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Abstract Impaired glucose uptake in the brain is an early presymptomatic manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), with symptom-free periods of varying duration that likely reflect individual differences in metabolic resilience. We propose a systemic “bioenergetic capacity”, the individual ability to maintain energy homeostasis under pathological conditions. Using fasting serum acylcarnitine profiles from the AD Neuroimaging Initiative as a blood-based readout for this capacity, we identified subgroups with distinct clinical and biomarker presentations of AD. Our data suggests that improving beta-oxidation efficiency can decelerate bioenergetic aging and disease progression. The estimated treatment effects of targeting the bioenergetic capacity were comparable to those of recently approved anti-amyloid therapies, particularly in individuals with specific mitochondrial genotypes linked to succinylcarnitine metabolism. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that therapeutically enhancing bioenergetic health may reduce the risk of symptomatic AD. Furthermore, monitoring the bioenergetic capacity via blood acylcarnitine measurements can be achieved using existing clinical assays.

Abstract The identification of microglia subtypes is important for understanding the role of innate immunity in neurodegenerative diseases. Current methods of unsupervised cell type identification assume a small noise-to-signal ratio of transcriptome measurements to produce well-separated cell clusters. However, identification of subtypes can be obscured by gene expression noise, which diminishes the distances in transcriptome space between distinct cell types, blurs boundaries, and reduces reproducibility. Here we use Fokker-Planck (FP) diffusion maps to model cellular differentiation as a stochastic process whereby cells settle into local minima that correspond to cell subtypes, in a potential landscape constructed from transcriptome data using a nearest neighbor graph approach. By applying critical transition fields, we identify individual cells on the verge of transitioning between subtypes, revealing microglial cells in an inactivated, homeostatic state before radially transitioning into various specialized subtypes. Specifically, we show that cells from Alzheimer’s disease patients are enriched in a microglia subtype associated to antigen presentation and T-cell recruitment, and are depleted in an anti-inflammatory subtype.

Abstract Background In this study, we aimed to investigate whether ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) would reduce the necessity of cholecystectomy in patients diagnosed with asymptomatic gallstones after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and in patients diagnosed with asymptomatic gallstones before LSG. Methods Between July 2020 and November 2022, at least 2-year follow-ups of patients who underwent LSG for obesity were retrospectively analyzed. Patients with pre-existing asymptomatic gallstones during preoperative evaluation, those with UDCA treatment (group 1), and observation group (group 2). Patients with newly formed gallstones in postoperative outpatient clinic follow-up, those with UDCA treatment (group A), and those without UDCA treatment (group B). Results A total of 425 patients included. At the end of the first year, patients who had newly formed gallstones after LSG had a higher total weight loss percentages (TWL%) (39.8 ± 6.1) compared to those who did not develop gallstones (37.9 ± 7.4), which were statistically significant (p = 0.004). Among patients who developed gallstones postoperatively, UDCA treatment was associated with a significantly lower cholecystectomy rate in patients with newly formed gallstones postoperatively (p = 0.025), while no significant difference was shown in patients with preoperative gallstones (p = 0.631). Conclusion UDCA is a promising option for reducing the need for cholecystectomy in patients with post-LSG gallstones, but it appears ineffective for pre-existing gallstones.

A crucial aspect of DC-DC converters employed in renewable energy sources such as fuel cells is their ability to exhibit substantial increases in DC voltage and maintain an efficient structure while minimizing input current ripple. These factors play a pivotal role in enhancing the longevity of these energy sources and ensuring their compatibility with high-voltage AC and DC grids. This study introduces a high-gain DC-DC step-up converter that incorporates a continuous input current cell and a switched capacitor voltage-boosting output cell to address these requirements. The control process of this proposed converter is executed using an artificial neural network based on the Levenberg-Marquardt learning algorithm. The primary difference in this research lies in obtaining the artificial neural network-based controller directly from the circuit’s characteristic equations, rather than generating it through another controller. A feedback control strategy has been formulated, where the artificial neural network consistently produces duty increment values based on the reference voltage. Additionally, the network’s input includes not only the reference signal but also the circuit input voltage and output current value. As a result, the stability of the circuit’s output voltage is maintained against variations in input voltage and load changes. A laboratory-designed workbench underwent testing, and the experimental results substantiated the theoretical inquiries and simulation outcomes.

