesis were better in IT-96D-610 because of the concurrent induction of heat stress response proteins for chaperone functions, protein degradation for repair and ROS scavenging proteins and PSII operating efficiency (Fq’/Fm′) than IT-16. This study contributes to identification of thermotolerance mechanisms in cowpea that can be useful in knowledge-based crop improvement.

Motivated by earlier research highlighting Swedish teachers’ beliefs that the setting of homework compromises deep-seated principles of educational equity, this paper presents an exploratory study of Swedish parents’ perspectives on homework in their year-one children’s learning. Twenty-five parents, drawn from three demographically different schools in the Stockholm region, participated in semi-structured interviews. The interviews, broadly focused on how parents support their children’s learning and including questions about homework in general and mathematics homework in particular, were transcribed and data subjected to a constant comparison analytical process. This yielded four broad themes, highlighting considerable variation in how parents perceive the relationship between homework and educational equity. First, all parents spoke appreciatively of their children receiving reading homework and, in so doing, indicated a collective construal that reading homework is neither homework nor a threat to equity. Second, four parents, despite their enthusiasm for reading homework, opposed the setting of any homework due to its potential compromise of family life. Third, seven parents indicated that they would appreciate mathematics homework where it were not a threat to equity. Finally, fourteen parents, despite acknowledging homework’s potential compromise to equity, were unequivocally in favour of mathematics homework being set to their children.

Introduction: Early mobilization is a technique that can facilitate the performance of self-care, promoting gains in muscle strength and an increase in the degree of independence, consequently reducing the length of hospital stay as well as the costs inherent to it. Objectives: To identify, through a systematic literature review study, the benefits of early mobilization in intensive care patients. Methodology: A systematic literature review was carried out based on the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. The research was carried out in the MedLine®, CINAHL®, PubMed ® databases considering as inclusion criteria studies published in the last 10 years. JBI instruments were used to methodologically evaluate the studies. Results: Five studies were included, out of a total of 160 identified articles. Prolonged inactivity leads to numerous complications, namely cognitive, functional and emotional, which through early mobilization can be minimized and / or avoided. Conclusion: Through the analysis of the articles, we found that early mobilization reduces the length of hospital stay and avoids complications and allows health gains. Yet, some barriers were identified, such as the workload of nurses, the lack of clarity regarding the responsibility for mobilization, the risks of injury to the team, the patient's motivation and the participation of the family that weakens early mobilization

Heat and drought events often occur concurrently as a consequence of climate change and have a severe impact on crop growth and yield. Besides, the accumulative increase in the atmospheric CO2 level is expected to be doubled by the end of this century. It is essential to understand the consequences of climate change combined with the CO2 levels on relevant crops such as wheat. This study evaluated the physiology and metabolite changes and grain yield in heat-sensitive (SF29) and heat-tolerant (LM20) wheat genotypes under individual heat stress or combined with drought applied during anthesis at ambient (aCO2) and elevated CO2 (eCO2) levels. Both genotypes enhanced similarly the WUE under combined stresses at eCO2. However, this increase was due to different stress responses, whereas eCO2 improved the tolerance in heat-sensitive SF29 by enhancing the gas exchange parameters, and the accumulation of compatible solutes included glucose, fructose, β-alanine, and GABA to keep water balance; the heat-tolerant LM20 improved the accumulation of phosphate and sulfate and reduced the lysine metabolism and other metabolites including N-acetylornithine. These changes did not help the plants to improve the final yield under combined stresses at eCO2. Under non-stress conditions, eCO2 improved the yield of both genotypes. However, the response differed among genotypes, most probably as a consequence of the eCO2-induced changes in glucose and fructose at anthesis. Whereas the less-productive genotype LM20 reduced the glucose and fructose and increased the grain dimension as the effect of the eCO2 application, the most productive genotype SF29 increased the two carbohydrate contents and ended with higher weight in the spikes. Altogether, these findings showed that the eCO2 improves the tolerance to combined heat and drought stress but not the yield in spring wheat under stress conditions through different mechanisms. However, under non-stress conditions, it could improve mainly the yield to the less-productive genotypes. Altogether, the results demonstrated that more studies focused on the combination of abiotic stress are needed to understand better the spring wheat responses that help the identification of genotypes more resilient and productive under these conditions for future climate conditions.

