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AbstractGen Z’s interest in ethical consumption, including tourism, is growing in response to pressing global challenges. However, there is limited research on the constraints tied to the ethical travel decisions of this young cohort of travelers. This qualitative study, grounded in the theory of constraints and ethical consumerism literature, addresses this gap. The findings reveal multi-layered and interrelated constraints categorized as intrapersonal (cognitive dissonance, risk aversion, consumption inertia), interpersonal (green stigma, family dynamics, social comparison), and structural (limited accessibility, financial restrictions). This study extends the theory of constraints by showing that these constraints do not act in isolation but interact dynamically, with intrapersonal constraints often triggering interpersonal and structural ones, while certain barriers reinforce others. Unlike previous research that treats these constraints as independent, our findings reveal their sequential and context-dependent nature, offering new insights into how these constraints interrelate in shaping ethical travel decisions and practices. By highlighting the complexity of ethical decision-making—including conflicting principles, ambiguity, and social influences—this study offers a novel, theoretically-grounded perspective on the constraints faced by Gen Z, often labelled the “greenest” generation. Practically, these findings inform targeted interventions and policy initiatives to enable ethical tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preventing unethical behaviour is a concern across cultures and is important for sustaining integrity and stakeholder trust in governance regimes. Encouraging self-regulation of ethical behaviour and accountability of public sector personnel has attracted multidisciplinary attention. A large body of literature has examined the link between public service motivation (PSM) and public personnel's enactments of various ethics-related behaviours. Scholars disagree, however, about whether PSM is significantly associated with ethics-related outcomes. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we conducted a systematic literature review of 59 articles focusing on the PSM-ethics linkage to provide an integrated summary of how PSM affects ethical outcomes. We conclude that the empirical evidence addressing the PSM-ethics linkage is growing, but the mechanisms by which PSM influences ethical behaviour are not yet clear. In this article, we use prosocial organisational behaviour (POB) model to explain how PSM can influence ethical outcomes for public sector employees based upon our systematic literature review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The teacher's task in the independent learning curriculum was to prepare a learning implementation plan, compile material, prepare assessments, ensure changes in student behavior, and carry out evaluations. However, 52% of students visited by researchers received grades below standard. The article was to determine the obstacles and difficulties teachers that have in implementing the Independent Learning Curriculum. The researchers used mixed methods approach. The respondents in this research were 66 teachers. Data collection techniques used surveys with instruments that have been developed. This instrument was assessed on a Likert scale of 1 to 5 points. Data collection used observation, interviews with 10 teachers, and documents related to research indicators. Analysis data technique used SPSS Version 25.0. Then data from observations, interviews and documentation were collected, reduced, coded, diversified and conclusions drawn. As a result, it was found that the learning implementation plan was incomplete, the teacher did not prepare the material himself, and the assessment method was not yet structured. It was also found that teachers lacked mastery of the material. From the survey it was found that 62.87% of teachers' learning implementation plans did not comply with implementation, 68.53% of teachers lacked mastery of the material, there were 72.10%, there were 56.92% changes in behavior and 54.20% did not evaluate learning

The aim of the work is to optimise the training of prison staff in Ukraine according to international standards. The aim was achieved through the use of analysis, comparison, consistency coefficient, coefficient of efficiency, Spearman coefficient. The authors found that orientation to the system of training prison staff in Sweden can be used to transform the Ukrainian training system (0.93). This contributed to the development of learning mechanisms that included a combination of organisational, social, and psychological principles; ensured the relationship between theoretical and practical training. The development of practical skills and digital competence was also taken into account. It was revealed that the respondents achieved professional competence (7.2) and acquired skills in learning theoretical material (6.8) while solving situational problems. Solving real situations primarily affected the development of professional competence (7.3) and psychological skills (7.0). The practical significance of the work is transforming the prison staff training system based on innovative approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This narrative underscores the paramount importance placed by medical schools worldwide on instilling professionalism in their students within the academic, clinical and digital realms. However, it highlights a compelling lacuna in this endeavour, specifically concerning the guidance provided to medical students in managing their professionalism outside of the structured educational and clinical environments. In an age where social media platforms are omnipresent and easily accessible, the article examines the challenges posed when medical students, following gruelling days in clinical settings, opt to vent their frustrations online. Instances of students pursuing health professions facing expulsion due to seemingly innocuous social media posts are brought to the forefront, shedding light on the imperative need for enhanced awareness and guidance in this digital era. The five key points in the teaching of e-professionalism outlined in this article include safeguarding patient confidentiality, preserving professional boundaries, cultivating respectful online behaviour, advocating transparency in conflicts of interest, and striking a balance with the digital dilemma. I believe these points may well serve as a guide for medical schools. This commentary also includes a list of modules that medical schools may incorporate into their curricula when considering e-professionalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we have examined two specific research questions. First, whether firms around the world with negative performance feedback would resort to more environmental, social, governance [ESG] performance or otherwise. Second, we examine whether firms’ ESG controversies and stakeholder orientation in a cross-country context, with distinctive legal system and ethical behaviour, would motivate them to undertake more ESG performance in such negative performance feedback conditions. Our primary findings show that negative performance feedback of a firm impacts its ESG performance in a strongly negative manner. Furthermore, we prove that both high stakeholder orientation and high ESG controversies significant negatively moderate firms’ ESG inclinations. This holds true irrespective of country-specific legal system and ethical behaviour contexts.

The rise of unethical leadership practices suggests a need to emphasise value-based workplaces and leadership, encompassing workplace spirituality and spiritual leadership. Most previous research focusing on ethical behaviour in the work context has been conducted with larger organisations. This study examines the influence of workplace spirituality and spiritual leadership on ethical behaviour within the small business context. A quantitative survey research design was employed. The final sample consisted of 385 employees of small, medium, and micro enterprises (SMMEs) in various industries in a central district of South Africa. Structural equation modelling was utilised during the data analysis process. The study revealed that workplace spirituality and spiritual leadership had a positive and statistically significant influence on ethical behaviour in SMMEs, and workplace spirituality mediates the relationship between spiritual leadership and ethical behaviour. The study extends on existing literature as this relationship has previously not been investigated in the African small business context. Also, the findings hold practical significance for small businesses struggling with unethical behaviours and leadership. The findings of the study imply that a culture of spirituality in the workplace enhances the impact of spiritual leadership in promoting ethical behaviour in the small business environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our present time, ethics in teacher education plays an important role in the teaching and learning process. In the school context, both teachers and learners need to feel safe in order to learn meaningfully and achieve their dreams. As such, creation of the positive and inclusive school environments is important. Building an effective school culture is essential to teachers as well as to the students. Strengthening the teacher-students relationship offers opportunity for both students and teachers to aspire and achieve their great goals. In this way, teachers will teach effectively; learners will learn well in the school that is safe and that which promotes the practice of the ethical standards. For a successful teaching and learning to take place in school contexts, ethics and its standards need to be considered and improved. To achieve that, how the school and classrooms are organized is fundamental, this paper presents evidence from literature on the significance of ethics and its standards that teachers and other education stakeholders in Tanzania can learn in order to promote teacher professionalism and effective academic performance in school organizations in Tanzania. It also discusses the prevailing teachers’ professional misconducts in Tanzanian schools that have affected the learning outcomes. Furthermore, the paper highlights strategies that could be used by school organization to ensure that the school organizations observe and encourage the development of teaching professionalism for the improved learning and organizational outcomes.