Background and Objective Insomnia severity and poor sleep quality are linked with a poor response to depression treatments. Furthermore, they may heighten suicide risk, necessitating careful management and treatment of insomnia. This study explored how accelerated transcranial magnetic stimulation (aTMS) affects insomnia severity and sleep quality in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Methods This retrospective study included files from 28 patients with TRD who met specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. We assessed changes in insomnia severity and sleep quality by comparing scores before and after aTMS treatment. All patients underwent 50 sessions of intermittent theta burst stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex across 10 days. Results The mean age of the patients was 40.82±12.03 years. Before aTMS, the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) score was 18.21±9.45, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score was 12.85±4.75. After aTMS, ISI and PSQI scores improved to 5.75±6.70 and 6.75±5.01, respectively. The mean reductions in ISI and PSQI scores post-aTMS were 12.46 and 6.10, with Cohen’s effect sizes of 1.51 and 1.26, respectively. The sub-dimensions of subjective sleep quality and daytime dysfunction showed the most significant decreases, while sleep duration decreased the least. Improvements in all sleep parameters were statistically significant. Conclusions aTMS significantly alleviated insomnia severity and enhanced sleep quality in patients with TRD within just two weeks.

Abstract Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles made of hyperphosphorylated tau and senile plaques composed of beta-amyloid. These pathognomonic deposits have been implicated in the pathogenesis, although the molecular mechanisms and consequences remain undetermined. UFM1 is an important, but understudied ubiquitin-like protein that is covalently attached to substrates. UFMylation has recently been identified as major modifier of tau aggregation upon seeding in experimental models. However, potential alterations of the UFM1 pathway in human AD brain have not been investigated yet. Methods Here we used frontal and temporal cortex samples from individuals with or without AD to measure the protein levels of the UFMylation pathway in human brain. We used multivariable regression analyses followed by Bonferroni correction for multiple testing to analyze associations of the UFMylation pathway with neuropathological characteristics, primary biochemical measurements of tau and additional biochemical markers from the same cases. We further studied associations of the UFMylation cascade with cellular stress pathways using Spearman correlations with bulk RNAseq expression data and functionally validated these interactions using gene-edited neurons that were generated by CRISPR-Cas9. Results Compared to controls, human AD brain had increased protein levels of UFM1. Our data further indicates that this increase mainly reflects conjugated UFM1 indicating hyperUFMylation in AD. UFMylation was strongly correlated with pathological tau in both AD-affected brain regions. In addition, we found that the levels of conjugated UFM1 were negatively correlated with soluble levels of the deUFMylation enzyme UFSP2. Functional analysis of UFM1 and/or UFSP2 knockout neurons revealed that the DNA damage response as well as the unfolded protein response are perturbed by changes in neuronal UFM1 signaling. Conclusions There are marked changes in the UFMylation pathway in human AD brain. These changes are significantly associated with pathological tau, supporting the idea that the UFMylation cascade might indeed act as a modifier of tau pathology in human brain. Our study further nominates UFSP2 as an attractive target to reduce the hyperUFMylation observed in AD brain but also underscores the critical need to identify risks and benefits of manipulating the UFMylation pathway as potential therapeutic avenue for AD.

