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Nowadays, trajectory control is a significant issue for unmanned micro aerial vehicles (MAVs) due to large disturbances such as wind and storms. Trajectory control is typically implemented using a proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller. In order to achieve high accuracy in trajectory tracking, it is essential to set the PID gain parameters to optimum values. For this reason, separate gain values are set for roll, pitch and yaw movements before autonomous flight in quadrotor systems. Traditionally, this adjustment is performed manually or automatically in autotune mode. Given the constraints of narrow orchard corridors, the use of manual or autotune mode is neither practical nor effective, as the quadrotor system has to fly in narrow apple orchard corridors covered with hail nets. These reasons require the development of an innovative solution specific to quadrotor vehicles designed for constrained areas such as apple orchards. This paper recognizes the need for effective trajectory control in quadrotors and proposes a novel neural network-based approach to tuning the optimal PID control parameters. This new approach not only improves trajectory control efficiency but also addresses the unique challenges posed by environments with constrained locational characteristics. Flight simulations using the proposed neural network models have demonstrated successful trajectory tracking performance and highlighted the superiority of the feed-forward back propagation network (FFBPN), especially in latitude tracking within 7.52745 × 10−5 RMSE trajectory error. Simulation results support the high performance of the proposed approach for the development of automatic flight capabilities in challenging environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Karya Journal of Health Science is the property of Karya Journal of Health Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study investigated the characteristic properties of aluminizing, boronizing, and boro-aluminizing coatings grown on Haynes 25 superalloys and their effects on the high-temperature wear behavior. The coating processes were conducted in a controlled atmosphere at 950 °C for 3 h. Characterization studies were performed using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, nanoindentation testing, and high-temperature wear tests. It was determined that the thickness values of aluminide, boride, and boride–aluminide coatings were 140 ± 1.50 µm, 37.58 ± 2.85 µm, and 14.73 ± 1.71 µm, and their hardness values were 12.23 ± 0.9 GPa, 26.34 ± 2.33 GPa, and 23.46 ± 1.29 GPa, respectively. The hardness of the coatings resulted in reduced wear volume losses both at room temperature and at 500 °C. While the best wear resistance was obtained in the boronized sample at room temperature due to its high hardness, the best wear resistance at 500 °C was obtained in the boro-aluminized sample with the oxidation–reduction effect of Al content and the lubricating effect of B content in the boro-aluminide coating. This indicates that the presence of aluminum in boride layers improves the high-temperature wear resistance of boride coatings. The coated samples underwent abrasive wear at room temperature, whereas at 500 °C, the wear mechanism shifted to an oxidative-assisted adhesive wear mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Istanbul Medical Journal is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine / İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Istanbul Tip Fakultesi Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The aim of the present study is to compare that results of in situ neurolysis and anterior transposition procedures both clinically and electro-diagnostically in those patients diagnosed with cubital tunnel syndrome. Material and Methods: Twenty of 34 patients who had undergone both preoperative, postoperative electromyogram (EMG) nerve conduction tests and regular follow-up were included in our study. Then, the patients were divided into 2 groups - in situ neurolysis (group A) and anterior transposition (group B). Both groups were compared based on modified Bishop functional scores, preoperative and postoperative EMG parameters. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in relation to EMG parameters between the two groups. When comparing preoperative and postoperative EMG results, in the patients with anterior transposition surgery 'elbow to below-elbow' and 'below-elbow to wrist' motor conduction velocity was increased significantly (p=0.018 and 0.04). While the average Bishop score was 7.9 in group A and 9.3 in group B, there was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of Bishop Scores. Conclusion: In the management of cubital tunnel syndrome, the choice of technique doesn't affect the functional results; however, anterior transposition of the nerve provides better recovery in 'elbow to below-elbow' and 'below-elbow to wrist' motor conduction velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To test whether Crowe type is related to femoral alignment and leg length discrepancy by evaluating the preoperative lengths and coronal alignment of femurs, pelvic parameters and hip morphology of patients who underwent primary hip arthroplasty due to coxarthrosis secondary to developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Materials and Methods: Medical records of patients with coxarthrosis secondary to DDH who were treated with total hip arthroplasty at Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine between 2008 and 2017 were reviewed. The mechanical axis of lower limbs was analyzed; pelvic height and femoral and tibial lengths were measured. All femurs were classified according to the Dorr classification. Results: A total of 97 patients were eligible for analysis and were diagnosed with unilateral DDH (n=51) or bilateral DDH (n=46). In those diagnosed with unilateral DDH, the affected pelvis, femur, and tibia were often shorter than the unaffected side. In those diagnosed with bilateral DDH, femoral and pelvic lengths were unpredictable. In the femoral coronal alignment test, data varied widely but were within normal limits. The difference in the Dorr types of femurs was significant between dysplastic and normal sides of patients with unilateral DDH (P=0.001) but not those with bilateral DDH. Conclusion: Especially in patients with unilateral DDH, pelvic heights and femoral and tibial lengths on the affected side may be shorter compared with unaffected side regardless of