Positive consideration of software engineering codes of ethics by computing educators promotes inclusion in the teaching of software development courses. For computing educators, this is significant because they contribute immensely to the development of software engineering graduates, not only in terms of teaching technical skills but also in ethical development. This study aims to investigate the perceived importance of codes of ethics by lecturers who teach software development courses at a University of Technology in South Africa. The data was collected using an online survey from 103 educators from two computing departments in a South African UoT; 44 responses were received. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics to evaluate the responses; the Pearson Chi-square test was applied to assess the level of association between variables of interest for more conclusive results in addressing the objective of the study. The results of this study indicated that the majority of participants were males; female participants amounted only to 18.2 per cent. Results also reported that most participants agreed with all the statements tested to determine the perceived importance of Software Engineering Codes of Ethics to educators. In addition, an association was presented between the importance of a software engineering code of ethics to an educator and three other variables (the need to teach students about ethical behaviour, an obligation for software engineers to consider the ethical implications of their systems and sex of the respondents) respectively. This study recommended that institutions of higher learning consider finding permanent ways of inculcating a culture of ethical conduct into its staff members, encouraging educators to take up professional memberships with professional bodies. These measures will ensure that software development educators are trained to maintain high standards within their profession, embracing the use and adherence to a code of ethics in the teaching of software development courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the contemporary world, there is a growing need for socially responsible and ethical leadership. Therefore, training future business leaders in the field of professional ethics and social responsibility is an important task of modern university education. To solve it, the participation of scientists and university teachers in the creation and implementation of advanced methods for the development of professional ethics of students is necessary. The aim of the study was to check the effectiveness of training future business leaders in professional ethics at university level using a new methodology created by the authors. In order to verify the hypotheses, an experiment was conducted. Additionally, the questionnaires and tests completed by the participants were analysed. The results of learning according to the new methodology, which confirm the expediency of its use for the development of parameters of professional ethics in future business leaders, are presented. The methodology described in the article can be used by university teachers to train future business leaders, as well as by organizational psychologists to conduct trainings with business leaders and personnel of enterprises and institutions.

At a comprehensive open distance e-learning (CODeL) university in South Africa, assessment practices were converted and offered online during and post COVID-19. Innovative proctoring methods were applied to secure the authenticity of online summative assessments. However, the use of such proctoring tools to ensure ethical behaviour of students during summative assessments remains questionable, as these tools are not infallible. A qualitative approach was applied to explore ways in which online proctoring tools can contribute toward ensuring authentic summative assessments. Through the application of collaborative autoethnography, the researchers obtained insight into opportunities and obstacles that may influence the effective use of online proctoring tools to support summative assessment activities. Findings indicate that students would go to great lengths to consult unauthorised material and share answers during summative assessments. Therefore, to enhance perceptions of ethical conduct in higher education, it is recommended that ethical principles are expanded through extended training and guidance with revolutionised proctoring technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present paper is to examine the relationship between the ethical attitudes of university students and their Dark Triad personality traits. Research has suggested that the juvenile attitudes of people predict their later behaviour. Therefore, it is worth exploring this area for future aspects. Both topics are at the center of research, both individually and in terms of the correlations between them. In the present paper, we examined the relationship between ethical attitudes and the Dark Triad personality traits through questionnaires used in international research with background variables. We found that the most unethical behaviour is 'Divulging confidential information,' 'Passing blame for your errors to an innocent co-worker,' and 'Claiming credit for someone else's work.' The least unethical behaviour is 'Eating snacks while at your workstation'. Factor analysis and linear regression analysis were used. Despite our expectations, the revealed relationships between ethical attitudes and Dark Triad personality traits were not clearly positive. According to the regression model, the dark triad personality score is lower if the respondent is female, studies at the commerce-marketing major, and has higher values at the following factors: 'physiological unethicalness', 'overcharge', and 'other ethical attitudes' factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our present time, ethics in teacher education plays an important role in the teaching and learning process. In the school context, both teachers and learners need to feel safe in order to learn meaningfully and achieve their dreams. As such, creation of the positive and inclusive school environments is important. Building an effective school culture is essential to teachers as well as to the students. Strengthening the teacherstudents relationship offers opportunity for both students and teachers to aspire and achieve their great goals. In this way, teachers will teach effectively; learners will learn well in the school that is safe and that which promotes the practice of the ethical standards. For a successful teaching and learning to take place in school contexts, ethics and its standards need to be considered and improved. To achieve that, how the school and classrooms are organized is fundamental, this paper presents evidence from literature on the significance of ethics and its standards that teachers and other education stakeholders in Tanzania can learn in order to promote teacher professionalism and effective academic performance in school organizations in Tanzania. It also discusses the prevailing teachers' professional misconducts in Tanzanian schools that have affected the learning outcomes. Furthermore, the paper highlights strategies that could be used by school organization to ensure that the school organizations observe and encourage the development of teaching professionalism for the improved learning and organizational outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Competency models describe desired behaviours, skills, and attributes to facilitate organisational goals' achievement. The primary focus of a competency model is to align individual behaviours to organisationally expected behaviours. Given that employees’ ethical behaviour has become the sine qua non for organisations, it is surprising to see the absence of ethical competency in organisations’ competency models. Based on two separate studies with the heads of HR in Indian and South-East Asian organisations, the present study identified three core reasons for the absence of ethics in competency models (i.e., ideation, conceptualisation, and implementation challenges). Also, the study proposes a framework for fostering ethical behaviour amongst employees. Implications of the research for theory and practice are discussed.