Klasik şiirin temel öğelerinin başında gelen aruz vezni, birbirini etkileyen edebiyatların şairlerinin karşılaştırılmasında, karşılaştırmada esas alınması gereken konuların başında gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada klasik Fars edebiyatının önde gelen şairlerinden Hâfız-ı Şîrâzî ile klasik Türk edebiyatının önemli şairlerinden Fuzûlî’nin Türkçe Divanında bulunan gazellerinin aruz vezinleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın temel sorusu Fuzûlî’nin gazellerinde vezin açısından bir gazel şairi olan Hâfız-ı Şîrâzî’den etkilenip etkilenmediğinin belirlenmesidir. Nitel çalışma yöntemini benimseyen bu çalışma her iki şairin divanlarında bulunan gazeller ile kendini sınırlandırmıştır. Bu çalışmada aruz vezinlerinin farklı iki kategorisinden faydalanılmış olması, bu kategoriler ile her iki şairin gazellerinin şimdiye kadar karşılaştırılmamış olması, çalışmanın önemini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmanın bir bölümünde esas alınan ve klasik Türk edebiyatında herhangi bir şairin şiirlerinin aruz vezninin Hîzâbî (خیزابی) ve Cûybârî (جویباری) olarak adlandırılan sınıflandırma kapsamında incelenmemiş olması bu çalışmayı ayrıca önemli kılmaktadır. Sonuçta görüldü ki; aruz vezninin kullanımı bakımından Fuzûlî, Hâfız-ı Şîrâzî’den etkilenmemiştir.

Carînan şair di şi’rên xwe de berê xwe didin hinek hunerên edebî ku bi wê şêwe û bi wê cureyê di şi’rên şa‘irên dîtir de nayêne dîtin. Şi’rên muweşşeh jî yek ji wan hunerên edebî ye ku ji teref kêm şa‘iran ve hatiye bikaranîn. Muweşşeh ji ber ku weke şi’ra akrostîş dihê bilêvkirin, bes weke ji herfên serê misrayan derxistina navan dihê famkirin. Lê di mînakên edebiyata klasîk de sûdwergirtina ji herfên şi’rê cureyeke muweşşehê ye û jî muweşşehên dîtbarî yên weke di şiklên balindeyan û daran, muweşşehên çargoşe û grover jî sûd hatiye wergirtin. Ev xebat şi’ra muweşşeha a Şêx Tahirê Şûşî ya bi navê "Mûma Dilî" vedikolîne. Li ser vê, pirsa xebatê ev e; di edebiyata Kurdî ya Klasîk de zêdahî li cureyên şi’ra muweşşeh bûye an nebûye û şa‘irên edebiyata Kurdî ya klasîk hunerên edebî ava kirine an nekirine. Rêbaza xebatê lêgerîna lîteratorê ye û çerçoweya xebatê bi şi’ra muweşşeh a bi navê "Mûma Dilî" ya Şêx Tahirê Şûşî hatiye sînordarkirin. Di encamê de hate dîtin ku; şi’ra Şêx Tahirê Şûşî ya bi navê "Mûma Dilî" cureyeke nuh ya şi’ra muweşşehê ye û di vê şi’rê de hinek hunerên edebî hatine bikaranîn ku di berhemên rewanbêjîyê de kêm dihên dîtin an nayên dîtin.

The demand for high-gain, efficient, and cost-effective power converters with simple control mechanisms to connect electric vehicle batteries to the grid is increasing. This study introduces a switched capacitor-based power boost converter circuit to meet these needs. The minimal number of power switches in the circuit simplifies control operations and improves practical applicability. The proposed converter boosts the battery pack voltage by a factor of 5 and 11 for duty ratios of 0.5 and 0.8, respectively, which is significant compared to conventional boost converters. However, designing an electromagnetic interference (EMI) filter is crucial when a power converter board requires the application of a wide range of switching frequencies to enhance electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) immunity. Therefore, as the next step, the EMI/EMC filter design stages were discussed for the proposed converter. For this purpose, 15 printed circuit board (PCB) design rules were checked using the Altium Designer EMI Design Rule Checker, and board EMI/EMC compatibility was analysed. The resonance between the power and ground layers in the PCB was assessed using the plane resonance analyser. The results of simulation and laboratory tests are presented, which confirms the theoretical studies. On the basis of the software results, the points on the electronic board most susceptible to visual interferences have been identified. To minimise these EMI/EMC errors, it is suggested to add electronic components, such as capacitors, at these points according to mathematical and software findings.