the Crowe type. Femoral coronal alignment is unpredictable for both groups. Careful preoperative analyses of femoral coronal alignment and pelvic length are advised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Patellofemoral malalignment is a known risk factor for instability, anterior knee pain, chondropathy and arthrosis. Patellofemoral malaligment with a laterally positioned tibial tubercle that results in symptoms of pain and/or instability can be effectively managed with a tibial tubercle osteotomy. Material and Method: We present long term results of 50 knees of 45 patients with patellofemoral malalignment treated with Fulkerson osteotomy at our institution. Results: The mean follow-up time was 116,9 months (60-204). Significant improvement was observed at all of the radiographic parameters when compared with the preoperative values of our cohort. We found that patients' postoperative quality of life increased significantly according to various pain and functional scales. Conclusion: In conclusion, Fulkerson osteotomy is successful in the treatment of patients with lateral patellar instability and/ or patellofemoral chondrosis/artrosis owing to patellofemoral malalignment. We believe that careful patient selection is the most important factor determining the overall outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Trauma & Emergency Surgery / Ulusal Travma ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Trauma & Emergency Surgery / Ulusal Travma ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine / İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Istanbul Tip Fakultesi Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Online Journal of Educational Sciences is the property of International Online Journal of Educational Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents research that examines the effects of 5E learning model on the metacognitive processes of seventh grade students in a class where the model is used. The study shows the difficulty of observing metacognition among the students. It notes the necessity for students to select special techniques. It also indicates the potential effect of the model to group activities.

The article presents a study which aimed to help adults to be education on environmental responsibility by bringing solutions to problems with water awareness. It notes that the study uses 22 adults who are working at government offices in Izmir, Turkey. It concludes that activities on water knowledge, water pollution and water preservation must be organized to raise environmental awareness.

Environmental problems grow gradually and their effects are felt in various ways such as shortage of potable water. Among the various solutions offered to solve these problems, there is one standing which has the potential of encapsulating all the solutions in, that is 'water education'. Therefore, the aim of this study is to present the results of a project conducted through a Water School Workshop Study related to students. The 30 students from 6th, 7th and 8th grade levels who were given water education for 25 lecture hours in totally 5 days by using originally developed instructional materials participated in the study. The data were gathered through qualitative and quantitative instruments before and just after the Water School. The results showed that the Water School is generally effective on the students' conception about water, attitudes toward water usage, awareness of environment and general opinions related to the water. Moreover, the students' answers for quantitative data collection tools were determined to be significantly permanent compared with the answers to the qualitative data collection tools even 3 months after the Water School. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Educational Research (EJER) is the property of Eurasian Journal of Educational Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this research is to develop a reliable and valid instrument in order to determine the primary school students' views towards the existence domain of scientific knowledge. A total of 467 students attending to 6th, 7th and 8th grades from 5 different primary schools were participated in the study. It was identified that the instrument was composed of totally 15 items with five factors namely, scientific works and entities (4 items), the true correspondence of scientific works (4 items), the scientific entities (3 items), continuity of the entities (2 items) and reaching the reality (2 items). The instrument has a reliability coefficient of cronbach α=0.75. At the same time, this instrument is also an original one developed for determining the primary school students' views about the existence domain of scientific knowledge in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The rationale behind the decision-making on which type of fixation to use in displaced medial epicondyle fractures is not well elucidated. This study aims to compare the long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of internal fixation with either Kirschner wires (K-wires) or cannulated screws in children with displaced medial epicondyle fractures., Methods: In this study, 42 consecutive children who underwent surgical treatment for medial epicondyle fractures displaced more than 5 mm were categorized into two groups as follows: group A, 22 children undergoing fixation with K-wires and group B, 20 children undergoing fixation with a screw. The mean age was nine (median, 10.5; range, 6-14) years in group A and 15 (16, 10-17) in group B. The overall follow-up was 10 (median, 10; range, 5-15) years. To assess patients' clinical outcomes, the Mayo Elbow Performance Scores (MEPS) were used in addition to the elbow range of motion (ROM) at the last follow-up. During the radiographic assessment, possible deformities secondary to the epicondyle fracture were examined on final follow-up radiographs., Results: The main MEPS were 95 (median, 95; range, 85-100) and 93 (94, 85-100) in groups A and B, respectively (p=0.18). In ROM, no significant differences were observed (p=0.43). In the radiographic assessment, one patient from each group developed a fibrous union, and one from each group had hypoplasia. There was no significant relationship between the deformity and fixation type (p=0.34, χ2 test)., Conclusion: Two smooth K-wires for younger children and screw fixation for children near skeletal maturity may provide favorable clinical and radiological outcomes at long-term follow-up, with low morbidity and radiographic deformity.