Purpose – This study aims to examine the relationship between sellers’ ethical behaviour and customer loyalty. The mediating effect of trust and satisfaction in the relationship between ethical behaviour and loyalty was also assessed in the sportswear industry. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from 265 consumers. Ten hypotheses were developed and tested by applying structural equation modelling. Findings – There is a significant influence between sellers’ ethical behaviour and consumers’ loyalty. Also, satisfaction and trust mediate the relationship between sellers’ ethical behaviour and consumers’ loyalty. Trust is also found as the most proximal antecedent to customer loyalty. Originality/value – This study empirically justifies the relationship between sellers’ ethical behaviour towards customer satisfaction and trust. This study also provides insight into the relationships between customer satisfaction, trust and loyalty in an integrated model. La influencia del comportamiento ético de los vendedores en la lealtad, la satisfacción y la confianza de los clientes Propósito – Este estudio examina la relación entre el comportamiento ético de los vendedores y la lealtad de los clientes. También se evaluó el efecto mediador de la confianza y la satisfacción en la relación entre el comportamiento ético y la lealtad en la industria de la ropa deportiva. Metodología – Se recogieron datos de 265 consumidores. Se elaboraron diez hipótesis y se comprobaron aplicando un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Resultados y conclusions – Existe una influencia significativa entre el comportamiento ético de los vendedores y la lealtad de los consumidores. Además, la satisfacción y la confianza median en la relación entre el comportamiento ético de los vendedores y la fidelidad de los consumidores. La confianza también se revela como el antecedente más próximo a la lealtad de los consumidores. Valor – Este estudio justifica empíricamente la relación entre el comportamiento ético de los vendedores con la satisfacción y la confianza de los clientes. Este estudio también proporciona una visión de las relaciones entre la satisfacción del cliente, la confianza y la lealtad en un modelo integrado. 卖方的道德行为对顾客忠诚度、满意度和信任度的影响 目的 – 本研究考察了卖家的道德行为与顾客忠诚度之间的关系。同时评估了在体育用品行业中, 信任和满意度在道德行为和忠诚度之间的中介效应。 方法 – 收集了265名消费者的数据。通过运用结构方程模型, 提出并检验了10个假设。 结果和发现 – 卖方的道德行为和消费者的忠诚度之间存在着显著的影响。同时, 满意度和信任感对销售者的道德行为和消费者的忠诚度之间的关系起到了中介作用。信任也被认为是顾客忠诚度的最接近的前因。 价值 – 本研究从经验上证明了卖家的道德行为与顾客满意度和信任之间的关系。本研究还对顾客满意度、信任和忠诚度之间的关系提供了一个综合模型的见解。

The ‘dramatic poem’, Nathan der Weise [Nathan the Wise], was written in 1779 by Gotthold Ephraim Lessing in Germany. The scene is set in medieval Jerusalem, where Sultan Saladin rules and where the wealthy merchant Jew, Nathan, lives with his adopted daughter Recha, who is saved from a burning house by a Christian Templar knight. It is clear from the characters that the poem has the making of a fine example of interreligious dialogue. The culmination of the interreligious encounter in the poem is the account of what is now known as the parable of the Three Rings. The principle behind the parable has theological and socio-ethical implications that may guide us in understanding how religions can and ought to engage. This contribution presents a critical reflection of the Three Rings parable to add to the current debate on interreligious relations. The text of the poem is read from a theological socio-ethical perspective. The conclusion drawn from this reflection is that theological reasons may sometimes not be enough to ensure peaceful relations between religions. It may be that religions can together address socio-ethical challenges. Such co-action may transcend theological differences and mitigate interreligious dialogue. Contribution: This contribution wants to critically discuss the dramatic poem ‘Nathan der Weise’ and determine how the Three Rings parable can contribute to current interreligious relations. The research addresses United Nations Sustainable Development Goals numbers 11 and 16, contributing to peaceful co-existence in sustainable communities.