Introduction: Thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) has begun playing an important role in the evaluation of thyroid nodules, in addition to physical examination and imaging techniques. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of patients who underwent thyroid FNAB together with their demographic data, imaging findings, and follow-up compliance. Methods: Patients who underwent thyroid FNAB procedures in our hospital’s interventional radiology unit between January 2022 and May 2024 were evaluated retrospectively. Data were retrieved from patient records. Cytological results were classified as malignant, atypia of undetermined significance, benign, and non-diagnostic material. Results: Two hundred twelve solid nodules were detected in the patients who underwent biopsy, and 59 mixed nodules with a cystic component. Non-diagnostic material was reported in 51 cases at cytological examination, benign cytology in 150, atypia of undetermined significance in 53, and malignant material in 17. The incidence of non-diagnostic results was significantly higher in hypoechoic nodules and low-volume nodules. Conclusions: Thyroid FNAB is a valuable diagnostic tool due to its ease of application and provision of useful information in benign-malignant differentiation. Once it becomes capable of application by primary physicians and local state hospitals in Türkiye it will reduce delayed diagnoses, unnecessary surgical procedures, and economic burdens on social security institutions.

This study was performed to determine preservice elementary mathematics teachers' solution performance of systems of linear equations using geometric representation, algebraic representation and transition from geometric representation to the algebraic representation and the predictive role of preservice elementary mathematics teachers' performance of different representation usage on their systems of linear equations self-efficacy perceptions. The research follows the prediction model, which is one of the relational screening models. The data were obtained by using the 'Systems of Linear Equations Self-Efficacy Test' developed by Kardes [Kardes, D. (2010). Matematik ögretmen adaylarinin lineer denklem sistemleri çözüm süreçlerinin öz-yeterlik algisi ve çoklu temsil baglaminda incelenmesi [An investigation of the processes of pre-services mathematics teachers? Solving systems of linear equations within the context of self-efficacy and multiple representations] [Master's thesis]. Marmara University. Turkish Higher Education Council thesis repository (#264144). https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/] and the 'Systems of Linear Equations Performance Test' developed by the researchers. Because of the research, it was found out that preservice teachers' algebraic representation performances and their self-efficacy perceptions were at the maximum level when the number of equations and unknown variables was equal (m = n). Additionally, due to the multiple regression analysis, preservice teachers' performances on geometric representation, the transition from geometric representation to algebraic representation and systems of linear equations in R[superscript 3] were determined to be significant predictors of their self-efficacy perception. [This study was presented as a verbal announcement at the International Symposium on Active Learning-ISAL 2019 symposium.]

This study aimed to perform a scale adaptation to determine students' perceptions of a classroom learning environment. The sample of the study consisted of 337 students for exploratory factor analysis and 1,639 students for confirmatory factor analysis. The scale known as My Class Activity adapted in this study was developed by Gentry and Gable (2001). The adapted scale is a five-point Likert-type scale consisting of four factors (interest, choice, challenge, and enjoyment). The scale was previously adapted to Turkish culture by Deniz and Saranli (2017), and in this study, we readapted the scale to Turkish culture. Exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis of the data obtained from the scales were completed with SPSS software and confirmatory factor analysis with AMOS. As a result of the analyses of the adapted scale, it was decided to remove the challenge dimension. After the validity and reliability studies obtained from the three-factor (interest, choice, enjoyment) structure of the scale, it was concluded that the scale could be used in Turkish culture.

Background and Objective We aim to assess the role of affective temperaments, insomnia severity, sleep quality, and depressive anxiety symptoms in predicting catastrophizing insomnia in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods Our study employed a case-control design, involving 90 drug-free MDD patients and 90 healthy controls (HCs) with identical sociodemographic characteristics. Participants completed a comprehensive set of assessments, including the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Catastrophizing Scale (ICS), and Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A). Results Among the 90 MDD patients, 80% were female (n = 72), with a mean age of 32.2 ± 13.6 years. The MDD group exhibited significantly higher scores on the BDI, BAI, ISI, PSQI, ICS night, ICS daytime, and ICS total scores, along with depressive, cyclothymic, irritable, and anxious temperament scores, compared to the HCs (p < 0.001). Notably, the hyperthymic temperament showed no correlation with insomnia catastrophizing in either group. Our findings revealed that the ISI score was a predictive factor for the ICS night; age and ISI were predictive factors for the ICS daytime; and age, anxious temperament, and ISI were predictive factors for the ICS total in the MDD group. Conclusions The severity of insomnia, young age, and an anxious temperament were identified as positive predictors of insomnia catastrophizing.