Abstract Background Extreme weather events are predicted to increase, such as combined heat and drought. The CO2 concentration ([CO2]) is predicted to approximately double by 2100. We aim to explore how tomato physiology, especially photosynthesis, is affected by combined heat and drought under elevated [CO2] (e [CO2]). Results Two genotypes, ‘OuBei’ (‘OB’, Solanum lycopersicum) and ‘LA2093’ (S. pimpinellifolium) were grown at a [CO2] (atmospheric [CO2], 400 ppm) and e [CO2] (800 ppm), respectively. The 27-days-old seedlings were treated at 1) a [CO2], 2) a [CO2] + combined stress, 3) e [CO2] and 4) e [CO2] + combined stress, followed by recovery. The P N (net photosynthetic rate) increased at e [CO2] as compared with a [CO2] and combined stress inhibited the P N. Combined stress decreased the Fv/Fm (maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II) of ‘OB’ at e [CO2] and that of ‘LA2093’ in regardless of [CO2]. Genotypic difference was observed in the e [CO2] effect on the gas exchange, carbohydrate accumulation, pigment content and dry matter accumulation. Conclusions Short-term combined stress caused reversible damage on tomato while the e [CO2] alleviated the damage on photosynthesis. However, the e [CO2] cannot be always assumed have positive effects on plant growth during stress due to increased water consumption. This study provided insights into the physiological effects of e [CO2] on tomato growth under combined stress and contributed to tomato breeding and management under climate change.

Abstract Background Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) is widely used in the neuroscience field to manipulate gene expression in the nervous system. However, a limitation to the use of rAAV vectors is the time and expense needed to produce them. To overcome this limitation, we evaluated whether unpurified rAAV vectors secreted into the media following scalable PEI transfection of HEK293T cells can be used in lieu of purified rAAV. Methods We packaged rAAV2-EGFP vectors in 30 different wild-type and mutant capsids and subsequently collected the media containing secreted rAAV. Genomic titers of each rAAV vector were assessed and the ability of each unpurified virus to transduce primary mixed neuroglial cultures (PNGCs), organotypic brain slice cultures (BSCs) and the mouse brain was evaluated. Results There was ~ 40-fold wide variance in the average genomic titers of the rAAV2-EGFP vector packaged in the 30 different capsids, ranging from a low ~ 4.7 × 1010 vector genomes (vg)/mL for rAAV2/5-EGFP to a high of ~ 2.0 × 1012 vg/mL for a capsid mutant of rAAV2/8-EGFP. In PNGC studies, we observed a wide range of transduction efficiency among the 30 capsids evaluated, with the rAAV2/6-EGFP vector demonstrating the highest overall transduction efficiency. In BSC studies, we observed robust transduction by wild-type capsid vectors rAAV2/6, 2/8 and 2/9, and by capsid mutants of rAAV2/1, 2/6, and 2/8. In the in vivo somatic brain transgenesis (SBT) studies, we found that intra-cerebroventricular injection of media containing unpurified rAAV2-EGFP vectors packaged with select mutant capsids resulted in abundant EGFP positive neurons and astrocytes in the hippocampus and forebrain of non-transgenic mice. We demonstrate that unpurified rAAV can express transgenes at equivalent levels to lysate-purified rAAV both in vitro and in vivo. We also show that unpurified rAAV is sufficient to drive tau pathology in BSC and neuroinflammation in vivo, recapitulating previous studies using purified rAAV. Conclusions Unpurified rAAV vectors secreted into the media can efficiently transduce brain cells in vitro and in vivo, providing a cost-effective way to manipulate gene expression. The use of unpurified virus will greatly reduce costs of exploratory studies and further increase the utility of rAAV vectors for standard laboratory use.

During tissue regeneration, mesenchymal stem cells can support endothelial cells in the process of new vessel formation. For a functional interaction of endothelial cells with mesenchymal stem cells a vascular inductive microenvironment is required. Using a cellular model for neo-vessel formation, we could show that newly formed vascular structures emanated from the embedded aggregates, consisting of mesenchymal stem cells co-cultured with autologous human umbilical vein endothelial cells, into avascular human platelet lysate-based matrices, bridging distances up to 5 mm to join with adjacent aggregates with the same morphology forming an interconnected network. These newly formed vascular sprouts showed branch points and generated a lumen, as sign of mature vascular development. In two-dimensional culture, we detected binding of mesenchymal stem cells to laser-damaged endothelial cells under flow conditions, mimicking the dynamics in blood vessels. In conclusion, we observed that mesenchymal stem cells can support human umbilical vein endothelial cells in their vitality and functionality. In xeno-free human platelet lysate-based matrices, endothelial cells form complex vascular networks in a primarily avascular scaffold with the aid of mesenchymal stem cells, when co-cultured in three-dimensional spherical aggregates. Under dynamic conditions, representing the flow rate of venous vessel, mesenchymal stem cells preferably bind to damaged endothelial cells presumably assisting in the healing process.