This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the issue of misconduct. The purpose of the research is to explore the need for organizational ethics management to promote good governance in the South African Department of Public Works and Infrastructure. Systematization of the literary sources and approaches for solving the problem of misconduct indicates that despite the legislative and institutional frameworks that are implemented, various forms of misconduct persist in the department, the cause of which could be institutional and explored and described in the study. The relevance of this scientific problem decision is that this study intends to promote good governance in one chosen department in South Africa, and the findings may also apply to other government departments. Investigation in the paper is conducted in the following logical sequence: conceptual frameworks of organisational ethics management and good governance are explained, followed by an explanation as to how organisational ethics management can promote good governance; after that, a contextual framework is discussed, exploring various cases of misconduct that impede good governance in the Department of Public Works and Infrastructure. The methodological tools of the research methods were conceptual and document analysis and synthesis. The paper presents the qualitative study results which show few institutional factors, such as lack of audit action plans, absence of funding models, ineffective internal control systems, and lack of compliance. These may be considered factors impeding good governance in the Department. The results show that organisational ethics management needs to incorporate various aspects of ethics into the Department, such as ethics training, code of conduct, establishing an ethics committee, promoting ethical behaviour, and disciplinary measures to combat misconduct and promote good governance. The results of the research could be helpful for other South African government departments to combat misconduct and promote good governance.

Factors that affect work team performance are the main topic of numerous research works that bring understanding of how teams can operate effectively in a constantly changing environment. The focus of this paper is on the relationship between work team diversity and team performance. The aim is to evaluate the influence of various work team diversity categories and characteristics on team performance. The research is executed on the sample of more than 940 sales work teams within international corporation with the global presence. Performance of sales work teams is measured by achieved revenue on country level and consequently consolidated in a form of global performance ranking. Linear regression is used to analyse the impact of work team diversity characteristics on team performance. The results confirm that team performance is influenced by gender, national, and mother tongue diversity of team members, but also by seniority and stability of work team. Team size and job specialization seem to be without any significant impact on team performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is an attempt to empirically examine the relationship between a manager's virtuousness, and ethical and unethical behaviour in the context of Indian public sector undertakings. The study also assesses the moderating role of power distance culture in the relationship. A total of 256 managers participated in the study. Exploratory factor analysis revealed two forms of ethical behaviours namely, manipulative behaviour and behaviour of being fair and responsible. As one of the major findings, perception towards power distance culture seems to moderate the relationship between virtuousness and both forms of ethical behaviours.

Background: Ethical behaviour in nursing practice is integral to establishing a harmonious nurse-patient relationship and improving the quality of care. A multitude of factors shapes such behaviour. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the interplay between these factors. Research objectives: This study aimed to explore the mechanisms underlying the influence of moral sensitivity on nurses’ ethical behaviour and clarify the mediating role of moral courage. Research design: This cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted between July and August 2023. Participants and Research Context: The sample comprised 465 clinical nurses from three tertiary hospitals in Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, China. Data were collected using the Chinese version of the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire-Revised Version, Nurses’ Moral Courage Scale, and Ethical Behaviour Scale for Nurses. Data analysis was performed with SPSS 26.0 and AMOS 24.0, using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, structural equation modelling, and bootstrapping methods. Ethical considerations: This study was approved by the Ethical Review Committee of Life Sciences of Zhengzhou University, China. Results: The participants were predominantly female (95.1%), with a mean age of 31.9 years. Moral courage and moral sensitivity were positively correlated with ethical behaviour. Moral sensitivity was positively associated with moral courage. Moral courage partially mediates the relationship between moral sensitivity and ethical behaviour. The indirect effect of nurses’ moral sensitivity on ethical behaviour was quantified through moral courage (indirect effect = 0.290). Conclusion: Moral courage intermediates nurses’ moral