Introduction: This study aimed to examine the patients who were consulted to psychiatry while receiving inpatient treatment due to COVID-19 infection based on sociodemographic data, medical history, diagnoses and treatments.Methods: This is a retrospective study in which the consultations were retrospectively reviewed using information obtained from electronic medical records. The consultant psychiatrists created a structured data collection form to evaluate the clinical and demographic features of the patients.Results: Ninety-nine of the psychiatry consultation results of patients were evaluated. The mean age of patients was 64.48 ± 18.82. The most common medical diagnoses are hypertension (n=32, 32.3%) and heart disease (n=21, 21.1%). The most common reason for consultation was agitation (n=27, 27.2%), and the most common diagnosis was delirium (n=25, 25.2%) and anxiety disorders (n=23, 23.2%). Increasing age, presence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and oxygen inhalation therapy were factors affecting the diagnosis of delirium. In contrast, the presence of heart disease or diabetes mellitus increased the risk of anxiety disorder, and antipsychotic use decreased this risk.Conclusion: It has been revealed that inpatients with COVID-19 were at risk of psychiatric disorders, especially delirium and anxiety disorders. Psychiatric conditions may notably influence the prognosis and treatment of COVID-19.

Background: Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is reportedly rare but has high morbidity and mortality risk in persons with hemophilia. Although the risk factors that facilitate bleeding are known, the factors affecting the sequelae are not well known. Objectives: We planned to investigate the risk factors for neurologic sequelae in children and adolescents with hemophilia suffering from ICH. Methods: An invitation was sent to pediatric hematology centers via email. Clinical and laboratory findings, neurologic sequelae, and recurrence of bleeding in persons with hemophilia who developed ICH were questioned. Results: Eighty-six patients from 21 centers were evaluated. All patients were less than 18 years of age at the time of ICH. Thirteen patients had ICH in the neonatal period, while 40 patients had a known diagnosis of hemophilia before ICH, and 33 patients were undiagnosed before ICH. Five patients died, 2 of whom died in the neonatal period. The rate of neurologic sequelae was 25 of 81 (30%). The most common neurologic sequela was epilepsy (n = 11/25), followed by hemiparesis (n = 5/25). Cerebral shift (odds ratio, 3.48) and development of ICH in the neonatal period (odds ratio, 4.67) were significant for the development of neurologic sequelae in multivariate analysis. On follow-up, recurrence of ICH occurred in 8 of 81 (10%). Conclusion: ICH in the neonatal period and cerebral shift were the two main risk factors for the development of neurologic sequelae. Neonatal departments must be alert to the signs of bleeding. It is important for healthcare professionals to overcome the barriers to primary prophylaxis and to take trauma-related precautions.

IntroductionSingle-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) and flow cytometry studies in skin are methodologically complex and costly, limiting their accessibility to researchers worldwide. Ideally, RNA and protein-based analyses should be performed on the same lesion to obtain more comprehensive data. However, current protocols generally focus on either scRNAseq or flow cytometry of healthy skin.MethodsWe present a novel label-free sample multiplexing strategy, building on the souporcell algorithm, which enables scRNAseq analysis of paired blood and skin samples. Additionally, we provide detailed instructions for simultaneous flow cytometry analysis from the same sample, with necessary adaptations for both healthy and inflamed skin specimens.ResultsThis tissue multiplexing strategy mitigates technical batch effects and reduces costs by 2-4 times compared to existing protocols. We also demonstrate the effects of varying enzymatic incubation durations (1, 3, and 16 hours, with and without enzyme P) on flow cytometry outcomes. Comprehensive explanations of bioinformatic demultiplexing steps and a detailed step-by-step protocol of the entire experimental procedure are included.DiscussionThe protocol outlined in this article will make scRNAseq and flow cytometry analysis of skin samples more accessible to researchers, especially those new to these techniques.

Kamu hastanesi çalışanlarının ve yöneticilerinin oldukça yoğun bir iş yüküne ve bir o kadar da zor koşullarda çalışmaları sürdürülebilir performansa ulaşmalarını olanaksız hale getirmektedir. Hastane çalışanlarının ve yöneticilerinin beklentilerini karşılayabilmeleri, başarıya ulaşabilmeleri ve sürdürülebilir performansa ulaşabilmeleri için birbirleri ile iletişimin etkisi büyük önem taşıdığı için bu çalışmada da belli bir örneklemden hareketle iletişim konusunun incelenmesi esas alınmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı da yöneticiler ve çalışanlar arasındaki iletişimin hastanenin performansına etkisini göstermektir. Burada performans-iletişim ilişkisi ele alınırken Likert ölçeğinden yararlanılmaktadır. Ayrıca analitik bulgular regresyon analizi sonuçları ile desteklenmektedir. Veriler İstanbul sınırları içinde yer alan üç kamu hastanesinde toplam 313 kişiyle anket yöntemiyle, yüz yüze görüşerek elde edilmiştir. Araştırmaya konu olan hastaneler karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edildiğinde her üç hastanenin yönetici ve çalışanlarının dürüstlük ilkesini önemsediği; yine iletişim olgusunun hastane performansını daha da iyileştireceği algısını benimsedikleri anlaşılmaktadır. Çalışmanın Likert ölçeğine göre standardize edilmiş sonuçları kısaca şu şekilde sıralanabilir: Burada hastanelerde ayrımcılığa yer verilmediğini, iletişim olgusunun hastane performansını daha da iyileştireceğini, stres olgusunun ise hem yöneticiler hem de çalışanlar açısından bir sorun olarak görüldüğünü söylemek mümkündür.

In the current study, it is aimed to bibliometrically examine the published scientific documents on spatial ability in the field of education. Within the scope of the research, a scan was performed using the formula -“spatial abil*” and “educat*”- in the Web of Science (WoS) database. VOSviewer program has been used in the analysis of the data. As a result of the analysis, 1317 scientific studies published between 1975-2022 were reached. The first study published in WoS in the related subject area belongs to the year 1984. The most publications on the concept of spatial ability, which began to gain popularity as of the 2000s, were produced in 2020. The country that produces the most publications, has the strongest relationship network and receives the most citations is the USA. The organization with the strongest relationship network is Tomsk State University, the organization with the most publications is La Laguna University, and the organization with the most citations is Vanderbilt University. The scientific document with the strongest relationship network and the most cited is Wai et al. (2009). The scientific resource with the strongest citation relationship and the highest number of citations is the Journal of Educational Psychology

Çalışmanın amacı yerel yönetimlerde çalışanların mobbing algısı, iş doyumu ve aralarındaki ilişkinin farklı değişkenlerle ortaya konulmasıdır. Bu kapsamda çalışmada Aydın ili ilçe belediyelerinde farklı istihdam türlerinde çalışan 410 belediye personeline anket uygulanmıştır. Araştırma verileri Birey Tanıtım Formu, Mobbing Ölçeği ve Minnesota İş Tatmin Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmış, elde edilen veriler SPSS 27.0 versiyon paket programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın analizinde Kolmogorov-Smirnov testi, Mann Whitney U Testi, Kruskal Wallis H Testi ve Posthoc testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre yerel yönetimlerde düşük düzey mobbing algısı ve yüksek iş tatmini gözlemlenmektedir. Ayrıca, erkeklerin kendilerini daha fazla tehdit altında hissettikleri, sözleşmeli personelin daha fazla tehdit ve taciz altında olduğu, yüksek lisans mezunlarının kendilerini daha çok mobbing altında hissettikleri belirlenmiştir. İstihdam türünün mobbing algısında önemli bir değişken olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca, yüksek lisans mezunlarının iş tatmin düzeyinin düşük olduğu, çalışma yılının iş doyumunu etkilediği, kurumda gündüz mesaisi ve vardiyalı mesai yapmanın iş tatmininde farklılık yaratan önemli unsurlar olduğu bulunmuştur.