sensitivity and ethical behaviour. This conclusion provides nursing administrators with the insight that improving clinical nurses’ moral sensitivity and courage can contribute to ensuring appropriate ethical behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the emergence of Internet technology, Internet ethics has become an important issue for academics and practitioners. This study aims to investigate the factors that influence students' behavioural intention to perform an Internet ethical behaviour based on an integrated perspective of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), Big-Five personality traits, and Internet ethics education. This study empirically examines the research model using a cross-sectional survey study, collecting data from a sample of 276 students, and using partial least squares (PLS) for the analysis. The results show that intention of performing Internet ethical behaviours is influenced by attitude toward ethical behaviour, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control. Moreover, personality trait agreeableness is positively related to attitude toward ethical behaviour and subjective norms. Conscientiousness and openness are positively correlated with attitude toward ethical behaviour, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control. Finally, the existence of an Internet ethics curriculum significantly strengthened the positive relationship between attitude toward ethical behaviour and intention of performing Internet ethical behaviours. The findings enhance our understanding of the relationship between students' Internet ethical behaviour and Internet ethics education. The results also provide several important theoretical and practical implications for Internet ethics education within the university education context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an increasingly globalized world, threatened by resource depletion, global warming and pollution, scientists in general and the chemists in particular are obliged to rapidly integrate ethical values into their work. This article shows that the codes of ethics are a valuable aid in this process. Two real life examples are highlighted. The first one concerns a misbehaviour situation from an academic, while the second one presents the entangled political, economic and legal implications brought about by the pollution by polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) of the landfill La Pila, in the canton of Fribourg. Ultimately, the article underscores the collective responsibility of scientists, policy makers and economical players to uphold ethical excellence, for the benefit of the whole society and of everyone., (Copyright 2024 Olimpia Mamula Steiner, Andrea Anja Bumann. License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.)

There is a growing need to identify what really can converge classroom learning to the real-life practising of ethical principles. We examine if the effectiveness of ethics education can be improved through meditation-based mindfulness intervention. Our baseline experiment is a procedurally modified version of the anagram exercise (Ruedy and Schweitzer 2010) for measuring unethical behaviour. We introduce a brief meditation intervention to induce instant mindfulness. Our findings indicate substantive evidence confirming the positive effect of the state of mindfulness on ethical behaviour. Subjects in the meditation group engage in more low-level cheating compared to the control group who cheated more severely. Gender and academic grade do not influence ethical behaviour. Mindfulness fosters composure, mental poise, and a conducive environment for upholding ethical values, as indicated by a lower incidence of cheating in our study. We propose to promote a learning environment with mindfulness intervention in educational programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Banks and other financial institutions are required by law to comply with AML requirements to guarantee they do not facilitate money laundering. However, financial institutions are exceptionally susceptible to money laundering activities in Malaysia. With this concern, this project aimed to identify the determinants which contribute to money laundering activities among commercial banks in Malaysia. Since there are only a few studies have analysed various factors that influence money laundering, this study intends to achieve the aim of the study which is to figure out the level of influence that the factors identified as independent variables on the dependent variable, money laundering. In this study, technology, legal framework, income, and ethical behaviour are acknowledged as the independent variables. A total of 102 survey questionnaires were delivered to commercial bank employees via a convenience sample strategy. Descriptive and inferential statistics were compiled by entering the replies of a total of 102 respondents one by one into SPSS. The results revealed that there is a positive relationship and correlation between all four independent variables; technology, legal framework, income and ethical behaviour towards the dependent variable, money laundering. Consequently, the null hypothesis formulated for this research has been disproved, however, the alternative hypotheses have all been accepted and validated by the data analysis conducted. In addition, this research is claimed to be capable of resolving money laundering difficulties and educating commercial banks on how to identify and prevent money laundering in their organisations.

Social responsibility is applied in many industrial branches around the world, and in recent decades, various aspects of corporate social responsibility have been analysed in the apparel and textile industry. The textile and clothing industry is rapidly developing branch of the industry, so modern corporations must be able to respond to market demands and place products on the market as soon as possible. In doing so, they must be aware of their environment and actors who are involved in the process in any way and must adapt their business in order not to cause harm to others and do not pollute the environment. However, in spite of the efforts of organizations to be socially responsible, we still meet today with textile and clothing companies, which behave very unethically towards their actors. As long as there is an opinion that the realization of a profit is on a far higher scale and that it is far more valued by employees, consumers, investors and other stakeholders, there will exist a problem of implementing a socially responsible business. Organizations tend to reduce all critical aspects that negatively affect the production itself and are often criticized by the community. They try to behave ethically towards all actors, but the unethical reflection in the business is present to a lesser extent. The aim of this paper is to study the textile and clothing industries through the prism of corporate social responsibility at the national level. Particularly important is the way companies in this sector are dealing with social responsibility issues.

Purpose of the article: The article aims to explore the role of ethics within the context of digital technologies to provide additional insight into the phenomenon of digital transformation, and thus to contribute to a better understanding of the opportunities and challenges that companies encounter in a rapidly changing business environment. Specifically, the paper determines the role of ethics discussed in the most recent scientific literature in the context of digital transformation. Methodology/methods: An explorative approach to the analysis of scientific literature was adopted to answer the research question: What is known from the available scientific literature about the role of business ethics in the digital transformation of a company? The Scopus and ScienceDirect scientific databases were used for the literature search. The selected articles were assessed, grouped around the topics and analysed. Scientific aim: To investigate the challenges in the business ethics related to an increased impact of digital transformation on the company's performance. Findings: 1) Business ethics ensures that digital technologies and the company's decisions based on the information provided by these technologies are in line with the ethical considerations. 2) There is a demand for the increased organisational accountability for data management to ensure legal and ethical implications of data ownership. 3) Ethical decisions promote a long- run sustainable development of a company. 4) Ethical decision-making allows digitalisation solutions to be applied in accordance with the values and principles of employees. Conclusions: Ethical considerations provide deeper understanding of the impact of digital transformation at a higher level and in its long-term perspective. Limitations: the literature search was conducted in two scientific databases. Implications: the findings of this study form the basis for further research to investigate the interdependence between ethical responsibility of a company and technological advances towards achieving sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formalisation emerges as an important aspect of organisational structure, especially in the wake of disruption of organisational routines. Also, there is a growing recognition that, in recent decades, higher educational institutions started adapting several business-like managerial practices into their system. In this context, the present study aims to determine the likely effect of organisational formalisation on ethical and unethical behaviour among teachers/faculty members. In addition, the study assesses the mediating mechanism of moral efficacy in the aforementioned relationships. A survey-based method was utilised to collect data from the 689 faculty members affiliated with different higher educational institutions in southern India. Structural equation modelling results revealed that formalisation has a significant positive relation with faculty member's ethical behaviour. However, the study did not provide evidence for the predicted negative relationship between formalisation and unethical behaviour. Further, the results suggested that moral efficacy plays a significant mediating role in both these relations. Results reinforce the underlying theoretical mechanism of social cognitive theory that human function is a reciprocal determinism between person, his/her environment, and behaviour. Implications and limitations of the study are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is a qualitative study carried out for determining the views of teachers carrying on their duties in elementary and secondary education institutions towards the effect of ethical leadership behaviours upon classroom management. The data related to the research was collected through the interviews with the teachers who participated into the research in a period from October 2019 to October 2020 in Turkey. It was noticed that definitions of the teachers who participated into the research related to teacher leadership were shaped in accordance with their personal attitudes and traits. The participants mostly defined teacher leadership as being a role model and orienting the students. Namely, the participants considered that teacher leadership in classroom should be there for being a guide for the students and orienting them, and teachers should present model behaviours. The teachers who participated into the research also considered that teacher leadership in the classroom should be ethical. The participants especially emphasized that this leadership should have an ethical property related to mutual role balance, leadership shared with the students in the classroom, democratic attitude and respect to individuals. When teachers' ways of using their leadership roles in the classroom were analyzed, it was noticed that the teachers mostly presented behaviours for orientation, and focused mostly on student-cantered educational activities. The ethical behaviours participant teachers used mostly in classroom management were concluded to be behaving equally to the students, determining and practicing the classroom rules together, and regarding the individual differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]